38:
226:. Influenced by leftist movements, a large group of far-right youths, including Fioravanti and his close associates, moved from street-fighting to terrorism. Unlike their left-wing counterparts, they emphasised personal qualities like spontaneity and willingness to fight, even in a lost cause, over political objectives. Fioravanti has said, "About defeat we never cared, we are a generation of losers, always on the side of the defeated."
209:, a Rome-based criminal organization, which provided such logistical support as lodging, false papers, weapons, and bombs to the NAR. In November 1981, it was discovered that the NAR hid weapons in the basements of the Health Ministry. The first trial against them sentenced 53 people in May 1985 on charges of terrorist activities.
217:
The late seventies were a time of political violence in the form of bombings, assassinations, and street warfare between rival militant factions. Young neo-fascists saw the state-sanctioned far-right political party
647:
892:
715:
746:
491:
246:
337:
329:
442:
309:
273:
472:
426:
778:
453:
333:
321:
277:
269:
607:
317:
297:
293:
250:
897:
720:
348:
325:
285:
341:
301:
902:
313:
532:
394:
On 25 November 1981, Italian authorities discovered a weapons cache in the basements of the Health
Ministry. According to the
872:
851:
818:
561:
463:(who was later sentenced to a 30-year prison term in 2007 for his role in the 1980 Bologna bombings) assassinated magistrate
788:
756:
191:
from 1977 to
November 1981. It committed over 100 murders in four years, and had planned to assassinate the politicians
864:
Terrorism in the 20th
Century: A Narrative Encyclopedia From the Anarchists, through the Weathermen, to the Unabomber
692:
413:
was the only one who could freely access the weapons cache. Massimo
Carminati not only held close links with the
716:
NAR: “spostati” o figli (il)legittimi del
Movimento Sociale Italiano? Una replica da lontano al Fatto Quotidiano
907:
468:
222:
as betraying them, through inaction in the face of attacks by political opponents and the police such as the
103:
676:
281:
912:
636:
262:
219:
581:
223:
862:
503:
447:
188:
152:
837:
509:
483:
477:
396:
258:
205:
134:
20:
8:
612:
515:
458:
375:
698:
379:
242:
124:
119:
51:
747:"Strage di Bologna, 30 anni a Ciavardini - Cassazione conferma la condanna all'ex Nar"
37:
868:
847:
814:
688:
557:
521:
410:
406:
289:
192:
680:
527:
383:
371:
254:
670:
422:
353:
196:
157:
430:
112:
886:
783:
751:
487:
702:
464:
238:
200:
108:
490:). The two NAR members were also responsible for the earlier slaying of
184:
779:"Arrestato l'estremista nero Ciavardini per una rapina a mano armata"
648:
School of
Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton
684:
843:
378:
and intended to cast blame on militant leftist groups. NAR members
142:
401:
138:
672:
Threats to
Democracy: The Radical Right in Italy After the War
467:. Amato had been made responsible for investigations into the
418:
96:
637:"A destra del MSI: evoluzione armata della destra radicale"
235:
389:
893:
Defunct organisations designated as terrorist in Italy
884:
19:For the Greek far-left paramilitary group, see
372:1980 bombing of the Bologna main train station
187:armed militant organization active during the
608:"Fioravanti e lo spontaneismo armato dei NAR"
203:. The group maintained close links with the
839:Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition
836:Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin W. (2009).
835:
575:
573:
374:, which killed 85 people, was part of the
808:
668:
582:"NAR: lo spontaneismo armato neofascista"
357:, which was used as a front for the NAR.
634:
579:
365:
16:Italian neofascist militant organization
570:
551:
533:Armed, far-right organizations in Italy
885:
482:on 10 July 1976 (Occorsio was shot by
898:Factions of the Years of Lead (Italy)
421:secret agents, in particular General
261:, who were previous militants of the
860:
486:, leader of the armed groups of the
390:Weapons cache in the Health Ministry
13:
903:Neo-fascist organisations in Italy
828:
268:Other important members included:
14:
924:
580:Zanarini, Manuel (10 June 2008).
