2001:'s annual utility survey that took place after the disaster, of the 700 executives from the US electric utility industry that were surveyed, nuclear safety was the top concern. There are likely to be increased requirements for on-site spent fuel management and elevated design basis threats at nuclear power plants. License extensions for existing reactors will face additional scrutiny, with outcomes depending on the degree to which plants can meet new requirements, and some of the extensions already granted for more than 60 of the 104 operating U.S. reactors could be revisited. On-site storage, consolidated long-term storage, and geological disposal of spent fuel is "likely to be reevaluated in a new light because of the Fukushima storage pool experience".
175:
4341:
1899:
4331:
1941:
2004:
In
October 2011, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission instructed agency staff to move forward with seven of the 12 safety recommendations put forward by the federal task force in July. The recommendations include "new standards aimed at strengthening operators' ability to deal with a complete loss of
141:
The large size of nuclear reactors ordered during the late 1960s raised new safety questions and created fears of a severe reactor accident that would send large quantities of radiation into the environment. In the early 1970s, a highly contentious debate over the performance of emergency core
202:
in
Pennsylvania. The scope and complexity of this reactor accident became clear over the course of five days, as a number of agencies at the local, state and federal levels tried to solve the problem and decide whether the ongoing accident required an emergency evacuation, and to what extent.
106:
The United States
Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 of nuclear plants not performing within acceptable safety guidelines. In 2006, it said: "Since 2001, the ROP has resulted in more than 4,000 inspection findings concerning nuclear power plant
71:
Globally, there have been at least 99 (civilian and military) recorded nuclear reactor accidents from 1952 to 2009 (defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$ 50,000 of property damage, the amount the US federal government uses to define major energy
31:
46:
The United States
Government Accountability Office reported more than 150 incidents from 2001 to 2006 of nuclear plants not performing within acceptable safety guidelines. According to a 2010 survey of energy accidents, there have been at least 56
165:"the cumulative effect of all design defects and deficiencies in the design, construction and operations of nuclear power plants makes a nuclear power plant accident, in our opinion, a certain event. The only question is when, and where.
1974:
reactors, compromising seismic protection systems, which further undermined confidence in nuclear safety. All of these well-publicised events undermined public support for the U.S. nuclear industry in the 1970s and the 1980s.
107:
licensees' failure to fully comply with NRC regulations and industry standards for safe plant operation, and NRC has subjected more than 75 percent (79) of the 103 operating plants to increased oversight for varying periods".
2459:
3878:
2791:
80:, and occurred during both normal operation and extreme emergency conditions (such as droughts and earthquakes). Property damage costs include destruction of property, emergency response,
1959:(NRC). The NRC regulates all nuclear plants and materials in the U.S. except for of nuclear plants and materials controlled by the U.S. government, as well those powering naval vessels.
206:
Cleanup started in August 1979 and officially ended in
December 1993, with a total cleanup cost of about $ 1 billion. In his 2007 preliminary assessment of major energy accidents,
134:
in Idaho Falls in
January 1961 resulting in three deaths which were the first fatalities in the history of U.S. nuclear reactor operations. There was also a partial meltdown at the
2005:
power, ensuring plants can withstand floods and earthquakes and improving emergency response capabilities". The new safety standards will take up to five years to fully implement.
4373:
2989:
2888:
3871:
1962:
The 1979 Three Mile Island accident was a pivotal event that led to questions about U.S. nuclear safety. Earlier events had a similar effect, including a 1975 fire at
3974:
2872:
2912:
2880:
1807:
3864:
3600:
2816:
17:
3934:
2545:
4195:
3895:
3887:
2029:
2024:
236:
3939:
2124:
161:— resigned, stating that nuclear power was not as safe as their superiors were claiming. They testified to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy that:
84:, evacuation, lost product, fines, and court claims. Because nuclear reactors are large and complex, accidents onsite tend to be relatively expensive.
3979:
3709:
2197:
51:(defined as incidents that either resulted in the loss of human life or more than US$ 50,000 of property damage). The most serious of these was the
2060:
2982:
2944:
1810:, occurred. Loss of off-site power caused unit 2 to run a shut down cycle and release a safe, expected amount of tritium steam into the atmosphere.
242:
2799:
2594:
119:
encouraged private corporations in the United States to build nuclear reactors and a significant learning phase followed with many early partial
2422:
127:
in 1957, which was "an implicit admission that nuclear power provided risks that producers were unwilling to assume without federal backing".
