Nolan Bushnell - Knowledge

821:, a company that evolved out of an early project called In10City (pronounced 'Intensity') which was a concept of an entertainment complex and dining experience. uWink was started by Bushnell and his business adviser Loni Reeder, who also designed the original logo for the company. The company has gone through several failed iterations including a touch-screen kiosk design, a company to run cash and prize awards as part of their uWin concept and also an online Entertainment Systems network. After nearly 7 years and over $ 24 million in investor funding, the touchscreen kiosks/bartop model was closed amid complaints of unpaid prizes and lack of maintaining service agreements with locations to keep the kiosk/bartop units in working condition. The latest iteration (announced in 2005) is a new interactive entertainment restaurant called the uWink Media Bistro, whose concept builds off his Chuck E. Cheese venture and previous 1988–1989 venture Bots Inc., which developed similar systems of customer-side point-of-sale touch-screen terminals in addition to autonomous 829:. The plan was for guests to order their food and drinks using screens at each table, on which they may also play games with each other and watch movie trailers and short videos. The multiplayer network type video games that allowed table to table interaction or even with table group play never materialized. Guests often spotted the OSX based machine being constantly re-booted in order to play much simpler casual video games. Another factor that possibly led to the failure of the restaurants was the placement of the restaurants. The Woodland Hills location was on the second floor of a suburban shopping mall and the Hollywood location practically hidden with minimal visibility on a higher level of a shopping center complex. The first Bistro opened in 627:, to help with Atari's marketing. Kassar created successful advertising and marketing throughout 1978, positioning the Atari VCS for a larger sales period at the end of the year. However, Bushnell had concerns on Kassar's plans and feared they had produced too many units to be sold, and at a board meeting with Warner near the end of the year, reiterated this position. Bushnell recommended that funds be used in R&D for developing a new, technologically superior console, as he feared rising competition would make the aging tech specs of the VCS obsolete. Bushnell's concerns never materialized as a combination of Kassar's marketing and the popularity of 416: 540: 33: 1041:, proposed Executive Chairman and chief executive officer of MGT Capital, stated, "Nolan is one of the brightest minds in cyber technology. In his career, he has founded more than 20 high tech companies, giving him unprecedented knowledge of the tech industry. As a director, he will help MGT identify and cultivate the necessary strategic partnerships to position the company as the world leader in cyber security." 922: 488:, he gave the task of making the Magnavox tennis game into a coin-op version to Alcorn as a test project. He told Alcorn that he was making the game for General Electric, in order to motivate him, but in actuality he planned to simply dispose of the game. Alcorn incorporated many of his own improvements into the game design, such as the ball speeding up the longer the game went on, and 699:, a competing Pizza/Arcade family restaurant, then purchased Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre and assumed its debt. The newly formed company, ShowBiz Pizza Time, operated restaurants under both brands before unifying all locations under the Chuck E. Cheese brand by 1992. Today over 560 locations of this restaurant are in business. 1102:, who is credited with creating the first home video game console, should be considered the father of video games, which had led to some bad blood between the two inventors. However, the industry recognized that Baer should be considered the father of home video gaming, while Bushnell is credited with innovating the arcade game. 769:

high-definition television. Cumma attempted to distribute video games using special vending machines that would write the game onto discs on demand. ByVideo developed an early online shopping experience using kiosks and Laser Discs that allowed shoppers to virtually purchase products that would then be delivered later.

567:, that was built from borrowed parts from Atari and with technical support from Atari employees. They initially offered the design to Bushnell and Atari, but Bushnell wanted Atari to focus on arcade and home consoles. Later in 1975, Jobs offered Bushnell a chance for one-third equity stake in their budding company 786:. In association with Aristo, Bushnell spearheaded TeamNet, a line of multiplayer-only arcade machines targeted towards adults, which allowed teams of up to four players to compete either locally or remotely via internet. Aristo was later renamed PlayNet. Borta Inc. Developed video games that included versions of 692:

During this time Bushnell was using large loans on his Pizza Time stock to fund Catalyst. By the end of 1983, Chuck E. Cheese was having serious financial problems. President and long-time friend Joe Keenan resigned that fall. Nolan tried to step back in, blaming the money problems on over-expansion,

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and Kadabrascope. Sente was a reentry into the coin-operated game business. Arcade cabinets would have a proprietary system with a cartridge slot so operators could refresh their games without having to buy whole new cabinets. Kadabrascope was an early attempt at computer assisted animation. In 1983

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at the arcade drove Atari VCS sales. Both Warner Communications and Bushnell commonly recognized he was no longer a good leader for the company, removing him as CEO and Chairman in early 1979. Warner offered Bushnell the opportunity to stay as a director and creative consultant, but Bushnell refused.

