124:
405:, though it is unknown when that title was held, be it as early as 819 or as late as 834. Nominoe may not have possessed any land outside Vannes and his ability to gather revenue in Breton-speaking territories was probably no greater than any other aristocrat of those regions. His chief source of income after he broke with his overlord was plunder from raids into Frankish territory and from the despoliation of churches. He did have the political authority to exact payment (
527:
25:
608:, the bishops sent orders to Nominoe, Lambert, and Pepin commanding them to renew their fealty to Charles or be prepared to accept military consequences. Lambert and Pepin complied, but Nominoe ignored the Frankish bishops. However, some Bretons had connived against him with Charles and the king tried to enter Brittany in support of the defectors, but without success: he was defeated at the
672:
in
February 847 and agreed to send orders to Nominoe and Pepin II to desist from making war on Charles. Nominoe, probably being paid by Lothair, did not in fact desist; neither did Pepin. In two campaigns in the spring and then fall of 849, Charles was in Aquitaine and Nominoe took the opportunity to
649:) for the first time in this context and this may indicate that Nominoe was created Duke of the Bretons in return for recognising Charles' lordship. As another part of the agreement, Nominoe had Charles remove Lambert from Nantes and put him in power in
702:, who succeeded him. Nominoe was thus the founder of a political tradition in Brittany which had not thitherto existed; though his charters did not mimic Carolingian ones, his successors would imitate the legitimising Carolingian language in theirs.
734:
sent a letter to
Nominoe and the bishops (whether before or after the deposition is unknown) informing him that the depositions could only be enacted by a panel of twelve bishops with seventy-two witnesses. The later popes
580:
succeeded in persuading
Nominoe to abandon Charles and go over to the emperor. Nominoe was thereafter a constant enemy of Charles and his authority in Neustria, often acting in concert with Lothair, Lambert, and
686:. In August, Charles marched on Rennes, again avoided fighting, and installed garrisons there and at Nantes. Immediately after he left, Lambert and Nominoe defeated the garrisons and captured the new
565:, who claimed Neustria. Nominoe remained loyal to Charles throughout the next year, even making a donation "in alms for the king" to the abbey of Redon on 25 January 842. Breton soldiers, as well as
817:
and the bringing of the bishoprics of Rennes and Nantes into the Breton fold meant that the church of
Brittany was an actively independent ecclesiastic polity from its nominal metropolitan, the
641:
In Summer 846, Charles marched on
Brittany and again took no military action, instead coming to peace with Nominoe and exchanging oaths. The details of the peace arrangements are unknown, but
426:, "imperial emissary", which was probably the title he was granted at Ingelheim. In Breton charters, Nominoe was known inconsistently by several titles from February 833 until his death:
943:
Smith, 93, suggests that this date was the anniversary of the oath of the previous year, but this contradicts the statement that
Charles only procured the oath in springtime.
743:
believed that
Nominoe had forced the bishops to admit to crimes they had not committed and that their depositions were thus invalid. A Frankish synod of 850 held at either
412:
The title Duke of
Brittany is primarily a chronicler's invention of the tenth century. Nominoe never held a title from the emperor, who refers to him in charters as merely
778:
393:
Nominoe was a staunch ally of Louis the Pious until the emperor's death in 840. He supported Louis in the several civil wars of the 830s and he supported the monastery of
810:
790:
786:
340:
680:
In 850, Lambert (and his brother Warnar) had renewed their friendship with
Nominoe and together were raiding Maine "with unspeakable fury" according to the
814:
691:
557:
to see if
Nominoe would submit to him in the spring of 841 and Nominoe agreed to do so. It is clear from the wording of the account of this event in
715:
802:
782:
798:
794:
616:
on 22 November 845. It is probable that in the Vannetais Nominoe's authority had been weakened after his split with Charles in 843 and
1800:
1088:
1761:
1755:
35:
1272:
93:
698:
while ravaging the Nantais and Anjou; he was buried at Redon Abbey. By his wife Argentaela, Nominoe left a son named
1405:
561:
that Nominoe was too powerful to be compelled to submit; later in 841 he rebuffed the overtures of the new emperor,
221:
65:
397:, even ordering the monks to pray for Louis in light of the emperor's "strife". Nominoe's power base was in the
1426:
72:
50:
1390:
1719:
1435:
1081:
846:
1677:
1671:
1576:
1489:
1308:
1097:
388:, king of the Bretons, died and Numenoi was created duke of that same people by the emperor at Ingelheim.
141:
1341:
775:. Nominoe sacked Rennes and Nantes, replacing the new Frankish bishop of the latter with his own nominee.