471:after the assassination of judge
436:
789:Gruppo Editoriale L’Espresso Spa
757:Gruppo Editoriale L’Espresso Spa
234:The NAR were directed by former
36:
386:were convicted of the bombing.
771:
739:
730:
709:
662:
628:
600:
545:
86:Revenge on leftists and police
1:
809:Tassinari, Ugo Maria (2008).
538:
441:On 23 June 1980, NAR members
7:
616:(in Italian). 3 August 2009
497:
212:
169:Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari
31:Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari
10:
929:
677:Princeton University Press
669:Ferraresi, Franco (1996).
360:
229:
175:Armed Revolutionary Nuclei
18:
867:. M. Evans. p. 374.
861:Nash, Jay Robert (1998).
813:. Sperling & Kupfer.
635:Minnucci, Marzia (2014).
172:
148:
130:
118:
102:
92:
82:
57:
47:
35:
30:
552:Colombo, Andrea (2007).
736:Tassinari, 2008, p. 626
263:Italian Social Movement
120:Political position
469:radical right in Italy
224:Acca Larentia killings
908:Neo-fascist terrorism
492:Francesco Evangelista
366:1980 Bologna massacre
351:became the leader of
88:Neofascist revolution
724:, December 08, 2014
510:Banda della Magliana
484:Pierluigi Concutelli
415:Banda della Magliana
397:Banda della Magliana
347:In 1980, NAR member
259:Alessandro Alibrandi
247:Cristiano Fioravanti
206:Banda della Magliana
135:Right-wing terrorism
21:Revolutionary Nuclei
844:Infobase Publishing
613:Corriere della Sera
516:Strategy of tension
376:strategy of tension
338:Fiorenzo Trincanato
330:Marco Mario Massimi
93:Active regions
443:Gilberto Cavallini
429:, a member of the
380:Valerio Fioravanti
310:Stefano Tiraboschi
304:a.k.a. "Marione" (
274:Gilberto Cavallini
243:Valerio Fioravanti
59:Dates of operation
52:Valerio Fioravanti
874:978-1-4617-4769-7
853:978-1-4381-1019-6
820:978-88-200-4449-7
791:. 10 October 2006
563:978-88-6052-091-3
522:Carmine Pecorelli
520:Assassination of
473:Vittorio Occorsio
427:Giuseppe Belmonte
411:Massimo Carminati
407:Maurizio Abbatino
290:Massimo Carminati
193:Francesco Cossiga
183:, was an Italian
165:
164:
920:
878:
857:
824:
801:
800:
798:
796:
775:
769:
768:
766:
764:
743:
737:
734:
728:
727:
713:
707:
706:
666:
660:
659:
657:
655:
641:
632:
626:
625:
623:
621:
604:
598:
597:
595:
593:
586:Arianna Editrice
577:
568:
567:
549:
528:Bologna massacre
494:on 28 May 1980.
481:
462:
454:Luigi Ciavardini
451:
417:, but also with
384:Francesca Mambro
334:Pasquale Belsito
322:Patrizio Trochei
278:Stefano Soderini
270:Luigi Ciavardini
255:Francesca Mambro
178:
149:Battles and wars
78:
76:
70:
68:
60:
40:
28:
27:
928:
927:
923:
922:
921:
919:
918:
917:
883:
882:
881:
875:
854:
831:
829:Further reading
821:
805:
804:
794:
792:
777:
776:
772:
762:
760:
759:. 11 April 2007
745:
744:
740:
735:
731:
725:
714:
710:
695:
685:10.2307/2585728
679:. p. 192.
667:
663:
653:
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639:
633:
629:
619:
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605:
601:
591:
589:
578:
571:
564:
550:
546:
541:
500:
475:
456:
445:
439:
433:Masonic lodge.
