2567:"A few key features that highlight the position of Hindukush religion in between the IIr. , BMAC and Vedic religions will be summarized and discussed in some detail, as they by and large even now remain unknown to Vedic specialists, in spite of BUDDRUSS 1960 and the selective summary "d'un domaine mal connu des indianistes" by FUSSMAN (1977: 21-35), who, even with an "esprit hypercritique comme le nôtre" (1977: 27), overstresses (post-Vedic) Indian influences (1977: 69; for a balanced evaluation of the linguistic features, see now DEGENER 2002). However, both Hindukush and Vedic mythology, ritual, and festivals, in spite of many layers of developments and mutual influences, tend to explain each other very effectively; cf. the similar case of Nepal (Witzel 1997c: 520-32)."
106:
1885:
495:
2297:
1669:
97:
134:
86:
4300:
75:
117:
4747:
2013:
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1401:
185:
1390:
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3146:, and other members of Jawanan-e Musulman. Massoud's mission to Bhutto was to create unrest in northern Afghanistan. It served Massoud's interests, which were apparently opposition to the Soviets and independence for Afghanistan. Later, after Massoud and Hekmatyar had a terrible falling-out over Massoud's opposition to terrorist tactics and methods, Massoud overthrew from Jawanan-e Musulman. He joined
66:
2583:, p. 205): "Living in the high mountain valleys, the Nuristani retained their ancient culture and their religion, a form of ancient Hinduism with many customs and rituals developed locally. Certain deities were revered only by one tribe or community, but one deity was universally worshipped by all Nuristani as the Creator, the Hindu god Yama Raja, called
1773:
Since
Nuristan is a highly ethnically homogeneous province, there are few incidents of inter-ethnic violence. However, there are instances of disputes among inhabitants, some of which continue for decades. Nuristan has suffered from its inaccessibility and lack of infrastructure. The government
1817:
at Camp
Keating in Nuristan. The base was nearly overrun; more than 100 Taliban fighters, eight U.S. soldiers, and seven members of the Afghan security forces were killed during the fighting. Four days after the battle, in early October 2009, U.S. forces withdrew from their four main bases in
1564:
The name Kator was used by
Lagaturman, last king of the Turk Shahi. Apparently due to its usage by the last Turk-Shahi ruler, it was adopted as a title by the ruler of the north-west region of the Indian subcontinent, comprising Chitral and Kafiristan. The title "Shah Kator" was assumed by
1533:
considered them to be part of the old Indian population of
Eastern Afghanistan and stated they fled to the mountains after the Muslim invasion in the 10th century. He added they probably found other races there whom they killed off and enslaved or amalgamated with them.
1774:
presence is under-developed, even compared to neighboring provinces. Nuristan's formal educational sector is weak, with few professional teachers. Due to its proximity to
Pakistan, many of the inhabitants are actively involved in trade and commerce across the border.
1869:
In 2002 the first gender assessment of women's conditions in
Nuristan was completed. The overall literacy rate (6+ years of age) fell from 17.7% in 2005 to 17% in 2011. The overall net enrolment rate (6–13 years of age) increased from 8.7% in 2005 to 45% in 2011.
2620:
1822:
to pull troops out of small outposts and relocate them closer to major towns. The U.S. has pulled out from some areas in the past, but never from all four main bases. A month after the U.S. pullout the
Taliban was governing openly in Nuristan. According to
2359:
1509:
was known as "Puritan", a vast area containing a host of "Kafir" cultures and Indo-European languages that became
Islamized over a long period. Earlier, it was surrounded by Buddhist areas. The Islamization of the nearby
2597:, p. 111): "Prominent sites include Hadda, near Jalalabad, but Buddhism never seems to have penetrated the remote valleys of Nuristan, where the people continued to practise an early form of polytheistic Hinduism."
417:
in 1895, and thence the region has become known as
Nuristan ("land of illumination", or "land of light"). The region was located in an area surrounded by Buddhist civilizations which were later taken over by Muslims.
1498:" due to their enduring paganism while other regions around them became Muslim, after fear of consequences. However, the influence from district names in Kafiristan of Katwar or Kator and the ethnic name
1781:
produced in 2009 showed the western region of
Nuristan to be under "enemy control". There have been numerous conflicts between militants and U.S.-led Afghan security forces. In April 2008 members of the
1854:
The percentage of households with clean drinking water increased from 2% in 2005 to 12% in 2011. The percentage of births attended by a skilled birth attendant increased from 1% in 2005 to 22% in 2011.
1569:'s ruler Mohtaram Shah who assumed it upon being impressed by the majesty of the erstwhile pagan rulers of Chitral. The theory of Kators being related to Turki Shahis is based on the information of
383:
has been disputed, ranging from being the indigenous inhabitants forced to flee to this region after refusing to surrender to invaders, to being linked to various ancient groups of people and the
2848:
2388:
4206:
Jones, Schuyler (1966) An Annotated Bibliography of Nuristan (Kafiristan) and the Kalash Kafirs of Chitral, Part One. Royal Danish Academy of Sciences & Letters, Vol. 41, No. 3.
2652:
2448:
3606:
2478:
4200:
Jones, Schuyler (1974) "Men of Influence in Nuristan: A Study of Social Control & Dispute Settlement in Waigal Valley, Afghanistan." Seminar Press, London & New York.
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2413:
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3756:
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2403:
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2438:
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1646:. During this period, one of the most well known Afghan generals from this period, Abdul Wakil Khan, was born in Nuristan. He fought against the insurgent forces of
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2357:
Nuristan is where three young diplomats, American, English, and German visited in 1960 "...to penetrate a land that few westerners had set eyes on." Their book is
2282:
Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.
2443:
4169:
2541:: "Kafiristan, "Land of the Infidels," because the people there practiced an animist religion involving elaborate graves decorated with images carved of wood."
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1604:. He was seen as the brother of the god Gisht and father of Pano and the goddess Dishani. There were also many other minor gods worshiped in the region.
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2408:
1988:
1518:. The Buddhist states temporarily brought literacy and state rule into the region. The decline of Buddhism resulted in it becoming heavily isolated.