1659:
1555:
1381:
1375:
1332:
79:
1320:
1260:
1805:
1665:
1561:
1474:
1420:
1326:
1314:
1175:
1048:
710:
In 849 at a place called Coitlouh, Nominoe held a synod whereat he deposed the five Breton bishops of
1647:
1617:
1600:
1591:
1549:
1513:
1504:
1369:
1266:
1248:
1160:
379:
Murmanus rex Brittonum moritur et Numenoio apud Ingelheim ab imperator ducatus ipsius gentis traditur
61:
1653:
1543:
1180:
1074:
363:
appointed Nominoe, a Breton, to rule the Bretons (which corresponded to "almost all" of Brittany).
1254:
682:
549:, Louis's successor after 840, were initially amicable. In the midst of a revolt of his men in
585:. Breton troops fought under Lambert in Neustria and when, in June 844, Charles was besieging
818:
582:
617:
1790:
1632:
1459:
772:
642:
577:
8:
1795:
805:. The two bishops of Alet, first Rethwalatr and then Mahen are very obscure figures. The
570:
1725:
853:
723:
625:
538:
352:
312:
1302:
1101:
719:
664:, again. This was probably instigated by Lothair, for he, Charles, and their brother
254:
86:
364:
1713:
1683:
1610:
1233:
806:
736:
665:
609:
590:
546:
422:
398:
299:
1698:
1528:
1287:
740:
711:
687:
674:
402:
360:
283:
275:
216:
46:
1740:
1444:
1130:
764:
727:
534:
768:
123:
1784:
673:
raid Neustria. Charles reestablished Lambert in Nantes after Nominoe invaded
605:
307:
236:
223:
1185:
593:
and plundered the territory. In November 843, Charles had marched as far as
1135:
132:
834:
731:
409:) in the form of land from a man who had murdered his follower Catworet.
394:
212:
771:
in 859 sent to what remained of the Breton church in communion with the
1066:
695:
135:
in which he vows vengeance on the Franks for killing a Breton emissary
1165:
1125:
562:
526:
356:
336:
24:
1145:
1041:
669:
657:
586:
550:
159:
1170:
1155:
1058:
830:
699:
630:
613:
566:
558:
554:
406:
303:
259:
169:
789:
was deposed in Dol, but his replacement is unknown. At Quimper,
521:
1140:
752:
744:
661:
594:
385:
748:
332:
346:
650:
601:
813:. His replacement was the obscure Gislard. In the end the
351:
After a general rebellion which had enveloped the entire
809:
whom Nominoe succeeded in removing for about a year was
131:, a Victorian illustration to a ballad about Nominoe in
42:
755:
by unlawfully removing bishops and replacing them with
636:
576:
In the summer of 843, Lothair or perhaps his supporter
331:
He was the second son of Count Erispoe or Erispoë of
730:. The charges he levelled against them are unknown.
339:(775–812), and younger brother of Count Riwallon or
359:in May 831. It was probably there that the emperor
867:Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians
656:By Christmas time, Nominoe's Bretons were raiding
569:, certainly took part in the military show of the
620:reports "unrest" in Brittany during this period.
371:writes, inaccurately for the year 837, that:
1782:
604:in October 844, presided over by Charles' uncle
597:to compel Breton submission, but to no effect.
829:At his death Nominoe was succeeded by his son
1082:
767:, as indicated by an epistle of the synod of
522:Loyalty and falling out with Charles the Bald
355:was put down, a general assembly was held at
705:
317:
51:introducing citations to additional sources
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910:
122:
1115:
347:Rise and titulature under Louis the Pious
1096:
525:
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
997:
985:
964:
907:
1783:
781:was deposed in Vannes and replaced by
298: 7 March 851) was the first
1070:
694:. On 7 March 851, Nominoe died near
637:Renewed loyalty and second rebellion
453:gubernante Nominoe totam Brittanniam
18:
16:1st Duke of Brittany from 846 to 851
869:. Cambridge University Press: 1992.
457:("Nominoe, governing all Brittany")
13:
545:The relations between Nominoe and
14:
1817:
477:("Nominoe, reigning in Brittany")
401:and two charters refer to him as
302:from 846 to his death. He is the
1801:9th-century monarchs of Brittany
759:(mercenaries of his own). These
623:In 844 and 847 according to the
447:("Nominoe, possessing Brittany")
34:relies largely or entirely on a
23:
1767:François de Bourbon (1973–1984)
1018:
1009:
976:
612:just north of Redon across the
467:("Nominoe, prince in Brittany")
437:("Nominoe, master in Brittany")
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
898:
889:
880:
531:Nominoe Triumphant: Tad ar Vro
473:regnante Nominoe in Brittannia
463:Nominoe principe in Brittannia
443:Nominoe possidente Brittanniam
433:Nominoe magistro in Britanniam
1:
1206:
1116:
859:
847:Dukes of Brittany family tree
824:
487:("Nominoe, duke in Brittany")
183:
1577:War of the Breton Succession
295:
291:
7:
840:
323:("father of the country").
