Non-linear editing

29: 332: 346: 862:. Because it implemented its own compression software designed specifically for non-linear editing, the Eidos system had no requirement for JPEG hardware and was cheap to produce. The software could decode multiple video and audio streams at once for real-time effects at no extra cost. But most significantly, for the first time, it supported unlimited cheap removable storage. The Eidos Edit 1, Edit 2, and later Optima systems let the editor use 382:. The take-up of these software titles is to an extent dictated by cost and subscription licence arrangements, as well as the rise in mobile apps and free software. As of January 2019, Davinci Resolve has risen in popularity within professional users and others alike - it had a user base of more than 2 million using the free version alone. This is a comparable user base to Apple's 1033:, their adoption has grown. Their popularity has been driven largely by efficiencies arising from opportunities for greater collaboration and the potential for cost savings derived from using a shared platform, hiring rather than buying infrastructure, and the use of conventional IT equipment over hardware specifically designed for video editing. 204:(EDL) which can be taken, together with the source tapes, to an online quality tape or film editing suite. The EDL is then read into an edit controller and used to create a replica of the offline edit by playing portions of the source tapes back at full quality and recording them to a master as per the exact edit points of the EDL. 362:. This software is likely to be present in almost all post-production houses globally, and it is used for feature films, television programs, advertising and corporate editing. In 2011, reports indicated, "Avid is still the most-used NLE on prime-time TV productions, being employed on up to 90 percent of evening broadcast shows." 610:

decks provided a simulation of random-access playback of a lengthy edited sequence without any re-recording. The theory was that with so many copies of the rushes, there could always be one machine cued up to replay the next shot in real time. Changing the EDL could be done easily, and the results seen immediately.

918:. After various companies made offers, Keygrip was purchased by Apple as Steve Jobs wanted a product to compete with Adobe Premiere in the desktop video market. At around the same time, Avid—now with Windows versions of its editing software—was considering abandoning the Macintosh platform. Apple released 793:

Until 1993, the Avid Media Composer was most often used for editing commercials or other small-content and high-value projects. This was primarily because the purchase cost of the system was very high, especially in comparison to the offline tape-based systems that were then in general use. Hard disk

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was demonstrated at NAB. Montage used 17 identical copies of a set of film rushes on modified consumer Betamax VCRs. A custom circuit board was added to each deck that enabled frame-accurate switching and playback using vertical interval timecode. Intelligent positioning and sequencing of the source

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were first developed in the 1950s, the only way to edit was to physically cut the tape with a razor blade and splice segments together. While the footage excised in this process was not technically destroyed, continuity was lost and the footage was generally discarded. In 1963, with the introduction

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Editing software records the editor's decisions in an EDL that is exportable to other editing tools. Many generations and variations of the EDL can exist without storing many different copies, allowing for very flexible editing. It also makes it easy to change cuts and undo previous decisions simply

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The demands of video editing in terms of the volumes of data involved means the proximity of the stored footage being edited to the NLE system doing the editing is governed partly by the capacity of the data connection between the two. The increasing availability of broadband internet combined with

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In the early 1990s, a small American company called Data Translation took what it knew about coding and decoding pictures for the US military and large corporate clients and spent $ 12 million developing a desktop editor based on its proprietary compression algorithms and off-the-shelf parts. Their

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In linear video editing, the product is assembled from beginning to end, in that order. One can replace or overwrite sections of material but never cut something out or insert extra material. Non-linear editing removes this restriction. Conventional film editing is a destructive process because the

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The video server transfers feeds to and from shared storage that is accessible by all editors. Media in the appropriate codec on the server need only be transferred. If recorded with a different codec, media must be transcoded during transfer. In some cases (depending on material), files on shared

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drives the size of washing machines that could store a half-hour worth of video & audio for editing. These disk packs were commonly used to store data digitally on mainframe computers of the time. The 600 had a console with two monitors built in. The right monitor, which played the preview

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is also controlled, due to not having to repeatedly re-encode the data when different effects are applied. Generation loss can still occur in digital video or audio when using lossy video or audio compression algorithms as these introduce artifacts into the source material with each encoding or

