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In contemporary society webpages or to be more correct, hypertext, have become affluent forms of narratives. Hypertexts have great potential to create non-linear forms of narratives. They allow for individuals to navigate within the story through links, images, audio and video, consisting of multiple
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in games. It helps give the game a beginning because the audience only has the understanding that there is a history before the events of the game take place. Furthermore, by creating a nonlinear storyline the complexity of game play is greatly expanded. Nonlinear game play allows for greater replay
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is written. For example, some segments of the game take place before the events of the
Prequel. It is used for dramatic effect in most cases, some characters have already had onscreen deaths but the player will not realise it until a later chapter of the character walking blindly to their already
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but, in addition to the nonlinear beginning, it later jumps between characters to build the story and character relationships in a nonlinear fashion, and a subtle branch means that players may see the stories in a different order if they walk into a different room at the beginning.
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order or in other ways where the narrative does not follow the direct causality pattern of the events featured, such as parallel distinctive plot lines, dream immersions or narrating another story inside the main plot-line. The technique is common in
1750:, begins each season with an intensely melodramatic event taking place and then traveling back six months earlier. Throughout the season, each episode shows events both in the past, present, and future that lead up to and follow said event.
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made extensive use of nonlinear story telling, with each episode typically featuring a primary storyline on the island as well as a secondary storyline from another point in a character's life, either past or future. So does
697:'s works since 1959 were also important in the evolution of nonlinear film. Godard famously stated, "I agree that a film should have a beginning, a middle and an end but not necessarily in that order". Godard's
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film jumps into fantasy and juxtaposes images, granting the filmmakers an ability to create statements about the Church, art, and society that are left open to interpretation. Buñuel and DalĂ's
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Chen, Sherol. "Nonlinear
Storytelling in Games: Deconstructing the Varieties of Nonlinear Experiences." Expressive Intelligence Studio Blog | EIS at UC Santa Cruz. Web. 17 Nov. 2009. <
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Some video games mimic film non-linearity by presenting a single plot in a chronologically distorted way instead of letting the player determine the story flow themselves. The
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the player is put into a situation that lasts approximately 10 to 15 minutes in real time, yet the events recalled seem to have a basis in years of dramatic history.
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value, allowing the player to put together different pieces of a potentially puzzling storyline. A fitting example of character amnesia is the 2005 video game
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There are certain television series that use nonlinear narrative to explore the past - or future - of one or various characters throughout its whole run. The
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also utilizes a non-linear structure, focusing on events throughout the life of the titular character rather than describing them in a linear narrative.
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In the years leading into and the beginning of the 21st century, some filmmakers have returned to the use of nonlinear narrative repeatedly, including
1420:, there are several examples of series that make use of nonlinear narrative in different forms and for different purposes. Some notable examples are
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Some television series use nonlinear narrative in certain episodes to fully explore an important part of the main characters' past. An example is
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515:(1977) are notable for extending the nonlinear narrative form in order to explore the complex nature of identity within a multiversal universe.
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Some games tell their nonlinear story without the player being able to change any (or very little) of the plot structure. For example,
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also used an uncommon narrative structure as a man recalls his life through flashbacks at the time of his death, induced by the use of
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Another reason why a television series uses nonlinear narrative is to better portray the way human memory recalls events. In its
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http://eis-blog.ucsc.edu/2009/08/nonlinear-storytelling-in-games-deconstructing-the-varieties-of-nonlinear-experiences/
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1518:. Other series use nonlinear narrative in the beginning of a season and then explore the past until they meet, such as
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used nonlinear narrative depicting the events that the main characters described and in the way they remembered them.
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subtopics that do not force the audience to make their next selection based on what their previous experiences are.
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explores the lives of the main characters in prison and also some important part of their past before they became
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has made more movies with a nonlinear narrative, but the most notorious one is probably his controversial western
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1968:
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1644:) stranded in an island and a main storyline five years later in which he goes back home and decides to become a
968:(2015). Critics have referred shifting of timeline as Tarantino effect. Other important nonlinear films include
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that the narration of comics is nonlinear because it relies on the reader's choices and interactions.
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Several of
Michael Moorcock's novels, particularly those in the Jerry Cornelius series, in particular
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Even though it is not common, some comedy also shows use nonlinear narrative. An example is the
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835:(1980) are characterized by a nonlinear approach. Other mainstream nonlinear filmmakers include
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Defining nonlinear structure in film is, at times, difficult. Films may use extensive
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influenced a tremendous increase in the popularity of nonlinear films most notably
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Some television series use nonlinear narrative in the beginning of a season as a
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within a linear storyline, while nonlinear films often contain linear sequences.