10:
1822:
629:, Nominoe made war on the
326:
1748:
1739:
1706:
1697:
1640:
1631:
1584:
1575:
1536:
1527:
1497:
1488:
1467:
1458:
1413:
1404:
1362:
1355:
1295:
1286:
1241:
1232:
1205:
1198:
1108:
1055:
1046:
1038:
1033:
706:Deposition of the bishops
483:Nominoe duce in Britannia
253:
207:
203:7 March 851 (aged ~50–51)
192:
179:
175:
165:
155:
147:
140:
121:
116:
873:
833:. Nominoe was buried at
420:, "faithful one", or as
683:Chronicon Fontanellense
645:uses the title "duke" (
589:, Nominoe raided into
542:
512:
502:
492:
482:
472:
462:
452:
442:
432:
415:
391:
378:
318:
287:
279:
1024:Smith, 154–157.
916:Smith, 129–135.
819:Metropolitan of Tours
583:Pepin II of Aquitaine
541:engraving of Nominoe.
529:
373:
341:Rivallon III of Poher
1633:Montfort of Brittany
1460:House of Plantagenet
1356:House of Cornouaille
773:Archdiocese of Tours
643:Prudentius of Troyes
578:Lambert II of Nantes
553:, Charles sent from
47:improve this article
1406:House of Penthièvre
1015:Smith, 117 and 119.
865:Smith, Julia M. H.
751:accused Nominoe of
571:Oaths of Strasbourg
313:Breton nationalists
233: /
895:Smith, 80 and n81.
854:Breton nationalism
797:and at Saint-Pol,
626:Annales Bertiniani
618:Lupus of Ferrières
543:
539:Breton nationalist
517:("Breton Nominoe")
507:("prince Nominoe")
503:Nominoius princeps
423:missus imperatoris
353:Carolingian Empire
1806:Dukes of Brittany
1778:
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1734:
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1282:
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1199:Viking occupation
1194:
1193:
1065:
1064:
1056:Succeeded by
815:synod of Coitlouh
660:, this time near
513:Nomenogius Britto
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265:
264:
112:
111:
97:
1813:
1746:
1745:
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1614:
1611:John of Montfort
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1582:
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1534:
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1495:
1494:
1490:House of Thouars
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1118:
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1112:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1049:Duke of Brittany
1039:Preceded by
1031:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1016:
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1007:
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995:
992:
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914:
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896:
893:
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807:bishop of Nantes
793:was replaced by
666:Louis the German
610:Battle of Ballon
600:At the synod of
547:Charles the Bald
515:
505:
497:("duke Nominoe")
495:
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237:47.650°N 2.084°W
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142:Duke of Brittany
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1762:Louis de France
1756:Louis de France
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1699:House of Valois
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1288:House of Rennes
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1234:House of Nantes
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876:
862:
843:
827:
708:
688:Count of Nantes
639:
524:
403:Count of Vannes
384:
361:Louis the Pious
349:
329:
315:he is known as
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1034:Regnal titles
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839:
826:
823:
765:excommunicated
707:
704:
653:further away.
638:
635:
535:Jeanne Malivel
523:
520:
519:
518:
508:
498:
488:
478:
468:
458:
448:
438:
367:in his famous
365:Regino of Prüm
348:
345:
335:, King of the
328:
325:
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257:
251:
250:
242:47.650; -2.084
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103:September 2016
45:. Please help
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58:Find sources:
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36:single source
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1749:1547–present
1613:(1341–1345)
1606:disputed by
1150:
1136:Alain II Hir
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133:Barzaz Breiz
128:
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57:
33:
1791:800s births
1764:(1707–1712)
1758:(1704–1705)
1728:(1536–1547)
1722:(1524–1536)
1720:Francis III
1716:(1514–1524)
1686:(1488–1514)
1680:(1458–1488)
1674:(1457–1458)
1668:(1450–1457)
1662:(1442–1450)
1656:(1399–1442)
1650:(1365–1399)
1620:(1345–1365)
1603:(1341–1364)
1594:(1341–1364)
1564:(1312–1341)
1558:(1305–1312)
1552:(1286–1305)
1546:(1221–1286)
1516:(1213–1221)
1507:(1203–1221)
1477:(1196–1203)
1447:(1199–1201)
1438:(1181–1186)
1436:Geoffrey II
1429:(1166–1201)
1423:(1156–1166)
1393:(1148–1156)
1384:(1148–1156)
1378:(1112–1148)
1372:(1072–1112)
1344:(1066–1072)
1335:(1066–1072)
1329:(1040–1066)
1323:(1008–1034)
1317:(1008–1040)
982:Smith, 199.