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for still images, is used to keep track of edits. Each time the edited audio, video, or image is rendered, played back, or accessed, it is reconstructed from the original source and the specified editing steps. Although this process is more computationally intensive than directly modifying the

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to digital—it was recorded as digital to start with—and FireWire offered a straightforward way to transfer video data without additional hardware. With this innovation, editing became a more realistic proposition for software running on standard computers. It enabled desktop editing, producing

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on PC to store the video on removable storage. The content needed to be stored on fixed hard disks instead. The secure tape paradigm of keeping your content with you was not possible with these fixed disks. Editing machines were often rented from facilities houses on a per-hour basis, and some

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Compared to the linear method of tape-to-tape editing, non-linear editing offers the flexibility of film editing, with random access and easy project organization. In non-linear editing, the original source files are not lost or modified during editing. This is one of the biggest advantages of

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techniques to reduce the amount of memory occupied. Improvements in compression techniques and disk storage capacity have mitigated these concerns, and the migration to high-definition video and audio has virtually removed this concern completely. Most professional NLEs are also able to edit

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The original Montage system won an Academy Award for Technical Achievement in 1988. Montage was reincarnated as Montage II in 1987, and Montage III appeared at NAB in 1991, using digital disk technology, which should prove to be considerably less cumbersome than the Betamax system.

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Although M-JPEG became the standard codec for NLE during the early 1990s, it had drawbacks. Its high computational requirements ruled out software implementations imposing extra cost and complexity of hardware compression/playback cards. More importantly, the traditional tape

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Modern web-based editing systems can take video directly from a camera phone over a mobile connection, and editing can take place through a web browser interface, so, strictly speaking, a computer for video editing does not require any installed hardware or software beyond a

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in 1985. Although it was more of a video effects system, it had some non-linear editing capabilities. Most importantly, it could record (and apply effects to) 80 seconds (due to hard disk space limitations) of broadcast-quality uncompressed digital video encoded in 8-bit

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The video server records feeds with a codec readable by the editing system, has network connection to the editor and allows direct editing. The editor previews material directly on the server (which it sees as remote storage) and edits directly on the server without

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was also a contender for media production companies. The Imix Video Cube had a control surface with faders to allow mixing and shuttle control. Data Translation's Media 100 came with three different JPEG codecs for different types of graphics and many resolutions.

146:, localization, take number, name of the clip) or manually (players names, characters, in sports). It is then possible to access any frame by entering directly the timecode or the descriptive metadata. An editor can, for example, at the end of the day in the 576:, which used several LaserDiscs of the same raw footage to simulate random-access editing. EditDroid was demonstrated at NAB in 1984. EditDroid was the first system to introduce modern concepts in non-linear editing such as timeline editing and clip bins. 885:

Around the same period, other competitors provided non-linear systems that required special hardware—typically cards added to the computer system. Fast Video Machine was a PC-based system that first came out as an offline system, and later became more

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in 1989 with the EMC2 editor, a PC-based non-linear off-line editing system that utilized magneto-optical disks for storage and playback of video, using half-screen-resolution video at 15 frames per second. A couple of weeks later that same year,

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Nowadays there is a huge amount of home editing which takes place both on desktop and tablets or smartphones. The social media revolution has brought about a significant change in access to powerful editing tools or apps, at everyone's disposal.

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had involved editing from videotape, often in a rented facility. When the editor left the edit suite, they could securely take their tapes with them. But the M-JPEG data rate was too high for systems like Avid/1 on the Apple Macintosh and

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The non-linear editing retrieves video media for editing. Because these media exist on the video server or other mass storage that stores the video feeds in a given codec, the editing system can use several methods to access the material:

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Since then the rise in semi-professional and domestic users of editing software has seen a large rise in other titles becoming very popular in these areas. Other significant software used by many editors is Adobe Premiere Pro (part of

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and the linear videotape method using U-matic VCRs. Computer processing advanced sufficiently by the end of the 1980s to enable true digital imagery and has progressed today to provide this capability in personal desktop computers.

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productions chose to delete their material after each edit session, and then ingest it again the next day to guarantee the security of their content. In addition, each NLE system had storage limited by its fixed disk capacity.

