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824:(CalTech) Focal Plane Team. Each pixel has an independent discriminator and individual X-ray interactions trigger the readout process. On-board processors, one for each telescope, identify the row and column with the largest pulse height and read out pulse height information from this pixel as well as its eight neighbors. The event time is recorded to an accuracy of 2 ΞΌs relative to the on-board clock. The event location, energy, and depth of interaction in the detector are computed from the nine-pixel signals.
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1018:. The Stanford University team of scientists that led the study concluded that this change was directly attributable to radiation from the flash reflecting off of the accretion disk on the opposing side of the black hole. The path of this reflected light was bent by the high spacetime curvature, directed to the detector after the initial flash.
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isotope concentrated in clumps at the remnant's center and points to a possible solution to the mystery of how the star exploded. When researchers simulate supernova blasts with computers, as a massive star dies and collapses, the main shock wave often stalls and the star fails to shatter. The latest
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NuSTAR's predecessor, the High Energy
Focusing Telescope (HEFT), was a balloon-borne version that carried telescopes and detectors constructed using similar technologies. In February 2003, NASA issued an Explorer program Announcement of Opportunity (AoO). In response, NuSTAR was submitted to NASA in
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In
January 2005, NASA selected NuSTAR for flight pending a one-year feasibility study. The program was cancelled in February 2006 as a result of cuts to science in NASA's 2007 budget. On 21 September 2007, it was announced that the program had been restarted, with an expected launch in August 2011,
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The actual telescope consists of two separate Focal Plane
Modules (FPMs) labelled FPMA and FPMB. These two FPMs are built to be similar, though they are not identical. Depending on the source and on the observation, one of the modules will usually report higher counts. This is corrected for in the
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of
Columbia University, using graphite spacers machined to constrain the glass to the conical shape, and held together by epoxy. There are 4680 mirror segments in total (the 65 inner shells each comprise six segments and the 65 outer shells twelve; there are upper and lower segments to each shell,
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launch vehicle on 21 March 2012. It had earlier been planned for 15 August 2011, 3 February 2012, 16 March 2012, and 14 March 2012. After a launch meeting on 15 March 2012, the launch was pushed further back to allow time to review flight software used by the launch vehicle's flight computer. The
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A neutron star surrounded by an accretion disk. Disk material that falls on to the surface of the star will release x-rays as radiation, contributing to the observed luminosity. When this luminosity is greater than what the
Eddington limit predicts from the star mass, this object is known as a
2112:
Parker, Michael L.; Pinto, Ciro; Fabian, Andrew C.; Lohfink, Anne; Buisson, Douglas J. K.; Alston, William N.; Kara, Erin; Cackett, Edward M.; Chiang, Chia-Ying; Dauser, Thomas; De Marco, Barbara; Gallo, Luigi C.; Garcia, Javier; Harrison, Fiona A.; King, Ashley L. (2 March 2017).
789:. Each detector is a rectangular crystal of dimension 20 Γ 20 mm (0.79 Γ 0.79 in) and thickness ~2 mm (0.079 in) that have been gridded into 32 Γ 32 Γ 0.6 mm (1.260 Γ 1.260 Γ 0.024 in)
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system is used to determine the exact relative positions of the optics and the focal plane at all times, so that each detected photon can be mapped back to the correct point on the sky even if the optics and the focal plane move relative to one another during an exposure.
745:, giving a spot size of about two millimeters at the focal plane; this is unprecedentedly good resolution for focusing hard X-ray optics, though it is about one hundred times worse than the best resolution achieved at longer wavelengths by the
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May 2003, as one of 36 mission proposals vying to be the tenth and eleventh Small
Explorer missions. In November 2003, NASA selected NuSTAR and four other proposals for a five-month implementation feasibility study.
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This representation of a black hole shows both sides of the accretion disk: in this case, gas above and below the black event horizon is from behind the black hole, while gas flowing in front is from the observers
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Unlike visible light telescopes β which employ mirrors or lenses working with normal incidence β NuSTAR has to employ grazing incidence optics to be able to focus X-rays. For this two conical approximation
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I Zwicky 1. Upon studying the flashes of light emitted by the corona of the black hole, researchers noticed that some detected light arrived to the detector later than the rest, with a corresponding
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Hailey, Charles J.; An, HongJun; Blaedel, Kenneth L.; Brejnholt, Nicolai F.; Christensen, Finn E.; et al. (29 July 2010). Arnaud, Monique; Murray, Stephen S.; Takahashi, Tadayuki (eds.).
703:(alternating atomically thin layers of a high-density and low-density material); with NuSTAR's choice of Pt/SiC and W/Si multilayers, this enables reflectivity up to 79 keV (the platinum
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and there are two telescopes); there are five spacers per segment. Since the epoxy takes 24 hours to cure, one shell is assembled per day β it took four months to build up one optic.
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Harrison, Fiona A.; Boggs, Steve; Christensen, Finn; Craig, William; Hailey, Charles; et al. (29 July 2010). Arnaud, Monique; Murray, Stephen S.; Takahashi, Tadayuki (eds.).
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findings strongly suggest the exploding star literally sloshed around, re-energizing the stalled shock wave and allowing the star to finally blast off its outer layers.
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863:. By measuring the frequency change of X-ray light emitted from the black hole corona, NuSTAR was able to view material from the corona be drawn closer to the
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NuSTAR has demonstrated its versatility, opening the way to many new discoveries in a wide variety of areas of astrophysical research since its launch.
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526:. It was successfully launched on 13 June 2012, having previously been delayed from 21 March 2012 due to software issues with the launch vehicle.
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Each focusing optic consists of 133 concentric shells. One particular innovation enabling NuSTAR is that these shells are coated with
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NuSTAR has captured these first, focused views of the supermassive black hole at the heart of our galaxy in high-energy X-ray light.
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the β sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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Kitaguchi, Takao (2011). Siegmund, Oswald H. (ed.). "Spectral calibration and modeling of the NuSTAR CdZnTe pixel detectors".
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In March 2nd of 2017, NuSTAR published an article to Nature detailing observations of wind temperature variations around
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Launches are separated by dots ( β’ ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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981:. By detecting periodic absences of absorption lines in the X-ray spectrum from the accretion disk winds, NuSTAR and
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science results step, usually by apply a constant multiplier during spectral fitting and light curve analysis.
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a billion times more massive than the Sun, to investigate how particles are accelerated to very high energy in
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Boorman, Peter G.; Gandhi, P.; Alexander, D. M.; Annuar, A.; Ballantyne, D. R.; et al. (December 2016).
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One of NuSTAR's main goals is to characterize stars' explosions by mapping the radioactive material in a
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to be illuminated with X-rays, allowing this elusive region to be studied by astronomers for spin rates.
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NASA contracted with
Orbital Sciences Corporation to launch NuSTAR (mass 350 kg (770 lb)) on a
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1996:"A New Compton-thick AGN in our Cosmic Backyard: Unveiling the Buried Nucleus in NGC 1448 with NuSTAR"
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1755:"Development of focal plane detectors for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission"
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Annuar, A.; Alexander, D. M.; Gandhi, P.; Lansbury, G. B.; Asmus, D.; et al. (January 2017).
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537:, and to understand how the elements are created in the explosions of massive stars by imaging
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Wilkins, D. R.; Gallo, L. C.; Costantini, E.; Brandt, W. N.; Blandford, R. D. (28 July 2021).
785:. One detector unit β or focal plane β comprises four (two-by-two) detectors, manufactured by
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On 22 June 2012, it was confirmed that the 10 m (33 ft) mast was fully deployed.
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design optics with 10.15 m (33.3 ft) focal length are held at the end of a long
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2115:"The response of relativistic outflowing gas to the inner accretion disk of a black hole"
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Having completed a two-year primary mission, NuSTAR is in its twelfth year of operation.
