332:
be useful to estimate individual and population biogeographical ancestry. Brazilian population is characterized by a genetic background of three parental populations (European, African, and
Brazilian Native Amerindians) with a wide degree and diverse patterns of admixture. In this work we analyzed the information content of 28 ancestry-informative SNPs into multiplexed panels using three parental population sources (African, Amerindian, and European) to infer the genetic admixture in an urban sample of the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. The SNPs assigned apart the parental populations from each other and thus can be applied for ancestry estimation in a three hybrid admixed population. Data was used to infer genetic ancestry in Brazilians with an admixture model. Pairwise estimates of F(st) among the five Brazilian geopolitical regions suggested little genetic differentiation only between the South and the remaining regions. Estimates of ancestry results are consistent with the heterogeneous genetic profile of Brazilian population, with a major contribution of European ancestry (0.771) followed by African (0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bioanthropological studies but it can be mainly valuable to control for spurious results in genetic association studies in admixed populations."
123:
prevalent in all urban populations (with some values up to 74%). The populations in the North consisted of a significant proportion of Native
American ancestry that was about two times higher than the African contribution. Conversely, in the Northeast, Center-West and Southeast, African ancestry was the second most prevalent. At an intrapopulation level, all urban populations were highly admixed, and most of the variation in ancestry proportions was observed between individuals within each population rather than among population'.
27:
550:
According to another autosomal DNA study from 2008, by the
University of Brasília (UnB), European ancestry dominates in the whole of Brazil (in all regions), accounting for 65.90% of heritage of the population, followed by the African contribution (24.80%) and the Native American (9.3%); the European
603:
Saloum De Neves Manta, Fernanda; Pereira, Rui; Vianna, Romulo; Rodolfo
Beuttenmüller De Araújo, Alfredo; Leite Góes Gitaí, Daniel; Aparecida Da Silva, Dayse; De Vargas Wolfgramm, Eldamária; Da Mota Pontes, Isabel; Ivan Aguiar, José; Ozório Moraes, Milton; Fagundes De Carvalho, Elizeu; Gusmão, Leonor
114:
Northeast
Brazilians are a result of the mixing of Europeans, Africans and Native Americans. The African ancestry is significant particularly in the coastal areas. Especially in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco and Maranhão where Blacks and pardos with significant African ancestry are a majority, or
331:
by a team of the
Catholic University of Brasília, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as colour of skin, eyes and hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies (regardless of census classification). Ancestry informative SNPs can
232:
A 2011 autosomal DNA study, with nearly 1000 samples from all over the country ("whites", "pardos" and "blacks"), found a major
European contribution, followed by a high African contribution and an important Native American component. The study showed that Brazilians from different regions are more
122:
An autosomal study from 2013, with nearly 1300 samples from all of the
Brazilian regions, found a slightly pred. degree of European ancestry combined with African and Native American contributions, in varying degrees. 'Following an increasing North to South gradient, European ancestry was the most
718:
Pena, Sérgio D. J.; Di Pietro, Giuliano; Fuchshuber-Moraes, Mateus; Genro, Julia
Pasqualini; Hutz, Mara H.; Kehdy, Fernanda de Souza Gomes; Kohlrausch, Fabiana; Magno, Luiz Alexandre Viana; Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho; Moraes, Manoel Odorico; de Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral; de Moraes, Milene
326:
According to an autosomal DNA study from 2010, a new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of
Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the
118:
The composition of the Northeast of Brazil compared to other regions of Brazil according to autosomal genetic studies focused on the Brazilian population (which has been found to be a complex melting pot of European, African and Native Americans components):
558:, vol 37, number 1), led by the geneticists D. F. Roberts e R. W. Hiorns, found out the average the Northeastern Brazilian to be predominantly European in ancestry (65%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions (25% and 9%).
813:
664:
876:
basandos en estudios del IBGE de 2008. Se presentaron muestras de 12.886 individuos de distintas etnias, por regiones, provenían en un 8,26% del Norte, 23,86% del Nordeste, 4,79% del Centro-Oeste, 10,32% del Sudeste y 52,77% del
719:
Raiol; Ojopi, Élida B.; Perini, Jamila A.; Racciopi, Clarice; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos; Rios-Santos, Fabrício; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Sortica, Vinicius A.; Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme (2011). Harpending, Henry (ed.).