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the use of lower-resolution copies of original material provides an opportunity to not just review and edit material remotely but also open up access to far more people to the same content at the same time. In 2004 the first

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All of these original systems were slow, cumbersome, and had problems with the limited computer horsepower of the time, but the mid-to-late-1980s saw a trend towards non-linear editing, moving away from film editing on

1608: 55:. In offline editing, the original content is not modified in the course of editing. In non-linear editing, edits are specified and modified by specialized software. A pointer-based playlist, effectively an 1185:

In editing facilities rented by the hour or the day, a production's digitized rushes would usually be deleted at the end of the hire, so that the full amount of hard disk storage was available to the next

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An example of computing power progressing to make non-linear editing possible was demonstrated in the first all-digital non-linear editing system, the "Harry" effects compositing system manufactured by

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non-linear editing compared to linear editing. With the EDLs, the editor can work on low-resolution copies of the video. This makes it possible to edit both standard-definition broadcast quality and

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storage was also expensive enough to be a limiting factor on the quality of footage that most editors could work with or the amount of material that could be held digitized at any one time.

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board. These other companies caused tremendous downward market pressure on Avid. Avid was forced to continually offer lower-priced systems to compete with the Media 100 and other systems.

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development team left Adobe to start a project called "Keygrip" for Macromedia. Difficulty raising support and money for development led the team to take their non-linear editor to the

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applications, video and audio data are first captured to hard disk-based systems or other digital storage devices. The data are then imported into servers employing any necessary

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computer served as a controller for the whole system. Because the video edited on the 600 was in low-resolution black and white, the 600 was suitable only for offline editing.

161:. However, with the use of non-linear editing systems, the destructive act of cutting of film negatives is eliminated. It can also be viewed as the audio/video equivalent of 115:, rather than recordings on reels or tapes. While linear editing is tied to the need to sequentially view film or hear tape, non-linear editing enables direct access to any 519:. The original recordings are not destroyed or altered in this process. However, since the final product is a copy of the original, there is a generation loss of quality. 606: 998: 240:

The costs of editing systems have dropped such that non-linear editing tools are now within the reach of home users. Some editing software can now be accessed free as

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An early concern with non-linear editing had been picture and sound quality available to editors. Storage limitations at the time required that all material undergo

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are very widely used as they allow for dramatic reductions on file size while often being indistinguishable from the uncompressed or losslessly compressed original.

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in NLE was fairly new, but it was being used in the creation of many movies throughout the world, due to the increased use of advanced 4K cameras such as the

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to store video clips and audio, and supported complex scripted playback. The Flyer provided simultaneous dual-channel playback, which let the Toaster's

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Eidos system, rather than being tied down to a particular one, and still keep his data secure. The Optima software editing system was closely tied to

904: 1657: 809:. By February 1993, this team had integrated a long-form system that let the Avid Media Composer running on the Apple Macintosh access over seven 786:

algorithm known as VTASC, which was well regarded at the time for offering better visual quality than comparable non-linear editing systems using

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in 1999, and despite not being taken seriously at first by professionals, it has evolved into a serious competitor to entry-level Avid systems.

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Blackmagic DaVinci Resolve non-linear editing system panel: Advanced panel, with four trackballs and rotatable rings, designed for color grading

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broadcast quality very quickly on desktop computers that may not have the power to process huge full-quality high-resolution data in real-time.

556:. The editor selected from options superimposed as text over the preview video. The left monitor was used to display the edited video. A DEC 1029:. Despite their reliance on a network connection, the need to ingest material before editing can take place, and the use of lower-resolution 962: 806: 1454: 463:

camera, with its video editing software. Various editing tasks could then be performed on the imported video before export to another

938:(FireWire/iLink), a simple and inexpensive way of getting video into and out of computers. Users no longer had to convert video from 583: 1631: 955:

has continued this trend, making it possible to edit HD material on a standard computer running a software-only editing system.

