722:
558:
the act of accreditation may support programs of study that continually assess their quality of education, strive to offer improvements when needed, utilize faculty and staff when planning and implementing program evaluation, and standardizing criteria specific to professional certificates and licensure. Ensuring that curriculum is up-to-date, relevant, and current to the happenings within nursing and healthcare today, may be better obtained through an accredited nursing program. Nursing students that choose an accredited nursing program could receive federal financial aid and might successfully transfer course credits to another accredited program. These benefits may not be available for students that utilize a non-accredited program. There are two main accrediting bodies for nursing programs. The
Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)
370:
City
Hospital, the effort only lasted a few years. However, once the new hospital was built the nursing program was reestablished in 1895 as the Charleston Training School. In 1916, the Board of Commissioners of the Roper Hospital proposed the transfer of the training school to the Medical College of the State of South Carolina, whose school of medicine had been established in Charleston in 1824 and whose faculty was already providing most of the nursing instruction. The proposal was accepted by both the hospital and the Medical College, and in 1919 the Roper Hospital Training School for Nurses became the School of Nursing of the Medical College of the State of South Carolina. In 1969 when the Medical College was designated the Medical University of South Carolina, the School of Nursing became the College of Nursing.
77:
513:
a pre-reg nursing degree are usually five GCSEs (including mathematics, English language and at least one science subject) at Grade C or above, along with three A-Level subjects (preferably but not essentially science-based) at Grade C or above, although the majority of universities will seek higher grades due to the competition for places. Key Skills courses are generally no-longer accepted as an alternative to GCSEs, however science or healthcare-based BTEC Level 3 Extended
Diplomas and Access courses are most oftem accepted in lieu of A-Level qualifications.
695:
707:
2778:
97:
and the utilization of research when making clinical and managerial decisions. Orthodox training can be argued to have offered a more intense practical skills base, but emphasized the handmaiden relationship with the physician. This is now outmoded, and the impact of nurse education is to develop a confident, inquiring graduate who contributes to the care team as an equal. In some countries, not all qualification courses have graduate status.
340:
2802:
2790:
612:. In the United States, nursing students learn through traditional classroom and lab instruction. Nursing education also involves clinical rotations and simulation, throughout their schooling, to develop care planning and clinical reasoning. At the end of schooling, nursing students in the US and Canada must take and pass the NCLEX (National Council of Licensure Examination) to practice.
214:- a three month course consisting of elementary Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene. If these exams were passed a second course was given which consisted of Medicine, Surgery and Practical Nursing. The prospective nurse was then able to enter the Hospital with this theoretical knowledge. Strong was supported by the pioneering surgeon Sir
89:
650:
a regular basis and a patient's needs are never the same. It is a nurse's job to cater to their needs, and ensure the patient is being treated well. During their education, nurses will master the practice of engaging, communicating, and treating unique patient populations, while working with diverse coworkers.
530:
manner, and other vital skills. After the first semester basic skills are obtained, students rotate through obstetrics, mental health, medical, surgical, oncology, critical care and pediatric units to get a holistic view of nursing and what it encompasses. Many nursing students and nursing schools use
677:
within nursing education programs should be prioritized as research states that dishonest behaviors in the classroom setting may increase the likelihood of clinical dishonesty. This could impact patient safety and outcomes. Nursing programs could begin to address academic misconduct in the classroom
656:
has created The
Essentials to identify curriculum content and student competencies that should be met for all bachelorette, master's and doctoral level nursing students. Most recently The Essentials underwent an overhaul that resulted in the competencies and sub-competencies of each domain, be taught
557:
Nursing students today have a wide variety of program options that range from state colleges or universities to private, for-profit entities. Nursing programs that are accredited offer program content that meets the national and state level standards. The U.S. Department of
Education identifies that
649:
Additionally, newer curriculums within nursing education are requiring future nurses to be educated on patient and workforce diversity. A large step in increasing diversity within nursing is through education. Several research studies have shown diverse patient populations cycle through hospitals on
541:
The traditional BSN programs may take much longer time. For example, in
California, where nursing is a relatively high-paid and in high demand profession, the completion of BSN (including pre-requisites, major courses in the program, and General Education courses of college) may take 5 to 6 years. A
516:
If successful following interview, the student will study a "core" first year, learning basic nursing competencies essential to all four of the above fields. It is then from second year and onwards that the degree will begin to focus on the student's chosen field. Following completion of the degree,
512:
To become a student nurse, individuals must apply through the university and
Colleges Admissions Service (commonly referred to as "UCAS") to their nursing degree choices, choosing from one of the four nursing fields: Adult, Children, Mental Health and Learning Disabilities. Requirements for entry to
335:
The history of nursing education had a long and varied role in the United States. Before the late 1800s little formal education was available to train nursing students. Education was primarily based on an apprenticeship with a senior nurse who taught bedside care within a hospital or clinic setting.