4363:
3929:
2267:
2180:
915:
2436:
3994:
3984:
3964:
3825:
3565:
183:
4056:
4001:
3754:
3151:
2975:
2734:
4344:
4018:
3830:
3051:
2019:
1041:
730:
4224:
4201:
4121:
3226:
3136:
1620:
1532:
1489:
1463:
619:
211:
4133:
4062:
3794:
3026:
1167:
608:
187:
2717:
4261:
3954:
3909:
3812:
3515:
3465:
3221:
3161:
3056:
990:
807:
135:
194:
On March 28, 1979, equipment failures and operator error contributed to loss of coolant and a partial core meltdown of Unit 2's
3959:
3949:
3535:
3425:
3321:
3256:
2824:
2252:
1565:
425:
3856:
3807:
3540:
3520:
3316:
3311:
3211:
3126:
3036:
1539:
1115:
1016:
645:
96:
2303:
4256:
4051:
3835:
3669:
3470:
3347:
3326:
3236:
3191:
3096:
3066:
2840:
1646:
486:
2360:
2286:
1906:
3845:
3435:
3281:
3231:
3016:
1722:
1413:
1263:
1910:
4234:
4229:
4084:
3989:
3924:
3580:
3420:
3251:
3116:
3111:
3071:
3021:
2998:
2014:
1994:
1752:
1438:
1141:
678:
230:
4250:
4219:
4079:
4008:
3694:
3674:
3585:
3550:
3545:
3291:
2928:
2702:
2487:
274:
143:
4111:
3684:
3614:
3530:
3505:
3485:
3241:
3196:
3166:
1963:
885:
859:
670:
512:
351:
293:
87:
In the U.S., at least 56 nuclear reactor accidents have occurred. The most serious of these U.S. accidents was the
4013:
3744:
3719:
3714:
3500:
3450:
3362:
3031:
1782:
1726:
1594:
1388:
911:
682:
482:
56:
39:
2530:
4311:
3749:
3739:
3654:
3649:
3445:
3106:
1214:
Auxiliary feed-water pumps fail at South Texas
Project Units 1 and 2, prompting rapid shutdown of both reactors
297:
217:
The TMI accident forced regulatory and operational improvements on a reluctant industry, but it also increased
4149:
2121:
402:
Sodium cooling system malfunctions at Enrico Fermi demonstration breeder reactor causing partial core meltdown
3944:
3759:
3644:
3634:
3525:
3510:
3475:
3331:
3146:
3046:
2936:
2076:
2056:
1979:
1956:
1514:
1362:
1067:
833:
564:
322:
158:
92:
4105:
3919:
3729:
3664:
3619:
3555:
3352:
3206:
2328:
Benjamin K. Sovacool. The costs of failure: A preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, 1907–2007,
2864:
4039:
3430:
3286:
3041:
2920:
2904:
941:
674:
1832:
One worker was killed and two others injured when part of a generator fell as it was being moved at the
884:
Instrumentation systems malfunction during start-up, which led to suspension of operations at all three
72:
accidents that must be reported), totaling US$ 20.5 billion in property damages. The accidents involved
4117:
4045:
3784:
3724:
3689:
3624:
3590:
3570:
3490:
3440:
3413:
3398:
3393:
3378:
3357:
3306:
3216:
3091:
2080:
1935:
1672:
1569:
1237:
1092:
Refuelling cavity seal fails and destroys internal pipe system at Surry Unit 2, forcing 12-month outage
756:
615:
199:
88:
52:
1513:
Steam leak in feed-water heater causes manual shutdown and damage to control board annunicator at the
4368:
4335:
4271:
4180:
3914:
3802:
3704:
3659:
3575:
3560:
3301:
3246:
3156:
3061:
1971:
1945:
1336:
1186:
966:
589:
476:
374:
326:
195:
116:
81:
914:
after main pumps shut down and auxiliary pumps tripped due to operator error. NRC review determines
123:
and accidents at experimental reactors and research facilities. This led to the introduction of the
3699:
3679:
3639:
801:
701:
638:
511:
Fire burns for seven hours and damages more than 1600 control cables for three nuclear reactors at
380:
An error by a worker at a United
Nuclear Corporation fuel facility led to an accidental criticality
1287:
Shut down of Fermi Unit 2 after main turbine experienced major failure due to improper maintenance
4296:
4286:
3764:
3171:
3121:
3101:
2444:
2330:
2167:
934:
457:
453:
315:
2408:
Benjamin K. Sovacool. A Critical
Evaluation of Nuclear Power and Renewable Electricity in Asia,
2104:
Benjamin K. Sovacool. A Critical
Evaluation of Nuclear Power and Renewable Electricity in Asia,
4291:
4092:
3734:
3495:
3296:
3141:
3131:
2690:
1986:
is a pervasive problem at almost 90 percent of all reactors, as are issues that pose a risk of
1826:
1715:
1507:
1406:
1355:
1256:
782:
775:
557:
538:
150:
142:
cooling systems in nuclear plants, designed to prevent a core meltdown that could lead to the "
3886:
2377:
130:
Nuclear reactor accidents continued into the 1960s with a small test reactor exploding at the
3201:
1696:
1542:
causes ventilation train chiller to trip, releasing toxic gas and damaging the cooling system
218:
4281:
4143:
3629:
3276:
2952:
2656:
2467:
2464:
Sensors and Smart Structures Technologies for Civil, Mechanical, and Aerospace Systems 2018
2162:
1983:
1833:
531:
210:, estimated that the TMI accident caused a total of $ 2.4 billion in property damages. The
207:
8:
4266:
2832:
1982:, which tracks ongoing safety issues at operating nuclear plants, found that "leakage of
1778:
1639:
984:
707:
Southern California Company shuts down San Onofre Unit 1 out of concerns about earthquake
4068:
2660:
2471:
1387:
Plunging water levels around the nuclear fuel in the reactor's core prompt shut down at
4174:
4137:
4074:
2772:
2672:
2512:
2493:
2165:. The costs of failure: A preliminary assessment of major energy accidents, 1907–2007,
1978:
Recent concerns have been expressed about the safety of nuclear reactors. In 2012, the
1852:
1729:
the structure was severely cracked resulting in the permanent closure of the facility.
1665:
1613:
1558:
1482:
1230:
1060:
1009:
749:
344:
286:
124:
2571:"Byron nuclear plant loses power, reactor shuts down | ABC7 Chicago | abc7chicago.com"
1192:
NRC forces shut down of Brunswick Units 1 and 2 after emergency diesel generators fail
4276:
4239:
3455:
2967:
2776:
2676:
2588:
2497:
2483:
2466:. Vol. 10598. International Society for Optics and Photonics. pp. 105980J.
1998:
1987:
1431:
1329:
1281:
993:
units 2 and 3 shutdown due to cooling malfunctions and unexplained equipment problems
664:
418:
2623:
4162:
2896:
2764:
2664:
2475:
2081:"NRC issues preliminary risk analysis of the combined safety issues at Davis-Besse"
1874:
1771:
1690:
1587:
1456:
1381:
1303:
1160:
1108:
1034:
904:
723:
396:
174:
99:
has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the
73:
59:
has been the source of two of the top five most dangerous nuclear incidents in the
2694:
2518:. Office of the Inspector General (OIG), U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).