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Loni Reeder, who was responsible for communications, security, and facilities at Atari and later cofounded uWink with Bushnell, stated, "I was treated fairly and paid well. I have fellow Atari women friends who also know Nolan. None of us were offended by him." Reeder further stated of the workplace

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The following day, the Advisory Committee reconsidered the selection of Bushnell for the award and announced the Pioneer Award would not be awarded, and instead it would be used that year to "honor the pioneering and unheard voices of the past". GDC further stated that they believed their selections

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along with online Sports Games. Aristo developed two main products: a touchscreen interface bar-top/arcade system that would also provide internet access, phone calls, and online networked tournaments; and a digital jukebox, capable of storing thousands of songs and downloading new releases. By late

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While many of the ideas eventually led to current-day innovations, most of Catalyst's companies eventually failed due to a lack of underlying technology available in the 1980s to sustain these high-tech innovations. For example, Catalyst's companies included CinemaVision, which attempted to develop

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Carol Kantor, the first games user researcher and who led an all-female games user research team at Atari, said, "I know there are people out there who are accused and really were guilty of sexual harassment. But not Nolan. It wasn't in his character. I certainly stand up for the Nolan that I knew.

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I applaud the GDC for ensuring that their institution reflects what is right, specifically with regards to how people should be treated in the workplace. And if that means an award is the price I have to pay personally so the whole industry may be more aware and sensitive to these issues, I applaud

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was a commercial failure, though sales exceeded $ 3 million. Bushnell felt that Nutting Associates had not marketed the game well, and decided that his next game would be licensed to a bigger manufacturer. Bushnell also knew that the next game they developed would need to be simpler and not require

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He married his first wife, Paula Rochelle Nielson, in 1966 and had two daughters; in 1969, they moved to California. They divorced in 1975, just prior to Warner Communication's purchase of Atari. Around the end of 1977, he married Nancy Nino, with whom he had six children. He also used his profit

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generally considered the attack and decision related to Bushnell's award as unfair, and expressed anger at those that had raised the issue with the committee. Some stated that those who accused Bushnell of sexism did not take into consideration the culture of the time, and there was a clear and

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where he is Founder, CEO and chairman. The company was venture capital funded in 2012. It is based on the idea that many curriculum lessons can be turned into mini-games. Developers can take any body of knowledge from English language arts to foreign language, geography, multiplication table or

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too much tweaking of the formula and saturation in local markets by the management team. He resigned in February 1984, when the board of directors rejected his proposed changes. Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theaters (now named after its famous rat mascot) entered bankruptcy in the fall of 1984.

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of Atari's games. Even with Kee's output, Atari had difficulty meeting demand for arcade games, and by 1974 Atari was facing financial hardships in part due to the competition in the arcade game market. Bushnell opted to merge Kee Games into Atari in September 1974 just ahead of the release of

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animals that played music as entertainment. It is known that Bushnell had always wanted to work for Walt Disney, but was continually turned down for employment when he was first starting out after graduation; Chuck E. Cheese was his homage to Disney and the technology developed there. In 1981

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Elaine Shirley, who worked at Atari during the Bushnell years, said, "Those were the times. He hit on women and they hit on him. If the #MeToo movement was active when Atari was alive, I think half our company would be charged. To my knowledge, no one ever did anything they did not want to

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Between 2010 and 2012, BrainRush ran a test in Spanish language vocabulary learning with over 2200 teachers and 80,000 students across the country and got an increase in learning speed of between 8–10 times traditional learning. BrainRush rolled out the full platform in the fall of 2013.