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1651:"The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR): optics overview and current status"
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2412:, talk by Melania Nynka of the MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research
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1328:"Black hole bends light, space, time β and NASA's NuSTAR can see it all unfold"
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1.2 Γ 10.9 m (3 ft 11 in Γ 35 ft 9 in)
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831:(CsI) crystals that surround the detector housings. The crystal shields, grown by
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1569:"NASA Selects Orbital's Pegasus Rocket to Launch NuSTAR Space Science Satellite"
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Each focusing optic has its own focal plane module, consisting of a solid state
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793:(each pixel subtending 12.3 arcseconds) and provides a total of 12 arcminutes
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was emitting more radiation than was physically thought possible due to the
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Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned
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1291:"NASA Selects Explorer Mission Proposals for Feasibility Studies (03-353)"
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observed heating and cooling cycles of the relativistic winds leaving the
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NuSTAR's mast deployed on Earth; the inset is looking down the structure
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The mission's primary scientific goals are to conduct a deep survey for
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2450:. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray.
1717:. NuSTAR Science Operations Center, California Institute of Technology.
1660:. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray.
1007:
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2310:"NASA Study Helps Explain Limit-Breaking Ultra-Luminous X-Ray Sources"
2238:"Light bending and X-ray echoes from behind a supermassive black hole"
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1807:. UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XVII.
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514:(SMEX-11) satellite program and the first space-based direct-imaging
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1764:. UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XVI.
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2012:
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In April 6th of 2023, the NuSTAR team confirmed that neutron star
1010:
detected X-rays emitted behind the supermassive black hole within
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1980:
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117:
2187:"Temperature Swings of Black Hole Winds Measured for First Time"
1385:"NASA Restarts Telescope Mission to Detect Black Holes (07-198)"
846:
741:
The expected point spread function for the flight mirrors is 43
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2212:"NuSTAR and XMM-Newton See Light Echo from Behind a Black Hole"
920:
704:
2055:"IC 3639βa New Bona Fide Compton-Thick AGN Unveiled by NuSTAR"
1108:, hard X-ray telescope measuring polarization (cancelled 2012)
7522:
7365:
7315:
7310:
7209:
7054:
6420:
6193:
6157:
6152:
5943:
5369:
5364:
5167:
5104:
5024:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4926:
4857:
4721:
4681:
4633:
4593:
4585:
4185:
3566:
3224:
3214:
3093:
3073:
2685:
2635:
2600:
2438:
1993:
1592:"NASA blasts NuSTAR telescope into orbit to hunt black holes"
790:
484:
338:
328:
2235:
2052:
851:
In
February 2013, NASA revealed that NuSTAR, along with the
786:
7513:
5515:
5409:
5359:
5317:
5290:
5210:
4801:
4201:
3893:
3044:
2410:
Building, Launching, and Using the NuSTAR X-ray
Observatory
480:
227:
68:
1022:
Ultra-luminous neutron star violating the
Eddington limit
633:
on 13 June 2012 about 117 mi (188 km) south of
72:
6945:
2111:
1648:
5484:
1421:"NASA Restarts Telescope Mission to Detect Black Holes"
1931:"NASA's NuSTAR Untangles Mystery of How Stars Explode"
1899:"NASA's NuSTAR Sees Rare Blurring of Black Hole Light"
1860:"NASA's NuSTAR Helps Solve Riddle of Black Hole Spin"
1706:
Forster, Karl; Grefenstette, Brian; Madsen, Kristin.
1705:
855:
space observatory, has measured the spin rate of the
2441:"The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)"
1054:
816:. The electrons are digitally recorded using custom
675:
Focusing X-rays with a Wolter Type-1 optical system
3166:
949:
800:The cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) detectors are
637:. The Pegasus launch vehicle was dropped from the
608:(ASI). NuSTAR's major industrial partners include
16:NASA X-ray space telescope of the Explorer program
1114:, infrared telescope launched on 25 December 2021
993:Detection of light reflecting behind a black hole
970:Measurement of temperature variations of AGN wind
867:. This caused inner portions of the black hole's
7754:
1893:
1891:
1753:Rana, Vikram (2009). Siegmund, Oswald H. (ed.).
1177:"NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array)"
1143:"Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR)"
3170:
1642:
1423:. NASA (JPL). 21 September 2007. Archived from
1285:
1283:
1281:
3174:
2945:
2334:Bachetti, Matteo; et al. (October 2022).
1353:"NASA Selects Small Explorer Mission (05-026)"
629:launch was conducted successfully at 16:00:37
6931:
5500:
3406:
2515:
2333:
1888:
1796:
1135:
1120:, joint Japanese and American X-ray telescope
847:Spin measurement of a supermassive black hole
1955:
1721:
1278:
921:Tracing radioactivity in a supernova remnant
568:(Caltech). Other major partners include the
557:though this was later delayed to June 2012.
2046:
1543:"Launch of NASA's NuSTAR Mission Postponed"
1250:"Launch of NASA's NuSTAR Mission Postponed"
838:
6938:
6924:
5879:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
5507:
5493:
3413:
3399:
2522:
2508:
1987:
1171:
1169:
402:9 keV: 847 cm (131.3 sq in)
136:12 years, 3 months, 8 days
90:
6773:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
2459:
2379:
2369:
2351:
2253:
2130:
2088:
2070:
2029:
2011:
1963:"Black Holes Hide in Our Cosmic Backyard"
1816:
1802:
1730:Semiconductor radiation detection systems
1708:"NuSTAR DATA ANALYSIS β Quickstart Guide"
1589:
1387:. NASA. 21 September 2007. Archived from
510:NuSTAR is the eleventh mission of NASA's
3314:
1923:
1862:. NASA. 27 February 2013. Archived from
1727:
1244:
1242:
1025:
996:
924:
818:application-specific integrated circuits
777:(CdZnTe) pixel detector surrounded by a
764:
756:
404:78 keV: 60 cm (9.3 sq in)
6858:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
1618:"NuSTAR Successfully Deploys Huge Mast"
1476:
1474:
1166:
897:Black hole with corona, an X-ray source
729:The shells were then assembled, at the
503:, and operates in the range of 3 to 79
7783:Spacecraft launched by Pegasus rockets
7755:
5646:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
1504:
1325:
602:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
6919:
6436:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
5488:
3394:
2529:
2503:
2422:
1854:
1852:
1545:. NASA. 16 March 2012. Archived from
1252:. NASA. 16 March 2012. Archived from
1239:
1196:
1194:
469:Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array
168:Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array
44:Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array
6898:
3420:
1752:
1471:
594:University of California, Santa Cruz
1507:"NASA Approves X-ray Space Mission"
808:that are very efficient at turning
797:(FoV) for each focal plane module.
13:
5552:National Aeronautics and Space Act
2540:List of Explorers Program missions
1849:
1732:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
1326:Presto, Suzanne (13 August 2014).
1191:
954:In January 2017, researchers from
911:Blurring of X-rays near black hole
822:California Institute of Technology
574:University of California, Berkeley
566:California Institute of Technology
14:
7794:
6506:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
6060:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
5441:List of proposed space telescopes
4122:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
3366:indicates active current missions
2391:
1590:Moskowitz, Clara (13 June 2012).
1031:Ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX).
827:The focal planes are shielded by
495:to focus high energy X-rays from
6897:
6886:
6885:
6801:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
6559:Space Flight Operations Facility
5745:Operations and Checkout Building
5469:
5468:
3298:
1975:
1943:
1911:
1876:
1523:
1505:Nelson, Jon (4 September 2009).
1486:
1437:
1401:
1365:
1307:
1266:
1085:
1071:
1057:
904:
890:
878:
668:
656:
518:at energies beyond those of the
27:
6020:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
4343:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
3378:indicate missions yet to launch
2423:Craig, David J. (Spring 2010).
2327:
2302:
2229:
2204:
2179:
2105:
1746:
1728:Harrison, Fiona (21 May 2010).
1699:
1624:
1620:. Universe Today. 22 June 2012.