1699:
plant spills 35 litres of highly enriched uranium, necessitating 7-month shutdown
3777:
3772:
2856:
2752:
2392:
2364:
2290:
2128:
1800:
1745:
1208:
1134:
1086:
959:
878:
852:
583:
505:
77:
1412:
Balance-of-plant equipment malfunction forces shutdown and extensive repairs at
1070:
falls through an unmarked manhole and electrocutes himself when trying to escape
858:
Safety violations, operator error, and design problems force six year outage at
4301:
4168:
4127:
2357:
2283:
2034:
1952:
1015:
Safety inspector dies from electrocution after contacting a mislabeled wire at
2644:
2139:
27:
Nuclear Reactor and Power Plant Accidents that have occurred in the past years
4357:
2768:
2668:
444:
120:
100:
60:
2460:"Video-based crack detection using deep learning and Nave Bayes data fusion"
755:
Damage to steam generator tubes and main generator resulting in a shut down
4244:
4190:
4185:
3480:
2865:
Killing Our Own: The Disaster of America's Experience with Atomic Radiation
2848:
2570:
2378:
Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective (Book review)
2141:
1781:
restricted access to a vital area that houses plant cooling water pumps at
1310:
179:
35:
3888:
Nuclear and radioactive disasters, former facilities, tests and test sites
1880:
La Crosse Boiling Water Reactor Deconstruction leak into Mississippi River
1725:
containment building to create a large opening for the replacement of the
4316:
2122:
The Accidental Century – Prominent Energy Accidents in the Last 100 Years
940:
Recurring equipment problems force emergency shutdown of Boston Edison's
826:
448:
2849:
Fukushima: Japan's Tsunami and the Inside Story of the Nuclear Meltdowns
4306:
2479:
1858:
Heavy steam leak into the turbine building of D.C. Cook Nuclear Station
1144:
reveal cracks at pressurized heater sleeves, forcing extended shutdowns
2212:
Anti-nuclear Movements: A World Survey of Opposition to Nuclear Energy
1593:
Severe boric acid corrosion of reactor head forces 24-month outage of
563:
Hydrogen gas explosion damages three buildings and forces shutdown of
4098:
2732:
2607:
1966:, the 1976 testimonials of three concerned GE nuclear engineers, the
1675:
leaks tritium and strontium into underground lakes from 1974 to 2005
243:
Nuclear safety in the United States § Emergency Classifications
3969:
2960:
1967:
154:
38:
reactor head, caused by a persistent leak of borated water, at the
2642:
2343:
Mangano, Joseph (2004). Three Mile Island: Health study meltdown,
1623:
causes a fire that damages the main generator and back-up turbines
1040:
Malfunctions force Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation to shut down
146:", received coverage in the popular media and technical journals.
30:
3460:
2857:
Full Body Burden: Growing Up in the Nuclear Shadow of Rocky Flats
1970:. In 1981, workers inadvertently reversed pipe restraints at the
592:
shut down in response to failing tube bundles in steam generators
1940:
2546:"Illinois Nuclear Power Plant Shuts Down Unit After Power Loss"
1118:
Unit 1, leading to main transformer fire and emergency shutdown
63:
since 1979. Relatively few accidents have involved fatalities.
2645:"Three Mile Island: The driver of US nuclear power's decline?"
2437:"Appendix VI - IAEA international nuclear events scale (INES)"
2061:"Davis-Besse preliminary accident sequence precursor analysis"
214:
are widely, but not universally, agreed to be very low level.
3383:
2198:
Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective
2075:
2055:
1955:
in the U.S. is governed by federal regulations issued by the
2889:
Non-Nuclear Futures: The Case for an Ethical Energy Strategy
350:
Steam explosion and meltdown results in three fatalities at
4155:
3408:
3403:
3388:
2695:"Nuclear safety and affordable reactors: Can we have both?"
355:
169:
131:
2386:
2423:"Report: Nuclear sub suffers accident off Oregon in 1973"
1437:
Reactor recirculation pump fails, prompting shut down of
2873:
In Mortal Hands: A Cautionary History of the Nuclear Age
2833:
Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis
810:
fails safety inspection, forced to shut down for repairs
2913:
Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe
2881:
Making a Real Killing: Rocky Flats and the Nuclear West
2140:
United States Government Accountability Office (2006).
1262:
Equipment failures and broken pipes cause shut down of
2997:
2817:
Conservation Fallout: Nuclear Protest at Diablo Canyon
2627:
2611:
2201:(Berkeley: University of California Press), pp. 10–11.
424:
An electrician is electrocuted by a live cable at the
2458:
Chen, Fu-Chen; Jahanshahi, Mohammad R. (2018-03-27).
1462:
Service water system fails and results in closure of
1313:
nuclear reactor; shut down of the facility for a year
4374:
Nuclear accidents and incidents in the United States
2897:
Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies
2397:
Nuclear Inc. The Men and Money Behind Nuclear Energy
2228:
Nuclear Inc. The Men and Money Behind Nuclear Energy
2030:
List of canceled nuclear plants in the United States
2025:
Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
237:
Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
221:. The accident triggered protests around the world.
2753:"The implications of Fukushima: The US perspective"
1649:
leaks tritium and contaminates local water supplies
489:
causes manual shutdown of pressurized water reactor
1755:leak radioactive tritium into groundwater supplies
832:Damaged thermal shield and core barrel support at
224:
49:accidents at nuclear reactors in the United States
2718:Black & Veatch’s 2011 Electric Utility Survey
2643:Nathan Hultman and Jonathan Koomey (1 May 2013).
4355:
2945:Nukespeak: Nuclear Language, Visions and Mindset
2789:
2304:"14-Year Cleanup at Three Mile Island Concludes"
1365:Units 1 and 2, multiple equipment failures found
1166:Safety and fire problems force shut down of the
212:health effects of the Three Mile Island accident
685:, releasing radioactivity into the environment.
614:Loss of coolant and partial core meltdown, see
66:
4134:Thor missile launch failures at Johnston Atoll
3841:Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States
2733:Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2011).
2457:
648:contacts an energized line and is electrocuted
292:Power excursion with partial core meltdown at
3935:Nuclear and radiation accidents by death toll
3930:Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
3872:
2983:
2720:." June 16, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
2241:Global Fission: The Battle Over Nuclear Power
2116:
2114:
1929:
3826:Regions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1309:Steam generator tubes unexpectedly crack at
184:Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station
4057:1996 San Juan de Dios radiotherapy accident
3940:Nuclear and radiation fatalities by country
2750:
2689:
2593:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2412:, Vol. 40, No. 3, August 2010, pp. 393–400.