1431:
2858:
1188:
4270:
1728:
1139:
3192:
4212:
Akram, Mohammed (1947) Bibliographie de l'Afghanistan, I, ouvrages parus hors de l'Afghanistan. Centre de Documentation Universitaire, Paris.
2378:
147:
3607:
https://web.archive.org/web/20061007064340/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/bargi_matal.pdf
3439:
3807:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051027184117/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/nangarage.pdf
4878:
4656:
3278:
530:
4158:. The most accurate and comprehensive source on Nuristan, by the world's leading scholar on the languages and ethnic groups of Nuristan.
3707:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051027181619/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/kamdesh.pdf
2645:
3957:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180305/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/waygal.pdf
3857:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180239/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/paroon.pdf
3757:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180209/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/mandol.pdf
3657:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180140/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/du_aab.pdf
1720:
1364:
2577:, p. 182): "... the pagan Kafir pantheon, which has preserved the relics of the most ancient Indo-Iranian mythological concepts."
3907:
https://web.archive.org/web/20051027173923/http://www.aims.org.af/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/eastern/nuristan/wama.pdf
1174:
894:
3610:
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with Chandragupta by giving control of the territory south of the Hindu Kush to the Mauryas upon intermarriage and 500 elephants.
1631:
Nuristan was once thought to have been a region through which Alexander the Great passed with a detachment of his army; thus the
1089:
3710:
4411:
3960:
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kings. Some Nuristanis claim being descendants of the Greek occupying forces of Alexander the Great. It was formerly called
2547:, p. 107): "Their traditional shamanic religion is probably rooted in Indo-Iranian, pre-Zoroastrian Vedic traditions."
1424:
1697:
2893:
1471:
to the region, and were attempting to expand their empire to Central Asia until they faced local Greco-Bactrian forces.
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3504:
3304:
3003:
1642:
incorporated Nuristan into its territory via military conquest; this occurred around the same time as the beginning of
1369:
1359:
1352:
1109:
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by Joseph T. Kendrick (Author), Nicholas Barrington (Author), Reinhard Schlagintweit (Author), Sandy Gall (Foreword).
1643:
1312:
17:
4166:
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1514:
began in the 8th century and Peristan was surrounded by Muslim states in the 16th century with the Islamization of
1307:
3030:
4649:
1417:
1393:
1374:
1322:
1184:
474:
4183:
The Religions of the Hindukush: Vol 1: The Religions of the Kafirs: The Pre-islamic Heritage of Afghan Nuristan.
1581:. The region was also named after its ruling elite. The royal usage may be the origin behind the name of Kator.
4242:
4120:"Kalash Religion (extract from 'The Ṛgvedic Religious System and its Central Asian and Hindukush Antecedents')"
2305:
511:
1884:
4802:
4256:
3399:
2560:"an ancient, common substrate (TUITE 2000, cf. BENGTSON 1999, 2001, 2002). These must be separated from what
1735:
1170:
1059:
213:
4119:
1079:
4203:
Wilber, Donald N. (1968)Annotated Bibliography of Afghanistan. Human Relations Area Files, New Haven, Conn.
3413:
3251:
1891:
1337:
1159:
1129:
4187:
Edelberg, Lennart (1984) "Nuristani Buildings" Jutland Archaeological Society Publications, Vol. 18, 1984.
3536:
3229:
2853:
1879:
1672:
A U.S. soldier moving along a path overlooking the mountainside village of Aranas while on patrol in 2006
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570:
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3742:
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to the rest of Afghanistan. Other road projects were started aimed at improving the primitive road from
105:
4853:
4642:
2393:
1009:
502:
4209:
Kukhtina, Tatiyana I. (1965) Bibliografiya Afghanistana: Literatuyra na russkom yazyka. Nauka, Moscow.
4197:
Jones, Schuyler (1992) "Afghanistan" Vol. 135 of the World Bibliographical Series, Clio Press, Oxford.
4232:
4099:
Peacebuilding in Pakistan: A Study on the Religious Minorities and Initiatives for Interfaith Harmony
3515:
2331:
1898:
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520:
410:
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1982:
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298:
51:
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with the Muslim invasion. They identify themselves as late arrivals in Nuristan, being driven by
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4543:
1837:
1639:
1530:
1445:
1317:
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600:
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and the lack of safe roads. Some road construction projects were launched linking Nangarej to
4776:
4696:
3486:
3193:"Nuristan governor, contractor, and Afghanistan engineer district sign partnership agreement"
3127:
2428:
2423:
2048:
1933:
1849:
1791:
1763:
1712:
1487:
650:
335:
1829:, Nuristan is "a place so tough that NATO abandoned it in 2010 after failing to subdue it."
1684:(ANA) during a U.S.-led patrol in Wadawu valley during Operation Silver Creek in August 2009
494:
2433:
1948:
1921:
1809:
In the following year, in early October, more than 350 insurgents backed by members of the
1681:
1571:
402:
1529:
of Persia, the Greek soldiers of Alexander as well as the Indians of eastern Afghanistan.
8:
4868:
4797:
4438:
4292:
4066:
3309:
3147:
3143:
2520:
2296:
1917:
1795:
1747:
1689:
1521:
There have been varying theories about the origins of Kafirs including the Arab tribe of
1460:
1456:
1347:
1327:
365:
303:
4622:
4588:
4548:
4305:
4248:
3393:
3139:
3135:
2318:
1938:
1819:
1739:
1693:
1668:
1494:- or Hindu-like) religion infused with locally developed accretions. They were called "
1472:
1405:
884:
754:
699:
620:
1537:
Oral traditions of some of the Nuristanis place themselves to be at the confluence of
4817:
4721:
4716:
4583:
4573:
4508:
4463:
4337:
4145:. 1st Edition: 1970. 2nd Edition. Revised and Enlarged. Afghan Tourist Organization.