1610:
1583:
1561:
1535:
1498:
1449:
1413:
1293:(Press release). Archived from
1200:
1043:, officially labeling it as an
950:Nearby supermassive black holes
820:(ASICs) designed by the NuSTAR
722:were applied by a group at the
718:of the appropriate radius. The
578:Technical University of Denmark
1459:. Space.com. 21 September 2007
1457:"NASA Plans Black Hole Finder"
1377:
1345:
1319:
1217:
1124:List of X-ray space telescopes
560:The principal investigator is
102:
33:NuSTAR (Explorer 93) satellite
1:
5451:List of heliophysics missions
1129:
1106:Gravity and Extreme Magnetism
761:One of NuSTAR's two detectors
710:The optics were produced, at
663:NuSTAR's nested X-ray mirrors
343:612.6 km (380.7 mi)
333:596.6 km (370.7 mi)
6838:Space program on U.S. stamps
6763:Gemini and Apollo medallions
6713:Solar System Family Portrait
6489:Joint Polar Satellite System
6358:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
5612:Vision for Space Exploration
5582:Space Exploration Initiative
3372:indicates cancelled missions
1901:. NASA (JPL). 12 August 2014
1509:. NASA (JPL). Archived from
859:at the center of the galaxy
752:
610:Orbital Sciences Corporation
289:Orbital Sciences Corporation
189:Orbital Sciences Corporation
7:
7778:Spacecraft launched in 2012
6833:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
6790:We choose to go to the Moon
6753:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
6311:International Space Station
6291:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
6030:Great Observatories program
5874:International Space Station
5852:Roscosmos State Corporation
5769:Science Mission Directorate
5715:Manned Space Flight Network
5431:Great Observatories program
2090:10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/245
2031:10.3847/1538-4357/836/2/165
1571:. Orbital. 18 February 2009
1050:
724:Danish Technical University
712:Goddard Space Flight Center
639:L-1011 'Stargazer' aircraft
586:Goddard Space Flight Center
394:10.15 m (33.3 ft)
10:
7799:
6650:NASA cameras on spacecraft
6461:James Webb Space Telescope
6373:Solar Dynamics Observatory
5594:U.S. National Space Policy
4922:Orbiting Solar Observatory
2336:"Orbital decay in M82 X-2"
2272:10.1038/s41586-021-03667-0
1594:. NBC News. Archived from
1112:James Webb Space Telescope
1045:Ultraluminous X-ray source
547:
456:(Explorer 94) →
7738:
7681:
7619:
7554:
7453:
7400:
7299:
7253:
7224:SpaceX COTS Demo Flight 2
7154:
7107:
7073:
7005:
6970:
6881:
6781:
6658:
6573:
6518:
6481:
6280:
6090:
6077:
6007:
5921:
5911:
5866:
5792:
5781:
5725:Vehicle Assembly Building
5633:
5532:
5522:
5474:Category:Space telescopes
5464:
5423:
5278:
5179:
5148:
4401:
4253:
4098:
4001:
3816:
3707:
3541:
3496:
3435:
3428:
3359:
3307:
3296:
3165:
3054:
2944:
2553:
2546:
2537:
2340:The Astrophysical Journal
2059:The Astrophysical Journal
2000:The Astrophysical Journal
1484:. NASA. 18 February 2015.
1151:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
960:University of Southampton
747:Chandra X-ray Observatory
647:
619:
570:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
520:Chandra X-ray Observatory
438:
433:
428:
424:
416:
408:
398:
390:
380:
375:
371:
367:
357:
347:
337:
327:
317:
307:
302:
298:
294:
284:
268:
257:
246:
241:
237:
233:
222:
214:
210:171 kg (377 lb)
206:
202:350 kg (770 lb)
198:
184:
172:
164:
156:
151:
147:
143:
130:
112:
99:
78:
64:
54:
50:
38:
26:
6796:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
6720:The Day the Earth Smiled
6055:Solar Terrestrial Probes
5514:
5436:List of space telescopes
2371:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8d67
913:(NuSTAR; 12 August 2014)
839:Major scientific results
701:depth-graded multilayers
499:sources, especially for
7709:KwangmyΕngsΕng-3 Unit 2
6853:Other primates in space
6565:Deep Space Atomic Clock
6385:Mars Science Laboratory
6173:Spitzer Space Telescope
5762:Lunar Sample Laboratory
5705:Launch Services Program
2448:Proceedings of the SPIE
1933:. JPL. 19 February 2014
1658:Proceedings of the SPIE
1355:. NASA. 26 January 2005
1203:"Mission Status Center"
1179:. European Space Agency
857:supermassive black hole
783:anti-coincidence shield
598:Sonoma State University
250:13 June 2012, 16:00:37
6868:National Astronaut Day
6811:The Astronaut Monument
6633:Space Shuttle missions
6333:Mars Exploration Rover
6316:Hubble Space Telescope
6225:Kepler space telescope
6025:Earth Observing System
5999:Mars Exploration Rover
5710:Mercury Control Center
4762:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
1965:. NASA. 7 January 2017
1032:
1003:
930:
775:cadmium zinc telluride
770:
762:
487:telescope that uses a
6816:Lunar sample displays
6806:Space Mirror Memorial
6748:Voyager Golden Record
6640:United States rockets
5832: (with the
5740:Launch Control Center
4383:Space Solar Telescope
1029:
1000:
928:
768:
760:
489:conical approximation
322:Near-equatorial orbit
308:Reference system
152:Spacecraft properties
6954:Orbital launches in
5834:Soviet space program
5752:Johnson Space Center
5720:Kennedy Space Center
5683:spinoff technologies
5456:List of planetariums
4353:NRO donation to NASA
1427:on 13 September 2016
937:. The NuSTAR map of
614:ATK Space Components
606:Italian Space Agency
501:nuclear spectroscopy
434:Dual X-ray telescope
193:ATK Space Components
7730:Mexsat Bicentenario
6843:Apollo 17 Moon mice
6699:Pillars of Creation
6606:Space Shuttle crews
6084:(human and robotic)
6078:Individual featured
5661:Ranks and positions
5152:(Mission completed)
3437:Radio and Microwave
2470:2010SPIE.7732E..0SH
2432:Columbia University
2362:2022ApJ...937..125B
2264:2021Natur.595..657W
2149:10.1038/nature21385
2141:2017Natur.543...83P
2081:2016ApJ...833..245B
2022:2017ApJ...836..165A
1827:2011SPIE.8145E..07K
1774:2009SPIE.7435E..03R
1670:2010SPIE.7732E..0TH
1549:on 11 November 2020
1297:on 11 November 2020
1016:change in frequency
810:high energy photons
590:Stanford University
582:Columbia University
23:
6645:NASA cancellations
6540:Deep Space Network
6530:Near Earth Network
6015:Living With a Star
5989:Project Prometheus
5969:Planetary Observer
5089:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
4914:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
4898:Mikhailo Lomonosov
4746:Hinotori (Astro-A)
4348:New Worlds Mission
2716:25 (Injun 4, IE-B)
1866:on 3 December 2017
1513:on 6 February 2012
1093:Spaceflight portal
1033:
1004:
935:supernova remnants
931:
899:(artist's concept)
771:
763:
731:Nevis Laboratories
539:supernova remnants
303:Orbital parameters
21:
7768:Explorers Program
7750:
7749:
6913:
6912:
6826:stolen or missing
6623:uncrewed missions
6601:Apollo astronauts
6596:Gemini astronauts
6514:
6513:
6298:2001 Mars Odyssey
6073:
6072:
5949:Mars Surveyor '98
5907:
5906:
5850: (with
5783:Human spaceflight
5777:
5776:
5735:Launch Complex 48
5730:Launch Complex 39
5482:
5481:
5380:SIM & SIMlite
4754:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
4714:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
4268:Astro-1 Telescope
4094:
4093:
3388:
3387:
3355:
3354:
3294:
3293:
2801:42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)
2531:Explorers Program
2478:10.1117/12.858065
2248:(7869): 657β660.
1835:10.1117/12.896972
1782:10.1117/12.825418
1678:10.1117/12.857654
1227:. NuSTAR. Caltech
1205:. Spaceflight Now
956:Durham University
804:room temperature
562:Fiona A. Harrison
462:
461:
134:2 years (planned)
7790:
7773:Space telescopes
7763:X-ray telescopes
7121:KwangmyΕngsΕng-3
6959:
6958:
6957:
6940:
6933:
6926:
6917:
6916:
6901:
6900:
6889:
6888:
6727:Fallen Astronaut
6368:Van Allen Probes
6088:
6087:
5994:Mars Exploration
5919:
5918:
5790:
5789:
5558:Space Task Group
5530:
5529:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5486:
5485:
5472:
5471:
5271:
5267:Hitomi (Astro-H)
5263:
5255:
5247:
5239:
5231:
5223:
5215:
5207:
5199:
5191:
5172:
5164:
5153:
5141:
5133:
5125:
5117:
5109:
5101:
5093:
5085:
5077:
5069:
5061:
5053:
5045:
5037:
5029:
5021:
5013:
5005:
4997:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4918:
4910:
4902:
4894:
4886:
4878:
4870:
4862:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4830:
4822:
4814:
4806:
4798:
4790:
4782:
4774:
4766:
4758:
4750:
4742:
4734:
4726:
4718:
4710:
4702:
4694:
4686:
4678:
4670:
4662:
4654:
4646:
4638:
4630:
4622:
4614:
4606:
4598:
4590:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4558:
4550:
4542:
4517:
4509:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4004:or unclassified)
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3842:
3834:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3749:Hinode (Solar-B)
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3700:
3692:
3684:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3652:
3644:
3640:Hinode (Solar-B)
3636:
3628:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3596:
3588:
3580:
3572:
3563:
3555:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3433:
3432:
3422:Space telescopes
3415:
3408:
3401:
3392:
3391:
3371:
3365:
3312:
3311:
3302:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3227:
3205:
3176:
3172:
3168:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2961:
2947:
2551:
2550:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2495:on 17 July 2011.
