347:. Three obols was a standard rate for prostitutes. In the fourth century BC, bronze obols were first minted, which were generally larger due to bronze being a less precious metal than silver, thus needing a larger amount to produce an equivalent coin. This larger size made bronze coins fairly popular, as their small, silver predecessors were much easier to lose track of. Obols had a variety of designs stamped into them based on the region in which they were produced. Athenian obols were typically emblazoned with the face of Athena on one side, and an owl on the reverse. Other regions in Greece had various designs, but the Athenian design was popular enough that the majority of obols discovered by archaeologists today bear the owl design. Diobols and triobols were differentiated from standard obols through slight variations to the owl design, changing the way the bird faced and how its wings were positioned for easily identifiable currency.
307:
166:
84:
325:. Six obols made up the drachma. There were also coins worth two obols ("diobol") and three obols ("triobol"). By the fifth century BC, variations on obols expanded to include coins worth one and one-half ("trihemiobol") obols and half obols ("hemiobol"). The fourth century BC diversified further with some minted obols worth as little as one-eighth obol, equivalent to a single copper. Each obol was divisible into eight "
140:
102:
62:
119:
468:. While 0.72 grams was the weight of a standard Greek obol, the actual amount of silver that went into making the currency could vary from region to region. Obols in Athens were typically near the 0.72-gram standard, while Corinth was documented having 0.42-gram obols.
377:. Legend had it that those without enough wealth or whose friends refused to follow proper burial rites were forced to wander the banks of the river for one hundred years until they were allowed to cross it.
295:
period they were exchanged in handfuls (drachmae) of six spits; they were not used for manufacturing artifacts as metallurgical analyses suggest, but they were most likely used as token-money.
488:. In the story's discussion of the circularity of time, eternity, and the transmigration of the soul through several bodies the author uses a quotation of
303:
had an iron obol of four coppers. They retained the cumbersome and impractical bars rather than proper coins to discourage the pursuit of wealth.
1020:
1152:
326:
850:
1118:
949:
519:
35:
987:
495::59, mistranslated as "no one will be released from prison until he has paid the last obolus" since Luke calls the coin a
1013:
936:
594:
555:
509:
172:
906:
881:
764:
734:
709:
649:
1157:
291:. Archaeologists today describe the iron spits as "utensil-money" since excavated hoards indicate that during the
361:
The deceased were buried with an obol placed in the mouth of the corpse, so that—once a deceased's shade reached
847:
1006:
339:). In some other cities the obol was instead divided into twelve coppers. During this era, an obol purchased a
287:
discovered several dozen of these early obols, dated well before 800 BC; they are now displayed at the
572:
288:
218:
210:
202:
192:
567:
267:(died ca. 310 BC) is cited as having mentioned the obols of Heraion and also gives the etymology of
476:
The obolus, along with the mirror, was a symbol of new schismatic heretics in the short stories "
439:
402:
993:
150:
941:
1029:
873:
867:
17:
1162:
264:
8:
366:
945:
902:
877:
770:
760:
730:
705:
655:
645:
485:
283:(mid 4th century BC) is said to have mentioned the obols of Heraion. Excavations at
682:
356:
107:
1037:
854:
577:
481:
260:
72:
310:
Silver
Athenian obol, prominently featuring the regional owl design. 510–490 BC.
1131:
489:
465:
232:
186:
146:
1146:
1108:
966:
Seconde parte of a register: being a calendar of manuscripts under that title
563:
292:
284:
68:
1126:
1103:
1050:
976:
2. Vol. I of the Loeb
Classical Library edition, 1914 Plutarch, Lycurgus, 9
774:
686:
659:
496:
435:
673:
Psoma, S (1998). "Le nombre de chalques dans l'obole dans le monde grec".
1055:
1045:
513:
398:
394:
306:
31:
998:
994:
How we came to know about the iron obols, the antecedents of the drachma
754:
83:
344:
154:
90:
165:
968:(Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2010), p. 175, note.
477:
340:
702:
Courtesans and
Fishcakes: The Consuming Passions of Classical Athens
296:
248:
39:
605:
Biba Teržan, "L'aristocrazia femminile nella prima età del Ferro"
525:
492:
370:
276:
139:
1065:
792:
787:
405:
319:
315:
300:
256:
252:
101:
45:
425:
0.72 grams or 11 grains). Under Roman rule, it was defined as
263:
or a handful, since that was as many as the hand could grasp.
61:
556:
529:
452:
362:
330:
275:(the word for "spit, spike, nail"). Similarly, the historian
190:
118:
940:. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation. pp.
374:
322:
499:(a somewhat smaller denomination) rather than an obolus.
538:), which also derived from the bars or the critical mark
343:
and chous (3 L or 100 US fl oz) of
759:. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
837:
British Museum
Catalogue 11 – Attica Megaris Aegina
644:. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press.