4083:
4041:
4018:
3979:
3929:
3879:
3829:
3779:
3729:
3679:
3629:
3575:
3314:
3208:
3108:
3081:
3036:
3009:
2156:
2086:
1953:
1814:
1759:
1708:
1611:
in 1896 and most of the people were converted either by force or did so to avoid the
1608:
1332:
814:
784:
560:
369:
3339:
1897:
As of 2021, the total population of the province is about 166,676. According to the
429:
mountains in the northeastern part of the country, Nuristan spans the basins of the
4812:
4706:
4598:
4568:
4533:
4498:
4488:
4448:
4443:
4376:
3168:"Nuristan: Insurgent Hideout in Afghanistan, Terrorism Monitor, Volume 3, Issue 10"
3056:
2950:
2680:
2139:
2094:
1970:
1943:
1902:
1888:
1751:
1558:
1267:
904:
834:
540:
438:
357:
352:
and is Afghanistan's least populous province, with a population of around 167,000.
96:
85:
2933:
2762:
2339:
inspired by it are set in "Kafiristan" (the earlier name of pre-Islamic Nuristan).
4736:
4711:
4593:
4578:
4563:
4553:
4528:
4513:
4478:
4473:
4458:
4178:
4173:
4108:
Indo-European Ornamental Complexes and their Analogies in the Cultures of Eurasia
4056:
3151:
2351:
2326:
2211:
2118:
1976:
1928:
1803:
1799:
1743:
1591:
1577:
1099:
824:
660:
610:
580:
392:
307:
4228:
2797:
2795:
4726:
4701:
4603:
4538:
4523:
4518:
4503:
4493:
4468:
4453:
4383:
4191:
4115:
2942:
2934:
2878:
2750:
2347:
2164:
2069:
1755:
1651:
1550:
1029:
954:
944:
864:
844:
774:
680:
630:
361:
2831:"Fence of Peristan – The Islamization of the "Kafirs" and Their Domestication"
2206:
100% Nuristani. Lost territory to Parun District and Nurgram District in 2004
1561:
who after establishing his empire forced the unsubmissive population to flee.
74:
4847:
4731:
4483:
3318:
2938:
2792:
2190:
2001:
1825:
1734:
Nuristan is one of the poorest and most remote provinces of Afghanistan. Few
1716:
1554:
1464:
1277:
1232:
1019:
999:
979:
874:
804:
640:
590:
458:
430:
162:
149:
3126:
To launch this plan, Bhutto recruited and trained a group of Afghans in the
2876:[Nuristan province in Afghanistan was declared as a national park].
2134:
99% Nuristani, 1% Gujar and Tajik. Lost territory to Du Ab District in 2004
1635:
that the Nuristani people are descendants of Alexander (or "his generals").
4675:
4396:
4032:
Barrington, Nicholas; Kendrick, Joseph T.; Schlagintweit, Reinhard (2006).
1750:
to Titan Dara. The Afghan government also worked on a direct road route to
1724:
1596:
1476:
1252:
989:
934:
764:
454:
116:
4746:
2912:
2012:
4037:
1964:
1701:
1688:
Since the creation of Pakistan in 1947, Afghan politicians (particularly
1632:
1542:
1538:
1499:
1272:
1199:
734:
689:
442:
190:
1700:
of what is now Pakistan. This has led to militancy on both sides of the
4832:
4807:
4792:
2310:
2257:
1813:
and other militia groups fought U.S.-led Afghan security forces in the
1511:
1287:
1262:
1257:
914:
854:
709:
434:
426:
388:
384:
380:
356:
serves as the provincial capital. Nuristan is bordered on the south by
348:, located in the eastern part of the country. It is divided into seven
4194:(1979) "Nuristan" Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, Austria
2906:
4822:
4761:
2483:
1994:
1515:
1227:
924:
670:
422:
270:
265:
4634:
2830:
2185:
100% Nuristani. Established in 2004, formerly part of Wama District
4317:
4079:
3131:
2755:"Richard Strand's Nuristân Site: Peoples and Languages of Nuristan"
2651:. National Statistic and Information Authority (NSIA). April 2021.
1767:
1625:
1546:
1545:
a millennium ago. These traditions state they were driven off from
1468:
1247:
373:
288:
3594:
3005:
The Roots of Hinduism: The Early Aryans and the Indus Civilization
4771:
4766:
4034:
A Passage to Nuristan: Exploring the Mysterious Afghan Hinterland
4014:
Games without Rules: The Often-Interrupted History of Afghanistan
2968:. Historical Research Institute; Oriental Publishers. p. 65.
2360:
A Passage to Nuristan: Exploring the Mysterious Afghan Hinterland
2099:
1833:
1522:
1506:
1483:
1242:
794:
450:
406:
3380:. 29 October 2009. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009
2004:/Pashto are used as second and third languages in the province.
4076:
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
4031:
3374:"South Asia news, business and economy from India and Pakistan"
2801:
2594:
2265:
2261:
2085:
99% Nuristani, 1% Gujar. Established in 2004, formerly part of
1910:
1906:
1676:
1584:
The high god of the pre-Islamic Nuristani religion was the god
1282:
1237:
446:
421:
The primary occupations are agriculture, animal husbandry, and
327:
3219:, Headquarters US Central Command, News Release, June 13, 2006
1482:
Before their conversion to Islam, the Nuristanis practiced an
4680:
2987:. Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia,
2713:. Centre for the Study of the Civilizations of Central Asia,
2170:
1916:
Approximately 90% of the population speak the following five
1613:
1601:
1495:
550:
414:
353:
200:
3414:"Taliban govern openly in Nuristan | FDD's Long War Journal"
3363:, Matthew Cox and Michelle Tan, Army Times, November 3, 2009
3332:
3252:"Taliban govern openly in Nuristan | FDD's Long War Journal"
3104:
The Gem Hunter: The Adventures of an American in Afghanistan
2894:"Residents Welcome Designation of National Park in Nuristan"
1754:, in order to reduce dependence on the road through restive
413:- or Hindu-like) religion infused with local variations, to
65:
3061:
Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Volume 6
2685:
Historical and Political Gazetteer of Afghanistan, Volume 6
1586:
1526:
3063:. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt Graz. p. 361.
2874:"ولایت نورستان در افغانستان به عنوان پارک ملی اعلام گردید"
457:. As of 2020, the entirety of Nuristan is now a protected
449:
and it has a rich biodiversity with a domestically unique
4215:
Robertson, Sir George S. (1900) The Kafirs of Hindu-Kush.