96:
During past decades, the changes in education have replaced the more practically focused, but often ritualistic, training structure of conventional preparation. Nurse education integrates today a broader awareness of other disciplines allied to medicine, often involving inter-professional education,
645:
Although nurses tend to spend a lot of time in nursing school doing simulation and clinical learning, they also spend time in the classroom learning about the care that they will eventually give. This includes both broad science courses as well as very specific courses such as a course specifically
633:
Medical simulation and hands on learning are common among nursing education practices. Some nursing schools will carry out hands on demonstrations and practice so that future nurses can learn skills like how to administer specific medications and care for specific patients such as the skills taught
620:
There are a variety of areas where nurses can specialize in and they may decide they want to be qualified in one or several specialties over the course of their career. There are four main branches of nursing: Adult nursing, Children's
Nursing, Mental Health Nursing and Learning Disability Nursing.
564:. Both accrediting bodies are sufficient to ensure that nursing programs meet national standards. ACEN provides accreditations for all levels of nursing programs; this includes the practical nurse through the doctorate. CCNE provides accreditation for the bachelorette and master's nursing programs.
525:
Pre-requisites often include math, English, and other basic level courses. Basic courses in biology, anatomy and physiology are required. Depending on the nursing school, credits can be taken elsewhere, and transferred in, although limitations on time span between taking pre-requisites and applying
283:
was opened in the early 1970s and degree courses in nursing were established about the same time. Nursing education at the university expanded greatly in 1996 when a new School of
Nursing and Midwifery was created by transferring the Manchester College of Midwifery and Nursing into the university's
591:
After the
Nursing student becomes a Registered nurse, he or she is required to participate in continuing education to retain their licensing and registration. In 2010, it was projected that by 2018, there would be a 22% job growth in the nursing field; at the time it was the United States' fastest
529:
Core coursework includes anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Additionally, a strong emphasis is placed on procedural education such as insertion of intravenous and urinary catheters, sterile dressing changes, proper administration of medications, physical examinations, caring bedside
369:
The Medical University of South Carolina College of Nursing has been traced to its beginning in 1883 when the South Carolina Training School for Nurses was established at the request of Roper Hospital (known then as City Hospital) in Charleston, SC. Due to an earthquake in 1886 which destroyed the
629:
Among nurse educators, arguments continue about the ideal balance of practical preparation and the need to educate the future practitioner to manage healthcare and to have a broader view of the practice. To meet both requirements, nurse education aims to develop a lifelong learner who can adapt
508:
Pre-registration nurse training and education in the UK is now via a bachelor's degree (a UK Level 6 qualification) or a 2-year pre-registration master's degree at level 7, following the phasing-out of the Diploma of Higher Education (a UK Level 5 qualification) in Nursing which was previously
537:
Many schools offer an accelerated bachelor's degree in nursing program. A variation of the Second Degree BSN is the Accelerated BSN. In addition to giving credit for having completed liberal arts requirements, an Accelerated BSN program allows students to complete their undergraduate nursing
322:
Currently, nursing is a three-year course in the UK, with students choosing the branch that they want to study, e.g., adult, child, mental health, or learning disability; or combinations of two (called dual-field). The course consists of a balance between coursework in classes and practical
678:
by leaning into Bandura's Social Learning Theory (SLT). The SLT posits that students learn behaviors from observing, imitating, and modeling. A variety of educational tools may be implemented to help shape the student's perceptions of dishonest behaviors. Some curriculum, simulation, and
682:
experiences may help model appropriate classroom and clinical behavior choices. With the explosion of artificial intelligence (AI) use among students, educating the nursing student population on how to appropriately utilize AI resources may be necessary.
363:, of New York City, was founded. It was the first school of nursing in the United States to be founded on the principles of nursing established by Florence Nightingale. The School operated at Bellevue Hospital until its closure in 1969.
209:
in 1893. She had been working as a Matron there since 1879. This 'block apprenticeship' programme had separate classroom based teaching and practical periods on the wards. Two courses were arranged in conjunction with the Professors of
167:
was established in 1956, with a five-year integrated degree programme introduced in 1960. Several other universities across the UK during the 1960s. In 1974 La Trobe University commenced the first nursing course in Australia.
384:
as temporary head. She was trained at the Nightingale Fund School at St. Thomas' Hospital in London and was decorated for her service in several conflicts. UMSON is one of the oldest and largest nursing schools in the United
517:
the applicant will be registered with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) as a Registered Nurse in their field of practice, using the post-nominal RNA, RNC, RNMH or RNLD as appropriate to their degree qualification.
195:. Her intention was to train nurses to a qualified and specialized level, with the key aim of learning to develop observation skills and sensitivity to patient needs, then allow them to work in hospital posts across the
159:(WHO) study group on the education of nurses met in Brussels and made several recommendations, including that "At least one experimental school of nursing be set up in each country." In the UK, the first department of
236:
was another innovator in nurse training and education and introduced the Preliminary Training School concept to England in 1895. This was adopted as an element of mandatory training programme following the 1919
721:
295:
provided the legal mechanism for change. This saw a gradual movement away from practice-based training towards a college-based system of education, from the nurse apprentice to the supernumerary nurse.
538:
program's course requirements more quickly than students enrolled in a traditional BSN program. Accelerated BSN programs usually take 12 months to complete, though some programs may run for 16 to 24 months.
1161:
Anthony, Grainne (2011), ‘Distinctness of Idea and Firmness of Purpose. The Career of Eva Luckes; A Victorian Hospital Matron.’ (Unpublished Master of Arts dissertation, London Metropolitan University,
399:
on the program of education. These same nurse leaders also established what would become the National League for Nursing Education and helped in establishing the American Nurses Association.