2494:
2488:. Archived from
2463:
2445:
2435:
2429:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2373:
2355:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2257:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2134:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2074:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2033:
2015:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1959:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1895:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1820:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1759:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1695:on 19 July 2011.
1694:
1688:. Archived from
1655:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1634:. Archived from
1628:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1598:on 10 April 2013
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1502:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1391:on 23 March 2021
1381:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1330:. CNN Business.
1323:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1256:on 22 April 2019
1246:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1173:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1147:
1139:
1101:Explorer program
1095:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1067:
1065:Astronomy portal
1062:
1061:
1060:
1012:Seyfert 1 galaxy
908:
894:
882:
802:state of the art
685:Wolter telescope
672:
660:
493:Wolter telescope
441:Explorer program
329:Perigee altitude
312:Geocentric orbit
242:Start of mission
131:Mission duration
126:
123:
121:
119:
104:
95:
94:
88:
31:
24:
20:
7798:
7797:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7788:
7787:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7734:
7677:
7615:
7550:
7449:
7396:
7295:
7249:
7150:
7103:
7069:
7001:
6966:
6965:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6944:
6914:
6909:
6877:
6777:
6768:Mission patches
6743:Pioneer plaques
6706:Mystic Mountain
6683:Family Portrait
6676:The Blue Marble
6660:
6654:
6628:Apollo missions
6569:
6521:
6510:
6477:
6282:
6276:
6113:Mercury-Atlas 6
6083:
6079:
6069:
6003:
5939:Mariner Mark II
5903:
5884:Commercial Crew
5862:
5785:
5773:
5757:Mission Control
5656:Astronaut Corps
5651:Chief Scientist
5629:
5534:
5518:
5513:
5483:
5478:
5460:
5446:X-ray telescope
5419:
5301:Constellation-X
5274:
5269:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5237:
5229:
5221:
5213:
5205:
5197:
5189:
5175:
5170:
5162:
5151:
5150:
5144:
5139:
5137:Yokoh (Solar-A)
5131:
5123:
5115:
5107:
5105:Tenma (Astro-B)
5099:
5091:
5083:
5075:
5067:
5059:
5051:
5043:
5035:
5027:
5019:
5011:
5003:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4971:
4916:
4908:
4900:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4868:
4866:LISA Pathfinder
4860:
4852:
4844:
4836:
4828:
4820:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4788:
4780:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4748:
4740:
4732:
4724:
4722:HALCA (MUSES-B)
4716:
4708:
4700:
4698:Ginga (Astro-C)
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4515:
4507:
4499:
4491:
4483:
4475:
4467:
4459:
4451:
4443:
4435:
4427:
4419:
4417:Akari (Astro-F)
4411:
4397:
4249:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4090:
4085:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4013:
4003:
4002:Other (particle
3997:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3812:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3703:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3570:
3561:
3553:
3537:
3532:
3524:
3516:
3508:
3492:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3424:
3419:
3389:
3384:
3369:
3363:
3351:
3303:
3290:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3225:
3203:
3161:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3050:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2959:
2940:
2542:
2533:
2528:
2492:
2443:
2427:
2417:Further reading
2394:
2389:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2234:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2125:(7643): 83β86.
2110:
2106:
2051:
2047:
1992:
1988:
1976:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1944:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1912:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1877:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1801:
1797:
1757:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1726:
1722:
1710:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1653:
1647:
1643:
1638:on 20 May 2012.
1632:"NuSTAR optics"
1630:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1524:
1516:
1514:
1503:
1499:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1402:
1394:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1324:
1320:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1288:
1279:
1267:
1259:
1257:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1041:Eddington limit
1024:
995:
979:IRAS 13224β3809
972:
952:
923:
918:
917:
916:
915:
914:
912:
909:
901:
900:
898:
895:
887:
886:
883:
849:
841:
755:
680:
679:
678:
677:
676:
673:
665:
664:
661:
650:
635:Kwajalein Atoll
622:
550:
535:active galaxies
516:X-ray telescope
458:
457:
451:
443:
403:
399:Collecting area
339:Apogee altitude
273:Kwajalein Atoll
191:
165:Spacecraft type
135:
116:
89:
84:
59:X-ray astronomy
45:
43:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7796:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7748:
7747:
7743:Crewed flights
7739:
7736:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7723:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7691:
7689:PlΓ©iades-HR 1B
7685:
7683:
7679:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7670:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7633:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7616:
7614:
7613:
7611:Progress M-17M
7608:
7603:
7596:
7591:
7582:
7573:
7564:
7558:
7556:
7552:
7551:
7549:
7548:
7543:
7534:
7525:
7520:
7471:
7457:
7455:
7451:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7438:
7433:
7424:
7415:
7408:Progress M-16M
7404:
7402:
7398:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7377:
7372:
7351:
7325:
7318:
7313:
7303:
7301:
7297:
7296:
7294:
7293:
7284:
7275:
7268:
7263:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7230:
7221:
7216:
7199:
7194:
7185:
7178:
7169:
7164:
7158:
7156:
7152:
7151:
7149:
7148:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7127:Progress M-15M
7124:
7117:
7111:
7109:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7082:Edoardo Amaldi
7077:
7075:
7071:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7015:
7009:
7007:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6999:
6997:Progress M-14M
6994:
6989:
6984:
6974:
6972:
6968:
6967:
6961:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6935:
6928:
6920:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6895:
6882:
6879:
6878:
6876:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6863:Astronauts Day
6860:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6785:
6783:
6779:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6723:
6716:
6709:
6702:
6695:
6694:
6693:
6679:
6672:
6664:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6636:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6615:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6577:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6537:
6532:
6526:
6524:
6522:and navigation
6520:Communications
6516:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6503:
6500:Europa Clipper
6496:
6491:
6485:
6483:
6479:
6478:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6469:
6468:
6458:
6457:
6456:
6451:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6394:
6393:
6392:
6382:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6301:
6294:
6286:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6272:
6259:
6252:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6240:
6227:
6222:
6215:
6208:
6203:
6196:
6191:
6183:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6148:
6136:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6094:
6092:
6085:
6075:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6011:
6009:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5954:New Millennium
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5925:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5908:
5905:
5904:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5842:
5837:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5796:
5794:
5787:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5759:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5621:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5561:
5555:
5549:
5542:
5540:
5527:
5520:
5519:
5512:
5511:
5504:
5497:
5489:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5264:
5256:
5248:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5216:
5208:
5200:
5192:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5173:
5165:
5156:
5154:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5134:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5102:
5094:
5086:
5078:
5070:
5062:
5054:
5046:
5038:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4990:
4982:
4974:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4919:
4911:
4903:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4863:
4855:
4847:
4839:
4831:
4823:
4815:
4807:
4799:
4791:
4783:
4775:
4767:
4759:
4751:
4743:
4735:
4727:
4719:
4711:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4679:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4647:
4639:
4631:
4623:
4615:
4607:
4599:
4591:
4583:
4578:Compton (CGRO)
4575:
4567:
4559:
4551:
4543:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4510:
4505:ASCA (Astro-D)
4502:
4494:
4486:
4478:
4470:
4462:
4454:
4446:
4438:
4430:
4422:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Hypertelescope
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4283:Fresnel Imager
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4007:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3926:Max Valier Sat
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3883:
3875:
3867:
3862:HXMT (Insight)
3859:
3854:Einstein Probe
3851:
3843:
3838:Chandra (AXAF)
3835:
3826:
3824:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3589:
3581:
3573:
3569:constellation
3564:
3556:
3547:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3441:
3439:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3316:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3229:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2996:85β89 (THEMIS)
2992:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:52 (Hawkeye 1)
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:44 (Solrad 10)
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2555:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2436:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2407:
2406:at caltech.edu
2404:NuSTAR website
2401:
2398:NuSTAR website
2393:
2392:External links
2390:
2388:
2387:
2326:
2301:
2228:
2203:
2178:
2104:
2045:
1986:
1954:
1922:
1887:
1848:
1795:
1745:
1738:
1720:
1698:
1641:
1623:
1609:
1582:
1560:
1534:
1497:
1470:
1448:
1412:
1376:
1344:
1318:
1277:
1238:
1216:
1190:
1165:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1082:
1079:Physics portal
1068:
1052:
1049:
1023:
1020:
994:
991:
987:accretion disk
971:
968:
951:
948:
922:
919:
910:
903:
902:
896:
889:
888:
884:
877:
876:
875:
874:
873:
869:accretion disk
848:
845:
840:
837:
806:semiconductors
754:
751:
691:mast. A laser
674:
667:
666:
662:
655:
654:
653:
652:
651:
649:
646:
621:
618:
549:
546:
512:Small Explorer
460:
459:
452:
445:
444:
439:
436:
435:
431:
430:
426:
425:
422:
421:
420:9.5 arcseconds
418:
414:
413:
410:
406:
405:
400:
396:
395:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
377:
376:Main telescope
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
361:
355:
354:
351:
345:
344:
341:
335:
334:
331:
325:
324:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
270:
266:
265:
259:
255:
254:
248:
244:
243:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
208:
204:
203:
200:
196:
195:
186:
182:
181:
176:
170:
169:
166:
162:
161:
160:Explorer XCIII
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
132:
128:
127:
114:
110:
109:
106:
97:
96:
82:
76:
75:
66:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
48:
47:
40:
36:
35:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7795:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7744:
7737:
7731:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7721:
7720:Soyuz TMA-07M
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7705:
7702:
7700:
7697:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7686:
7684:
7680:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7622:
7618:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7601:
7600:Soyuz TMA-06M
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7557:
7553:
7547:
7544:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7515:
7511:
7507:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7479:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7466:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7452:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7419:
7416:
7413:
7409:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7399:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7375:Tianlian I-03
7373:
7371:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7349:
7345:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7323:
7322:Soyuz TMA-05M
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7308:
7307:EchoStar XVII
7305:
7304:
7302:
7298:
7292:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7273:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7252:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7231:
7229:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7182:Soyuz TMA-04M
7179:
7177:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7122:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7106:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7072:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7030:UniCubeSat-GG
7027:
7023:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7004:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6979:
6978:Ziyuan III-01
6976:
6975:
6973:
6969:
6964:
6960:
6949:
6941:
6936:
6934:
6929:
6927:
6922:
6921:
6918:
6906:
6905:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6884:
6883:
6880:
6874:
6873:Nikon NASA F4
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6791:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6780:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6758:NASA insignia
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6738:Lunar plaques
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6728:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6717:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6703:
6701:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6691:
6690:Pale Blue Dot
6687:
6686:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6657:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6619:
6618:NASA missions
6616:
6614:
6613:NASA aircraft
6611:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6566:
6563:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6535:Space Network
6533:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6501:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6480:
6474:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6407:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6340:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6300:
6299:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6279:
6271:
6268:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6260:
6258:
6257:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6220:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6197:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6168:Space Shuttle
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6147:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6123:
6121:
6120:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6050:New Frontiers
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5959:Lunar Orbiter
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5900:
5899:Lunar Gateway
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5859:
5858:Constellation
5856:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5843:
5841:
5840:Space Shuttle
5838:
5835:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5805:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5680:
5679:
5678:NASA research
5676:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5632:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5616:
5613:
5610:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5598:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5571:
5568:
5565:
5562:
5559:
5556:
5553:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5531:
5528:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5510:
5505:
5503:
5498:
5496:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5475:
5467:
5466:
5463:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5268:
5265:
5260:
5257:
5252:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5236:
5233:
5228:
5225:
5220:
5217:
5212:
5209:
5204:
5201:
5196:
5193:
5188:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5169:
5166:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5147:
5138:
5135:
5130:
5127:
5122:
5119:
5114:
5111:
5106:
5103:
5098:
5097:Taiyo (SRATS)
5095:
5090:
5087:
5082:
5079:
5074:
5071:
5066:
5063:
5058:
5055:
5050:
5047:
5042:
5039:
5034:
5031:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5015:
5010:
5007:
5002:
4999:
4994:
4991:
4986:
4983:
4978:
4975:
4970:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4915:
4912:
4907:
4904:
4899:
4896:
4891:
4888:
4883:
4880:
4875:
4872:
4867:
4864:
4859:
4856:
4851:
4848:
4843:
4840:
4835:
4832:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4816:
4811:
4808:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4792:
4787:
4784:
4779:
4776:
4771:
4768:
4763:
4760:
4755:
4752:
4747:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4731:
4728:
4723:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4707:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4691:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4675:
4672:
4667:
4664:
4659:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4643:
4640:
4635:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4619:
4616:
4611:
4608:
4603:
4600:
4595:
4592:
4587:
4584:
4579:
4576:
4571:
4568:
4563:
4560:
4555:
4552:
4547:
4544:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4506:
4503:
4498:
4495:
4490:
4487:
4482:
4479:
4474:
4471:
4466:
4463:
4458:
4455:
4450:
4447:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4431:
4426:
4423:
4418:
4415:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4243:
4240:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4216:
4211:
4208:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4178:Solar-C EUVST
4176:
4171:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4084:
4081:
4076:
4075:Solar Orbiter
4073:
4068:
4065:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4049:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4028:
4025:
4020:
4017:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4000:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3932:
3927:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3900:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3806:
3803:
3798:
3795:
3790:
3789:Solar Orbiter
3787:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3771:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3755:
3750:
3747:
3742:
3739:
3734:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3593:
3590:
3585:
3582:
3577:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3531:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3515:
3512:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3486:
3483:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3467:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3453:Solar Orbiter
3451:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3416:
3411:
3409:
3404:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
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3193:76 (TERRIERS)
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1255:
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1201:Ray, Justin.
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966:and IC 3639.
965:
961:
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947:
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865:event horizon
862:
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829:cesium iodide
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823:
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795:field of view
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497:astrophysical
494:
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471:, also named
470:
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455:
450:(Explorer 92)
449:
446:←
442:
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138:(in progress)
133:
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115:
111:
107:
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87:
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81:
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70:
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41:
37:
30:
25:
19:
7742:
7718:
7694:Eutelsat 70B
7655:EchoStar XVI
7636:Eutelsat 21B
7598:
7589:Shijian 9-02
7585:Shijian 9-01
7567:SpaceX CRS-1
7482:SMDC-ONE 1.2
7478:SMDC-ONE 1.1
7431:Ekspress-MD2
7320:
7270:
7265:
7232:
7228:New Frontier
7180:
7119:
7081:
6987:Fengyun 2-07
6903:
6891:
6725:
6718:
6712:
6704:
6697:
6688:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6498:
6447:Perseverance
6446:
6408:
6401:
6396:
6378:
6338:
6321:
6305:New Horizons
6303:
6296:
6289:
6262:
6254:
6230:
6218:
6211:
6198:
6186:
6178:
6139:
6131:
6124:
6117:
5846:
5830:ApolloβSoyuz
5322:
5305:
5149:Hibernating
4901:(2016β2019?)