2849:"Afghanistan Bright Spot: Wildlife Thriving in War Zones"
2623:[Vice-Governor of Nuristan visited Vant Weigel].
1802:
just south of Nuristan, near the village of Wanat in the
4278:
2911:. American International School of Kabul. Archived from
2782:
2780:
4155:
2837:. Società Italiana di Antropologia e Etnologia: 69, 77.
2531:
2529:
2316:
Nuristan was the location of three of the missions in
2155:
100% Nuristani. Established in 2004, formerly part of
401:) ("Land of the Infidels") until the inhabitants were
2777:
1770:
in Kunar province to the provincial center at Parun.
1650:
and was buried on the same plateau where Afghan king
4612:
4105:
3165:
3080:. University of California Press. pp. 142–143.
2979:
Dr. Hussain Khan. "The Genesis of the Royal Title".
2828:
2807:
2726:
2724:
2705:
Dr. Hussain Khan. "The Genesis of the Royal Title".
2574:
2526:
3077:
Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban
2963:
2367:
1723:, which was supported by Pakistan nationalists and
445:rivers. Most of Nuristan is covered by mountainous
3305:"8 U.S. Troops Killed in Siege of Afghan Outpost"
3303:Jaffe, Joshua Partlow and Greg (5 October 2009).
2749:
2721:
4884:Provinces of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
4845:
3580:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3213:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3055:
2679:
2519:The Kamkata-vari language is the largest of the
1607:The region was invaded by forces of Afghan Amir
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3296:
2907:Nancy Hatch Dupree / Aḥmad ʻAlī Kuhzād (1972).
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
1960:The main Nuristani tribes in the province are:
1707:Nuristan was the scene of some of the heaviest
3562:. Archived from the original on 7 October 2010
3107:. United States: GeoVision, Inc. p. 100.
2621:"د نورستان مرستیال والي وانټ وایګل ته سفر وکړ"
2595:Barrington, Kendrick & Schlagintweit (2006
4650:
4412:
4264:
2871:
2802:Barrington, Kendrick & Schlagintweit 2006
2646:"Estimated Population of Afghanistan 2021–22"
1425:
4426:
4218:کشمکش های تاریخی و سرنوشت قبیله الکته (۱۴۰۰)
3595:Afghanistan Geographic & Thematic Layers
3458:
2978:
2736:
2704:
1624:, a reflection of the "enlightening" of the
138:Map of Afghanistan with Nuristan highlighted
4125:. In A. Griffiths; J. E. M. Houben (eds.).
4106:Vinogradov, A.G.; Zharnikova, S.V. (2020).
3361:Kamdesh ambush played out like Wanat battle
3195:. Archived from the original on 8 July 2007
2824:
2822:
1800:Taliban guerrillas attacked a NATO position
1505:The area extending from modern Nuristan to
4874:States and territories established in 2001
4657:
4643:
4419:
4405:
4271:
4257:
3512:Program for Culture & Conflict Studies
3440:"Pakistan's border badlands: Double games"
3073:
2835:Archivio per l'Antropologia e la Etnologia
1836:gained control of the province during the
1721:Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan
1628:Nuristani by the "light-giving" of Islam.
1432:
1418:
409:religion with elements from Indo-Iranian (
397:
339:
331:
42:
3222:
3166:Daan Van Der Schriek, ed. (26 May 2005).
3150:'s newly created Afghan political party,
2909:"An Historical Guide to Kabul – The Name"
2700:
2698:
1620:The region was renamed Nuristan, meaning
239:9,225.0 km (3,561.8 sq mi)
4054:
3100:
3094:
3008:. Oxford University Press. p. 143.
2966:The Shahis of Afghanistan and the Punjab
2819:
2813:
2675:
2673:
2295:
2011:
1956:are used by about 15% of the population.
1883:
1675:
1667:
425:. Located on the southern slopes of the
4129:. Groningen: Forsten. pp. 581–636.
4096:
4073:
3551:
3549:
3001:
2786:
2580:
2544:
1818:Nuristan, as part of a plan by General
14:
4846:
4114:
4010:
3279:"Taliban Claim to Seize American Arms"
3276:
3028:
2730:
2695:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2550:
2538:
2300:Northern Afghanistan by Kamran Shukoor
1738:'s operate in Nuristan because of the
4664:
4638:
4400:
4252:
4127:The Vedas: Texts, Language and Ritual
3302:
2947:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Volume IV
2689:Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt
2670:
2289:
1600:. Another god was Indr, derived from
4286:
4279:Places adjacent to Nuristan Province
3546:
3067:
2342:Nuristan is the setting of the book
2303:Nuristan is the subject of the book
4222:
3497:
3277:Mackey, Robert (12 November 2009).
2900:
2631:
2389:Lt. Col. Jamaluddin Khan Nuristani
1698:Federally Administered Tribal Areas
1692:) have been focused on re-annexing
396:
24:
4879:2001 establishments in Afghanistan
4151:Richard F. Strand. (1997–present)
4143:An Historical Guide to Afghanistan
4135:
4065:(Online ed.). United States:
3340:"Heavy US losses in Afghan battle"
1798:. In July 2008, approximately 200
1731:(Taliban rule) in the late 1990s.
25:
4895:
2658:from the original on 24 June 2021
2575:Vinogradov & Zharnikova (2020
1715:. The province was influenced by
1664:War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
1657:
1644:European influence in Afghanistan
4745:
4615:
4365:
4351:
4343:
4326:
4310:
4298:
3230:"Taliban fighters storm US base"
3032:Dictionary of Gods and Goddesses
2368:Notable people from the province
1905:, 10% Pashtuns and less than 3%
1450:
1399:
1389:
1388:
493:
183:
132:
115:
104:
95:
84:
73:
64:
3949:
3899:
3849:
3799:
3749:
3699:
3649:
3599:
3588:
3529:
3479:
3432:
3406:
3366:
3354:
3270:
3244:
3185:
3159:
3049:
3029:Jordan, Michael (14 May 2014).