323:
placements in a health care setting. The first year is foundation, where students learn anatomy and physiology and basic health care. Newly qualified nurses then have to register with the
1178:
Rogers, Sarah (2022). 'A Maker of Matrons’? A study of Eva Lückes's influence on a generation of nurse leaders:1880–1919' (Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Huddersfield, April 2022)
291:
of 1972. This set a new agenda for nursing and nurse education and sought to develop a career progression away from the bedside into education, management and research. In addition, the
395:
was founded in conjunction with the creation of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. As one of the earliest hospital-based nursing schools in the United States school leaders consulted with
464:
There are multiple entry levels into nursing. This has led to confusion for the public, as well as other healthcare professionals. The earliest schools of nursing offered a
1318:"University of Glasgow - Schools - School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing - Undergraduate Medical School - Our facilities - A Significant Medical History - 20th Century"
542:
3.0 GPA is often an entrance requirement for many programs. Some more prestigious schools require much higher GPA score to be competitive. Many programs now also require
2479:
1809:
2712:
2667:
468:
and not an actual academic degree. These are either a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) certificate or a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) certificate or diploma.
148:
Nurse education in the United States is conducted within university schools, although it is unclear who offered the first degree level program. So far as known
260:. Luckes's other matrons also spread her style of "Nightingale nursing" to voluntary hospitals and infirmaries both in the provinces and London. They included
377:
1704:
132:
188:
1479:
1860:
292:
2270:
865:
1591:
41:
by experienced nurses and other medical professionals who have qualified or experienced for educational tasks, traditionally in a type of
1395:
1076:"University of Glasgow - University events - Glasgow Science Festival - Schools & Community Engagement - Monumental - Rebecca Strong"
550:
for RN and LPN programs (which in term of nursing training is much shorter and the scope of practice is different than RN). Lastly, the
875:
1925:
Cottingham, Marci D. (27 December 2018). "The missing and needed male nurse: Discursive hybridization in professional nursing texts".
1617:
61:
nursing, and post-operative nursing. Nurse education also provides post-qualification courses in specialist subjects within nursing.
1638:
2752:
112:
such as convents by young women, although there has always been a proportion of male nurses, especially in mental health services.
2762:
1660:
694:
348:
160:
2357:
2342:
500:
Degree in Nursing (PhD) is also available, although this degree tends to focuses more on research than hands-on patient care.
2574:
2534:
1415:
1049:
81:
2630:
2260:
2250:
1678:
33:
consists of the theoretical and practical training provided to nurses with the purpose to prepare them for their duties as
897:
860:
850:
360:
53:. Most countries offer nurse education courses that can be relevant to general nursing or to specialized areas including
1194:
The battle of the nurses : a study of eight women who influenced the development of professional nursing, 1880-1930
2728:
1814:, Hooper JI, Jeffries PR, Goldman N, Kardong-Edgren S, Kesten KS, Spector N, Tagliareni E, Radtke B, Tillman C (2015).
1727:
1248:
2362:
2132:
1552:
1509:
870:
855:
543:
276:
1075:
1815:
2640:
2307:
794:
750:
547:
473:
392:
319:, and experience in jobs related to health/nursing assistance are also worthy for consideration into the course.
1317:
2312:
799:
755:
481:
410:
244:
produced over 470 matrons who filled posts at home and abroad, including three who filled the top positions in
17:
1502:
Nursing and Nursing Education in the United States: Report of the Committee for the Study of Nursing Education
2806:
2748:
336:
Over time this model changed dramatically. A short chronology of Schools of Nursing in the United States is:
324:
199:
and abroad. Her influence flourished and nursing is now a course taught at a number of British universities.
2758:
2327:
2255:
819:
760:
551:
489:
452:
265:
238:
1525:
2650:
2504:
2372:
2265:
1483:
987:
839:
834:
639:
1947:
706:
315:. Mature students, over the age of twenty-one, have the option of entering upon completion of a college
2828:
2723:
2322:
1876:"Innovative Approaches to Educating Future Clinicians about Opioids, Pain, Addiction and Health Policy"
809:
765:
669:
Within the undergraduate student population, over 70% have self-reported participating in some form of
658:
493:
316:
1437:
279:
was one of the first English institutions to offer the course at degree level. A new building for the
2245:
2214:
280:
156:
1451:
2793:
2658:
2635:
2469:
2174:
576:
272:
245:
192:
1980:"The experience of nurses in care for culturally diverse families: A qualitative meta-synthesis 1"
1568:
526:
to nursing programs often exist, usually around 5 years, although some schools set no parameters.
64:
A nursing student can be enrolled in a program that leads to a diploma, an associate degree, or a
2733:
2419:
2404:
2384:
2337:
2199:
1407:
1369:
1343:
554:
level is for experienced RNs to reach a higher education and may expand their scope of practice.