2399:, Pantheon Books, New York, p. 95 & 97.
2337:
2296:
2108:, Vol. 40, No. 3, August 2010, pp. 379–380.
3879:
3865:
3831:Anti-nuclear movement in the United States
2990:
2976:
2728:
2726:
2111:
2020:Nuclear and radiation accidents by country
1488:Ice condenser containment systems fail at
34:Erosion of the 6-inch-thick (150 mm)
4225:Vulnerability of nuclear plants to attack
4202:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
4122:Three Mile Island accident health effects
2522:
2504:
1751:Deteriorating underground pipes from the
1621:Donald C. Cook Nuclear Generating Station
1533:Lower Alloways Creek Township, New Jersey
620:Three Mile Island accident health effects
4220:International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)
4063:Clinic of Zaragoza radiotherapy accident
2100:
2098:
2096:
1939:
1806:An Unusual Incident, the lowest of four
781:Feedwater heat extraction line fails at
173:
170:Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant Accident
29:
4262:International Day against Nuclear Tests
3910:Crimes involving radioactive substances
2783:
2744:
2723:
2638:
2636:
2543:
1619:A fault in the main transformer at the
808:Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station
428:Unit 1 reactor on the Mississippi River
356:Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One
136:Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station
132:Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One
14:
4356:
4052:Instituto OncolĂłgico Nacional#Accident
2825:Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power
2792:"Nuke regulators toughen safety rules"
2735:"The Future of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle"
2710:
18:Nuclear accidents in the United States
3860:
2971:
2350:
2222:
2220:
2204:
2189:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2093:
1948:after the Three Mile Island accident.
1540:Hope Creek Nuclear Generating Station
1017:Wolf Creek Nuclear Generating Station
729:Recirculation system piping fails at
249:Nuclear reactor accidents in the U.S.
200:Three Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant
4364:Nuclear history of the United States
4257:History of the anti-nuclear movement
3836:Nuclear history of the United States
3803:Clinch River (Small Modular Reactor)
2841:Fallout: An American Nuclear Tragedy
2633:
2051:
2049:
1893:
1236:New York Power Authority shuts down
646:San Onofre Pressurized Water Reactor
644:Worker cleaning breaker cubicles at
487:Palisades Nuclear Generating Station
3915:Criticality accidents and incidents
3846:Nuclear safety in the United States
2544:Coleman, Korva (January 31, 2012).
1723:Crystal River 3 Nuclear Power Plant
537:Hydrogen gas explosion damages the
24:
4019:Nuclear power accidents by country
2999:Nuclear power in the United States
2809:
2628:U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2612:U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2282:World Nuclear Association (1999).
2230:, Pantheon Books, New York, p. 72.
2217:
2151:
2015:Nuclear power accidents by country
1995:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
1944:A clean-up crew working to remove
1753:Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant
783:Oconee 2 Pressurised Water Reactor
679:Constellation Energy Nuclear Group
231:Nuclear power accidents by country
25:
4385:
4251:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2929:Nuclear Weapons: The Road to Zero
2757:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2703:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2649:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2528:
2345:Bulletin of the atomic scientists
2243:, Oxford University Press, p. 95.
2046:
1808:NRC emergency status declarations
836:, necessitating 13-month shutdown
785:, damaging thermal cooling system
733:Unit 1, forcing two year shutdown
97:Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station
4340:
4339:
4329:
4112:Kramatorsk radiological accident
2568:
2513:"Inspector General Report – Ind"
2181:Perhaps the Worst, Not the First
1897:
1568:issued after steam tube rupture
1114:Atmospheric dump valves fail at
671:Ginna Nuclear Generating Station
515:, disabling core cooling systems
352:National Reactor Testing Station
294:National Reactor Testing Station
4014:List of orphan source incidents
2790:Andrew Restuccia (2011-10-20).
2683:
2617:
2601:
2562:
2537:
2510:
2451:
2429:
2415:
2402:
2370:
2322:
2276:
2268:The Struggle over Nuclear Power
2261:
2246:
2233:
1727:Steam generator (nuclear power)
1240:Unit 3 after AMSAC system fails
225:List of accidents and incidents
57:Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant
40:Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant
3670:Clinch River (Breeder Reactor)
2716:Eric Wesoff, Greentechmedia. "
2174:
2133:
1361:Leaking valve forces shutdown
298:Experimental Breeder Reactor I
13:
1:
4336:Nuclear technology portal
2937:The Making of the Atomic Bomb
2120:Benjamin K. Sovacool (2009).
2077:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2057:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2040:
1980:Union of Concerned Scientists
1957:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
1515:Millstone Nuclear Power Plant
1439:Clinton boiling water reactor
1363:Millstone Nuclear Power Plant
1068:Wolf Creek Generating Station
323:Santa Susana Field Laboratory
159:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
93:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
4106:Andreev Bay nuclear accident
4093:Chazhma Bay nuclear accident
2410:Journal of Contemporary Asia
2293:Retrieved December 24, 2008.
2106:Journal of Contemporary Asia
1335:Ventilation systems fail at
675:Rochester Gas & Electric
67:Context of Nuclear Accidents
7:
4040:Nyonoksa radiation accident
2921:Nuclear War Survival Skills
2905:Nuclear Politics in America
2356:World Nuclear Association.
2008:
1168:FitzPatrick nuclear reactor
1142:Calvert Cliff Units 1 and 2
942:Pilgrim Nuclear Power Plant
910:Loss of feedwater event at
759:Unit 3 for more than a year
219:opposition to nuclear power
10:
4390:
4312:Russell–Einstein Manifesto
4235:Films about nuclear issues
4230:Books about nuclear issues
4118:Three Mile Island accident
4046:Fukushima nuclear accident
3925:Military nuclear accidents
3920:Nuclear meltdown accidents
2358:Three Mile Island Accident
2195:Walker, J. Samuel (2004).
1936:Nuclear safety in the U.S.