3022:
2995:
2972:
2957:
2927:
2886:
2865:
2841:
2276:
2230:
2021:Districts of Nuristan Province
1873:
1779:Afghan Ministry of the Interior
453:climate by air coming from the
4243:Institute for the Study of War
4153:Richard Strand's Nuristan Site
2857:. 14 July 2011. Archived from
2613:
2513:
2306:A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush
1729:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
13:
1:
4366:
4327:
3138:. Among these young men were
2829:Alberto M. Cacopardo (2016).
2606:
2449:General Sarwar Khan Nuristani
2309:by the British travel writer
1843:
1786:led Afghan soldiers from the
1590:, derived from the Hindu god
1455:The surrounding area fell to
4864:History of Nuristan Province
4352:
4344:
4141:Dupree, Nancy Hatch (1977):
3557:"Nurstan Provincial Profile"
3473:"Afghanistan Provincial Map"
3136:North-west Frontier Province
2964:Deena Bandhu Pandey (1973).
2479:Lt. Col. Nazar Muhammad Khan
2007:
1858:
1486:religion with elements from
1459:in 330 BC. It later fell to
223: • Deputy Governor
7:
2854:National Geographic Society
2489:
1880:Demographics of Afghanistan
1806:, killing 9 U.S. soldiers.
1365:Hindu and Buddhist heritage
1175:Transitional Administration
745:Principality of Chaghaniyan
364:provinces, on the north by
10:
4900:
4074:Minahan, James B. (2014).
4003:
3101:Bowersox, Gary W. (2004).
2414:Hafeez Nuristani Nuristani
2394:Mohammad Qassim Jangulbagh
1877:
1862:
1847:
1711:fighting during the 1980s
1661:
1475:is said to have reached a
1443:
1221:Related historical regions
464:
4785:
4754:
4743:
4687:
4672:
4610:
4434:
4284:
4233:Naval Postgraduate School
4161:M. Klimburg. NURISTAN in
3516:Naval Postgraduate School
3398:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3035:. Infobase. p. 138.
2591:by the Nuristani tribes."
2404:Tamim Nuristani Nuristani
2332:The Man Who Would Be King
1899:Naval Postgraduate School
1727:. It dissolved under the
1638:In the 19th century, the
1502:has also been suggested.
521:Indus Valley civilisation
297:
287:
277:
264:
256:
248:
243:
235:
230:
222:
211:
206:
196:
178:
143:
131:
58:
49:
37:
4859:Provinces of Afghanistan
4428:Provinces of Afghanistan
4190:Edelberg, Lennart &
2506:
2501:Provinces of Afghanistan
2496:Geography of Afghanistan
2439:Col. Issa Khan Nuristani
2399:Col. Pacha Gul Nuristani
2384:Ex. Mayor of Kabul Akbar
1865:Education in Afghanistan
1790:into the Shok valley in
1784:3rd Special Forces Group
1040:Principality of Qandahar
379:The origin of the local
346:provinces of Afghanistan
41:
4172:1 February 2010 at the
4097:Ruhland, Heike (2019).
3154:, in exile in Pakistan.
2989:Quaid-i-Azam University
2981:Journal of Central Asia
2715:Quaid-i-Azam University
2707:Journal of Central Asia
1811:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
1792:an unsuccessful attempt
1622:Land of the enlightened
340:
32:Province in Afghanistan
27:Province of Afghanistan
4828:Nuristan National Park
4055:Klimberg, Max (2004).
4011:Ansary, Tamim (2014).
3418:www.longwarjournal.org
3256:www.longwarjournal.org
3002:Parpola, Asko (2015).
2535:Pre-Islamic religion:
2474:Col. Jan Muhammad Khan
2459:Col. Din Mohammad Khan
2301:
2017:
1894:
1838:2021 Taliban offensive
1685:
1673:
1640:Emirate of Afghanistan
1594:, and was also called
1531:George Scott Robertson
1446:History of Afghanistan
1406:Afghanistan portal
1343:List of heads of state
601:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
3491:inclusivesecurity.org
2861:on 15 September 2019.
2484:Abdul Wahid Nuristani
2444:Khalilullah Nuristani
2429:Abdul Qadir Nuristani
2424:Ahmad Yusuf Nuristani
2299:
2016:Districts of Nuristan
2015:
1934:Kamkata-viri language
1892:groups in Afghanistan
1887:
1878:Further information:
1863:Further information:
1850:Health in Afghanistan
1848:Further information:
1679:
1671:
1662:Further information:
1444:Further information:
651:Indo-Parthian kingdom
631:Indo-Scythian kingdom
372:, and on the east by
260:18/km (47/sq mi)
4163:Encyclopædia Iranica
4062:Encyclopædia Iranica
2753:(31 December 2005).
2564:appear to be Vedic."
2434:Mohammed Nadir Atash
2374:Gen. Abdu Wakil Khan
2089:and Mandol District
1949:Kalasha-ala language
1682:Afghan National Army
344:), is one of the 34
257: • Density
218:Hafiz Muhammad Aagha
4798:Nuristani languages
4293:Badakhshan Province
4067:Columbia University
3505:"Nuristan Province"
3310:The Washington Post
3144:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
3074:Nile Green (2017).
2872:Reza Shirmohammad.
2521:Nuristani languages
2454:Col. Noorullah Khan
2022:
1922:Indo-Aryan language
1918:Nuristani languages
1796:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
1794:to capture warlord
1690:Mohammed Daoud Khan
1648:Habibullāh Kalakāni
1461:Chandragupta Maurya
1457:Alexander the Great
1110:Democratic Republic
366:Badakhshan province
304:Nuristani languages
159: /
4623:Afghanistan portal
4306:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
3966:on 27 October 2005
3916:on 27 October 2005
3866:on 27 October 2005
3816:on 27 October 2005
3766:on 27 October 2005
3716:on 27 October 2005
3666:on 27 October 2005
3420:. 12 November 2009
3258:. 12 November 2009
2691:Graz. p. 348.