406:
206:
164:
2708:
2524:
2454:
1595:
434:
429:
was founded. It became the first School of Nursing to adopt the educational standards from the
426:
180:
149:
116:
2569:
2544:
2529:
2399:
2169:
2125:
1854:
1465:
679:
211:
141:, were in favor of formalized nursing registration and curricula that were formally based in
1026:
120:
2683:
2663:
2539:
2394:
770:
497:
396:
229:
176:
138:
101:
76:
8:
2718:
2514:
2499:
2494:
2444:
1811:
728:
670:
531:
485:
448:
225:
109:
65:
42:
1288:
2678:
2592:
2459:
2449:
2317:
2302:
2229:
2097:"Fostering ethical integrity in nursing: An ongoing examination of diverse perceptions"
2012:
1979:
1960:
1902:
1875:
1835:
1792:
1125:
1101:
968:
804:
745:
674:
642:, the balance of simulation to clinical time remains in the hands of the institutions.
635:
601:
469:
465:
438:
1831:
1755:
Hines, Cheryl B.; Cody, Shameka L.; Eyer, Joshua C.; Coupe, Landry (1 February 2021).
2743:
2673:
2602:
2597:
2519:
2434:
2414:
2219:
2017:
1999:
1964:
1952:
1907:
1796:
1784:
1776:
1548:
1505:
1411:
1198:
1112:
972:
609:
605:
179:
was one of the pioneers in establishing the idea of nursing schools from her base at
1839:
2782:
2738:
2703:
2698:
2688:
2559:
2509:
2489:
2439:
2429:
2332:
2179:
2118:
2007:
1991:
1942:
1934:
1897:
1887:
1827:
1768:
1403:
1120:
960:
580:
546:
scores to evaluate potential students for entry. Also, there are other options of
142:
1756:
923:
419:, 13 universities and 3 colleges had developed bachelor's nursing degree programs.
2693:
2584:
2389:
2294:
2189:
1772:
1140:"Nurses of Note. Mrs Rebecca Strong". The British Journal of Nursing (January)".
1053:
571:, students graduate from nursing education programs qualified to take one of the
562:
300:
215:
2055:"The development and testing of nursing student perceptions of dishonesty scale"
1995:
1682:
2607:
2549:
2484:
2424:
2409:
2352:
2347:
2184:
2073:
1216:
901:
829:
824:
789:
381:
261:
202:
196:
105:
1892:
638:
in nursing education is important for improving practice, patient safety, and
2822:
2554:
2474:
2224:
2164:
2003:
1956:
1780:
1452:"History of the School of Nursing | University of Maryland School of Nursing"
1202:
1116:
568:
288:
257:
54:
2096:
2054:
1012:
287:
Nursing education in the United Kingdom was significantly influenced by the
152:
became the first autonomous school of nursing in the United States in 1923.
2021:
1911:
1874:
Aronowitz, Shoshana V.; Compton, Peggy; Schmidt, Heath D. (3 August 2020).
1788:
964:
712:
477:
249:
2564:
2035:
654:
409:
offered the first university based nursing program. It offered the first
344:
128:
88:
205:
OBE (1843-1944) started a Preliminary Training School for Nurses at the
1938:
307:, including English, maths and a science (preferably biology), and two
253:
241:
233:
221:
1249:"50 years since the Briggs Report | Blogs | Royal College of Nursing"
1237:"This week / next week" (University of Manchester); 7 Oct. 1996, p. 1
1192:
814:
634:
in an opioid care training course. While it is clear that the use of
58:
937:
778:
See articles on individual degrees for variations on the exact name.
630:
effectively to changes in both the theory and practice of nursing.
451:
School of Nursing became the first in the United States to grant a
312:
124:
1681:. College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia. Archived from
2141:
600:
Nursing education includes instruction in topic areas. These are
575:(National Council Licensure Examination) exams, the NCLEX-PN for
339:
308:
299:
Entry level courses, sought by most universities, are often five
34:
1757:"An Opioid Education Program for Baccalaureate Nursing Students"
413:
degree and graduated the first bachelor's degree educated nurse.
2464:
1816:"NCSBN Simulation Guidelines for Prelicensure Nursing Programs"
184:
1705:"Nursing Projected to Lead Employment Growth over Next Decade"
559:
2625:
572:
304:
1545:
Fundamentals of Nursing: shout up for Collaborative Practice
664:
476:
degree, and some diploma programs switched to this model.
2110:
1438:"UMSON History | University of Maryland School of Nursing"
1978:
Murcia, Saidy Eliana Arias; Lopez, Lucero (4 July 2016).
561:
and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE)
92:
The nursing school at Karanda Mission Hospital, Zimbabwe
2052:
1873:
1536:
1047:
653:
The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)
2071:
1589:
1569:"Exhibit on the History of the Yale School of Nursing"
1469:. Johns Hopkins Medicine; [cited 26 May 2014].
275:, the direct descendant of Nightingale's school, the
37:care professionals. This education is provided to
1803:
1754:
1618:"What Are the Different Types of Nursing Degrees?"
1370:"Educate and Inspire: The MUSC College of Nursing"
1344:"Educate and Inspire: The MUSC College of Nursing"
1707:. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. 28 January 2010
646:about how to better care for addiction patients.
327:in order to apply for jobs and legally practice.