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controllers. Two of these SCSI buses were used to store video data, and the third to store audio. The Flyer used a proprietary

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Since 2000, many personal computers include basic non-linear video editing software free of charge. This is the case of Apple

1680: 1584: 1010: 859: 743:(1993) was the first film edited with Avid Media Composer, and the first long-form documentary so edited was the HBO program 83:(DAW) system. These perform non-destructive editing on source material. The name is in contrast to 20th-century methods of 818: 2206: 1704: 1395: 1017:

the following year. Since that time a number of other cloud-based editors have become available including systems from

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Episode of the TV show "The Computer Chronicles" from 1990, which includes a feature on the first Avid Media Composer

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is an industry standard used for major feature films, television programs, and commercials. Final Cut Pro received a

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This article is about a video or audio production method. For consumer uses of non-linear media including games, see

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was relatively new. 8K video editing requires advanced hardware and software capable of handling the standard.

770:. The Flyer portion of the Video Toaster/Flyer combination was a complete computer of its own, having its own 733:

systems from the late 1980s) was somewhat low (about VHS quality), due to the use of a very early version of a

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The LA-based post house Laser Edit also had an in-house system using recordable random-access LaserDiscs.

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The editor downloads the material and edits it locally. This method can be used with the previous methods.

1665: 1749: 1104:'s Live Picture brought non-destructive editing to the professional market and current efforts such as 758:

included non-linear editing capabilities in addition to processing live video signals. The Flyer used

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original content, changing the edits themselves can be almost instantaneous, and it prevents further

1014: 858:-based computers from the UK and implemented an editing system, launched in Europe in 1990 at the 2178: 737:(M-JPEG) codec. It was sufficient, however, to provide a versatile system for offline editing. 988:

for the Windows platform. This phenomenon has brought low-cost non-linear editing to consumers.

2216: 2163: 2137: 1950: 739: 676: 621: 194: 158: 60: 1985: 193:. Once imported, the source material can be edited on a computer using any of a wide range of 2211: 2132: 1995: 1919: 1742: 1077: 977: 234: 222: 2152: 1955: 1820: 1462: 1002: 512: 367: 294: 190: 154: 84: 598:". By 1985 it was used on over 80% of filmed network programs and Cinedco was awarded the 8: 2226: 1881: 1866: 1789: 1259: 1006: 985: 867: 801:

of storage at once. This limitation was overcome by a digital video R&D team at the

783: 751: 682:—which popularized this terminology over other terminology common at the time, including 568:

Non-linear editing systems were built in the 1980s using computers coordinating multiple

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entered the market, providing would-be editors with a low-cost, high-quality platform.

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systems were used) with special hardware and software developed and installed by Avid.

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was developed for sound post-production. This is considered to be one of the earliest

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conference in 1993 in the booths of the three primary sub-system manufacturers, Avid,

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or banks of VCRs. One example of these tape and disc-based systems was Lucasfilm's

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A non-linear editing approach may be used when all assets are available as files on

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aim was to democratize the desktop and take some of Avid's market. In August 1993,

855: 822: 595: 464: 20: 1410: 817:, long-form non-linear editing was now possible. The system made its debut at the 594:

VCRs for offline editing. Ediflex was introduced in 1983 on the Universal series "

150:, easily retrieve all the clips related to the players who received a gold medal. 2168: 2094: 2089: 2072: 2046: 1850: 1784: 1140: 1069: 1057: 1050: 1018: 958: 891: 830: 719: 711: 408: 403: 383: 375: 300: 241: 209: 162: 65: 40: 2173: 2051: 1260:"Workflow Breakdown of Every Best Picture and Best Editing 2018 Oscars Nominee" 1065: 1053: 903:

was released by TouchVision Systems, Inc. in the mid-1990s and worked with the

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Non-linear editing with computers as it is known today was first introduced by

599: 359: 79:) is a video editing (NLVE) program or application, or an audio editing (NLAE) 1236:"Avid Media Composer commands 4.57% market share in Audio & Video Editing" 200:

The end product of the offline non-linear editing process is a frame-accurate

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editing equipment in major motion picture studios and TV stations worldwide.

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The leading professional non-linear editing software for many years has been

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by editing the EDL (without having to have the actual film data duplicated).

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provide an implementation being used in open-source image editing software.

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of digital video data. With instant access to the shot footage of an entire

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for "Design and Implementation of Non-Linear Editing for Filmed Programs."