1933:
1930:Nuclear Power Plant Safety
1783:Dresden Generating Station
1673:Indian Point Nuclear Plant
1389:Dresden Generating Station
1238:Indian Point Energy Center
757:Indian Point Energy Center
616:Three Mile Island accident
240:
234:
228:
110:
91:in 1979. According to the
89:Three Mile Island accident
53:Three Mile Island accident
4325:
4272:Nuclear-Free Future Award
4210:
4181:Totskoye nuclear exercise
4027:
4009:Sunken nuclear submarines
3894:
3821:
3793:
3599:
3561:Sodium Reactor Experiment
3371:
3340:
3265:
3180:
3080:
3005:
2751:Mark Cooper (July 2011).
2624:Our Governing Legislation
2531:"Davis-Besse stirs again"
1972:Diablo Canyon Power Plant
1946:radioactive contamination
1647:Braidwood nuclear station
1187:Southport, North Carolina
967:Surry Nuclear Power Plant
918:should have been declared
539:Cooper Nuclear Facility's
477:Covert Township, Michigan
375:Charlestown, Rhode Island
327:Sodium Reactor Experiment
321:Partial core meltdown at
196:pressurized water reactor
117:Atomic Energy Act of 1954
82:environmental remediation
76:, explosions, fires, and
2769:10.1177/0096340211414840
2669:10.1177/0096340213485949
2226:Mark Hertsgaard (1983).
965:Feedwater line-burst at
802:Forked River, New Jersey
702:San Clemente, California
639:San Clemente, California
609:Middletown, Pennsylvania
188:Middletown, Pennsylvania
4287:Nuclear power phase-out
2462:. In Sohn, Hoon (ed.).
2284:Three Mile Island: 1979
2210:Wolfgang Rudig (1990).
1993:Following the Japanese
935:Plymouth, Massachusetts
316:Simi Valley, California
4292:Nuclear weapons debate
1949:
1827:Russellville, Arkansas
1716:Crystal River, Florida
1508:Waterford, Connecticut
1407:Crystal River, Florida
1356:Waterford, Connecticut
1257:Soddy-Daisy, Tennessee
776:Seneca, South Carolina
558:Waterford, Connecticut
191:
167:
151:four nuclear engineers
43:
4150:K-19 nuclear accident
3945:Nuclear weapons tests
2630:. Retrieved 2007-6-1.
2614:. Retrieved 2007-6-1.
2214:, Longman, pp. 66–67.
1984:radioactive materials
1943:
1697:Nuclear Fuel Services
1466:for more than 2 years
1464:LaSalle Units 1 and 2
567:Boiling Water Reactor
241:Further information:
177:
163:
138:in Michigan in 1966.
33:
4282:Nuclear power debate
4144:Cuban Missile Crisis
3995:in the United States
2953:On Nuclear Terrorism
2383:, 22 September 2005.
2347:, 60(5), pp. 31 -35.
2163:Benjamin K. Sovacool
2142:"Report to Congress"
1911:adding missing items
1834:Arkansas Nuclear One
1538:Major Freon leak at
1414:Crystal River Unit 3
532:Brownville, Nebraska
208:Benjamin K. Sovacool
4267:Nuclear close calls
2661:2013BuAtS..69c..63H
2472:2018SPIE10598E..0JC
2376:Wellock, Thomas R.
2334:36 (2008), p. 1807.
2171:36 (2008), p. 1808.
1779:sodium hypochlorite
1640:Braidwood, Illinois
1595:Davis-Besse reactor
1570:Indian Point Unit 2
985:Delta, Pennsylvania
916:site area emergency
912:Davis-Besse reactor
251:
4175:Operation Plumbbob
4138:Operation Fishbowl
4075:Chernobyl disaster
3607:whole plants only)
3426:Connecticut Yankee
2511:Bel, Hubert T. l.
2480:10.1117/12.2296772
2363:2013-02-17 at the
2289:2013-02-17 at the
2253:The San Jose Three
2127:2012-08-21 at the
1999:Black & Veatch
1950:
1909:; you can help by
1853:Bridgman, Michigan
1721:When cutting into
1666:Buchanan, New York
1614:Bridgman, Michigan
1559:Buchanan, New York
1529:September 29, 1999
1490:Cook Units 1 and 2
1483:Bridgman, Michigan
1453:September 20, 1996
1231:Buchanan, New York
1083:September 10, 1988
1061:Burlington, Kansas
1010:Burlington, Kansas
849:September 15, 1984
750:Buchanan, New York
683:steam tube rupture
673:(then operated by
541:auxiliary building
456:leak on board the
345:Idaho Falls, Idaho
287:Idaho Falls, Idaho
247:
192:
125:Price-Anderson Act
44:
4351:
4350:
4277:Nuclear-free zone
4240:Anti-war movement
4196:Rocky Flats Plant
3854:
3853:
3605:(incomplete list,
3566:Three Mile Island
2310:. August 15, 1993
2239:Jim Falk (1982).
1988:nuclear accidents
1927:
1926:
1892:
1891:
1777:Chemical leak of
1584:February 16, 2002
1555:February 15, 2000
1479:September 9, 1997
1432:Clinton, Illinois
1428:September 5, 1996
1403:September 2, 1996
1352:February 20, 1996
1330:Salem, New Jersey
1282:Newport, Michigan
1278:December 25, 1993
1227:February 27, 1993
1157:November 17, 1991
1031:December 19, 1987
823:February 26, 1983
798:February 12, 1983
698:February 26, 1982
665:Ontario, New York
635:November 22, 1980
447:, 370 miles from
419:Cordova, Illinois
283:November 29, 1955
157:and one from the
16:(Redirected from
4381:
4369:Nuclear reactors
4343:
4342:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4163:Kyshtym disaster
4158:nuclear meltdown
4085:Related articles
4069:Goiânia accident
3881:
3874:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3813:Turkey Point-6/7
3608:
3511:Millstone Unit 1
3471:Fort Saint Vrain
3348:Fort Saint Vrain
3270:
3185:
3085:
3010:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2804:
2803:
2798:. Archived from
2787:
2781:
2780:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2721:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2699:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2640:
2631:
2621:
2615:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2592:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2443:. Archived from
2433:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2413:
2406:
2400:
2390:
2384:
2374:
2368:
2354:
2348:
2341:
2335:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2300:
2294:
2280:
2274:
2273:, Mar. 08, 1976.