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observed that the percentage of females in the video game industry has declined since 1991 to as low as 15% as of 2016, which is difficult to attribute, but suggested may be tied to a portion of women that would not be able to withstand the type of workplace of the 1980s Atari. In an

730:, a bear that mumbled/echoed a child's words back to him/her. In the late 1980s, Axlon managed the development of two new games for the Atari 2600, most likely as part of a marketing attempt to revive sales of the system, already more than a decade old. This included Motorodeo, a 348:, Hadley Ltd, and the industrial engineering department at the U of U. For several summers, he built his own advertising company, Campus Company, which produced blotters for four universities and sold advertising space around a calendar of events. He also sold copies of 297:

in his youth, by the time of his first divorce he had forgone the teachings often being called a "lapsed Mormon". He said that he stopped practicing the faith after he got into a debate over the interpretation of the Bible with a professor at the University of Utah's

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chemistry tables, to parts of the human body and gamify the experience. BrainRush calls their underlying technology "Adaptive Practice." They have also developed an open-authoring system allowing users to quickly create games in different topic areas.

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1997 the company was facing financial troubles and was planning to withdraw the units it had released in the field and relaunch the line with improvements to the credit card swipe system and internet connections. The company died shortly before the

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The first year of Atari VCS sales were modest and limited by Atari's own supply. While many of initial games were arcade conversions of Atari arcade games, the second wave of games in 1983 were more abstract and difficult to promote. Warner placed

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was sending the wrong message. Wu stated, "Nolan Bushnell deserves to be honored, but this is not the right time for it. It's easy to draw a line between the culture he created at Atari and the structural sexism women in tech face today." The

341:, where theme park customers would have to use skill and luck to ultimately achieve the goal and win the prize. He liked the concept of getting people curious about the game and from there getting them to pay the fee in order to play. 993:

In Summer 1995 Bushnell announced a new line of amusement centers called E2000, which would be similar to Chuck E. Cheese's, but based on a video game theme. However, an unrelated multimillion-dollar lawsuit filed against Bushnell by

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in 1996, the company which carried on Atari's arcade legacy, Nolan Bushnell became senior consultant to the small game developer Aristo International after it bought Borta, Inc., where he was chairman. Aristo's CEO and chairman was

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As Atari faced more competition in both arcade and home consoles from 1975 onward, Bushnell recognized that the costs in developing both types of systems with only limited shelf life were too high, and directed Atari's engineers at

510:, Bushnell and Dabney had a falling-out: Dabney felt he was being pushed to the side by Bushnell, while Bushnell felt Dabney was holding back the company from larger financial success. Bushnell purchased Dabney's share of Atari for 1224:

at Atari, "I take great offense of people coming in today and saying we were oppressed...We had a united and cohesive environment. That was what the ’70s were about. It wasn't like we all got together to have an orgy."

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In 2009, Bushnell announced his intention to move into the game-education market with a venture called Snap. He also announced that he would make an appearance at SGC, a gaming convention organized by

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Bushnell is considered to be the "father of electronic gaming" due to his contributions in establishing the arcade game market and creation of Atari. There had been debate between whether Bushnell or

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spoke to a dozen female former Atari employees, some whom had already spoken out on social media. All who agreed that while the company's 1970s and 1980s workplace was influenced by the broader

334:(1969), watching customers play and helping to maintain the machinery while learning how it worked, developing his understanding of how the game business operates. He was also interested in the 1253:

suggested the current environment within the video game industry was more heavily influenced by Nintendo, Sony, and Microsoft, which took drastically different approaches to workplace culture.

1207:, Bushnell cautioned that "exploring these kinds of issues through a finite, 40-year-old prism a productive reflection of our company", and referred to feedback from his former employees. 431:

In 1972, Bushnell and Dabney set off on their own, and learned that the name "Syzygy" was in use; Bushnell has said at different times that it was in use by a candle company owned by a

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and invited female secretaries to join them. Wu and others asserted that while Bushnell had done much for the industry, recognizing him with this type of award during the ongoing

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In 1977, while at Atari, Bushnell purchased Pizza Time Theatre back from Warner Communications. It had been created by Bushnell, originally as a place where kids could go and eat

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consoles first released in 1975. Atari continued to make variants of its existing arcade games for dedicated home consoles until 1977. During this period, former Atari employees

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Nolan is on the advisory board of Anti-AgingGames.com and was a co-founder of the company, featuring online memory, concentration, and focus games for healthy people over 35.