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Twisted Times: Non-linearity and
Temporal Disorientation in Contemporary Cinema
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1319:(2018) which has a nonlinear narrative structure. Another Tamil-language film,
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1720:) and then explored what had happened to him. This technique was also used in
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All of
Quantum Games were developed nonlinear structures into the style of
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2427:. Modernist literature & culture. New York: Oxford university press.
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1506:. Others use nonlinear storylines throughout the whole series, such as
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is also known for his fondness of nonlinear storytelling as applied in
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also experimented with the possibilities of nonlinearity. Eisenstein's
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in the 8th century BC. The technique of narrating most of the story in
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The
Technique of Film and Video Editing: History, Theory, and Practice
2176:
A nonlinear plot structure may or may not be combined with branching:
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652:) also uses nonlinear concepts. The revolutionary Russian filmmakers
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experimented with narrative chronology and abandoning linear order.
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which, in every episode, features a storyline following the life of
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47:, and is also well-established in print and other sequential media.
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Experimentation with nonlinear structure in film dates back to the
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Other examples of nonlinear narrative in
American television are:
1289:, is also nonlinear in its storytelling (the only exception being
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is an example of fragmented narrative structure. Hong Kong auteur
1135:(2011). The element of reverse chronology was explored further in
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2763:
A World in Chaos: Social Crisis and the Rise of
Postmodern Cinema
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uses this narrative technique in the same way. However, by using
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1331:(2020) is broken up into chapters, which has a nonlinear plot.
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series sometimes present their plot in nonlinear order. In
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embraced the experimental nature of nonlinear narrative in
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used a nonlinear approach in his World War II documentary
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1121:, has been described as characteristic of moving towards
676:(1930) hint at a nonlinear experience. English director
2574:
Television and Screen
Writing: From Concept to Contract
874:
carried the nonlinear motif in his films, including
139:
and flashback techniques. The medieval English poem
2686:. November 26, 2000. Retrieved on February 2, 2008.
185:
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
148:From the late 19th century and early 20th century,
80:
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman
2828:Non-Linear Narratives: The Ultimate In Time Travel
2749:. Vol. 55, No. 54. Retrieved on February 9, 2008.
721:experimented with narrative and time in his films
2506:Chronoschisms: Time, Narrative, and Postmodernism
2476:
1607:use this technique only in certain episodes too.
1125:in contemporary cinema. Another example would be
4165:
2734:Hot Spots, Avatars, and Narrative Fields Forever
1325:(2022), has a single-shot non-linear structure.
743:defined his own nonlinear cinema with the films
34:where events are portrayed, for example, out of
1533:
606:(1927). Nonlinear film emerged from the French
2834:The New Disorder: Adventures in film narrative
2617:
2615:
2613:
2450:Story-Telling Techniques in the Arabian Nights
2221:use non-linear passages of time in their game
135:" also had nonlinear narratives employing the
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2425:Digital modernism: making it new in new media
1341:List of nonlinear narrative television series
2484:. University of Toronto Press. p. xcv.
2482:Klaeber's Beowulf and The Fight at Finnsburg
944:(1994). He also used nonlinear narrative in
2610:
1482:shows use nonlinear narrative too, such as
1379:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1207:explored nonlinear storylines in the films
257:Flann O'Brien (pseudonym for Brian O'Nolan)
2879:
2865:
2645:
2643:
1648:. Using a similar storytelling technique,
1002:experimented with nonlinear narrative and
506:The English Assassin: A Romance of Entropy
2689:
2167:is an example of this; another is Sega's
1399:Learn how and when to remove this message
73:Non-linear plot lines, illustration from
2851:(Dis)Orienting Media and Narrative Mazes
2621:Dancyger, Ken & Rush, Jeff. (2006).
2422:
1779:
1611:The future or past throughout the series
68:
2640:
2447:
577:
4166:
3550:Types of fiction with multiple endings
2779:
2726:
2591:
2233:Often game developers use the idea of
1851:used nonlinear narrative extensively.
1776:use a similar storytelling technique.
1686:
1313:made the Tamil-language thriller film
995:Thirteen Conversations About One Thing
111:is also seen in epic poetry, like the
2860:
1270:Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
620:, DadaĂŻst film and then in 1929 with
2597:Debruge, Peter (December 7, 2007). "
2528:
2255:
1377:adding citations to reliable sources
1344:
689:
2566:
1474:. Even though it is often found in
13:
2699:. Allen & Unwin. pp. 114-117.