2265:
2259:
2258:, Feb. 16, 1976.
2250:
2244:
2237:
2231:
2224:
2215:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2187:
2178:
2172:
2160:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2131:
2118:
2109:
2102:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2053:
1922:
1919:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1875:Genoa, Wisconsin
1797:January 30, 2012
1772:Morris, Illinois
1742:February 1, 2010
1691:Erwin, Tennessee
1610:January 15, 2003
1588:Oak Harbor, Ohio
1457:Seneca, Illinois
1382:Morris, Illinois
1304:Wiscasset, Maine
1205:February 3, 1993
1161:Scriba, New York
1109:Tonopah, Arizona
1066:A worker at the
1035:Scriba, New York
956:December 9, 1986
905:Oak Harbor, Ohio
834:St. Lucie Unit 1
724:Scriba, New York
681:) experiences a
661:January 25, 1982
580:February 4, 1979
528:November 5, 1975
397:Monroe, Michigan
252:
246:
21:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4330:
4328:
4321:
4297:Peace activists
4212:
4206:
4031:
4029:
4023:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3890:
3885:
3855:
3850:
3817:
3789:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3595:
3367:
3336:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3083:
3082:
3076:
3052:Nine Mile Point
3008:
3007:
3001:
2996:
2812:
2810:Further reading
2807:
2788:
2784:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2731:
2724:
2715:
2711:
2697:
2688:
2684:
2641:
2634:
2622:
2618:
2606:
2602:
2586:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2567:
2563:
2554:
2552:
2542:
2538:
2533:. Toledo Blade.
2529:Blade, Toledo.
2527:
2523:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2490:
2456:
2452:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2407:
2403:
2393:Mark Hertsgaard
2391:
2387:
2375:
2371:
2365:Wayback Machine
2355:
2351:
2342:
2338:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2291:Wayback Machine
2281:
2277:
2266:
2262:
2251:
2247:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2205:
2194:
2190:
2186:, May 12, 1986.
2179:
2175:
2161:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2129:Wayback Machine
2119:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2083:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2054:
2047:
2043:
2011:
1997:, according to
1938:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1898:
1801:Byron, Illinois
1746:Vernon, Vermont
1712:September, 2009
1300:14 January 1995
1264:Sequoyah Unit 1
1209:Bay City, Texas
1140:Inspections at
1135:Lusby, Maryland
1087:Surry, Virginia
1042:Nine Mile Point
960:Surry, Virginia
879:Athens, Alabama
853:Athens, Alabama
731:Nine Mile Point
584:Surry, Virginia
506:Athens, Alabama
483:Steam generator
473:August 11, 1973
454:Primary coolant
393:October 5, 1966
341:January 3, 1961
277:
270:
268:
245:
239:
233:
227:
190:, April 1, 1979
172:
113:
78:loss of coolant
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4387:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4349:
4348:
4326:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4302:Peace movement
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4169:Windscale fire
4165:
4159:
4152:
4146:
4140:
4130:
4128:Lucens reactor
4124:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4095:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4035:
4033:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3985:United Kingdom
3982:
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3972:
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3962:
3957:
3952:
3942:
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3805:
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3692:
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3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3609:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3581:Vermont Yankee
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
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3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3421:Big Rock Point
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3252:Prairie Island
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3186:
3181:NRC Region III
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3147:St. Lucie
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3022:Calvert Cliffs
3019:
3013:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2941:
2933:
2925:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2802:on 2012-01-14.
2782:
2743:
2722:
2709:
2682:
2632:
2616:
2600:
2561:
2536:
2521:
2503:
2488:
2450:
2447:on 2011-05-30.
2428:
2414:
2401:
2385:
2369:
2349:
2336:
2321:
2308:New York Times
2295:
2275:
2260:
2245:
2232:
2216:
2203:
2188:
2173:
2150:
2132:
2110:
2092:
2079:(2004-09-20).
2059:(2004-09-16).
2044:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2035:Nuclear safety
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2010:
2007:
1953:Nuclear safety
1934:Main article:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1904:
1902:
1890:
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1887:
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1881:
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1845:
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1837:
1830:
1824:
1823:March 31, 2013
1820:
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1662:August 4, 2005
1659:
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1234:
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1218:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
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1184:
1183:April 21, 1992
1180:
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1177:
1174:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1151:
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1132:
1131:March 17, 1989
1128:
1127:
1125:
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1119:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
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1080:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1064:
1058:
1057:March 29, 1988
1054:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
988:
982:
981:March 31, 1987
978:
977:
975:
973:
970:
963:
957:
953:
952:
950:
947:
944:
938:
932:
931:April 11, 1986
928:
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922:
919:
908:
902:
898:
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895:
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889:
882:
876:
872:
871:
869:
866:
863:
856:
850:
846:
845:
843:
840:
837:
830:
829:, Florida, USA
824:
820:
819:
817:
814:
811:
805:
799:
795:
794:
792:
789:
786:
779:
773:
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768:
766:
763:
760:
753:
747:
746:March 25, 1982
743:
742:
740:
737:
734:
727:
721:
720:March 20, 1982
717:
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708:
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662:
658:
657:
655:
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642:
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632:
631:
628:
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606:
605:March 28, 1979
602:
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581:
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561:
555:
551:
550:
548:
545:
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535:
529:
525:
524:
522:
519:
516:
509:
503:
502:March 22, 1975
499:
498:
496:
493:
490:
480:
474:
470:
469:
467:
464:
461:
460:while underway
451:
442:
441:April 21, 1973
438:
437:
435:
432:
429:
422:
416:
412:
411:
409:
406:
403:
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372:
368:
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342:
338:
337:
335:
332:
329:
319:
313:
309:
308:
306:
303:
300:
290:
284:
280:
279:
272:
265:
262:
259:
256:
229:Main article:
226:
223:
171:
168:
144:China syndrome
121:core meltdowns
112:
109:
68:
65:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4386:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4026:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4002:United States
4000:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3868:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Greene County
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3675:Douglas Point
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3431:Crystal River
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3302:Diablo Canyon
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3292:Comanche Peak
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3266:NRC Region IV
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3081:NRC Region II
3079:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Beaver Valley
3015:
3014:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2986:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2786:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2740:. p. xv.