2820:
1495:
1493:
727:The American student nurse Miss Lydia Monroe of
700:This is an image of Florence Nightingale in 1870
378:University of Maryland School of Nursing (UMSON)
1289:"Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1979"
900:. MediLexicon International Ltd. Archived from
123:opens the first nursing school in the world in
347:awarded to graduates of the nursing school at
2126:
2036:"American Association of Colleges of Nursing"
1750:
1748:
1490:
1102:"Mrs. Rebecca Strong (née Thorogood), O.B.E."
293:1979 Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act
2074:"Academic dishonesty among nursing students"
1948:11245.1/428411f7-feaa-4e9e-9d6b-ed1458ed9462
1859:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
944:
866:List of nursing schools in the United States
673:or dishonesty within the classroom setting.
503:
284:Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing.
1977:
1592:"History of the Columbia School of Nursing"
532:medical and healthcare educational software
520:
441:plan rather than on hospital service needs.
2133:
2119:
1924:
1745:
1661:"Why Nursing School Accreditation Matters"
1408:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000382493
876:List of Nursing Training Colleges in Ghana
433:Goldmark Report that was requested by the
145:and not within the confines of hospitals.
2011:
1946:
1901:
1891:
1124:
988:"History makers: nursing ambition | Edit"
459:
1499:
1301:
1272:
665:Academic integrity and nursing education
338:
137:Some other nurses at that time, notably
87:
75:
71:
1400:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1246:
1099:
586:
100:Traditionally, from the times prior to
14:
2821:
2343:Nursing credentials and certifications
1984:Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
1658:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1247:Tierney, Alison J. (24 October 2022).
1190:
615:
509:offered at universities and colleges.
189:Nightingale Training School for Nurses
2114:
1728:"What type of nursing shall I study?"
1725:
1659:Gaines, Kathleen (21 February 2023).
1633:
1631:
1542:
1393:
1186:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1157:
1155:
951:"Medical News. Education of nurses".
851:Nursing schools by country (category)
2789:
2631:Nursing Interventions Classification
1396:"Parsons, Louisa (1855–1916), nurse"
2801:
2094:
1645:
1394:Cohen, Susan L. (11 January 2024),
1240:
985:
861:List of nursing schools in Malaysia
361:Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing
24:
1639:"Compare different qualifications"
1628:
1480:"History of the School of Nursing"
1181:
1165:
1152:
736:
232:, and was her friend and disciple.
25:
2840:
924:"the definition of student nurse"
871:List of nursing schools in Europe
856:List of nursing colleges in India
437:. The curriculum was based on an
271:Apart from the nursing school of
171:
2800:
2788:
2777:
2776:
2101:Teaching and Learning in Nursing
2053:McClung & Schneider (2018).
720:
705:
693:
455:in a clinical nursing specialty.
330:
2641:Nursing Outcomes Classification
2636:Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)
2308:Associate of Science in Nursing
2088:
2072:McClung & Gaberson (2021).
2065:
2046:
2028:
1971:
1927:Gender, Work & Organization
1918:
1867:
1719:
1697:
1671:
1610:
1583:
1561:
1518:
1472:
1458:
1444:
1430:
1387:
1367:
1361:
1341:
1335:
1310:
1295:
1281:
1266:
1231:
1209:
1133:
1093:
940:. Yale School of Nursing. 2015.
795:Associate of Science in Nursing
751:Associate of Science in Nursing
624:
474:Associate of Science in Nursing
393:Johns Hopkins School of Nursing
2313:Bachelor of Science in Nursing
1142:The British Journal of Nursing
1068:
1041:
1019:
1005:
979:
930:
916:
890:
800:Bachelor of Science in Nursing
756:Bachelor of Science in Nursing
482:Bachelor of Science in Nursing
411:Bachelor of Science in Nursing
13:
1:
2535:Psychiatric and mental health
1832:10.1016/s2155-8256(15)30783-3
1820:Journal of Nursing Regulation
1761:Journal of Addictions Nursing
1726:Smith, Katie (8 March 2012).
1048:Florence Nightingale Museum.
883:
742:Practical Nursing Certificate
640:interprofessional team skills
325:Nursing and Midwifery Council
187:in 1860 when she opened the '
2328:Master of Science in Nursing
1773:10.1097/JAN.0000000000000407
1590:Columbia School of Nursing.
1500:Goldmark, Josephine (1923).
1253:The Royal College of Nursing
1015:. La Trobe University. 2016.
820:Master of Science in Nursing
761:Master of Science in Nursing
534:as a study or training aid.
490:Master of Science in Nursing
228:(1880-1919) was mentored by
7:
2140:
1996:10.1590/1518-8345.1052.2718
1402:, Oxford University Press,
1100:Patrick, John (July 1944).
840:Timeline of nursing history
835:List of nursing credentials
782:
579:(LPNs) or the NCLEX-RN for
349:Sacramento State University
10:
2845:
2323:Doctor of Nursing Practice
1219:. University of Manchester
810:Doctor of Nursing Practice
766:Doctor of Nursing Practice
686:
659:competency-based education
494:Doctor of Nursing Practice
2772:
2649:
2616:
2583:
2480:Women's Health Care Nurse
2371:
2287:
2238:
2215:Clinical nurse specialist
2207:
2198:
2157:
2148:
2095:Eby; et al. (2021).
1893:10.1016/j.pmn.2020.07.001
1504:. The Macmillan Company.