2251:
929:
558:(1941)—influenced structurally by
175:Examples of nonlinear novels are:
14:
4190:
3953:Third-person omniscient narrative
2820:
2599:More scripts take nonlinear route
2047:The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya
1825:
537:List of nonlinear narrative films
87:Beginning a non-linear narrative
2723:. Retrieved on February 2, 2008.
2607:. Retrieved on February 3, 2008.
2259:
2071:Yami to BĹŤshi to Hon no Tabibito
1712:showed a neglected and lonesome
1708:, which in the beginning of its
1411:
1349:
2803:
2787:An Introduction to Film Studies
2752:
2709:
2670:
3341:Conflict between good and evil
2717:Nicolas Roeg on Don't Look Now
2522:
2498:
2470:
2441:
2416:
2137:
1975:Once Upon a Time in Wonderland
1305:, which premiered in the 2016
1:
2886:
2853:. Bielefeld: Transcript 2013.
2409:
1334:
1117:, with its fragmentation and
309:The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie
50:
1534:The past in certain episodes
1159:used nonlinear narrative in
730:L'Année dernière à Marienbad
7:
4179:Nonlinear narrative fiction
2368:Nonlinear television series
2295:
1773:How to Get Away with Murder
1558:) past. Another example is
1277:'s Japanese horror series,
1255:Alejandro González Iñárritu
1195:Alejandro González Iñárritu
484:All the Light We Cannot See
448:A Visit from the Goon Squad
10:
4197:
2510:Cambridge University Press
2423:Pressman, Jessica (2014).
2147:
2141:
1732:. Using the same formula,
1338:
534:
54:
4016:
3988:
3980:Stream of unconsciousness
3923:
3667:
3558:
3511:Falling action/Catastasis
3456:
3361:
3296:
3219:
3031:
2894:
2572:Blum, Richard A. (2001).
2504:Heise, Ursula K. (1997).
2363:Nonlinear narrative films
826:The Man Who Fell to Earth
379:Dictionary of the Khazars
3348:Self-fulfilling prophecy
2767:Rowman & Littlefield
2695:Dethridge, Lisa (2003).
2035:
1283:, brought to America as
877:McCabe & Mrs. Miller
3975:Stream of consciousness
3438:Suspension of disbelief
2697:Writing Your Screenplay
2448:Pinault, David (1992).
2393:Stream of consciousness
1658:Orange Is the New Black
1465:Orange Is the New Black
670:(1925) and Dovzhenko's
561:The Power and the Glory
530:
415:The God of Small Things
3516:Denouement/Catastrophe
3497:Rising action/Epitasis
988:(1998), and Karen and
870:In the United States,
837:Michelangelo Antonioni
512:The Condition of Muzak
221:The Sound and the Fury
84:
43:, and particularly in
3862:Utopian and dystopian
2849:". In: Eckel et al.:
2785:Nelmes, Jill (2003).
2338:Interactive narrative
2150:Interactive narrative
2125:The Garden of Sinners
1891:American Horror Story
1780:To mimic human memory
1665:. Another example is
1491:How I Met Your Mother
1250:The Constant Gardener
1104:The Dark Knight Rises
707:) (1968), as well as
491:Emily St. John Mandel
281:William S. Burroughs'
72:
65:Generative literature
57:Electronic literature
41:electronic literature
3416:Narrative techniques
3196:Story within a story
3008:Supporting character
2678:Godard only knows...
2542:Dalkey Archive Press
2313:Experimental fiction
2160:first-person shooter
1860:Arrested Development
1842:'s post-apocalyptic
1820:unreliable narrators
1740:winning legal drama
1485:Arrested Development
1373:improve this section
1307:Venice Film Festival
1228:In the Mood for Love
805:'s films, including
578:Silent and early era
524:Understanding Comics
356:Going After Cacciato
24:disjointed narrative
4121:Political narrative
3963:Unreliable narrator
3820:Speculative fiction
3528:Nonlinear narrative
3476:Three-act structure
3336:Deal with the Devil
2358:MS Paint Adventures
2101:Axis Powers Hetalia
2095:Fullmetal Alchemist
2017:The Vampire Diaries
1987:Pretty Little Liars
1687:As a narrative hook
1418:American television
1328:Friend of the World
865:Alain Robbe-Grillet
724:Hiroshima mon amour
662:Alexander Dovzhenko
421:Michael Ondaatje's
391:The English Patient
344:Slaughterhouse-Five
121:. Several medieval
32:narrative technique
28:disrupted narrative
20:Nonlinear narrative
16:Narrative technique
4099:Narrative paradigm
4094:Narrative identity
4024:Dominant narrative
3970:Multiple narrators
3254:Fictional location
3097:Dramatic structure
2836:". March 5, 2007.
2739:2008-08-20 at the
2456:. pp. 86–94.