239:) was a form of ancient Greek currency and weight.
67:Six rod-shaped obols discovered at the Heraion of
1144:
411:In ancient Greece, it was generally reckoned as
247:Obols were used from early times. According to
615:The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age
171:A 19th-century obol from the British-occupied
89:Silver obol of Athens, dated 515–510 BC. Obv.
1014:
929:
927:
1021:
1007:
924:
1028:
259:traded by weight, while six obols make a
699:
305:
896:
724:
30:For the modern Greek currency, see the
14:
1145:
933:
865:
617:by Harry Fokkens & Anthony Harding
438:or about 0.57 g (9 gr). The
1002:
872:. Iola: Krause Publications. p.
752:
748:
746:
704:. London: Fontana Press. p. 59.
672:
639:
846:Weight Standards and Denominations,
591:Parallel Lives, The Life of Lysander
442:also reckoned the obol or obolus as
34:; for the British currency, see the
510:United States of the Ionian Islands
24:
1153:Ancient Greek units of measurement
890:
743:
718:
633:
25:
1174:
980:
756:Archaic and classical Greek coins
642:Archaic and classical Greek coins
522:, also formerly known as the obol
227:
901:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
729:. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
164:
138:
117:
100:
82:
60:
38:; for the brachiopod genus, see
958:
915:
859:
840:
831:
815:
799:
781:
471:
350:
71:(above). Six obols forming one
693:
666:
620:
608:
599:
583:
549:
251:they were originally spits of
13:
1:
542:
422:
369:for passage across the river
125:
27:Unit of ancient Greek coinage
271:(the name of the coin) from
7:
934:Borges, Jorge Luis (1962).
502:
365:—they would be able to pay
289:Numismatic Museum of Athens
242:
131:–350 BC. Æ 21 mm.
10:
1179:
557:
530:
393:was also a measurement of
354:
331:
231: "nail, metal spit";
191:
43:
29:
1117:
1096:
1080:
1064:
1036:
869:Ancient coin collecting 3
866:Sayles, Wayne G. (1997).
822:Oxford English Dictionary
806:Oxford English Dictionary
380:
279:in his equally lost work
753:Kraay, Colin M. (1976).
700:Davidson, James (1998).
640:Kraay, Colin M. (1976).
44:Not to be confused with
1158:Coins of ancient Greece
986:A History of Measures:
725:Jenkins, G. K. (1972).
573:A Greek–English Lexicon
318:, obols were traded as
897:Jenkins, G.K. (1972).
687:10.3406/numi.1998.2185
484:" by Argentine author
311:
236:
124:LUCANIA, Metapontion.
1030:Ancient Greek coinage
564:Liddell, Henry George
309:
110:. 5th–1st century BC.
54:Obols through history
988:The Use of Obeliskoi
508:The currency of the
440:apothecaries' system
265:Heraklides of Pontus
921:Labyrinths page 158
899:Ancient Greek Coins
727:Ancient Greek Coins
93:Rev. Incuse square.
853:2015-05-04 at the
675:Revue numismatique
312:
1140:
1139:
951:978-0-8112-0012-7
848:Tulane University
486:Jorge Luis Borges
230:
16:(Redirected from
1170:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1000:
999:
969:
962:
956:
955:
931:
922:
919:
913:
912:
894:
888:
887:
863:
857:
844:
838:
835:
829:
819:
813:
803:
797:
785:
779:
778:
750:
741:
740:
722:
716:
715:
697:
691:
690:
670:
664:
663:
637:
631:
624:
618:
612:
606:
603:
597:
587:
581:
560:
559:
553:
533:
532:
464:
463:
459:
451:
450:
446:
434:
433:
429:
424:
420:
419:
415:
334:
333:
229:
226:
196:
195:
168:
142:
130:
127:
121:
104:
86:
64:
21:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1113:
1092:
1076:
1060:
1032:
1027:
983:
973:
972:
963:
959:
952:
932:
925:
920:
916:
909:
895:
891:
884:
864:
860:
855:Wayback Machine
845:
841:
836:
832:
820:
816:
804:
800:
786:
782:
767:
751:
744:
737:
723:
719:
712:
698:
694:
671:
667:
652:
638:
634:
625:
621:
613:
609:
604:
600:
588:
584:
578:Perseus Project
554:
550:
545:
505:
482:The Theologians
474:
461:
457:
456:
448:
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431:
427:
426:
417:
413:
412:
383:
359:
353:
245:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
169:
160:
159:
158:
145:An obol of the
143:
134:
133:
132:
128:
122:
113:
112:
111:
105:
96:
95:
94:
87:
78:
77:
76:
65:
56:
55:
49:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1176:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1132:Rhodian weight
1129:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1093:
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1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1042:
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997:
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991:
982:
981:External links
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882:
858:
839:
830:
814:
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765:
742:
735:
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710:
692:
681:(153): 19–29.