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Editec, videotape could be edited electronically with a process known as

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In early 2000, the introduction of highly compressed HD formats such as

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perform transitions and other effects on video clips without additional

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video, was used by the editor to make cuts and edit decisions using a

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is attached to the clip. That metadata can be attached automatically (

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by selectively copying the original footage to another tape called a

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Harrington, Richard; Weiser, Mark; Pixel, RHED (12 February 2019).

1601:"NBC LEADS EMMY WINNERS WITH 15 HONORS IN BEHIND-SCENES CATEGORIES" 973: 943:

high-quality results at a fraction of the cost of earlier systems.

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Up until 1992, the Apple Macintosh computers could access only 50

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for the Macintosh platform, various open-source programs like

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video formats for consumer and professional use. With DV came

1073: 814: 755: 508: 214: 1396:"Adobe, Avid, Blackmagic Design: The Big 3 NLEs at NAB 2019" 1176:

Laser Edit later merged with Pacific Video as Laser-Pacific.

637:, for one) and on hundreds of commercials and music videos. 1105: 826: 779: 613:

The first feature edited on the Montage was Sidney Lumet's

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storage can be edited even before the transfer is finished.

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The non-linear editing method is similar in concept to the

829:. Within a year, thousands of these systems had replaced 1633:

Producing Video Podcasts: A Guide for Media Professionals

1378:"The Big 3 NLEs And Their Place in Today's Film Industry" 952: 896: 874:

in the late 1990s, Eidos discontinued the Optima system.

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original film must be physically cut to perform an edit.

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Another leap came in the late 1990s with the launch of

272:, come included with the appropriate operating system. 714:

introduced the Avid/1, the first in the line of their

1681:"Popular Non-Linear Editors in 2014 Which Support 4K" 1629: 910:

Inspired by the success of Media 100, members of the

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Nonlinear: A Guide to Digital Film and Video Editing

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Nonlinear: A Guide to Digital Film and Video Editing

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The most popular non-linear system in the 1980s was