4444:(1962, 1964)
4338:Nano-JASMINE
4162:NEO Surveyor
4086:(since 2006)
4078:(since 2020)
4070:(since 1995)
4062:(since 2019)
4054:(since 2017)
4046:(since 2008)
4038:(since 2015)
4030:(since 2015)
4022:(since 2011)
4014:(since 1997)
3993:(since 1999)
3985:(since 2024)
3977:(since 2023)
3969:(since 2022)
3961:(since 2012)
3957:
3953:(since 2017)
3945:(since 2018)
3937:(since 2009)
3929:(since 2017)
3921:(since 2004)
3913:(since 2024)
3905:(since 2019)
3897:(since 2021)
3889:(since 2020)
3881:(since 2008)
3873:(since 2002)
3865:(since 2017)
3857:(since 2024)
3849:(since 2015)
3841:(since 1999)
3833:(since 2015)
3808:(since 2004)
3800:(since 2006)
3792:(since 2020)
3784:(since 2008)
3776:(since 1995)
3768:(since 2010)
3760:(since 2013)
3752:(since 2006)
3744:(since 2021)
3736:(since 2015)
3728:(since 2022)
3720:(since 2023)
3699:(since 2018)
3691:(since 2004)
3683:(since 2008)
3675:(since 1995)
3667:(since 2010)
3659:(since 2001)
3651:(since 2013)
3643:(since 2006)
3635:(since 1990)
3627:(since 2005)
3619:(since 2013)
3611:(since 2021)
3603:(since 2023)
3595:(since 2015)
3587:(since 2019)
3579:(since 2021)
3571:(since 2013)
3562:(since 2015)
3554:(since 2018)
3533:(since 2009)
3525:(since 2008)
3517:(since 2001)
3509:(since 2022)
3488:(since 2024)
3480:(since 1994)
3472:(since 2018)
3464:(since 2006)
3456:(since 2020)
3448:(since 2018)
3375:
3364:Green titles
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3210:82 (CHIPSat)
3154:
3147:
3140:
3112:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
2791:40 (Injun 5)
2686:S-66A (BE-A)
2490:the original
2451:
2447:
2431:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2313:
2304:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2219:. Retrieved
2215:
2206:
2194:. Retrieved
2190:
2181:
2122:
2118:
2107:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1967:. Retrieved
1957:
1935:. Retrieved
1925:
1903:. Retrieved
1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
1808:
1804:
1798:
1765:
1761:
1748:
1729:
1723:
1714:
1701:
1690:the original
1661:
1657:
1644:
1636:the original
1626:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1596:the original
1585:
1573:. Retrieved
1563:
1551:. Retrieved
1547:the original
1537:
1515:. Retrieved
1511:the original
1500:
1461:. Retrieved
1451:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:the original
1415:
1393:. Retrieved
1389:the original
1379:
1357:. Retrieved
1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1331:
1321:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:the original
1258:. Retrieved
1254:the original
1229:. Retrieved
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1181:. Retrieved
1156:. Retrieved
1149:
1137:
1034:
1005:
973:
953:
939:Cassiopeia A
932:
850:
842:
833:Saint-Gobain
826:
799:
772:
740:
736:
728:
709:
698:
681:
643:
623:
559:
555:
551:
543:
528:
509:
483:space-based
476:
472:
468:
464:
463:
440:
391:Focal length
363:96.8 minutes
276:
207:Payload mass
185:Manufacturer
137:
71: /
55:Mission type
18:
7673:ChinaSat 12
7650:Huanjing 1C
7640:Star One C3
7594:Intelsat 23
7494:AeroCube 4B
7490:AeroCube 4A
7436:Intelsat 21
7418:Intelsat 20
7388:Kosmos 2481
7370:exactView-1
7328:Kounotori 3
7261:Intelsat 19
7240:ChinaSat 2A
7197:Kosmos 2480
7094:Kosmos 2479
7089:Intelsat 22
6982:VesselSat-2
6733:Deep fields
6661:and artwork
6659:NASA images
6231:Opportunity
5700:NASA Social
5526:and history
5262:(2014β2015)
5214:(2012β2013)
5180:Lost/Failed
5171:(1998β2010)
5163:(1998β2005)
5140:(1991β2001)
5132:(2001β2010)
5116:(1970β1973)
5108:(1983β1985)
5100:(1975β1980)
5092:(2005β2015)
5084:(2003β2020)
5076:(2011β2019)
5068:(1979β1985)
5060:(1975β1979)
5052:(1972β1973)
5044:(1992β2004)
5036:(1995β2012)
5028:(1990β1999)
5020:(2002β2018)
5012:(1983β1984)
5004:(2009β2013)
4988:(2006β2016)
4917:(1972β1981)
4909:(1968β1973)
4893:(1996β1997)
4885:(2003β2019)
4877:(2015β2017)
4869:(2015β2017)
4861:(1997β2002)
4853:(1990β2001)
4845:(2009β2018)
4837:(1996β2004)
4829:(1978β1996)
4821:(1996β1998)
4813:(1995β1996)
4789:(1989β1993)
4781:(2000β2008)
4773:(1979β1981)
4765:(1978β1982)
4757:(2013β2023)
4749:(1981β1991)
4741:(2009β2013)
4733:(1977β1979)
4725:(1997β2005)
4717:(1979β1985)
4709:(1989β1998)
4701:(1987β1991)
4693:(1990β1992)
4685:(2003β2013)
4677:(1987β2001)
4669:(1999β2007)
4661:(1992β2001)
4653:(1983β1986)
4642:Explorer 11
4613:(2017β2019)
4605:(1989β1993)
4597:(1975β1982)
4589:(2006β2013)
4581:(1991β2000)
4573:(2003β2008)
4565:(1996β2003)
4557:(1974β1976)
4549:(1983β1991)
4508:(1993β2000)
4500:(1973β1974)
4492:(2017β2019)
4484:(1979β1982)
4476:(1974β1980)
4468:(1971β1972)
4460:(1967β1969)
4436:(1962β1972)
4428:(1993β2005)
4420:(2006β2011)
4412:(2007β2024)
3709:Ultraviolet
3370:Grey titles
3198:79 (HETE-2)
3114:93 (NuSTAR)
3089:81 (RHESSI)
3064:68 (SAMPEX)
2906:61 (Magsat)
2881:56 (ISEE-1)
2771:36 (GEOS-B)
2736:29 (GEOS-A)
2400:at nasa.gov
1337:28 November
1154:. June 2012
1006:NuSTAR and
943:titanium-44
787:eV Products
531:black holes
473:Explorer 93
429:Instruments
409:Wavelengths
349:Inclination
269:Launch site
247:Launch date
199:Launch mass
42:Explorer 93
7757:Categories
7668:Yaogan 16C
7664:Yaogan 16B
7660:Yaogan 16A
7645:Meridian 6
7631:Yamal-300K
7606:Compass G6
7532:Compass-M6
7528:Compass-M5
7486:AeroCube 4
7354:Kanopus-V1
7272:Shenzhou 9
7167:Tianhui 1B
7146:Compass-M4
7142:Compass-M3
7060:Compass-G5
6821:Moon rocks
6581:Astronauts
6574:NASA lists
6431:OSIRIS-REx
6265:helicopter
6133:Pioneer 11
6126:Pioneer 10
5929:Hitchhiker
5804:suborbital
5641:Space Race
5121:Vanguard 3
4433:Alouette 1
4273:AstroSat-2
3990:XMM-Newton
3506:James Webb
3094:83 (GALEX)
3074:73 (TRACE)
3038:HelioSwarm
2989:84 (Swift)
2971:78 (IMAGE)
2856:53 (SAS-C)
2841:50 (IMP-J)
2836:49 (RAE-B)
2831:48 (SAS-B)
2826:47 (IMP-H)
2816:45 (SSS-A)
2806:43 (IMP-I)
2796:41 (IMP-G)
2781:38 (RAE-A)
2766:35 (IMP-E)
2761:34 (IMP-F)
2756:33 (IMP-D)
2746:31 (DME-A)
2731:28 (IMP-C)
2721:26 (EPE-D)
2706:23 (S-55C)
2696:21 (IMP-B)
2676:18 (IMP-A)
2666:16 (S-55B)
2661:15 (EPE-C)
2656:14 (EPE-B)
2651:13 (S-55A)
2646:12 (EPE-A)
2561:Explorer 1
2454:: 77320S.
2381:2299/25784
2353:2112.00339
2346:(2): 125.
2255:2107.13555
2132:1703.00071
2072:1610.08997
2065:(2). 245.
2013:1701.00497
2006:(2): 165.
1811:: 814507.
1805:Proc. SPIE
1768:: 743503.
1762:Proc. SPIE
1664:: 77320T.