2736:
2729:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2705:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2596:
2590:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2525:
2514:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2489:9781510616929
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2424:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2382:
2381:The Historian
2379:
2373:
2367:January 2010.
2366:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2333:
2332:
2331:Energy Policy
2325:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2221:
2213:
2207:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2184:TIME magazine
2182:
2177:
2170:
2169:
2168:Energy Policy
2164:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2082:
2078:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1905:This list is
1903:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1768:July 15, 2011
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1687:March 6, 2006
1686:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:June 16, 2005
1635:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:March 2, 1993
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:for 13 months
1169:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1105:March 5, 1989
1104:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1006:July 15, 1987
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
979:
976:
974:
971:
968:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
943:
939:
936:
933:
930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
913:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
883:
880:
877:
875:March 9, 1985
874:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
831:
828:
825:
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
780:
777:
774:
772:June 18, 1982
771:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
754:
751:
748:
745:
744:
741:
738:
735:
732:
728:
725:
722:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
643:
640:
637:
634:
633:
629:
626:
623:
621:
617:
613:
610:
607:
604:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
562:
559:
556:
554:June 10, 1977
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
536:
533:
530:
527:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
510:
507:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
458:USS Guardfish
455:
452:
450:
446:
445:Pacific Ocean
443:
440:
439:
436:
433:
430:
427:
423:
420:
417:
415:July 16, 1971
414:
413:
410:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
392:
391:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
371:July 24, 1964
370:
369:
365:
362:
359:
357:
353:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
328:
324:
320:
317:
314:
312:July 26, 1959
311:
310:
307:
304:
301:
299:
295:
291:
288:
285:
282:
281:
276:
273:
269:(in millions
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
253:
250:
244:
238:
232:
222:
220:
215:
213:
209:
204:
201:
197:
189:
185:
181:
176:
166:
162:
160:
156:
155:three from GE
152:
147:
145:
139:
137:
133:
128:
126:
122:
118:
108:
104:
102:
101:United States
98:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
64:
62:
61:United States
58:
54:
50:
41:
37:
32:
19:
4327:
4249:
4245:Bikini Atoll
4191:Hanford Site
4186:Bikini Atoll
3990:in Australia
3980:Soviet Union
3975:South Africa
3840:
3808:North Anna-3
3785:Yellow Creek
3685:Forked River
3615:Allens Creek
3551:Shippingport
3516:Oyster Creek
3506:Maine Yankee
3491:Indian Point
3486:Humboldt Bay
3481:Hanford Site
3466:Fort Calhoun
3222:Enrico Fermi
3162:Turkey Point
3092:Browns Ferry
3057:Peach Bottom
3006:NRC Region I
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2800:the original
2795:
2785:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2712:
2701:
2685:
2655:(3): 63–70.
2652:
2648:
2619:
2603:
2578:. Retrieved
2575:ABC7 Chicago
2574:
2564:
2553:. Retrieved
2549:
2539:
2524:
2506:
2463:
2453:
2445:the original
2441:www.iaea.org
2440:
2431:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2352:
2344:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2312:. Retrieved
2307:
2298:
2278:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2211:
2206:
2196:
2191:
2183:
2176:
2166:
2147:. p. 4.
2135:
2105:
2084:. Retrieved
2067:. Retrieved
2003:
1992:
1977:
1964:Browns Ferry
1961:
1951:
1915:
1816:Undetermined
1504:May 25, 1999
1378:May 15, 1996
1326:May 16, 1995
1311:Maine Yankee
991:Peach Bottom
901:June 9, 1985
886:Browns Ferry
860:Browns Ferry
590:Surry Unit 2
513:Browns Ferry
485:leak at the
248:
216:
205:
193:
180:Jimmy Carter
164:
148:
140:
129:
114:
105:
103:since 1979.
86:
70:
48:
45:
36:carbon steel
4317:Smiling Sun
4028:Individual
3965:North Korea
3745:South River
3720:Marble Hill
3715:Levy County
3660:CFPP, Idaho
3586:Yankee Rowe
3536:Rancho Seco
3322:South Texas
3257:Quad Cities
3247:Point Beach
3212:Davis–Besse
3072:Susquehanna
3027:FitzPatrick
3009:(Northeast)
2691:Mark Cooper
1337:Salem Units
827:Fort Pierce
565:Millstone-1
449:Puget Sound
426:Quad Cities
261:Description
4358:Categories
4307:Peace camp
4097:1985–1987
4030:accidents
3898:disasters
3755:Summer-2/3
3750:Stanislaus
3740:Sears Isle
3700:Hartsville
3655:Bodega Bay
3650:Blue Hills
3640:Bellefonte
3576:Vallecitos
3541:San Onofre
3521:Pathfinder
3332:Wolf Creek
3317:River Bend
3312:Palo Verde
3307:Grand Gulf
3232:Monticello
3127:North Anna
3037:Hope Creek
2580:2024-01-26
2555:2024-01-26
2086:2006-06-14
2069:2006-06-14
2041:References
1918:April 2014
1907:incomplete
1671:Entergy's
1116:Palo Verde
271:2006 US$ )
264:Fatalities
235:See also:
178:President
4099:Therac-25
4032:and sites
3902:incidents
3896:Lists of
3760:Sundesert
3645:Black Fox
3635:Bell Bend
3601:Cancelled
3501:La Crosse
3456:Elk River
3341:Converted
3327:Waterford
3237:Palisades
3192:Braidwood
3184:(Midwest)
3172:Watts Bar
3097:Brunswick
3047:Millstone
2777:146270304
2677:145756891
2608:About NRC
2498:173187747
2314:March 28,
1871:July 2018
1849:July 2016
1645:Exelon's
296:'s EBR-1
149:In 1976,
74:meltdowns
55:in 1979.