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that, too. If my personal actions or the actions of anyone who ever worked with me offended or caused pain to anyone at our companies, then I apologize without reservation.

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and found they had common interests. Bushnell shared his ideas of creating pizza parlors filled with electronic games with Dabney, and took Dabney to the computing labs at

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To get more arcade games to market and bypass exclusivity limitations that coin-op game distributors had set, Bushnell discreetly had his neighbor Joe Keenan establish

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envisioned to star as Bushnell. While news of the film was quiet over the next ten years, in March 2018, film financing company Vision Tree was working to start an

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for many years while attending college. He was made manager of the games department two seasons after starting. While working there, he became familiar with arcade

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distinct difference between the sexualized occurrences at Atari in the 1970s, and the real harassment and threats faced by women in the current #MeToo movement.

3732: 2087: 575:; Bushnell remarked in hindsight, "I was so smart, I said no. It's kind of fun to think about that, when I'm not crying." Bushnell also established the first 3100: 536:

was an arcade success and helped bolster Atari's finances. Keenan became president of Atari and managed its operations while Bushnell retained his CEO role.

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Bushnell is also one of the founders of Modal VR, a company that develops a portable large-scale VR system for enterprises to train e.g., security forces.

615:, in November 1976. Warner provided a large investment into the Atari VCS to allow it to be completed early the next year and released in September 1977. 3649: 859:, the owner of the Atari brand and its home legacy since 2001, announced that Nolan Bushnell would join the company's board of directors. It marked his 2315: 2428: 1671: 1125:

about Bushnell's life. While Bushnell had been approached by others to make such a film and turned these offers down, he accepted an offer made by

2629:"Global Gaming Appoints Nolan Bushnell to its Board of Directors & Enters the eSports Industry Through the Acquisition of Videre eSports Corp" 227: 361:, but the company was not in the routine practice of hiring fresh college graduates. Instead, Bushnell got a job as an electrical engineer with 3554: 3444: 5036: 5031: 2029: 599:, was released in November 1976. Bushnell realized they needed to speed up the Atari VCS's development. After initially considering become a 4059: 3253: 1113:

awarded the Academy Fellowship to Bushnell in recognition of his outstanding achievement as a founding father of the video games industry.

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as the restaurants started to lose money, Sente, though profitable, was sold to Bally for $ 3.9 million and Kadabrascope was sold to

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in Episode 3 of Season 1. For the 50th anniversary of Atari, Bushnell was interviewed by then-current Atari CEO Wade Rosen for the

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In 1983, Bushnell introduced the first "Androbot" TOPO. It was shown at the First Annual Consumer Robotics Show in Albuquerque, NM.

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The Ultimate History of Video Games: From Pong to Pokémon—The Story Behind the Craze That Touched Our Lives and Changed the World

2281: 5016: 3594: 3179: 2882: 203:. He is on the board of Anti-Aging Games. In 2012, he founded an educational software company called Brainrush, that is using 5086: 5066: 3718: 3013: 2542: 1186:"should reflect the values of today's game industry". Bushnell released a statement agreeing with the committee's decision: 1964: 2699: 1732: 1439: 669:

Bushnell turned over day-to-day food operations of Chuck E. Cheese's to a newly hired restaurant executive and focused on

664:, which would therefore function as a distribution channel for Atari games. Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre also had 5056: 3666:

https://web.archive.org/web/20160611120837/http://finance.yahoo.com/news/mgt-appoints-nolan-bushnell-board-130000055.html

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would go on to revolutionize the home gaming market, but Bushnell was forced out of Atari not long after its release.

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The situation has led to discussion of how the Atari workplace may have influenced the current video game industry.

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On March 6, 2019, Nolan was appointed CEO and Chairman of publicly traded company Global Gaming Technologies Corp.