577:Licensed Practical Nurses
504:Nursing degrees in the UK
281:Manchester Medical School
266:St Bartholomew's Hospital
157:World Health Organization
104:, nursing was seen as an
2659:International Nurses Day
2175:Licensed practical nurse
1622:St. Catherine University
959:: 122. 14 January 1956.
595:
521:United States curriculum
277:University of Manchester
82:Okinawa Central Hospital
2338:Nurse Licensure Compact
2059:Nursing Education Today
1880:Pain Management Nursing
1543:Yoost, Barbara (2016).
1374:waring.library.musc.edu
1348:waring.library.musc.edu
1105:Glasgow Medical Journal
1029:. King's College London
953:British Medical Journal
661:and assessment.
407:University of Minnesota
239:Nurse Registration Act.
207:Glasgow Royal Infirmary
165:University of Edinburgh
1191:McGann, Susan (1992).
1050:"Florence Nightingale"
965:10.1136/bmj.1.4958.121
715:nursing students 2006.
460:Nursing qualifications
435:Rockefeller Foundation
427:Yale School of Nursing
352:
150:Yale School of Nursing
108:, often undertaken in
93:
85:
84:Nursing School in 1946
2570:Travel health nursing
2170:Clinical nurse leader
1526:"Timeline of Nursing"
680:experiential learning
610:nursing care planning
488:degrees, followed by
342:
273:King's College London
193:King's College London
91:
79:
72:Historical background
2395:Correctional nursing
1304:The Nurse Apprentice
1302:Bradshaw, A (2001).
1275:The Nurse Apprentice
1273:Bradshaw, A (2001).
771:Doctor of Philosophy
592:growing occupation.
587:Continuing education
498:Doctor of Philosophy
480:then began to offer
397:Florence Nightingale
230:Florence Nightingale
177:Florence Nightingale
155:In November 1955, a
139:Ethel Gordon Fenwick
110:religious institutes
102:Florence Nightingale
2729:Republic of Ireland
2505:Occupational health
2495:Nursing informatics
2271:Psych/mental health
1679:"Registered Nurses"
729:Ringgold, Louisiana
671:academic misconduct
616:Nursing specialties
486:Bachelor of Nursing
449:Columbia University
226:The London Hospital
212:St. Mungo's College
181:St Thomas' Hospital
117:Valérie de Gasparin
66:Bachelor of Science
43:professional school
2593:Nursing assessment
2455:Legal consultation
2318:Diploma in Nursing
2303:Nightingale Pledge
2230:Nurse practitioner
1939:10.1111/gwao.12333
1685:on 15 October 2014
1598:on 9 December 2006
1217:"About the school"
1056:on 25 January 2007
805:Diploma in Nursing
746:Diploma in Nursing
675:Academic integrity
636:Medical simulation
602:nursing assessment
472:began offering an
470:Community colleges
466:Diploma in Nursing
353:
121:Agénor de Gasparin
94:
86:
51:college of nursing
27:Training of nurses
2829:Nursing education
2816:
2815:
2603:Nursing care plan
2598:Nursing diagnosis
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2251:Adult-gerontology
2239:NPs by population
2220:Nurse anesthetist
2200:Advanced practice
1571:. Yale University
1486:on 18 April 2015.
1417:978-0-19-861412-8
1197:. Scutari Press.
926:. dictionary.com.
847:Nursing schools:
606:nursing diagnosis
581:Registered Nurses
380:was founded with
133:L'École La Source
16:(Redirected from
2836:
2804:
2803:
2792:
2791:
2780:
2779:
2470:Medical-surgical
2373:Specialties and
2333:Board of nursing
2205:
2204:
2180:Registered nurse
2155:
2154:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2015:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1950:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1858:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1594:. Archived from
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1547:. Elsevier Inc.
1540:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1482:. Archived from
1476:
1470:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1314:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1188:
1179:
1176:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1052:. Archived from
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
983:
977:
976:
948:
942:
941:
934:
928:
927:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
904:on 19 April 2019
894:
773:in Nursing (PhD)
724:
709:
697:
657:with a focus on
548:Associate Degree
246:Military Nursing
143:higher education
119:and her Husband
21:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2768:
2645:
2618:
2617:Classification
2612:
2585:Nursing process
2579:
2420:Faith community
2385:Ambulatory care
2376:
2374:
2367:
2293:
2291:
2275:
2234:
2194:
2190:Nurse scientist
2150:
2144:
2139:
2109:
2108:
2093:
2089:
2070:
2066:
2051:
2047:
2034:
2033:
2029:
1976:
1972:
1923:
1919:
1872:
1868:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1842:
1808:
1804:
1753:
1746:
1736:
1734:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1657:
1646:
1641:. GOV.UK. 2015.
1637:
1636:
1629:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1541:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1498:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1376:
1368:Fox, Brooke E.
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1342:Fox, Brooke E.