665:
650:
632:
619:
607:
598:
582:
547:
546:
544:
541:
540:
539:
523:
516:
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379:
355:Main article:
352:
349:
293:Late Geometric
244:
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173:Ionian Islands
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147:Greco-Bactrian
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1012:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1001:
995:
992:
989:
985:
984:
975:
974:
967:
964:Albert Peel,
961:
953:
947:
943:
939:
938:
930:
928:
918:
910:
908:9780214653445
904:
900:
893:
885:
883:0-87341-533-7
879:
875:
871:
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862:
856:
852:
849:
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834:
827:
823:
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811:
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789:
784:
776:
772:
768:
766:0-520-03254-3
762:
758:
757:
749:
747:
738:
736:9780214653445
732:
728:
721:
713:
711:0-00-686343-4
707:
703:
696:
688:
684:
680:
676:
669:
661:
657:
653:
651:0-520-03254-3
647:
643:
636:
629:
623:
616:
611:
602:
596:
592:
586:
579:
575:
574:
569:
568:Scott, Robert
565:
561:
552:
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537:
527:
524:
521:
517:
515:
512:, called the
511:
507:
506:
500:
498:
494:
491:
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483:
479:
469:
467:
454:
441:
437:
409:
407:
404:
403:apothecaries'
400:
396:
392:
388:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
358:
357:Charon's obol
348:
346:
342:
338:
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:In Classical
308:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:On Inventions
278:
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109:
108:Charon's obol
103:
92:
85:
74:
70:
63:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1127:Attic weight
1081:
965:
960:
935:
917:
898:
892:
868:
861:
842:
833:
825:
821:
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801:
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783:
755:
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695:
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601:
590:
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571:
551:
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518:The British
475:
472:Literary use
410:
390:
386:
384:
360:
351:Funerary use
336:
313:
280:
272:
268:
246:
222:
214:
206:
198:
182:
180:
1163:Numismatics
1056:Tetradrachm
824:. "obolus,
796:6, 324–330.
436:Roman ounce
299:states the
157:in diameter
32:Ionian obol
1147:Categories
990:(archived)
937:Labyrinths
626:Plutarch,
589:Plutarch,
543:References
153:, 12
129: 425
91:Gorgoneion
1119:Standards
808:. "obol,
536:obelískoi
531:ὀβελίσκοι
520:halfpenny
478:The Zahir
421:drachma (
341:kantharos
151:Demetrius
36:halfpenny
1038:Drachmae
851:Archived
628:Lycurgus
595:para. 17
526:Obelisks
503:See also
480:" and "
301:Spartans
297:Plutarch
249:Plutarch
243:Currency
201:, also
40:Obolidae
775:2649019
660:2649019
576:at the
466:scruple
460:⁄
447:⁄
430:⁄
416:⁄
371:Acheron
337:khalkoí
327:coppers
277:Ephorus
261:drachma
215:obellós
211:ὀβελλός
73:drachma
1104:Lepton
1097:Morion
1089:
1073:
1066:Stater
1051:Talent
948:
942:122–24
905:
880:
793:Aeneid
788:Virgil
773:
763:
733:
708:
658:
648:
558:ὀβολός
497:lepton
406:weight
401:, and
391:obolus
381:Weight
367:Charon
332:χαλκοί
320:silver
316:Athens
273:obelos
269:obolos
257:bronze
253:copper
237:obolus
223:odelós
219:ὀδελός
207:obelós
203:ὀβελός
199:obolos
193:ὀβολός
46:Obelus
453:ounce
399:Roman
395:Greek
363:Hades
323:coins
285:Argos
233:Latin
187:Greek
149:king
69:Argos
18:Obols
1082:Obol
1046:Mina
946:ISBN
903:ISBN
878:ISBN
771:OCLC
761:ISBN
731:ISBN
706:ISBN
656:OCLC
646:ISBN
514:obol
490:Luke
387:obol
385:The
375:Styx
345:wine
228:lit.
183:obol
181:The
683:doi
455:or
389:or
373:or
329:" (
255:or
225:).
217:),
209:),
1149::
944:.
926:^
876:.
874:19
828:."
812:."
790:,
769:.
745:^
677:.
654:.
593:,
570:;
566:;
562:.
534:,
493:12
449:48
432:48
423:c.
408:.
397:,
335:,
235::
197:,
189::
155:mm
126:c.
1022:e
1015:t
1008:v
954:.
911:.
886:.
826:n
810:n
777:.
739:.
714:.
689:.
685::
679:6
662:.
630:9
580:.
528:(
462:2
458:1
445:1
428:1
418:6
414:1
221:(
213:(
205:(
185:(
75:.
48:.
20:)
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