2321:2: Silent Assassin
2302:
2290:In popular culture
2159:and Wama District
2020:
2018:
1939:Vasi-vari language
1895:
1820:Stanley McChrystal
1740:Taliban insurgency
1694:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1686:
1674:
1313:Political violence
1120:Tanai coup attempt
755:Rashidun Caliphate
700:Hephthalite Empire
621:Indo-Greek kingdom
403:forcibly converted
318:, also spelled as
273:(Afghanistan Time)
249: • Total
236: • Total
4854:Nuristan Province
4841:
4840:
4818:Landai Sin Valley
4666:Nuristan Province
4632:
4631:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4349:Nuristan Province
4338:Panjshir Province
4239:Nuristan Province
4229:Nuristan Province
4101:. Waxmann Verlag.
4017:. PublicAffairs.
3987:Missing or empty
3937:Missing or empty
3887:Missing or empty
3837:Missing or empty
3787:Missing or empty
3737:Missing or empty
3687:Missing or empty
3637:Missing or empty
3616:on 7 October 2006
3378:Asia Times Online
2937:; E. Van Donzel;
2915:on 30 August 2010
2751:Richard F. Strand
2469:Col. Jan Gul Khan
2419:Abdul Hai Warshan
2272:
2271:
2157:Nuristan District
2087:Nuristan District
1954:Pashayi languages
1920:, as well as one
1815:Battle of Kamdesh
1713:Soviet–Afghan War
1609:Abdur Rahman Khan
1578:Tarikh-i-Binakiti
1572:Jami- ut-Tawarikh
1442:
1441:
1333:Afghan (ethnonym)
1308:Political history
1212:
1211:
1060:Saqqawist Emirate
1010:Sadozai Sultanate
963:
962:
749:7th–8th centuries
718:
717:
571:Macedonian Empire
561:Achaemenid Empire
531:Oxus civilization
370:Panjshir province
368:, on the west by
313:
312:
226:Sheikh Ismatullah
197:Provincial center
126:Nuristan Province
18:Nurestan Province
16:(Redirected from
4891:
4813:Landai Sin River
4755:Populated places
4749:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4636:
4635:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4398:
4397:
4377:Laghman Province
4369:
4368:
4355:
4354:
4347:
4346:
4330:
4329:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4287:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4250:
4249:
4223:External sources
4130:
4124:
4111:
4102:
4093:
4070:
4051:
4028:
3997:
3996:
3990:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3959:. Archived from
3953:
3947:
3946:
3940:
3935:
3933:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3909:. Archived from
3903:
3897:
3896:
3890:
3885:
3883:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3865:
3859:. Archived from
3853:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3815:
3809:. Archived from
3803:
3797:
3796:
3790:
3785:
3783:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3759:. Archived from
3753:
3747:
3746:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3709:. Archived from
3703:
3697:
3696:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3659:. Archived from
3653:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3609:. Archived from
3603:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3579:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3561:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3509:
3501:
3495:
3494:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3469:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3436:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3410:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3370:
3364:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3342:. 4 October 2009
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3134:, in Pakistan's
3123:
3121:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3057:Ludwig W. Adamec
3053:
3047:
3046:
3026:
3020:
3019:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2920:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2845:
2839:
2838:
2826:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2790:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2761:. Archived from
2747:
2734:
2728:
2719:
2718:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2681:Ludwig W. Adamec
2677:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2650:
2642:
2629:
2628:
2617:
2600:
2533:
2524:
2517:
2464:Col. Haroon Khan
2409:Jamaluddin Bader
2283:
2280:
2227:100% Nuristani.
2113:100% Nuristani.
2064:100% Nuristani.
2023:
2019:
1973:or Kalasha (30%)
1944:Tregami language
1788:Commando Brigade
1752:Laghman province
1559:Mahmud of Ghazni
1434:
1427:
1420:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1375:Muslim conquests
1360:Hinduism history
1323:Economic history
1207:
1185:Islamic Republic
976:
975:
905:Chagatai Khanate
731:
730:
671:Kidarite kingdom
541:Gandhara kingdom
517:
516:
497:
487:
469:
468:
400:
399:
381:Nuristani people
343:
333:
189:
187:
186:
174:
173:
171:
170:
169:
164:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
136:
119:
108:
99:
88:
77:
68:
44:
35:
34:
21:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4888:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4781:
4750:
4741:
4683:
4668:
4663:
4633:
4628:
4621:
4616:
4614:
4608:
4430:
4425:
4395:
4390:
4356:
4311:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4280:
4277:
4225:
4174:Wayback Machine
4138:
4136:Further reading
4133:
4122:
4116:Witzel, Michael
4090:
4048:
4025:
4006:
4001:
4000:
3988:
3986:
3977:
3976:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3938:
3936:
3927:
3926:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3888:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3838:
3836:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3817:
3813:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3788:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3738:
3736:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3688:
3686:
3677:
3676:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3638:
3636:
3627:
3626:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3589:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3539:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3471:
3470:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3301:
3297:
3287:
3285:
3275:
3271:
3261:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3206:
3205:
3198:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3164:
3160:
3152:Jamiat-i-Islami
3119:
3117:
3115:
3099:
3095:
3088:
3072:
3068:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3027:
3023:
3016:
3000:
2996:
2977:
2973:
2962:
2958:
2932:
2928:
2918:
2916:
2905:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2870:
2866:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2808:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2765:on 1 April 2019
2748:
2737:
2729:
2722:
2703:
2696:
2678:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2632:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2534:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2492:
2370:
2352:Clinton Romesha
2329:'s short story
2327:Rudyard Kipling
2292:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2039:
2010:
1997:or Parsoon (4%)
1929:Askunu language
1889:Ethnolinguistic
1882:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1846:
1804:Waygal District
1777:A map from the
1680:Members of the
1666:
1660:
1453:
1448:
1438:
1400:
1398:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1200:Islamic Emirate
1140:Islamic Emirate
1100:Saur Revolution
973:
965:
964:
895:Mongol Invasion
869:before 879–1215
728:
720:
719:
661:Sasanian Empire
645:135 BC – 248 AD
611:Parthian Empire
581:Seleucid Empire
514:
485:
478:
467:
306:
283:
184:
182:
167:
165:
163:35.25°N 70.75°E
161:
158:
153:
150:
148:
146:
145:
139:
127:
124:
123:
122:
121:
120:
111:
110:
109:
101:
100:
91:
90:
89:
80:
79:
78:
70:
69:
54:
45:
40:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4693:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4673:
4670:
4669:
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4384:Kunar Province
4381:
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4360:
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4192:Schuyler Jones
4188:
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3496:
3487:"Wazhma Frogh"
3478:
3457:
3446:. 12 July 2014
3431:
3405:
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2971:
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2953:. p. 409.