1300:"The Aussie tech company behind the Oscar nominees" 850:These issues were addressed by a small UK company, 386:, which also had 2 million users as of April 2017. 1530: 1528: 1121:uncompressed video with the appropriate hardware. 870:hardware, so when Acorn stopped manufacturing the 1650: 2198: 1534: 1525: 675:was formalized in 1991 with the publication of 625:on the system, and Stanley Kubrick used it for 1209: 16:Non-destructive audio, video, or image editing 1750: 1558:"Developments in Post Production 1946 - 1991" 1049:. Examples of software for this task include 631:. It was used on several episodic TV shows ( 1324:"The Seven Year Itch – FCP X, Zero to Hero?" 729:The video quality of the Avid/1 (and later 443:for non-linear editing of video may have a 1757: 1743: 1579:. Melbourne: Enriched Books. p. 448. 1455:"The History of Digital Nonlinear Editing" 1285:"Broadcast Engineering: Nonlinear editors" 1100:For imaging software, early works such as 522: 275: 248:(focused on the professional market) and 68:as the audio, video, or image is edited. 1555: 1502: 1500: 663:format on its built-in hard disk array. 27: 1611:from the original on September 28, 2015 1477:"A Brief History Of Electronic Editing" 1408: 1371: 1369: 1367: 963:Technology & Engineering Emmy Award 778:. Its hardware included three embedded 527:The first truly non-linear editor, the 2199: 1409:updated, Cat Ellis last (2018-04-09). 1348: 1346: 1344: 1297: 1738: 1678: 1506: 1497: 1375: 860:International Broadcasting Convention 138:When ingesting audio or video feeds, 1574: 1364: 1205: 1203: 1005:and based on technology invented by 439:Early consumer applications using a 1664:. September 1, 2011. Archived from 1607:. Padadena, CA. September 8, 1986. 1341: 619:. Notably, Francis Coppola edited 337:Avid Media Composer software in use 98: 13: 173:Broadcast workflows and advantages 131:to reach it, as is necessary with 14: 2238: 1723: 1200: 59:(EDL), for video and audio, or a 32:A non-linear video editing studio 1764: 1376:Kroll, Noam (November 7, 2014). 1095: 344: 330: 316: 1697: 1672: 1623: 1593: 1568: 1549: 1469: 1447: 1427: 1402: 1382:The Beat: A Blog by PremiumBeat 1179: 1170: 1153: 1136:Index of video-related articles 169:editing in the consumer space. 1577:Timeline, A History of Editing 1535:Fraser Harrison (2013-03-14). 1388: 1316: 1291: 1277: 1252: 1228: 1: 1193: 718:systems. It was based on the 991: 984:for the Linux platform, and 745:Earth and the American Dream 666: 563: 531:, was introduced in 1971 by 165:, which is why it is called 123:, without having to play or 7: 1679:Radev, Vlady (2014-07-11). 1298:Waters, Cara (2019-01-27). 1214:. Focal Press. p. 14. 1159:A compatible system called 1124: 434: 324:Non-linear editing examples 10: 2245: 1354:"Post Technology Alliance" 1165:digital audio workstations 1111: 535:, a joint venture between 497: 18: 2207:Film and video technology 2120: 2060: 2039: 2008: 1973: 1938: 1890: 1859: 1808: 1772: 1646:– via Google Books. 1304:The Sydney Morning Herald 607:Montage Picture Processor 81:digital audio workstation 73:non-linear editing system 1636:. Taylor & Francis. 1146: 999:cloud-based video editor 135:linear editing systems. 1507:Rubin, Michael (1991). 1212:Practical DV Filmmaking 1210:Evans, Russell (2005). 586:, which used a bank of 523:First non-linear editor 389:Some notable NLEs are: 252:, can be downloaded as 2222:Video editing software 2164:Video editing software 2138:Post-classical editing 1358:pta.netflixstudios.com 1013:and recognized by the 1009:, was demonstrated at 854:. Eidos chose the new 707:Editing Machines Corp. 622:The Godfather Part III 455:connection to capture 276:Accessing the material 195:video editing software 61:directed acyclic graph 33: 2133:Soviet montage theory 1662:Broadcast engineering 1537:"What was EditDroid?" 1083: 1078:Cinelerra-GG Infinity 1036: 978:Cinelerra-GG Infinity 946: 925: 411:and its predecessor, 372:Apple Final Cut Pro X 223:Advanced Video Coding 31: 2153:Linear video editing 1287:. 20 September 2011. 702:editing, and so on. 513:linear video editing 368:Adobe Creative Cloud 85:linear video editing 1790:Attentional control 1658:"Nonlinear editors" 1575:Buck, John (1988). 1411:"Lightworks review" 986:Windows Movie Maker 784:wavelet compression 752:Video Toaster Flyer 722:computer platform ( 547:" mode on modified 441:multimedia computer 399:Avid Media Composer 360:Avid Media Composer 262:Windows Movie Maker 157:techniques used in 2158:Non-linear editing 2128:Continuity editing 1685:www.4kshooters.net 1131:Hard disk recorder 474:for transfer to a 445:video capture card 394:Adobe Premiere Pro 202:edit decision list 109:solid-state drives 57:edit decision list 37:Non-linear editing 34: 2194: 2193: 2179:Real-time editing 2143:In-camera editing 2080:Establishing shot 1991:Shot/reverse shot 1969: 1968: 1836:Multiple exposure 1586:978-0-646-49224-7 1511:. Triad Pub. Co. 1118:lossy compression 852:Eidos Interactive 776:embedded software 673:nonlinear editing 628:Full Metal Jacket 256:; and some, like 127:through adjacent 2234: 1857: 1856: 1841:Optical illusion 1759: 1752: 1745: 1736: 1735: 1717: 1716: 1711:. Archived from 1701: 1695: 1694: 1692: 1691: 1676: 1670: 1669: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1627: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1605:Associated