2323:Fabula and syuzhet
2271:. You can help by
2144:Nonlinear gameplay
2119:Princess Principal
1981:Person of Interest
1619:television series
1239:Fernando Meirelles
1210:Days of Being Wild
1145:. Noé's 2009 film
1119:reverse chronology
333:House Made of Dawn
85:
4161:
4160:
4104:Narrative therapy
3538:television series
3483:Freytag's Pyramid
3326:Moral development
3229:Alternate history
2939:False protagonist
2478:Friedrich Klaeber
2434:978-0-19-993710-3
2333:Hypertext fiction
2289:
2288:
2235:character amnesia
2217:Indie developers
2164:Tribes: Vengeance
2131:Boogiepop Phantom
2113:Mekakucity Actors
2065:Monogatari Series
1951:Grounded for Life
1604:Grace and Frankie
1409:
1408:
1401:
1222:Chungking Express
1157:Richard Linklater
1153:psychedelic drugs
1069:Christopher Nolan
1029:Steven Soderbergh
985:The Thin Red Line
965:The Hateful Eight
936:Quentin Tarantino
923:Stardust Memories
849:Theo Angelopoulos
764:Fellini Satyricon
690:Post-World War II
683:Listen to Britain
678:Humphrey Jennings
658:Vsevolod Pudovkin
654:Sergei Eisenstein
648:(1930) (English:
636:An Andalusian Dog
262:At Swim-Two-Birds
129:The City of Brass
61:Hypertext fiction
45:hypertext fiction
4186:
4084:Literary science
3627:Narrative poetry
3523:Linear narrative
3433:Stylistic device
3428:Show, don't tell
3391:Figure of speech
3181:Shaggy dog story
2924:Characterization
2881:
2874:
2867:
2858:
2857:
2826:Cowgill, Linda.
2814:
2807:
2801:
2783:
2777:
2756:
2750:
2732:Kinder, Marsha "
2730:
2724:
2713:
2707:
2693:
2687:
2674:
2668:
2647:
2638:
2619:
2608:
2595:
2589:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2538:Normal, Illinois
2526:
2520:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2454:Brill Publishers
2445:
2439:
2438:
2420:
2328:Hyperlink cinema
2318:Exponential time
2284:
2281:
2263:
2256:
2225:in the same way
2204:Fragments of Him
2181:hyperlink cinema
2154:Multiple endings
1897:Better Call Saul
1848:The Walking Dead
1597:Netflix original
1447:Once Upon a Time
1441:The Walking Dead
1404:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1384:
1353:
1345:
1297:Martin Koolhoven
1168:A Scanner Darkly
1132:The Tree of Life
1015:Mulholland Drive
779:Andrei Tarkovsky
741:Federico Fellini
631:Un Chien Andalou
460:The Night Circus
455:Erin Morgenstern
386:Michael Ondaatje
328:N. Scott Momaday
216:William Faulkner
209:The Good Soldier
170:William Faulkner
133:The Three Apples
4196:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4089:Literary theory
4029:Fiction writing
4012:
3984:
3919:
3671:
3663:
3554:
3452:
3357:
3292:
3215:
3086:Deus ex machina
3027:
3013:Title character
2998:Stock character
2944:Focal character
2890:
2885:
2832:Denby, David. "
2823:
2818:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2784:
2780:
2757:
2753:
2741:Wayback Machine
2731:
2727:
2714:
2710:
2694:
2690:
2675:
2671:
2660:. pp. 393-394.
2648:
2641:
2620:
2611:
2596:
2592:
2571:
2567:
2552:
2527:
2523:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2398:Time in physics
2298:
2285:
2279:
2276:
2269:needs expansion
2254:
2252:HTML narratives
2223:Hotline Miami 2
2170:Sonic Adventure
2156:
2146:
2140:
2107:Hidamari Sketch
2038:
1903:BoJack Horseman
1828:
1782:
1756:original series
1689:
1654:original series
1613:
1536:
1414:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1370:
1354:
1343:
1337:
1275:Takashi Shimizu
1259:Charlie Kaufman
1127:Terrence Malick
980:Terrence Malick
932:
930:1990s and 2000s
841:Peter Greenaway
773:(1972), as did
695:Jean-Luc Godard
692:
586:era, including
580:
539:
533:
375:Milorad Pavić's
340:Kurt Vonnegut's
204:Ford Madox Ford
197:Sartor Resartus
180:Laurence Sterne
162:Ford Madox Ford
127:tales such as "
75:Laurence Sterne
67:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4194:
4193:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4153:Verisimilitude
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4058:
4056:Parallel novel
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3698:Action fiction
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3582:
3577:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3525:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3499:
3494:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3266:
3261:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3176:Self-insertion
3173:
3168:
3163:
3161:Poetic justice
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:Character flaw
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2845:Eckel, Julia.