2943:Charles Pellat
2935:C. E. Bosworth
2926:
2899:
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2879:Deutsche Welle
2864:
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2818:
2806:
2804:, p. 111.
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2027:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1979:or Wamai (12%)
1974:
1968:
1967:or Katta (38%)
1958:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1875:
1872:
1860:
1857:
1845:
1842:
1756:Kunar province
1659:
1658:Recent history
1656:
1652:Amanullah Khan
1452:
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1370:Jewish history
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1301:Related topics
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4089:9781610690188
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4047:9781845111755
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3444:The Economist
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3141:
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3114:0-9747-3231-1
3110:
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3089:
3087:9780520294134
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3042:9781438109855
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3015:9780190226923
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2939:Bernard Lewis
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2814:Klimberg 2004
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2759:nuristan.info
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2581:Minahan (2014
2579:
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2557:
2556:
2553:, p. 2):
2552:
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2545:Ruhland (2019
2543:
2540:
2539:Ansary (2014)
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2014:
2005:
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1996:
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1987:
1984:
1981:
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1893:
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1832:In 2021, the
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:The Economist
1821:
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1717:Mawlawi Afzal
1714:
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1451:Early history
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1338:List of years
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1278:Paropamisadae
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1160:Islamic State
1158:
1157:
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1138:
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1133:
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1130:Islamic State
1128:
1127:
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1038:
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1028:
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1023:
1021:
1020:Afsharid Iran
1018:
1017:
1013:
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1008:
1007:
1003:
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1000:Hotak dynasty
998:
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642:
641:Kushan Empire
639:
638:
634:
632:
629:
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624:
622:
619:
618:
615:247 BC–224 AD
614:
612:
609:
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591:Maurya Empire
589:
588:
584:
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579:
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551:Median Empire
549:
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459:national park
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289:ISO 3166 code
286:
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144:Coordinates:
142:
135:
130:
118:
107:
98:
87:
76:
67:
57:
53:
48:
36:
30:
19:
4697:Barg-i Matal
4674:
4665:
4558:
4348:
4182:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4126:
4107:
4098:
4075:
4060:
4033:
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3961:the original
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3255:
3246:
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3232:. Al Jazeera
3224:
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2919:18 September
2917:. Retrieved
2913:the original
2902:
2888:
2877:
2867:
2859:the original
2852:
2843:
2834:
2809:
2787:Minahan 2014
2767:. Retrieved
2763:the original
2758:
2710:
2706:
2684:
2660:. Retrieved
2624:
2615:
2588:
2584:
2561:
2551:Witzel (2004
2515:
2358:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2278:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2233:
2232:
2169:
2049:Barg-i Matal
2000:
1985:or Kom (10%)
1959:
1915:
1896:
1874:Demographics
1868:
1853:
1831:
1824:
1808:
1776:
1772:
1764:Barg-i Matal
1733:
1725:Saudi Arabia
1706:
1687:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1576:
1570:
1563:
1549:to Kabul to
1536:
1520:
1504:
1488:Indo-Iranian
1481:
1477:peace treaty
1454:
1353:List of wars
1202:(reinstated)
1162:(reinstated)
535:2100–1800 BC
525:2200–1800 BC
455:Indian Ocean
420:
378:
336:Kamkata-vari
323:
319:
315:
314:
168:35.25; 70.75
29:
4038:I.B. Tauris
2731:Ansary 2014
2717:: 111, 112.
2379:Gen. Ghorzi
2344:Red Platoon
2264:, <0.1%
2032:Population
1909:and ethnic
1766:, and from
1702:Durand Line
1654:is buried.
1633:folk legend
1543:Kunar River
1539:Kabul River
1467:introduced
1273:Kushanshahr
1150:US invasion
885:Khwarezmids
735:Kabul Shahi
690:Alchon Huns
545:1500–535 BC
486:Afghanistan
484:History of
278:Postal Code
191:Afghanistan
166: /
4869:Hindu Kush
4848:Categories
4833:Pech River
4808:Kafiristan
4793:Nuristanis
4439:Badakhshan
4057:"NURISTAN"
3970:22 January
3920:22 January
3870:22 January
3820:22 January
3770:22 January
3720:22 January
3670:22 January
3620:22 January
3537:"Programs"
3521:21 October
3424:22 January
3384:7 February
3346:22 January
3324:22 January
3288:22 January
3262:22 January
3177:22 October
3128:Bala-Hesar
2607:References
2350:recipient
2311:Eric Newby
1903:Nuristanis
1901:, 87% are
1844:Healthcare
1748:Chapa Dara
1512:Badakhshan
1288:Zabulistan
1263:Kafiristan
1258:Kabulistan
1080:Daoud coup
915:Qarlughids
855:Ghaznavids
765:Tang China
710:Nezak Huns
635:155–80? BC
605:256–125 BC
595:305–180 BC
585:312–150 BC
575:330–312 BC
565:550–330 BC
555:728–550 BC
439:Landai Sin
427:Hindu Kush
389:Kafiristan
385:Turk Shahi
244:Population
207:Government
4823:Mir Samir
4803:Governors
4762:Bagalgrom
4689:Districts
4589:Sar-e Pol
4549:Nangarhar
3394:cite news
3319:0190-8286
3172:Jamestown
3120:22 August
2258:Nuristani
2026:District
2008:Districts
1859:Education
1709:guerrilla
1516:Baltistan
1228:Arachosia
1194:2004–2021
1179:2001–2004
1144:1996–2001
1134:1992–1996
1114:1978–1992
1094:1973–1978
1074:1926–1973
1054:1823–1926
1044:1818–1855
1034:1747–1823
1024:1738–1747
1014:1716–1732
1004:1709–1738
994:1510–1709
984:1501–1738
959:1520–1591
949:1370–1507
939:1245–1381
929:1256–1335
925:Ilkhanate
919:1224–1266
909:1226–1245
899:1219–1226
889:1215–1231
879:1037–1194
835:Saffarids
625:180–90 BC
423:day labor
350:districts
324:Nooristan
266:Time zone
4777:Peshawar
4722:Nuristan
4717:Nurgaram
4584:Samangan
4574:Panjshir
4559:Nuristan
4509:Kandahar
4464:Daykundi
4318:Pakistan
4170:Archived
4118:(2004).