835:Redon Abbey
769:Savonnières
737:Benedict II
732:Pope Leo IV
395:Redon Abbey
240: /
213:Redon Abbey
156:Predecessor
1796:851 deaths
1785:Categories
1678:Francis II
1672:Arthur III
1311:(992–1008)
1309:Geoffrey I
1273:Alan (III)
1186:Gourmaëlon
1006:Smith, 98.
994:Smith, 97.
973:Smith, 96.
961:Smith, 95.
952:Smith, 94.
934:Smith, 93.
925:Smith, 83.
904:Smith, 82.
886:Smith, 80.
860:References
825:Succession
803:Garnobrius
783:Courantgen
761:mercenarii
757:mercenarii
741:Nicholas I
319:Tad ar Vro
225:47°39′00″N
187: 800
73:newspapers
1707:1514–1547
1660:Francis I
1641:1365–1514
1585:1341–1365
1556:Arthur II
1537:1221–1341
1498:1203–1221
1468:1196–1203
1427:Constance
1414:1156–1196
1376:Conan III
1363:1072–1156
1305:(990–992)
1275:(988–990)
1269:(981–988)
1263:(960–981)
1257:(952–958)
1251:(938–952)
1218:Rognvaldr
1166:Pascweten
801:replaced
799:Clutwoion
716:Saint-Pol
563:Lothair I
537:, 1922),
399:Vannetais
369:Chronicon
357:Ingelheim
343:(?–857).
337:Browaroch
228:2°05′02″W
199:851-03-07
166:Successor
62:"Nominoe"
43:talk page
1666:Peter II
1562:John III
1475:Arthur I
1421:Conan IV
1327:Conan II
1315:Alan III
1296:958–1072
1176:Judicael
1146:Wihomarc
1102:Brittany
1098:Monarchs
1053:846–851
1042:Wihomarc
841:See also
795:Anaweten
779:Susannus
670:Meerssen
658:Neustria
587:Toulouse
551:Neustria
294:c. 800,
160:Wihomarc
1648:John IV
1618:John IV
1601:Charles
1550:John II
1514:Peter I
1370:Alan IV
1342:Hoël II
1303:Conan I
1267:Guerech
1249:Alan II
1242:938–958
1209:907–938
1171:Gurvand
1161:Salomon
1156:Erispoe
1151:Nominoe
1119:578–907
1059:Erispoe
831:Erispoe
787:Salocon
724:Quimper
700:Erispoe
696:Vendôme
692:Amalric
668:met at
631:Vikings
614:Vilaine
567:Gascons
559:Nithard
555:Le Mans
416:fidelis
407:wergild
327:Origins
311:and to
288:Nevenoe
280:Nominoë
272:Nomenoe
268:Nominoe
260:Erispoe
170:Erispoe
151:841–851
117:Nominoe
87:scholar
1714:Claude
1654:John V
1544:John I
1391:Odo II
1382:Bertha
1333:Hawise
1261:Hoël I
1215:Hroflr
1181:Alan I
1141:Morman
1126:Waroch
811:Actard
753:simony
745:Angers
726:, and
720:Vannes
662:Bayeux
595:Rennes
386:Morman
304:Breton
284:Breton
276:French
208:Burial
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
1726:Henry
1442:later
1321:Odo I
1255:Drogo
1221:Incon
874:Notes
791:Felix
763:were
749:Tours
675:Anjou
591:Maine
333:Poher
255:Issue
148:Reign
94:JSTOR
80:books
1684:Anne
1598:with
1592:Joan
1511:with
1505:Alix
1433:with
1388:with
1339:with
739:and
712:Alet
651:Sens
602:Yutz
193:Died
180:Born
66:news
1615:and
1100:of
747:or
728:Dol
677:.
647:dux
270:or
49:by
1787::
1207:c.
1117:c.
999:^
987:^
966:^
909:^
837:.
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714:,
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633:.
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383:.
296:d.
292:b.
290:;
286::
282:;
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215:,
184:c.
1090:e
1083:t
1076:v
533:(
274:(
201:)
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105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
53:.
39:.
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