4345:Category
4211:Related
4101:accident
3970:Pakistan
3765:Victoria
3735:Offshore
3730:Montague
3665:Cherokee
3620:Atlantic
3556:Shoreham
3496:Kewaunee
3358:Somerset
3287:Columbia
3282:Callaway
3277:Arkansas
3142:Sequoyah
3137:Robinson
3067:Seabrook
3042:Limerick
2961:Plutopia
2796:The Hill
2763:(4): 9.
2693:(2012).
2589:cite web
2395:(1983).
2361:Archived
2287:Archived
2125:Archived
2009:See also
1968:GE Three
354:'s SL-1
258:Location
182:leaving
4080:Effects
3778:3 and 5
3773:1 and 4
3526:Pilgrim
3461:Fermi 1
3353:Midland
3227:LaSalle
3217:Dresden
3202:Clinton
3122:McGuire
3102:Catawba
3084:(South)
2657:Bibcode
2468:Bibcode
1339:1 and 2
969:kills 4
677:now by
466:unknown
278:rating
198:at the
111:History
4213:topics
4136:under
3955:France
3795:Future
3769:WPPSS
3690:Galena
3630:Barton
3625:Bailly
3571:Trojan
3546:Saxton
3476:Hallam
3451:EBR II
3372:Closed
3363:Zimmer
3297:Cooper
3269:(West)
3167:Vogtle
3152:Summer
3132:Oconee
3112:Harris
3107:Farley
2964:(2013)
2956:(2007)
2948:(1982)
2940:(1987)
2932:(1998)
2924:(1979)
2916:(2004)
2908:(1997)
2900:(1984)
2892:(1975)
2884:(1999)
2876:(2009)
2868:(1982)
2860:(2012)
2851:(2013)
2844:(2004)
2836:(1971)
2828:(2011)
2820:(2006)
2775:
2675:
2569:ABC7.
2496:
2486:
1735:1,000+
1044:Unit 1
862:Unit 2
95:, the
4200:1945
4179:1954
4173:1957
4167:1957
4161:1957
4154:1961
4148:1961
4142:1962
4132:1962
4126:1969
4116:1979
4110:1980
4104:1982
4091:1985
4073:1986
4067:1987
4061:1990
4050:2001
4044:2011
4038:2019
3960:India
3950:China
3705:Haven
3531:Piqua
3446:EBR I
3414:SM-1A
3399:PM-3A
3384:MH-1A
3242:Perry
3197:Byron
3157:Surry
3117:Hatch
3062:Salem
3032:Ginna
2773:S2CID
2738:(PDF)
2698:(PDF)
2673:S2CID
2516:(PDF)
2494:S2CID
2145:(PDF)
2064:(PDF)
1718:, USA
1693:, USA
1668:, USA
1642:, USA
1616:, USA
1566:Alert
1561:, USA
1535:, USA
1510:, USA
1485:, USA
1459:, USA
1434:, USA
1332:, USA
1306:, USA
1284:, USA
1259:, USA
1233:, USA
1211:, USA
1189:, USA
1163:, USA
1111:, USA
1089:, USA
1063:, USA
1012:, USA
962:, USA
949:1,001
894:1,830
888:Units
804:, USA
778:, USA
752:, USA
726:, USA
704:, USA
667:, USA
641:, USA
627:2,400
586:, USA
560:, USA
534:, USA
508:, USA
479:, USA
421:, USA
399:, USA
377:, USA
318:, USA
267:Cost
4156:SL-1
4120:and
3900:and
3725:MM-1
3680:Erie
3591:Zion
3441:DAEC
3436:CVTR
3409:SM-1
3404:SL-1
3394:PM-1
3389:ML-1
3379:ANPP
3207:Cook
2595:link
2484:ISBN
2316:2011
2271:TIME
2256:TIME
2074:and
1877:, US
1855:, US
1829:, US
1803:, US
1774:, US
1748:, US
1590:, US
1564:NRC
1409:, US
1384:, US
1358:, US
1137:, US
1037:, US
987:, US
937:, US
907:, US
881:, US
855:, US
618:and
611:, US
347:, US
289:, US
275:INES
255:Date
186:for
115:The
3710:Lee
2765:doi
2665:doi
2550:NPR
2476:doi
1990:".
1913:.
1761:700
1602:605
1421:384
1371:254
1150:120
1050:150
999:400
868:110
521:240
325:'s
4360::
2794:.
2771:.
2761:67
2759:.
2755:.
2725:^
2700:.
2671:.
2663:.
2653:69
2651:.
2647:.
2635:^
2626:,
2610:,
2591:}}
2587:{{
2573:.
2548:.
2492:.
2482:.
2474:.
2439:.
2306:.
2219:^
2153:^
2113:^
2095:^
2048:^
1705:98
1680:30
1655:41
1629:10
1605:3
1497:11
1472:71
1446:38
1345:34
1319:62
1293:67
1124:14
842:54
816:32
791:10
765:56
739:45
630:5
598:12
573:15
547:13
495:10
408:19
386:??
366:4
363:22
334:32
3880:e
3873:t
3866:v
2991:e
2984:t
2977:v
2779:.
2767::
2706:.
2679:.
2667::
2659::
2597:)
2583:.
2558:.
2500:.
2478::
2470::
2425:.
2318:.
2089:.
2072:.
1920:)
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1861:0
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1813:0
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1652:0
1626:0
1599:0
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1574:0
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1519:0
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1469:0
1443:0
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1396:?
1393:0
1368:0
1342:0
1316:0
1290:0
1271:3
1268:0
1246:2
1243:0
1220:3
1217:0
1198:2
1195:0
1176:5
1173:0
1147:0
1121:0
1098:9
1095:0
1076:1
1073:1
1047:0
1024:1
1021:1
996:0
972:4
946:0
924:?
921:0
891:0
865:0
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788:0
762:0
736:0
713:1
710:0
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654:1
651:1
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463:0
434:1
431:1
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383:1
360:3
331:0
305:5
302:0
153:—
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