2843:
2839:The New Yorker
2830:
2822:
2821:External links
2819:
2816:
2815:
2802:
2778:
2751:
2746:Film Quarterly
2725:
2708:
2688:
2669:
2639:
2629:. pp 154-163.
2609:
2590:
2565:
2550:
2521:
2497:
2490:
2480:, ed. (2008).
2469:
2462:
2440:
2433:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2343:List of cycles
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2287:
2286:
2266:
2264:
2253:
2250:
2219:Dennaton Games
2142:Main article:
2139:
2136:
2037:
2034:
1969:House of Cards
1863:which, in its
1827:
1826:Other examples
1824:
1798:True Detective
1781:
1778:
1718:Bryan Cranston
1693:narrative hook
1688:
1685:
1612:
1609:
1551:Penny Dreadful
1535:
1532:
1497:Penny Dreadful
1471:True Detective
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1357:
1355:
1348:
1336:
1333:
1148:Enter the Void
947:Reservoir Dogs
934:In the 1990s,
931:
928:
820:Don't Look Now
691:
688:
650:The Golden Age
588:D. W. Griffith
579:
576:
566:Akira Kurosawa
532:
529:
501:
500:
496:Station Eleven
488:
476:
464:
452:
440:
431:David Mitchell
428:
419:
407:
395:
383:
372:
360:
348:
337:
325:
316:Julio Cortázar
313:
301:
289:
278:
266:
254:
250:Finnegans Wake
237:
225:
213:
201:
192:Thomas Carlyle
189:
158:Virginia Woolf
124:Arabian Nights
52:
49:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4192:
4191:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4138:Screenwriting
4136:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3943:Second-person
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3847:Magic realism
3845:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3778:Psychological
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Philosophical
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3683:Autobiography
3681:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:Narrative art
3620:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:Flash fiction
3578:
3576:
3575:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Act structure
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3288:Worldbuilding
3286:
3284:
3281:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3135:KishĹŤtenketsu
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:In medias res
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:Foreshadowing
3105:
3103:
3102:Eucatastrophe
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Chekhov's gun
3063:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2954:Gothic double
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:Deuteragonist
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Character arc
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2812:
2806:
2800:
2799:0-415-26268-2
2796:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2776:
2775:0-7425-3289-5
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2705:1-74114-083-8
2702:
2698:
2692:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2667:
2666:0-240-80225-X
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2650:Dancyger, Ken
2646:
2644:
2636:
2635:0-240-80849-5
2632:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2587:
2586:0-240-80384-1
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2551:1-56478-029-5
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2518:0-521-55544-2
2515:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2493:
2491:9780802098436
2487:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2465:
2463:90-04-09530-6
2459:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2436:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2415:
2404:
2403:Wheel of time
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Sense of time
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2348:Metacognition
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Anachronistic
2301:
2300:
2293:
2283:
2280:November 2022
2274:
2270:
2267:This section
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2236:
2231:
2230:shown death.
2228:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:in medias res
2206:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2195:in medias res
2191:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2128:and (partly)
2127:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2084:
2083:Rental Magica
2079:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2023:Wayward Pines
2019:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1865:fourth season
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1817:
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1800:
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1791:
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1777:
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1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:second season
1727:
1723:
1722:Breaking Bad'
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Stephen Amell
1639:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1565:The Leftovers
1561:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1503:The Leftovers
1499:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1412:United States
1403:
1400:
1392:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1358:This section
1356:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:
1322:Iravin Nizhal
1318:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1272:
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1266:
1265:
1260:
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1251:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:Ashes of Time