1260:15 October
1231:15 October
1130:References
1008:XMM-Newton
983:XMM-Newton
941:shows the
853:XMM-Newton
743:arcseconds
689:deployable
626:Pegasus XL
604:, and the
524:XMM-Newton
417:Resolution
285:Contractor
262:Pegasus XL
215:Dimensions
157:Spacecraft
7726:Skynet 5D
7714:GΓΆktΓΌrk-2
7699:Yamal-402
7571:Orbcomm-2
7465:PROITERES
7454:September
7344:TechEdSat
7282:Quasar 18
7245:Yaogan 15
7206:Kompsat 3
7192:Vinasat-2
7176:Tiantuo 1
7172:Yaogan 14
7132:YahSat-1B
7022:ALMASat-1
6848:Moon tree
6669:Earthrise
6544:Goldstone
6441:Mars 2020
6410:Voyager 2
6403:Voyager 1
6339:Curiosity
6283:operating
6281:Currently
6263:Ingenuity
6200:MESSENGER
6179:Sojourner
6108:Mercury 3
6098:Apollo 11
6045:Discovery
6035:Explorers
5624:Augustine
5588:Augustine
5324:Eddington
5279:Cancelled
4786:Hipparcos
4194:Spektr-UV
4059:Mini-EUSO
4051:ISS-CREAM
3902:Spektr-RG
3822:Gamma-ray
3717:Aditya-L1
3608:Hayabusa2
3485:Queqiao 2
3429:Operating
3315:Proposals
3308:Proposals
3188:72 (SNOE)
3135:97 (IXPE)
3121:94 (IRIS)
3107:91 (IBEX)
3084:75 (WIRE)
3079:74 (SWAS)
3069:70 (FAST)
3017:96 (ICON)
3010:95 (TESS)
3003:92 (WISE)
2976:80 (WMAP)
2966:77 (FUSE)
2954:69 (RXTE)
2936:67 (EUVE)
2931:66 (COBE)
2916:63 (DE-2)
2911:62 (DE-1)
2901:60 (SAGE)
2891:58 (HCMM)
2866:55 (AE-E)
2861:54 (AE-D)
2846:51 (AE-C)
2786:39 (AD-C)
2751:32 (AE-B)
2726:27 (BE-C)
2711:24 (AD-B)
2701:22 (BE-B)
2691:20 (IE-A)
2681:19 (AD-A)
2671:17 (AE-A)
2631:11 (S-15)
2616:9 (S-56A)
2554:1958β1992
2486:121923451
2461:1008.1362
2296:236493644
2280:0028-0836
2157:0028-0836
1969:7 January
1905:12 August
1818:1109.0378
1790:122500874
1686:121831705
929:Andromeda
814:electrons
753:Detectors
707:energy).
693:metrology
278:Stargazer
179:LEOStar-2
86:2012-031A
80:COSPAR ID
7682:December
7620:November
7537:Astra 2F
7518:CINEMA 1
7427:Telkom-3
7412:Sfera-53
7384:Gonets-M
7380:Gonets-M
7188:JCSAT-13
7099:Apstar 7
7026:Xatcobeo
7006:February
6892:Category
6554:Canberra
6466:timeline
6454:timeline
6390:timeline
6346:timeline
6243:observed
6238:timeline
6206:Aquarius
6146:timeline
6119:Magellan
6081:missions
5979:Surveyor
5915:programs
5845:Shuttleβ
5786:programs
5618:Aldridge
5537:creation
5375:Sentinel
5073:Spektr-R
5009:RELIKT-1
4850:Kristall
4738:Herschel
4562:BeppoSAX
4318:JEM-EUSO
4313:iWF-MAXI
4255:Proposed
4218:LiteBIRD
4210:Spektr-M
3942:MinXSS-2
3870:INTEGRAL
3733:Astrosat
3559:Astrosat
3498:Infrared
3204:INTEGRAL
3100:90 (AIM)
2960:71 (ACE)
2926:65 (CCE)
2921:64 (SME)
2896:59 (ICE)
2886:57 (IUE)
2821:46 (MTS)
2596:7 (S-1A)
2547:Missions
2434:: 24β27.
2319:24 April
2288:34321670
2221:24 April
2196:24 April
2165:28252065
2099:36679784
2040:11258638
1937:24 April
1843:12785111
1482:"NuSTAR"
1301:17 March
1051:See also
964:NGC 1448
958:and the
861:NGC 1365
720:coatings
716:mandrels
588:(GSFC),
412:3β79 keV
122:.caltech
65:Operator
7704:USA-240
7627:Luch 5B
7562:USA-239
7555:October
7541:GSAT-10
7523:MetOp-B
7474:USA-238
7469:mRESINS
7422:HYLAS 2
7362:Zond-PP
7358:BelKA-2
7336:We-Wish
7291:Orion 8
7287:USA-237
7278:USA-236
7219:Nimiq 6
7214:Horyu 2
7202:Shizuku
7162:USA-235
7137:RISAT-1
7115:USA-234
7046:MaSat-1
7034:ROBUSTA
6992:USA-233
6971:January
6904:Commons
6782:Related
6591:by year
6586:by name
6363:GOES 15
6353:GOES 14
6270:flights
6256:InSight
6212:Cassini
6140:Galileo
6065:SIMPLEx
6040:Voyager
6008:Current
5964:Pioneer
5934:Mariner
5913:Robotic
5894:Artemis
5867:Current
5810:Mercury
5802: (
5695:NASA TV
5634:General
5533:History
5424:Related
5335:FINESSE
5313:Destiny
5296:Astro-G
5259:Tsubame
5251:Astro-E
5227:ABRIXAS
5081:Spitzer
5065:Solwind
5017:R/HESSI
4977:Orion 2
4969:Orion 1
4674:Kvant-1
4570:CHIPSat
4533:Astro-2
4513:Astro-1
4489:ASTERIA
4481:Ariel 6
4473:Ariel 5
4465:Ariel 4
4457:Ariel 3
4449:Ariel 2
4441:Ariel 1
4402:Retired
4393:THESEUS
4378:Solar-D
4373:PhoENiX
4213:(2030+)
4170:JASMINE
4138:Xuntian
4106:SPHEREx
4099:Planned
3648:NEOSSat
3543:Optical
3469:Queqiao
3376:Italics
3322:FINESSE
3271:SunRISE
3149:TRACERS
3024:SPHEREx
2591:6 (S-2)
2466:Bibcode
2358:Bibcode
2260:Bibcode
2173:4394261
2137:Bibcode
2077:Bibcode
2018:Bibcode
1870:3 March
1823:Bibcode
1770:Bibcode
1715:HEASARC
1666:Bibcode
1602:15 June
1575:20 July
1517:20 July
1463:20 July
1431:20 July
1395:20 July
1359:20 July
1225:"About"
1209:13 June
1158:16 June
1047:(ULX).