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Etak, founded in 1984, was the first company to digitize the maps of the world, as part of the first commercial

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s "50 Men Who Changed America". He has started more than 20 companies and is one of the founding fathers of the

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Nolan Bushnell with Dr. Jeremy Weisz on InspiredInsider -Bushnell Opens up about Low Times and Proud Moments

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users to read instructions on the cabinet, since their target audience would likely be drunken bar patrons.

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or Atari VCS and later known as the Atari 2600. However, before Atari had completed its design, the

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was established, and in 2008 the company opened a third Southern California restaurant and one in

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With the company financially stable, Atari entered the consumer electronics market, with its home

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video game where he discussed his history with the company and its relevance in the modern era.

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Fellowship and the Nations Restaurant News "Innovator of the Year" award, and was named one of

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After graduating, Bushnell had moved to California from Utah with the hopes of being hired by

5041: 4819: 4589: 3899: 3858: 1165:(GDC), crediting his role at Atari. That day, several people through social media, including 1134: 708: 670: 624: 604: 447: 432: 316: 299: 239: 214:, an aphorism about games that are "easy to learn and difficult to master" being rewarding. 5006: 4222: 4106: 3710: 3353: 3280: 888: 826: 287: 250: 170:(born February 5, 1943) is an American businessman and electrical engineer. He established 2653: 8: 4013: 3805: 726:

Axlon launched many consumer and consumer electronic products successfully, most notably

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towards a programmable home console. This console eventually was released in 1977 as the

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prompted most of E2000's investors to back out, leaving him unable to fund the project.

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announced that Bushnell would receive the Pioneer Award at the March ceremony at the

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in 1961 to study engineering and then later business. In 1964, he transferred to the

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Before leaving, Bushnell negotiated the rights to Pizza Time Theatre from Atari for

4983: 4697: 4689: 4482: 4458: 4366: 4318: 4262: 4254: 4138: 4122: 4090: 4075: 3867: 3822: 3763: 3564: 2990: 2811: 2316:"The Untold Story of Atari Founder Nolan Bushnell's Visionary 1980s Tech Incubator" 1072: 1048:, a maker of robotics software platforms for autonomous vehicles and mobile robots. 1018: 607:, looking to boost their own failing media properties, agreed to acquire Atari for 584: 522: 485: 420: 294: 265: 223: 63: 435:

hippie commune and by a roofing company. They instead incorporated under the name

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In May 2016, Bushnell joined the board of directors of MGT Capital Investments.

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In 2008, Bushnell became a member of AirPatrol Corporation's board of directors.

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over the next few years as the mainstay of the company. After the release of

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from selling Atari to Warner to purchase the former mansion of coffee magnate

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In 1969, Bushnell and Dabney formed Syzygy with the intention of producing a

2605: 2414: 2113:. Glenview, Illinois, USA: Scott, Foresman and Company. pp. 90–91, 94. 1930:"Nolan Bushnell: Transcript of an interview conducted by Christopher Weaver" 4919: 4871: 4835: 4811: 4779: 4705: 4573: 4430: 4374: 4358: 4342: 4302: 4146: 4028: 3973: 3389: 3244:"Game Developers Conference Rescinds Atari Founder's Award Nom Amid Outcry" 3184: 2887: 1290: 949: 788: 750: 716: 563:

had approached Bushnell about investing in their home computer system, the

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In June 1999, Bushnell joined the board of directors of Wave Systems Corp.

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In 1984, Bushnell purchased the arcade game company Videa and renamed it

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https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/782145/0000910680-96-000010.txt

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Book "Steve Jobs" by Walter Isaacson, Simon & Schuster, 2011, Pg.75

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Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012). "Intermission: Growing Pains".

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in San Jose in 1977 as a means for Atari to stock its arcade games.

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in June 2008 with a script by Craig Sherman and Brian Hecker, with

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Through 1981 and 1982, Bushnell concentrated on PTT subsidiaries

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Svensson, Christian (November 1996). "Nolan Bushnell is Back!".

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for the film, which was set to be produced by DiCaprio's studio

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burst with its prototype machines still in development in 1997.