4080:ABC-CLIO
3980:cite web
3930:cite web
3880:cite web
3830:cite web
3780:cite web
3730:cite web
3680:cite web
3630:cite web
3576:cite web
3283:The Lede
3209:cite web
3132:Peshawar
3059:(1985).
2945:(eds.).
2683:(1985).
2653:Archived
2490:See also
2335:and the
2234:Nuristan
2040:density
1768:Nangalam
1696:and the
1547:Kandahar
1473:Seleucus
1469:Buddhism
1394:Category
1268:Khorasan
1248:Gandhara
1189:politics
1090:Republic
990:Safavids
945:Timurids
859:963–1187
845:Samanids
825:Tahirids
815:Abbasids
785:Umayyads
727:Medieval
503:Timeline
475:a series
473:Part of
405:from an
398:كافرستان
374:Pakistan
341:Nuriston
320:Nurestan
316:Nuristan
271:UTC+4:30
214:Governor
52:Province
39:Nuristan
4772:Pesawur
4767:Kamdesh
4707:Kamdesh
4676:Capital
4599:Uruzgan
4569:Paktika
4534:Laghman
4499:Jowzjan
4489:Helmand
4449:Baghlan
4444:Badghis
4241:by the
4231:by the
4181:(1986)
4004:Sources
3450:17 July
3236:16 July
3199:28 June
3140:Massoud
2769:3 March
2662:21 June
2260:, 0.1%
2242:163,814
2140:Nurgram
2100:Kamdesh
2095:Kamdesh
2029:Center
1971:Waigali
1834:Taliban
1760:Kamdesh
1567:Chitral
1523:Quraish
1507:Kashmir
1484:animist
1465:Mauryas
1318:Culture
1243:Bactria
1171:Interim
1070:Kingdom
1050:Emirate
980:Mughals
955:Arghuns
935:Kartids
875:Seljuks
865:Ghurids
849:875–999
839:863–900
829:821–873
819:750–821
809:750-977
799:680–870
795:Zunbils
789:661–750
779:660–842
769:660–669
759:652–661
739:565–879
714:484–711
704:410–557
694:380–560
675:320–465
665:230–651
512:Ancient
465:History
451:monsoon
447:forests
431:Alingar
407:animist
358:Laghman
332:نورستان
252:166,676
179:Country
154:70°45′E
151:35°15′N
43:نورستان
4737:Waygal
4712:Mandol
4594:Takhar
4579:Parwan
4564:Paktia
4554:Nimruz
4529:Kunduz
4514:Kapisa
4479:Ghazni
4474:Faryab
4459:Bamyan
4315:
4303:
4086:
4044:
4021:
3317:
3148:Rabani
3111:
3084:
3039:
3012:
2991:: 114.
2319:Hitman
2266:Tajiks
2262:Gujars
2256:99.9%
2218:22,187
2212:Waygal
2197:12,489
2176:15,279
2146:36,536
2125:22,320
2119:Mandol
2104:28,564
2055:17,537
2043:Notes
1977:Ashkun
1911:Tajiks
1907:Gujars
1744:Mandol
1551:Kapisa
1527:Gabars
1496:kafirs
1463:. The
1283:Sistan
1238:Ariana
972:Modern
477:on the
441:, and
393:Pashto
328:Pashto
308:Pashto
293:AF-NUR
188:
4786:Other
4727:Parun
4702:Du Ab
4681:Parun
4604:Zabul
4539:Logar
4524:Kunar
4519:Khost
4504:Kabul
4494:Herat
4469:Farah
4454:Balkh
4245:(ISW)
4235:(NPS)
4123:(PDF)
3964:(PDF)
3914:(PDF)
3864:(PDF)
3814:(PDF)
3764:(PDF)
3714:(PDF)
3664:(PDF)
3614:(PDF)
3560:(PDF)
3540:(PDF)
3508:(PDF)
2951:Brill
2656:(PDF)
2649:(PDF)
2585:imr'o
2507:Notes
2247:9,267
2179:1,509
2171:Parun
2165:Parun
2128:1,996
2107:1,452
2076:8,902
2070:Du Ab
2058:1,731
2035:Area
1989:Satra
1626:pagan
1614:jizya
1602:Indra
1525:, or
1492:Vedic
1206:since
805:Lawik
443:Kunar
415:Islam
411:Vedic
362:Kunar
354:Parun
201:Parun
4732:Wama
4484:Ghor
4167:LINK
4156:LINK
4147:LINK
4084:ISBN
4042:ISBN
4019:ISBN
3993:help
3972:2024
3943:help
3922:2024
3893:help
3872:2024
3843:help
3822:2024
3793:help
3772:2024
3743:help
3722:2024
3693:help
3672:2024
3643:help
3622:2024
3582:link
3568:2017
3523:2014
3452:2014
3426:2024
3400:link
3386:2011
3348:2024
3326:2024
3315:ISSN
3290:2024
3264:2024
3238:2008
3215:link
3201:2006
3179:2014
3122:2010
3109:ISBN
3082:ISBN
3037:ISBN
3010:ISBN
2921:2010
2771:2018
2664:2021
2589:imra
2337:film
2191:Wama
2038:Pop.
2002:Dari
1995:Wasi
1991:(5%)
1965:Kata
1746:and
1597:Mara
1592:Yama
1587:Imra
1575:and
1555:Kama
1541:and
1500:Kati
1348:Wars
1328:Name
1253:Iran
1233:Aria
1208:2021
1165:2001
1154:2001
1124:1990
1104:1978
1084:1973
1064:1929
435:Pech
360:and
282:29XX
231:Area
4165:.
3130:of
2587:or
2562:may
2346:by
2221:907
2200:389
2149:943
2079:652
1983:Kam
1762:to
1736:NGO
1719:'s
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