423:Pietro Musumeci
392:
368:
363:
354:Terza Posizione
232:
215:
197:Gianfranco Fini
179:), abbreviated
158:Bologna bombing
111:
87:
74:
72:
66:
64:
58:
43:
42:Flag of the NAR
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
926:
916:
915:
913:Third Position
910:
905:
900:
895:
880:
879:
873:
858:
852:
846:. p. 21.
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
819:
803:
802:
787:(in Italian).
770:
755:(in Italian).
738:
729:
708:
693:
661:
627:
599:
569:
562:
543:
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540:
537:
536:
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530:
524:
518:
513:
506:
504:Anni di piombo
499:
496:
438:
437:Assassinations
435:
431:Propaganda Due
391:
388:
367:
364:
362:
359:
318:Paolo Pizzonia
298:Stefano Bracci
294:Claudio Bracci
282:Franco Anselmi
251:Dario Pedretti
245:, his brother
231:
228:
214:
211:
163:
162:
161:
160:
150:
146:
145:
132:
128:
127:
122:
116:
115:
113:Third Position
106:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
61:
55:
54:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
925:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
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870:
866:
865:
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855:
849:
845:
841:
840:
834:
833:
822:
816:
812:
807:
806:
790:
786:
785:
784:La Repubblica
780:
774:
758:
754:
753:
752:La Repubblica
748:
742:
733:
723:
722:
717:
712:
704:
700:
696:
694:9781400815845
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:
665:
649:
645:
638:
631:
615:
614:
609:
603:
587:
583:
576:
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559:
555:
548:
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534:
531:
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525:
523:
519:
517:
514:
512:
511:
507:
505:
502:
501:
495:
493:
489:
485:
479:
474:
470:
466:
460:
455:
449:
444:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:, NAR member
408:
404:
403:
399:
398:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
358:
356:
355:
350:
345:
343:
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252:
248:
244:
240:
237:
227:
225:
221:
210:
208:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:Years of Lead
186:
182:
176:
170:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:Years of Lead
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
133:
131:Major actions
129:
126:
123:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
85:
81:
62:
56:
53:
50:
46:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
863:
838:
810:
793:. Retrieved
782:
773:
761:. Retrieved
750:
741:
732:
726:(in Italian)
721:Fascinazione
719:
711:
671:
664:
652:. Retrieved
643:
630:
618:. Retrieved
611:
602:
590:. Retrieved
588:(in Italian)
585:
553:
547:
508:
488:Ordine Nuovo
440:
425:and Colonel
414:
400:
395:
393:
369:
352:
349:Giorgio Vale
346:
326:Walter Sordi
305:
286:Giorgio Vale
267:
233:
216:
204:
180:
174:
168:
166:
25:
811:Fascisteria
644:LuissThesis
554:Storia Nera
476: [
465:Mario Amato
457: [
446: [
342:Andrea Vian
302:Mario Corsi
239:child actor
201:Adolfo Urso
185:neo-fascist
109:Neo-fascism
887:Categories
795:10 October
763:10 October
703:j.ctt7sspj
654:10 October
620:10 October
592:10 October
539:References
171:(English:
556:. Cairo.
306:Big Mario
125:Far-right
498:See also
314:Lino Lai
213:Ideology
143:bombings
104:Ideology
402:pentito
361:Actions
265:(MSI).
230:Members
83:Motives
73: (
65: (
871:
850:
817:
701:
691:
560:
139:murder
48:Leader
699:JSTOR
640:(PDF)
526:1980
480:]
461:]
450:]
419:SISMI
97:Italy
71:–1981
869:ISBN
848:ISBN
815:ISBN
797:2019
765:2019
689:ISBN
656:2019
622:2019
594:2019
558:ISBN
452:and
382:and
370:The
257:and
199:and
167:The
75:1981
67:1977
63:1977
681:doi
650:: 3
308:),
236:RAI
220:MSI
181:NAR
889::
842:.
781:.
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718:,
697:.
687:.
675:.
646:.
642:.
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478:it
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823:.
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767:.
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683::
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566:.
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173:"
77:)
69:)
23:.
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