115:
a significant plurality. The Native American ancestry is also present in all states, though more significant in Ceará and Maranhão. Northeast Brazilians also have a significant degree of European ancestry.
441:
An autosomal DNA study from 2009 found a similar profile "all the Brazilian samples (regions) lie more closely to the European group than to the African populations or to the Mestizos from Mexico."
889:
327:
population. The variation between the regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific
86:
A major part of its territory is made of an extensive plateau, old and flattened by erosion. Due to different physical characteristics, the region can be divided into four sub-regions:
233:
homogeneous than previously thought by some based on the census alone. "Brazilian homogeneity is, therefore, a lot greater between Brazilian regions than within Brazilian regions."
962:
782:
907:
869:
941:
1184:
867:
Forensic Science International: Genetics. Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian population (inglés)
1030:
1463:
950:
985:
1519:
779:
1542:
934:
821:
672:
904:
1488:
567:
1547:
1141:
721:"The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil is More Uniform Than Expected"
886:
1177:
814:"Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs"
665:"Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs"
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927:
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183:
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167:
68:
20:
1473:
797:
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1421:
1388:
1212:
812:
Lins, T. C.; Vieira, R. G.; Abreu, B. S.; Grattapaglia, D.; Pereira, R. W. (March–April 2009).
663:
Lins, T. C.; Vieira, R. G.; Abreu, B. S.; Grattapaglia, D.; Pereira, R. W. (March–April 2009).
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8:
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43:
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ancestry being the dominant ancestry in all regions including the Northeast of Brazil.
1100:
1073:
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51:) is the oldest populated by Europeans (also with the oldest fossils that suggests
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102:. In the Socio-Geographic division of Brazil, parts of meio-norte are considered
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1536:
1048:
52:
1383:
1239:
842:
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641:
91:
76:
606:"Revisiting the Genetic Ancestry of Brazilians Using Autosomal AIM-Indels"
26:
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72:
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Its area is approximately 1,542,271 km², made up of the official
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19:
For the political and statistical region known as the Nordeste, see
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1317:
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873:
554:
A study from 1965, "Methods of Analysis of a Hybrid Population" (
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55:
in Brazil) and currently the second most populous area of
773:
30:
Map of the Socio-Geographic Region of the Northeast
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798:DNA de brasileiro é 80% europeu, indica estudo
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16:Socio-geographic division of Brazil
13:
14:
1559:
822:American Journal of Human Biology
673:American Journal of Human Biology
329:American Journal of Human Biology
34:The socio-geographic division of
568:Brazil socio-geographic division
109:
898:
880:
791:
596:
1:
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75:, but including the north of
748:10.1371/journal.pone.0017063
623:10.1371/journal.pone.0075145
71:, minus the western half of
7:
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10:
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1464:Saint Peter and Saint Paul
18:
1520:Proposed federative units
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905:BVGF - A Obra / OpЩsculos
40:Portuguese pronunciation:
1543:Northeast Region, Brazil
780:Nossa herança europeia —
518:Southeast Region, Brazil
409:Southeast Region, Brazil
21:Northeast Region, Brazil
1474:Trindade and Martim Vaz
62:
1548:Demographics of Brazil
1213:Subdivisions of Brazil
59:(42,822,100 in 1990).
31:
29:
1436:Notable archipelagos
951:Indigenous languages
81:Jequitinhonha Valley
44:[nɔʁˈdɛstʃi]
1444:Fernando de Noronha
1323:Rio Grande do Norte
986:Trans–São Francisco
739:2011PLoSO...617063P
502:West-Central Brazil
486:Northeast of Brazil
393:West-Central Brazil
377:Northeast of Brazil
278:Northeast of Brazil
184:Central-West Region
1361:Mato Grosso do Sul
1130:Proposed groupings
910:2002-04-23 at the
892:2011-07-06 at the
835:10.1002/ajhb.20976
785:2011-09-27 at the
686:10.1002/ajhb.20976
106:and not Nordeste.