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1166:
1160:
1153:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
984:
980:
950:
949:
945:
936:
935:
931:
922:
921:
917:
907:
905:
898:"Student Nurse"
896:
895:
891:
886:
844:
785:
739:
737:Degrees granted
732:
725:
716:
710:
701:
698:
689:
667:
627:
618:
598:
589:
523:
506:
462:
453:master's degree
333:
301:Standard Grades
216:William Macewen
191:', now part of
174:
161:Nursing Studies
74:
31:Nurse education
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2842:
2832:
2831:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2798:
2786:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2749:United Kingdom
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2608:Nursing theory
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2525:Perianesthesia
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2353:Nurse registry
2350:
2348:Nursing school
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2261:Women's health
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2185:Graduate nurse
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2087:
2078:Nurse Educator
2064:
2045:
2040:The Essentials
2027:
1970:
1933:(2): 197–213.
1917:
1866:
1802:
1744:
1718:
1696:
1670:
1644:
1627:
1609:
1582:
1560:
1553:
1535:
1517:
1510:
1489:
1471:
1457:
1443:
1429:
1416:
1386:
1360:
1334:
1309:
1306:. p. 225.
1294:
1280:
1277:. p. 173.
1265:
1239:
1230:
1208:
1180:
1164:
1151:
1132:
1092:
1067:
1040:
1018:
1004:
978:
943:
929:
915:
888:
887:
885:
882:
881:
880:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
843:
842:
837:
832:
830:Nursing school
827:
825:Nurse educator
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
790:Academic dress
786:
784:
781:
775:
774:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
735:
734:
733:
726:
719:
717:
711:
704:
702:
699:
692:
688:
685:
666:
663:
626:
623:
617:
614:
597:
594:
588:
585:
522:
519:
505:
502:
492:degrees, and
461:
458:
457:
456:
442:
420:
414:
400:
386:
382:Louisa Parsons
371:
364:
332:
329:
262:Annie McIntosh
203:Rebecca Strong
197:United Kingdom
173:
172:United Kingdom
170:
106:apprenticeship
73:
70:
47:nursing school
39:student nurses
26:
18:Nursing school
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2841:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2809:
2808:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2771:
2764:
2760:
2759:United States
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2615:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2545:Public health
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2530:Perioperative
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2400:Critical care
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Nurse midwife
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Student nurse
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2084:(2): 111–115.
2083:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1856:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:Alexander M,
1806:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1749:
1733:
1732:Nursing Times
1729:
1722:
1706:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1570:
1564:
1556:
1554:9780323295574
1550:
1546:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1513:
1511:9785882308154
1507:
1503:
1496:
1494:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1439:
1433:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1375:
1371:
1364:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1323:
1322:www.gla.ac.uk
1319:
1313:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1254:
1250:
1243:
1234:
1218:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1096:
1081:
1080:www.gla.ac.uk
1077:
1071:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1028:
1022:
1014:
1008:
993:
992:edit.ed.ac.uk
989:
982:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
947:
939:
933:
925:
919:
903:
899:
893:
889:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
846:
845:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
780:
779:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
741:
740:
730:
723:
718:
714:
708:
703:
696:
691:
690:
684:
681:
676:
672:
662:
660:
655:
651:
647:
643:
641:
637:
631:
622:
613:
611:
607:
603:
593:
584:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:United States
565:
563:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
539:
535:
533:
527:
518:
514:
510:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
454:
450:
446:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
408:
404:
401:
398:
394:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
368:
365:
362:
358:
355:
354:
350:
346:
341:
337:
331:United States
328:
326:
320:
318:
317:Access course
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
294:
290:
289:Briggs Report
285:
282:
278:
274:
269:
268:, 1910–1927.
267:
263:
259:
258:Maud McCarthy
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
217:
213:
208:
204:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
169:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
146:
144:
140:
135:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
98:
90:
83:
78:
69:
67:
62:
60:
56:
55:mental health
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
2805:
2794:
2781:
2734:South Africa
2540:Private duty
2288:
2208:APNs by role
2103:(16): 36–42.
2100:
2090:
2081:
2077:
2067:
2061:(61): 28–35.
2058:
2048:
2039:
2030:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1886:(1): 11–14.
1883:
1879:
1869:
1855:cite journal
1843:. Retrieved
1826:(3): 39–42.
1823:
1819:
1805:
1767:(2): 88–94.
1764:
1760:
1735:. Retrieved
1731:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1683:the original
1673:
1664:
1621:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1563:
1544:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1501:
1484:the original
1474:
1464:
1460:
1446:
1432:
1421:, retrieved
1399:
1389:
1377:. Retrieved
1373:
1363:
1351:. Retrieved
1347:
1337:
1325:. Retrieved
1321:
1312:
1303:
1297:
1283:
1274:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1252:
1242:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1211:
1193:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1083:. Retrieved
1079:
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1054:the original
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1021:
1007:
997:27 September
995:. Retrieved
991:
981:
956:
952:
946:
932:
918:
906:. Retrieved
902:the original
892:
777:
776:
668:
652:
648:
644:
632:
628:
625:Present aims
619:
599:
590:
566:
556:
540:
536:
528:
524:
515:
511:
507:
496:degrees. A
478:Universities
463:
444:
430:
422:
416:
402:
388:
373:
366:
356:
334:
321:
298:
286:
270:
264:, Matron of
250:Ethel Becher
224:, Matron of
220:
201:
175:
154:
147:
136:
114:
99:
95:
68:in nursing.