1037:M82 X-2
580:(DTU),
572:(JPL),
564:of the
548:History
479:) is a
477:SMEX-11
120:.nustar
113:Website
101:SATCAT
46:SMEX-11
7546:VRSS-1
7498:Aeneas
7461:SPOT 6
7445:RBSP-B
7441:RBSP-A
7401:August
7386:No.4,
7382:No.3,
7340:Niwaka
7266:NuSTAR
7065:MUOS-1
7050:PW-Sat
7042:Goliat
7038:e-st@r
6963:2013 β
6948:β 2011
6549:Madrid
6482:Future
6397:NuSTAR
6328:THEMIS
6250:RHESSI
6187:Spirit
5984:Viking
5974:Ranger
5825:Skylab
5820:Apollo
5815:Gemini
5673:Budget
5626:(2009)
5620:(2004)
5614:(2004)
5608:(2003)
5602:(2002)
5600:CFUSAI
5596:(1996)
5590:(1990)
5584:(1989)
5578:(1987)
5572:(1986)
5570:Rogers
5566:(1986)
5560:(1958)
5554:(1958)
5548:(1915)
5524:Policy
5400:TAUVEX
5307:Darwin
5286:Aelita
5270:(2016)
5254:(2000)
5246:(1999)
5238:(1996)
5235:HETE-1
5230:(1999)
5222:(1965)
5206:(1976)
5198:(1970)
5190:(1966)
5124:(1959)
5041:SAMPEX
5001:Planck
4996:(2018)
4993:PicSat
4985:PAMELA
4980:(1973)
4972:(1971)
4874:MinXSS
4842:Kepler
4805:(1983)
4797:(2024)
4778:HETE-2
4770:HEAO-3
4730:HEAO-1
4706:Granat
4650:EXOSAT
4645:(1961)
4637:(2010)
4629:(2008)
4621:(1993)
4610:CXBN-2
4546:Astron
4541:(1995)
4516:(1990)
4452:(1964)
4425:ALEXIS
4368:PETREL
4328:LUVOIR
4278:EXCEDE
4245:(2035)
4237:(2035)
4234:Athena
4229:(2033)
4221:(2032)
4205:(2030)
4197:(2030)
4189:(2029)
4181:(2028)
4173:(2028)
4165:(2027)
4157:(2027)
4149:(2027)
4141:(2026)
4133:(2026)
4125:(2026)
4117:(2026)
4114:K-EUSO
4109:(2025)
4083:STEREO
4019:AMS-02
3982:XPoSat
3958:NuSTAR
3797:STEREO
3741:Hibari
3632:Hubble
3624:HiRISE
3600:Euclid
3592:DSCOVR
3584:CHEOPS
3461:STEREO
3347:ESCAPE
3342:EXCEDE
3232:Hitomi
3220:Suzaku
3183:HETE-1
2876:DADE-B
2871:DADE-A
2484:
2314:NuSTAR
2294:
2286:
2278:
2242:Nature
2216:NuSTAR
2191:NuSTAR
2171:
2163:
2155:
2119:Nature
2097:
2038:
1841:
1788:
1736:
1684:
1553:31 May
1183:2 July
791:pixels
781:(CsI)
705:K-edge
648:Optics
620:Launch
465:NuSTAR
359:Period
353:6.027Β°
318:Regime
258:Rocket
22:NuSTAR
7576:David
7506:CSSWE
7366:TET-1
7332:Raiko
7316:SES-5
7311:MSG-3
7210:SDS-4
7108:April
7074:March
7055:SES-4
7018:LARES
7013:Navid
6494:NISAR
6449:rover
6421:MAVEN
6341:rover
6322:Swift
6233:rover
6194:LADEE
6189:rover
6181:rover
6158:GRAIL
6153:GALEX
5944:MESUR
5889:Orion
5690:NASA+
5666:Chief
5564:Paine
5395:SPOrt
5390:SPICA
5370:OSO K
5365:OSO J
5219:OSO C
5203:CORSA
5195:OAO-B
5187:OAO-1
5168:TRACE
5113:Uhuru
5057:SAS-C
5049:SAS-B
5025:ROSAT
4962:OSO 8
4957:OSO 7
4952:OSO 6
4947:OSO 5
4942:OSO 4
4937:OSO 3
4932:OSO B
4927:OSO 1
4906:OAO-2
4858:LEGRI
4794:ILO-X
4690:Gamma
4682:GALEX
4634:EPOXI
4626:EPOCh
4594:Cos-B
4586:CoRoT
4521:BBXRT
4409:AGILE
4388:THEIA
4358:ORBIS
4308:ILO-1
4293:HabEx
4288:FOCAL
4263:Arcus
4226:Taiji
4186:ARIEL
4130:PLATO
4035:DAMPE
4027:CALET
3974:XRISM
3950:NICER
3918:Swift
3886:GECAM
3878:Fermi
3846:DAMPE
3830:CALET
3818:X-ray
3805:Swift
3781:SOLAR
3725:ASO-S
3688:Swift
3680:SOLAR
3576:CHASE
3567:BRITE
3522:SOLAR
3337:ASTRE
3332:OHMIC
3327:Arcus
3258:GUSTO
3252:XRISM
3238:NICER
3226:TWINS
3215:CINDI
3142:PUNCH
2946:MIDEX
2636:S-45A
2601:S-46A
2493:(PDF)
2482:S2CID
2456:arXiv
2444:(PDF)
2428:(PDF)
2348:arXiv
2292:S2CID
2250:arXiv
2169:S2CID
2127:arXiv
2095:S2CID
2067:arXiv
2036:S2CID
2008:arXiv
1839:S2CID
1813:arXiv
1786:S2CID
1758:(PDF)
1711:(PDF)
1693:(PDF)
1682:S2CID
1654:(PDF)
1146:(PDF)
1118:XRISM
1002:side.
812:into
491:to a
485:X-ray
264:(F41)
228:watts
223:Power
108:38358
39:Names
7514:CXBN
7300:July
7254:June
7234:Fajr
6956:2012
6473:PACE
6416:WISE
6379:Juno
6219:Dawn
6163:WMAP
6103:COBE
6091:Past
5922:Past
5800:X-15
5793:Past
5606:CAIB
5576:Ride
5546:NACA
5516:NASA
5415:XIPE
5410:XEUS
5385:SNAP
5360:LOFT
5355:JDEM
5340:GEMS
5330:FAME
5318:EChO
5291:AOSO
5243:WIRE
5211:CXBN
5160:SWAS
5129:WMAP
5033:RXTE
4882:MOST
4834:IXAE
4810:IRTS
4802:IRAS
4666:FUSE
4658:EUVE
4602:COBE
4333:Lynx
4323:LUCI
4242:LISA
4202:UVEX
4154:LORD
4146:COSI
4067:SOHO
4043:IBEX
3966:LEIA
3934:MAXI
3910:SVOM
3894:IXPE
3820:and
3773:SOHO
3757:IRIS
3696:TESS
3672:SOHO
3656:Odin
3616:Gaia
3530:WISE
3514:Odin
3477:Wind
3445:NCLE
3285:CASE
3278:EZIE
3245:GOLD
3167:UNEX
3156:COSI
3128:GEMS
3056:SMEX
3045:UVEX
3031:MUSE
2982:FAME
2641:S-55
2621:S-45
2611:S-56
2452:7732
2321:2023
2284:PMID
2276:ISSN
2223:2023
2198:2023
2161:PMID
2153:ISSN
1971:2017
1939:2015
1907:2014
1872:2013
1809:8145
1766:7435
1734:ISBN
1662:7732
1604:2012
1577:2011
1555:2012
1519:2011
1465:2011
1433:2011
1397:2011
1361:2011
1339:2022
1303:2012
1262:2017
1233:2017
1211:2012
1185:2015
1160:2012
612:and
522:and
481:NASA
475:and
454:IRIS
448:IBEX
381:Type
226:750
124:.edu
69:NASA
7580:Sif
7510:CP5
7392:MiR
7348:F-1
7155:May
7084:ATV
6426:MMS
5847:Mir
5405:TPF
5350:IXO
5345:HOP
4890:MSX
4826:IUE
4818:ISO
4618:DXS
4554:ANS
4537:HUT
4526:HUT
4497:ATM
4363:OST
4298:HWO
4011:ACE
3765:SDO
3664:SDO
3551:Aoi
3264:AWE
2586:S-1
2474:doi
2376:hdl
2366:doi
2344:937
2268:doi
2246:595
2145:doi
2123:543
2085:doi
2063:833
2026:doi
2004:836
1831:doi
1778:doi
1674:doi
1332:CNN
976:AGN
631:UTC
505:keV
252:UTC
174:Bus
118:www
103:no.
73:JPL
7759::
7728:,
7666:,
7662:,
7638:,
7629:,
7587:,
7578:,
7569:,
7539:,
7530:,
7516:,
7512:,
7508:,
7504:,
7502:Re
7500:,
7496:,
7492:,
7488:,
7484:,
7480:,
7476:,
7467:,
7463:,
7443:,
7429:,
7420:,
7390:,
7368:,
7364:,
7360:,
7356:,
7346:,
7342:,
7338:,
7334:,
7309:,
7289:/
7280:/
7226:,
7212:,
7208:,
7204:,
7190:,
7174:,
7144:,
7048:,
7044:,
7040:,
7036:,
7032:,
7028:,
7024:,
7020:,
6980:,
4539:)
3171:MO
2626:10
2480:.
2472:.
2464:.
2446:.
2430:.
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2342:.
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2135:.
2121:.
2117:.
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2083:.
2075:.
2061:.
2057:.
2034:.
2024:.
2016:.
2002:.
1998:.
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1851:^
1837:.
1829:.
1821:.
1784:.
1776:.
1760:.
1713:.
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1656:.
1473:^
1280:^
1241:^
1193:^
1168:^
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