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872:2011-04-08 at
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1384:Minas Gerais
1031:unclassified
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110:Demographics
92:zona da mata
85:
77:Minas Gerais
66:
48:
35:
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1454:Rocas Atoll
1356:Mato Grosso
1338:Center-West
1537:Categories
1502:Centro-Sul
1313:Pernambuco
590:References
582:Centro-Sul
88:meio-norte
1394:São Paulo
1371:Southeast
1280:Northeast
1270:Tocantins
1054:Pankararú
851:205301927
702:205301927
49:Northeast
1507:Nordeste
1303:Maranhão
1260:Rondônia
1250:Amazonas
1137:Macro-Jê
1116:Tremembé
1111:Tarairiú
1106:Katembri
1092:(Fulniô)
1076:(Atikum)
1069:Kapinawá
1027:Isolates
1005:Xukuruan
996:Masakará
963:Families
908:Archived
890:Archived
870:Archived
843:19639555
783:Archived
767:21359226
726:PLoS ONE
694:19639555
642:24073242
610:PLOS ONE
604:(2013).
562:See also
453:European
344:European
245:European
135:European
73:Maranhão
36:Nordeste
1328:Sergipe
1308:Paraíba
1288:Alagoas
1265:Roraima
1194:Regions
1152:Amerind
1080:Kambiwá
1015:Paratió
874:WebCite
758:3040205
735:Bibcode
650:5791115
633:3779230
458:African
429:87.70%
416:14.10%
413:79.90%
403:11.80%
400:18.70%
397:65.90%
384:13.60%
381:77.40%
371:10.70%
368:18.20%
365:71.10%
349:African
317:10.30%
314:79.50%
301:17.30%
298:74.20%
285:29.30%
282:60.10%
272:18.50%
269:10.50%
266:68.80%
250:African
140:African
96:agreste
1412:Paraná
1202:Brazil
1198:states
1121:Gamela
1101:Kaimbé
1096:Baenan
1044:Wakoná
1010:Xukuru
991:Kamakã
981:Kariri
971:Tupian
849:
841:
765:
755:
700:
692:
648:
640:
630:
538:81.5%
525:32.0%
522:60.7%
512:12.0%
509:21.7%
506:66.3%
496:10.0%
493:23.3%
490:66.7%
480:18.1%
477:21.3%
474:60.6%
448:Region
435:5.20%
432:7.70%
419:6.10%
387:8.90%
339:Region
320:9.40%
304:7.30%
288:8.90%
240:Region
130:Region
100:sertão
79:- the
57:Brazil
1404:South
1351:Goiás
1318:Piauí
1298:Ceará
1293:Bahia
1245:Amapá
1232:North
1074:Wamoé
1064:Truká
847:S2CID
817:(PDF)
698:S2CID
668:(PDF)
646:S2CID
544:9.2%
541:9.3%
528:7.3%
1255:Pará
1240:Acre
1196:and
1090:Yaté
1085:Xocó
1059:Tuxá
1049:Wasu
1039:Natú
877:Sur.
839:PMID
763:PMID
690:PMID
638:PMID
226:11%
223:15%
220:74%
210:12%
207:27%
204:61%
194:16%
191:26%
188:58%
175:38%
172:56%
162:32%
159:17%
156:51%
98:and
63:Area
1200:of
1029:or
953:of
831:doi
753:PMC
743:doi
682:doi
628:PMC
618:doi
178:6%
1539::
1478:ES
1468:PE
1458:RN
1448:PE
976:Jê
859:^
845:.
837:.
827:22
825:.
819:.
804:^
761:.
751:.
741:.
729:.
723:.
710:^
696:.
688:.
678:22
676:.
670:.
644:.
636:.
626:.
612:.
608:.
94:,
90:,
83:.
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1480:)
1476:(
1470:)
1466:(
1460:)
1456:(
1450:)
1446:(
1186:e
1179:t
1172:v
943:e
936:t
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853:.
833::
769:.
745::
737::
731:6
704:.
684::
652:.
620::
614:8
38:(
23:.
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