Press 1597: 1591: 1590: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1560:. Archived from 1553: 1547: 1546: 1544: 1543: 1532: 1523: 1522: 1504: 1495: 1494: 1492: 1486:, archived from 1481: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1461:, archived from 1451: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1441: 1431: 1425: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1406: 1400: 1399: 1392: 1386: 1385: 1373: 1362: 1361: 1350: 1339: 1338: 1336: 1335: 1320: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1310: 1295: 1289: 1288: 1281: 1275: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1264:Frame.io Insider 1256: 1250: 1249: 1247: 1246: 1232: 1226: 1225: 1207: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1168: 1157: 1007:Stephen Streater 823:Silicon Graphics 596:Still the Beaver 348: 334: 242:web applications 99:Basic techniques 21:Non-linear media 2244: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2232: 2231: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2169:Offline editing 2116: 2095:External rhythm 2090:Internal rhythm 2073:Kuleshov effect 2056: 2047:180-degree rule 2035: 2004: 1965: 1934: 1886: 1855: 1804: 1785:Synchronization 1768: 1763: 1726: 1721: 1720: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1689: 1687: 1677: 1673: 1656: 1655: 1651: 1644: 1628: 1624: 1614: 1612: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1573: 1569: 1554: 1550: 1541: 1539: 1533: 1526: 1519: 1505: 1498: 1490: 1479: 1475: 1474: 1470: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1432: 1428: 1419: 1417: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1374: 1365: 1352: 1351: 1342: 1333: 1331: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1308: 1306: 1296: 1292: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1269: 1267: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1244: 1242: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1222: 1208: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1190: 1184: 1180: 1175: 1171: 1158: 1154: 1149: 1141:Version control 1127: 1114: 1098: 1086: 1070:DaVinci Resolve 1058:Final Cut Pro X 1039: 994: 949: 928: 905:Action Media II 892:Imix video cube 740:Lost in Yonkers 720:Apple Macintosh 700:electronic film 677:Michael Rubin's 669: 566: 525: 500: 437: 413:Final Cut Pro 7 409:Final Cut Pro X 404:DaVinci Resolve 384:Final Cut Pro X 376:DaVinci Resolve 356: 355: 354: 353: 352: 349: 340: 339: 338: 335: 326: 325: 319: 278: 235:high definition 210:Generation loss 175: 163:word processing 101: 66:generation loss 41:offline editing 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2242: 2241: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2174:Online editing 2171: 2166: 2161: 2155: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2115: 2114: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2052:30-degree rule 2049: 2043: 2041: 2037: 2036: 2034: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2002: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1966: 1964: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1911: 1910: 1900: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1863: 1861: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1831:Points of view 1828: 1823: 1818: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1762: 1761: 1754: 1747: 1739: 1733: 1732: 1725: 1724:External links 1722: 1719: 1718: 1715:on 2013-02-02. 1705:"Live Picture" 1696: 1671: 1668:on 2018-01-04. 1649: 1642: 1622: 1592: 1585: 1567: 1564:on 2012-03-02. 1556:Richard Seel. 1548: 1524: 1517: 1496: 1468: 1446: 1426: 1401: 1387: 1363: 1340: 1315: 1290: 1276: 1251: 1227: 1220: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1178: 1169: 1151: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1126: 1123: 1113: 1110: 1097: 1094: 1085: 1082: 1066:Adobe Premiere 1054:Media Composer 1038: 1035: 993: 990: 948: 945: 927: 924: 888:online editing 803:Disney Channel 772:microprocessor 764:video switcher 731:Media Composer 716:Media Composer 668: 665: 600:Technical Emmy 565: 562: 524: 521: 499: 496: 436: 433: 432: 431: 426: 421: 416: 406: 401: 396: 350: 343: 342: 341: 336: 329: 328: 327: 323: 322: 321: 320: 318: 315: 314: 313: 310: 307: 303: 301:Shared storage 298: 286: 277: 274: 174: 171: 107:, or on local 100: 97: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2240: 2239: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2217:Digital audio 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2185: 2184:Vision mixing 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2149: 2148:Video editing 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2111: 2110:Stock footage 2108: 2106: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2070: 2069: 2068:Reaction shot 2066: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2031:Walk and talk 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1981:Cut on action 1979: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1951:Invisible cut 1949: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1826:Eyeline match 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1760: 1755: 1753: 1748: 1746: 1741: 1740: 1737: 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890:capable. 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