1212:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1190:Paranoid Park
1186:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1139:'s 2002 film
1138:
1134:
1133:
1129:'s acclaimed
1128:
1124:
1123:postmodernism
1120:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1086:Batman Begins
1082:
1081:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1021:Inland Empire
1017:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
990:Jill Sprecher
987:
986:
981:
977:
976:
971:
967:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
927:
925:
924:
919:
918:
913:
912:
907:
903:
902:
897:
896:
891:
890:
885:
884:
879:
878:
873:
872:Robert Altman
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
833:
828:
827:
822:
821:
816:
815:
810:
809:
804:
800:
799:
794:
793:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:
766:
765:
760:
759:
754:
753:
752:La Dolce Vita
748:
747:
742:
738:
737:
732:
731:
726:
725:
720:
719:Alain Resnais
716:
715:
714:Chelsea Girls
710:
706:
702:
701:
696:
687:
685:
684:
679:
675:
674:
669:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:
641:
637:
633:
632:
627:
626:Salvador DalĂ
623:
619:
618:
613:
610:in 1924 with
609:
605:
604:
599:
595:
594:
589:
585:
575:
573:
572:
567:
563:
562:
557:
556:
552:
551:Orson Welles'
548:
547:flashforwards
544:
538:
528:
526:
525:
520:
519:Scott McCloud
516:
514:
513:
508:
507:
498:
497:
492:
489:
486:
485:
480:
479:Anthony Doerr
477:
474:
473:
468:
465:
462:
461:
456:
453:
450:
449:
444:
443:Jennifer Egan
441:
438:
437:
432:
429:
426:
425:
420:
417:
416:
411:
410:Arundhati Roy
408:
405:
404:
403:Trainspotting
399:
396:
393:
392:
387:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
370:
369:
364:
361:
358:
357:
352:
349:
346:
345:
341:
338:
335:
334:
329:
326:
323:
322:
317:
314:
311:
310:
305:
302:
299:
298:
293:
292:Joseph Heller
290:
287:
286:
282:
279:
276:
275:
270:
267:
264:
263:
258:
255:
252:
251:
246:
245:
241:
240:James Joyce's
238:
235:
234:
233:The Blind Owl
229:
228:Sadeq Hedayat
226:
223:
222:
217:
214:
211:
210:
205:
202:
199:
198:
193:
190:
187:
186:
181:
178:
177:
176:
173:
171:
167:
166:Marcel Proust
163:
159:
155:
154:Joseph Conrad
151:
146:
144:
143:
138:
137:in medias res
134:
130:
126:
125:
120:
119:
114:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
92:
91:
90:in medias res
82:
81:
76:
71:
66:
62:
58:
48:
46:
42:
37:
36:chronological
33:
29:
25:
21:
4143:Storytelling
3958:Subjectivity
3948:Third-person
3938:First-person
3572:
3527:
3381:Comic relief
3133:
3126:
3117:Flashforward
3084:
3058:Origin story
3040:
3003:Straight man
2958:
2850:
2837:
2805:
2786:
2781:
2762:
2754:
2744:
2728:
2711:
2696:
2691:
2683:The Observer
2681:
2672:
2653:
2622:
2602:
2593:
2573:
2568:
2534:Ava: a novel
2533:
2530:Maso, Carole
2524:
2505:
2500:
2481:
2472:
2449:
2443:
2424:
2418:
2373:Reading path
2290:
2277:
2273:adding to it
2268:
2245:
2239:
2232:
2227:Pulp Fiction
2216:
2208:
2207:also begins
2202:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2157:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2077:Touka Gettan
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1993:The Returned
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1933:FlashForward
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1858:
1853:
1846:
1836:fifth season
1829:
1813:
1807:Golden Globe
1796:
1786:first season
1783:
1771:
1758:
1741:
1721:
1714:Walter White
1710:final season
1705:Breaking Bad
1703:
1690:
1678:
1656:
1638:Oliver Queen
1631:
1620:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1588:comedy drama
1577:
1563:
1549:
1537:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1435:Breaking Bad
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1395:
1389:January 2017
1386:
1371:Please help
1359:
1326:
1320:
1316:Vada Chennai
1314:
1300:
1295:). Director
1292:The Grudge 3
1290:
1284:
1278:
1268:
1262:
1248:
1242:
1232:
1231:(2000), and
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1205:Wong Kar-wai
1198:
1188:
1187:(2005), and
1182:
1176:
1173:Gus Van Sant
1166:
1160:
1146:
1142:Irréversible
1140:
1130:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1092:The Prestige
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1067:(2008); and
1062:
1061:(2002), and
1056:
1052:Full Frontal
1050:
1044:
1040:Out of Sight
1038:
1032:
1026:
1019:
1018:(2001), and
1013:
1009:Lost Highway
1007:
993:
983:
973:
963:
951:
945:
941:Pulp Fiction
939:
933:
921:
920:(1978), and
915:
909:
901:Gosford Park
899:
898:(1993), and
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
861:Carlos Saura
845:Chris Marker
830:
829:(1976), and
824:
818:
812:
806:
803:Nicolas Roeg
796:
790:
768:
767:(1969), and
762:
756:
750:
744:
734:
733:(1961), and
728:
722:
712:
704:
698:
693:
681:
671:
665:
649:
643:
635:
629:
615:
601:
591:
581:
569:
559:
555:Citizen Kane
553:
540:
522:
517:
510:
504:
502:
494:
482:
470:
458:
446:
434:
424:Anil's Ghost
422:
413:
401:
398:Irvine Welsh
389:
377:
366:
363:Stephen King
354:
342:
331:
319:
307:
304:Muriel Spark
295:
283:
274:Pedro Páramo
272:
260:
248:
242:
231:
219:
207:
195:
183:
174:
147:
140:
136:
122:
116:
102:
97:, including
88:
86:
78:
27:
23:
19:
18:
4174:Narratology
4148:Tellability
4114:Metafiction
4109:Narratology
3881:Theological
3773:Pop culture
3654:Short story
3632:Epic poetry
3353:Time travel
3166:Red herring
3151:Plot device
3122:Frame story
3075:Cliffhanger
3018:Tritagonist
2993:Protagonist
2759:Boggs, Carl
2658:Focal Press
2627:Focal Press
2578:Focal Press
2536:. Fiction.