63:
50:
46:
38:
30:
29:
2807:WikiProject
2724:Philippines
2709:New Zealand
2565:Telenursing
2515:Orthopedics
2445:Home health
2158:Generalists
1845:27 December
1327:1 September
1111:(1): 8–11.
1085:27 December
938:"About YSN"
544:TEAS-V test
439:educational
351:in the USA.
345:nursing pin
129:Switzerland
45:known as a
2651:By country
2520:Pediatrics
2500:Obstetrics
2460:Management
2450:Hyperbaric
2435:Geriatrics
2256:Pediatrics
2149:Levels of
1602:2 February
1575:2 February
1423:6 February
1258:17 January
1223:2 February
1060:2 February
1033:24 October
884:References
731:, in 1942.
254:Sarah Oram
242:Eva Luckes
234:Eva Luckes
222:Eva Luckes
80:Nurses at
2684:Hong Kong
2664:Australia
2475:Midwifery
2415:Emergency
2410:Education
2375:areas of
2295:licensure
2289:Education
2004:0104-1169
1990:: e2718.
1965:150352761
1957:0968-6673
1812:Durham CF
1797:235267463
1781:1548-7148
1689:9 October
1665:nurse.org
1203:622730846
1117:0367-4800
1013:"Nursing"
986:Hookson.
973:220179210
815:HESI exam
115:In 1859,
59:pediatric
57:nursing,
2823:Category
2783:Category
2719:Pakistan
2713:timeline
2668:timeline
2560:Surgical
2510:Oncology
2490:Neonatal
2485:Military
2440:Holistic
2430:Forensic
2377:practice
2266:Neonatal
2151:practice
2022:27384469
1912:32763015
1840:70692711
1789:34060759
908:11 April
783:See also
313:A-Levels
131: :
125:Lausanne
2795:Commons
2763:history
2753:history
2679:Germany
2619:systems
2390:Cardiac
2142:Nursing
2042:. 2024.
2013:4964299
1903:9089290
1711:17 July
1379:2 April
1353:2 April
1148:. 1924.
1126:5955648
1027:"About"
687:Gallery
583:(RNs).
567:In the
445:In 1956
423:In 1923
417:By 1916
403:In 1909
385:States.
357:In 1873
309:Highers
163:at the
35:nursing
2744:Taiwan
2674:Canada
2550:School
2465:Matron
2425:Flight
2405:Dental
2246:Family
2020:
2010:
2002:
1963:
1955:
1910:
1900:
1838:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1737:19 May
1551:
1530:Aapacn
1508:
1414:
1201:
1162:2011).
1123:
1115:
971:
608:, and
552:Master
447:, the
425:, the
405:, the
359:, the
185:London
2739:Spain
2704:Kenya
2699:Japan
2689:India
2626:NANDA
2555:Space
2358:NCLEX
1961:S2CID
1836:S2CID
1793:S2CID
1466:About
969:S2CID
713:Czech
596:Scope
573:NCLEX
389:1889:
374:1889:
367:1883:
305:GCSEs
2694:Iran
2575:WOCN
2363:TEAS
2292:and
2018:PMID
2000:ISSN
1953:ISSN
1908:PMID
1861:link
1847:2015
1785:PMID
1777:ISSN
1739:2022
1713:2017
1691:2014
1604:2007
1577:2007
1549:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1425:2024
1412:ISBN
1381:2018
1355:2018
1329:2022
1260:2023
1225:2007
1199:OCLC
1113:ISSN
1087:2023
1062:2007
1035:2015
999:2016
910:2021
484:and
431:1923
391:The
376:The
343:The
256:and
2008:PMC
1992:doi
1943:hdl
1935:doi
1898:PMC
1888:doi
1828:doi
1769:doi
1404:doi
1121:PMC
1109:142
961:doi
49:of
2825::
2099:.
2082:46
2080:.
2076:.
2057:.
2038:.
2016:.
2006:.
1998:.
1988:24
1986:.
1982:.
1959:.
1951:.
1941:.
1931:26
1929:.
1906:.
1896:.
1884:22
1882:.
1878:.
1857:}}
1853:{{
1834:.
1822:.
1818:.
1791:.
1783:.
1775:.
1765:32
1763:.
1759:.
1747:^
1730:.
1663:.
1647:^
1630:^
1620:.
1528:.
1492:^
1410:,
1398:,
1372:.
1346:.
1320:.
1251:.
1183:^
1167:^
1154:^
1144:.
1119:.
1107:.
1078:.
990:.
967:.
955:.
604:,
252:,
248:,
218:.
183:,
127:,
2765:)
2761:(
2755:)
2751:(
2715:)
2711:(
2670:)
2666:(
2134:e
2127:t
2120:v
2024:.
1994::
1967:.
1945::
1937::
1914:.
1890::
1863:)
1849:.
1830::
1824:6
1799:.
1771::
1741:.
1715:.
1693:.
1667:.
1624:.
1606:.
1579:.
1557:.
1532:.
1514:.
1454:.
1440:.
1406::
1383:.
1357:.
1331:.
1291:.
1262:.
1227:.
1205:.
1146:3
1129:.
1089:.
1064:.
1037:.
1001:.
975:.
963::
957:1
912:.
311:/
303:/
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