2353:Metafiction
2201:Indie game
2189:Uncharted 2
2138:Video games
2029:The Witcher
1769:crime drama
1748:Glenn Close
1728:and in its
1592:Transparent
1453:The Witcher
1311:Vetrimaaran
1309:. Director
1244:City of God
1162:Waking Life
1107:(2012) and
1034:Schizopolis
1000:David Lynch
970:Atom Egoyan
906:Woody Allen
853:Agnès Varda
808:Performance
795:(1975) and
709:Andy Warhol
622:Luis Buñuel
608:avant-garde
596:(1916) and
593:Intolerance
584:silent film
564:(1933)—and
509:(1972) and
436:Cloud Atlas
351:Tim O'Brien
285:Naked Lunch
247:(1922) and
118:Mahabharata
113:Indian epic
95:epic poetry
4168:Categories
4034:Continuity
3903:Nonfiction
3867:Underwater
3763:Picaresque
3738:Historical
3723:Epistolary
3595:Fairy tale
3506:Peripeteia
3488:Exposition
3244:Dreamworld
3186:Stereotype
3156:Plot twist
2904:Antagonist
2769:. p. 195.
2580:. p. 125.
2410:References
2308:Chronology
2148:See also:
2089:Ergo Proxy
2059:Durarara!!
1999:Revolution
1873:12 Monkeys
1815:The Affair
1738:Emmy Award
1680:The Strain
1630:'s series
1339:See also:
1335:Television
1286:The Grudge
1264:Adaptation
1253:. Some of
1137:Gaspar Noé
1004:surrealism
911:Annie Hall
895:Short Cuts
889:The Player
832:Bad Timing
798:Nostalghia
792:The Mirror
777:filmmaker
705:Le weekend
645:L'Ă‚ge d'Or
640:surrealist
634:(English:
612:René Clair
598:Abel Gance
543:flashbacks
535:See also:
521:argues in
269:Juan Rulfo
200:(ca. 1833)
152:novelists
55:See also:
51:Literature
3925:Narration
3874:Superhero
3798:Chivalric
3783:Religious
3768:Political
3703:Adventure
3688:Biography
3610:Tall tale
3458:Structure
3443:Symbolism
3411:Narration
3311:Leitmotif
3239:Crossover
3234:Backstory
3191:Story arc
3141:MacGuffin
3112:Flashback
3053:Backstory
2929:Confidant
2909:Archenemy
2896:Character
2888:Narrative
2793:. p. 87.
2791:Routledge
2721:Channel 4
2388:Spacetime
2040:Japanese
1927:The Flash
1909:Daredevil
1793:anthology
1760:Bloodline
1746:starring
1646:vigilante
1586:original
1562:'s drama
1556:Eva Green
1527:Bloodline
1360:does not
1302:Brimstone
1184:Last Days
1098:Inception
1074:Following
1046:The Limey
952:Kill Bill
917:Interiors
883:Nashville
857:RaĂşl Ruiz
814:Walkabout
783:modernist
781:with his
746:La Strada
703:(French:
617:Entr'acte
467:Will Self
321:Hopscotch
188:(1759–67)
150:modernist
109:flashback
83:(1759–67)
4131:Glossary
4126:Rhetoric
3933:Diegesis
3913:Creative
3886:Thriller
3835:Southern
3753:Paranoid
3748:Nautical
3659:Vignette
3617:Gamebook
3585:Folklore
3492:Protasis
3371:Allegory
3316:Metaphor
3274:parallel
3269:universe
3249:Dystopia
3206:Suspense
3092:Dialogue
3080:Conflict
2988:Narrator
2960:Hamartia
2761:(2003).
2737:Archived
2652:(2002).
2560:26763542
2532:(1993).
2512:. p. 77
2383:Sequence
2296:See also
2053:Baccano!
1957:Hannibal
1915:Dopesick
1885:Alcatraz
1809:winning
1803:Showtime
1595:and the
1540:Showtime
1237:(2004).
1225:(1994),
1219:(1994),
1213:(1991),
1197:'s film
1193:(2007).
1181:(2003),
1178:Elephant
1171:(2006);
1165:(2001),
1113:(2017).
1101:(2010),
1095:(2006),
1089:(2005),
1083:(2000),
1077:(1998),
1055:(2002),
1049:(1999),
1043:(1998),
1037:(1996),
1024:(2006).
1012:(1997),
998:(2001).
978:(1994),
950:(1992),
926:(1980).
914:(1977),
904:(2001).
892:(1992),
886:(1975),
880:(1971),
823:(1973),
817:(1971),
811:(1970),
801:(1983).
789:(1972),
761:(1963),
755:(1960),
749:(1954),
739:(1963).
727:(1959),
700:Week End
686:(1942).
603:Napoléon
571:Rashomon
472:Umbrella
297:Catch-22
4061:Prequel
4017:Related
4003:Present
3896:Western
3852:Science
3825:Fantasy
3793:Romance
3743:Mystery
3728:Ergodic
3693:Fiction
3649:Parable
3644:Novella
3574:Fabliau
3545:Premise
3396:Imagery
3386:Diction
3264:country
3221:Setting
3201:Subplot
3023:Villain
2976:Byronic
2604:Variety
2192:begins
1939:Forever
1830:In its
1795:series
1752:Netflix
1743:Damages
1702:series
1677:series
1663:inmates
1650:Netflix
1576:series
1521:Damages
1478:, some
1381:removed
1366:sources
1115:Memento
1110:Dunkirk
1080:Memento
1058:Solaris
975:Exotica
787:Solaris
638:). The
244:Ulysses
142:Beowulf
131:" and "
4065:Sequel
4049:Retcon
4044:Reboot
4008:Future
3842:Horror
3830:Gothic
3815:Satire
3733:Erotic
3600:Legend
3502:Climax
3376:Bathos
3283:Utopia
3171:Reveal
3070:Cliché
3048:Action
3042:Ab ovo
2981:Tragic
2797:
2773:
2703:
2664:
2633:
2584:
2558:
2548:
2516:
2488:
2460:
2431:
2246:Façade
2241:Façade
2011:Undone
2005:Sense8
1963:Heroes
1945:Gotham
1879:A to Z
1856:sitcom
1832:fourth
1788:, the
1671:horror
1628:The CW
1600:comedy
1584:Amazon
1582:, the
1579:Fringe
1574:sci-fi
1544:horror
1480:comedy
1468:, and
1429:Undone
962:) and
785:films
775:Soviet
736:Muriel
667:Strike
660:, and
499:(2014)
487:(2014)
475:(2012)
463:(2011)
451:(2011)
439:(2004)
427:(2000)
418:(1997)
406:(1993)
394:(1992)
382:(1988)
371:(1986)
359:(1979)
347:(1969)
336:(1968)
324:(1963)
312:(1961)
300:(1961)
288:(1959)
277:(1955)
265:(1939)
253:(1939)
236:(1937)
224:(1929)
212:(1915)
168:, and
63:, and
4072:Genre
4039:Canon
3990:Tense
3908:Novel
3891:Urban
3803:Prose
3788:Rogue
3713:Crime
3708:Comic
3669:Genre
3639:Novel
3590:Fable
3568:Drama
3533:films
3363:Style
3331:Motif
3321:Moral
3306:Irony
3298:Theme
3211:Trope
2813:>.
2244:. In
2042:anime
2036:Japan
1921:Fargo
1844:drama
1811:drama
1726:Pilot
1700:drama
1675:drama
1633:Arrow
1547:drama
1515:Arrow
1476:drama
1459:Arrow
1280:Ju-on
1200:Babel
673:Earth
104:Iliad
99:Homer
30:is a
26:, or
4077:List
3998:Past
3857:Hard
3810:Saga
3718:Docu
3674:List
3605:Myth
3560:Form
3448:Tone
3421:Hook
3406:Mood
3401:Mode
3259:city
3146:Pace
3033:Plot
2971:Anti
2966:Hero
2949:Foil
2795:ISBN
2771:ISBN
2701:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2631:ISBN
2582:ISBN
2556:OCLC
2546:ISBN
2514:ISBN
2486:ISBN
2458:ISBN
2429:ISBN
2152:and
2026:and
1834:and
1763:and
1622:Lost
1524:and
1512:and
1509:Lost
1500:and
1488:and
1423:Lost
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