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Classic Home Video Games, 1972–1984 A Complete Reference Guide

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Nolan Bushnell with Leo Laporte on TWiT -Triangulation No.60

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While in college, he worked for several employers, including

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500 computer repackaged for the consumer electronics market.

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proved to be very popular; Atari released a large number of

3635:(video and audio – Wed July 11, 2012 – duration 87 minutes) 3371: 2911:"The History Of Pong: Avoid Missing Game to Start Industry" 2078:"The History Of Pong: Avoid Missing Game to Start Industry" 1044:

In January 2017, Bushnell joined the board of directors of

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In 1981, Bushnell created the TimberTech Computer Camp in

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BrainRush is a company that uses video game technology in

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Nolan Bushnell, Tom Virden, Join Atari Board of Directors

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Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation

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In 2007, Bushnell joined the advisory board of GAMEWAGER.

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High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games

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Gaming 101: A Contemporary History of PC and Video Games

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Herman, Leonard (April 2009). "The Untold Atari Story".

757:

in the 1980s. In May 2000 the company, headquartered in

2722:"MGT Appoints Nolan Bushnell to its Board of Directors" 2136: 645: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 2450:

Webb, Marcus (December 1997). "PlayNet Restructures".

1804:"Computer Space and the Dawn of the Arcade Video Game" 1052: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 817:

Before BrainRush, Bushnell's most recent company was

446:

They rented their first office on Scott Boulevard in

5012:

American chief executives of food industry companies

3528:, by Steven L. Kent (2000). Bothell, WA: BWD Press. 3413:

The Wiley handbook of human computer interaction set

2835:

Atari 50th Anniversary Interview with Nolan Bushnell

2543:"Nolan Bushnell rejoins Atari, Phil Harrison leaves" 2415:"Review of companies associated with Nolan Bushnell" 2075: 1440:"4 famous Davis High alumni from the last 100 years" 3526:

The First Quarter: A 25-year History of Video Games

3125: 2286:. McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers. p. 83. 2257:"The Games Examiner – "Sente Technologies" Feature" 2231:Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012). "Chapter 7". 1581:Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012). "Chapter 5". 1375: 1373: 1371: 439:, a reference to a check-like position in the game 423:provided the inspiration for Bushnell's successful 3300:"Proposed Bushnell Award Creates #MeToo Firestorm" 2938: 1633: 1545: 1509: 3415:. Norman, Kent L. (First ed.). Hoboken, NJ. 3094: 3092: 1983: 1981: 4998: 3410: 2909:Barton, Mat; Loguidice, Bill (January 9, 2009). 2205:"Atari: The Golden Years – A History, 1978–1981" 1368: 1228:He certainly didn't hold his power over people." 1152: 745:; the maps ultimately provided the backbone for 3610:at Game Based Learning 2009, London, March 2009 3144: 2908: 2076:Loguidice, Bill; Matt Barton (9 January 2009). 1957: 1157:In January 2018, the Advisory Committee of the 753:, and other navigation systems; it was sold to 228:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 226:, in a middle-class family who were members of 3089: 2936: 2230: 2224: 2069: 2050: 1987: 1978: 1924: 1580: 1574: 1327:"Brainrush, Inc.: Private Company Information" 1070:about venture capital development, as well as 1064:Bushnell was featured in the documentary film 900:Global Gaming Technologies Corp (CSE – GGAM.U) 268:students of the 1960s who played the historic 4060: 3726: 3515:, by Rusel DeMaria, Johnny L. Wilson (2003), 3274: 2752:"Nolan Bushnell joins Perrone Robotics Board" 2179:"What the Hell has Nolan Bushnell Started?". 1775: 1725: 16:American businessman and engineer (born 1943) 1911:Video interview with Go as his favorite game 1893: 1116: 473:, which at the time was the biggest-selling 3411:Norman, Kent L.; Kirakowski, Jurek (2018). 3237: 3235: 2776: 2692: 1928:; Weaver, Christopher (November 17, 2017). 1839: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1111:British Academy of Film and Television Arts 1080:. He was also featured in animated TV show 703:Catalyst Technologies Venture Capital Group 685:which became the beginnings of what became 371:Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 4074: 4067: 4053: 3733: 3719: 3443:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3145:D'Anastasio, Cecilia (February 12, 2018). 2986:"DiCaprio to Play Nolan Bushnell in Atari" 1343: 863:return to Atari after more than 30 years. 532:, a wholly original arcade game from Kee. 310: 3463:, by Curt Vendel, Marty Goldberg (2012), 3177: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3039: 1865: 1818: 1609:(2001). "Chapter 8: Strange Bedfellows". 1505:. November 1996. pp. 64–68, 211–229. 1490: 1488: 1486: 1484: 1482: 1480: 1413:Learmouth, Michael (September 16, 1999). 1412: 1196:@NolanBushnell, Twitter, January 31, 2018 1121:Since 2008, there has been interest to a 1076:, which documented the unearthing of the 841:. All the restaurants have since closed. 3623:with Bushnell on The BusinessMakers Show 3382: 3323: 3241: 3232: 3014:"Leonardo DiCaprio to play with 'Atari'" 2490: 2464: 2392: 2174: 2172: 1965:"Oral History of Samuel F. (Ted) Dabney" 1446: 1401: 1337: 920: 874: 538: 414: 3565:San Jose Mercury News Podcast Interview 3061: 2540: 2313: 1756: 1754: 4999: 3351: 3324:Audureau, William (February 1, 2018). 3297: 3166: 3011: 2937:Vendel, Curt; Goldberg, Marty (2012). 2202: 2147: 1988:Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012). 1714: 1477: 1281: 1279: 1149:, Vision Tree, and Avery Productions. 1017:In 2007, Bushnell joined the board of 761:, became a wholly owned subsidiary of 4048: 3714: 3641:(video and audio duration 12 minutes) 3555:Nolan Bushnell: A Life in Video Games 3098: 2880: 2590: 2498:"Stett Holbrook, "The Poet of Play," 2279: 2273: 2169: 2111:Steve Jobs: The Journey Is The Reward 2108: 1639: 1551: 1522: 1457: 1004:In 2005, he served as a judge on the 940:, a 67-foot racing yacht designed by 611:, with Bushnell personally receiving 178:chain. He has been inducted into the 5037:American technology company founders 5032:American technology chief executives 3573:Nolan Bushnell on "We Talk Games." . 3242:Crecente, Brian (January 31, 2018). 3178:Takahashi, Dean (February 2, 2018). 3099:Fogel, Stefanie (January 30, 2018). 2983: 2449: 2090:from the original on 12 January 2009 1871: 1751: 1708: 1605: 1379: 1059: 646:Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre 207:technology in educational software. 176:Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre 3275:@NolanBushnell (January 31, 2018). 3205: 3040:Roettgers, Janko (March 21, 2018). 2777:O'Brien, Chris (January 17, 2013). 2314:Edwards, Benj (February 17, 2017). 2102: 2022:"Atari's Forgotten Arcade Classics" 1877:The Ultimate History Of Video Games 1612:The Ultimate History of Video Games 1276: 1051:In March 2021, Bushnell co-founded 458:, and hired their second employee, 365:. At Ampex, he met fellow employee 346:Litton Guidance and Control Systems 13: 3454: 3298:Minter, Casey (January 31, 2018). 2857:"Who Made America? Nolan Bushnell" 2700:"Nolan Bushnell bets on GameWager" 2627:Corp, Global Gaming Technologies. 2541:Webster, Andrew (April 20, 2010). 2531:, That Gaming Site, April 19, 2010 2148:Fulton, Steve (November 6, 2007). 1806:. Technologizer. December 12, 2011 1640:Cohen, Scott (1984). "Chapter 7". 1552:Cohen, Scott (1984). "Chapter 6". 1523:Cohen, Scott (1984). "Chapter 2". 1305: 1289:. Anti-Aging Games. Archived from 1262: 1107:British Academy Video Games Awards 305: 14: 5108: 3757:Cathode-ray tube amusement device 3692:(A Warner Communications Company) 3548: 3352:Reeder, Loni (January 31, 2018). 2472:"uWink website archive from 2002" 2203:Fulton, Steve (August 21, 2008). 2150:"The History of Atari: 1971–1977" 907: 833:on October 16, 2006. A second in 772: 5072:People from Woodside, California 5027:American retail chief executives 3604:on Bushnell and NeoEdge Networks 3383:Takahasi, Dean (March 9, 2018). 3354:"Loni Reeder – "I worked there"" 3012:Siegel, Tatiana (June 8, 2008). 2626: 1879:. Prima Publishing. p. 35. 1721:. Vol. 200. pp. 94–99. 1495:"The Great Videogame Swindle?". 1458:Smith, Keith (January 1, 2015). 595:, the first home console to use 217: 184:Consumer Electronics Association 122:Consumer Electronics Association 31: 3474:Zap: The Rise and Fall of Atari 3404: 3345: 3317: 3291: 3268: 3199: 3033: 3005: 2977: 2963: 2930: 2902: 2881:Boxer, Steve (March 18, 2009). 2874: 2849: 2826: 2804: 2770: 2744: 2714: 2671: 2646: 2620: 2560: 2534: 2515: 2443: 2421: 2407: 2386: 2375: 2354: 2333: 2307: 2249: 2127: 2014: 1918: 1796: 1680: 1662: 1642:Zap! The Rise and Fall of Atari 1599: 1554:Zap! The Rise and Fall of Atari 1525:Zap! The Rise and Fall of Atari 1464:The Golden Age Arcade Historian 1380:Goll, Steve (October 1, 1984). 975:In 1991, Bushnell endorsed the 936:In 1982, Bushnell commissioned 777:After a failed bid to purchase 5022:American food company founders 3608:Nolan Bushnell Keynote Address 3206:Kim, Matt (January 31, 2018). 1432: 1319: 404: 1: 5017:American electrical engineers 2371:. September 1996. p. 21. 1256: 1159:Game Developers Choice Awards 1153:GDC Pioneer Award controversy 623:, a former vice president of 603:, he instead sought a buyer. 222:Bushnell was born in 1943 in 5087:Utah State University alumni 5067:People from Clearfield, Utah 3742:Early history of video games 3502:, by Steven L. Kent (2001), 1693:Los Angeles Business Journal 1093: 882: 844: 743:automotive navigation system 249:, where he graduated with a 7: 3619:September 11, 2013, at the 3600:September 21, 2013, at the 3589:Discovery Channel Interview 3461:Atari Inc.: Business Is Fun 2984:Hart, Hugh (June 9, 2018). 2941:Atari Inc.: Business Is Fun 2688:. August 1995. p. 116. 2527:September 20, 2015, at the 1733:"Big History of the Arcade" 925:Nolan Bushnell's 67ft boat 866: 589:Atari Video Computer System 186:Hall of Fame, received the 10: 5113: 5057:Businesspeople in software 4534:Merchant Ivory Productions 3750:Analog and lightbulb games 3489:, by George Jones (2005). 2233:Atari Inc: Business is Fun 2109:Young, Jeffrey S. (1988). 2053:Atari Inc: Business is Fun 1994:Atari Inc: Business is Fun 1583:Atari Inc: Business is Fun 1163:Game Developers Conference 848: 831:Woodland Hills, California 810: 649: 480:After Bushnell attended a 408: 5097:Engineers from California 5082:University of Utah alumni 4493: 4082: 3961: 3934: 3857: 3804: 3749: 3699: 3684: 3678: 3673: 3476:, by Scott Cohen (1984), 2945:. Syzygy Press. pp. 2343:Electronic Gaming Monthly 1996:. Sygyzy Press. pp. 1674:November 6, 2015, at the 1232:The women interviewed by 1117:Planned biographical film 915:Scotts Valley, California 839:Mountain View, California 257:. He was a member of the 161: 149: 135: 128: 115: 108:Creator & founder of 93: 79: 71: 42: 30: 23: 5092:Former Latter Day Saints 5052:Businesspeople from Utah 1783:"Computer Space History" 1762:"Nolan Bushnell profile" 1201:In a later statement to 806: 321:electro-mechanical games 119:Video Game Hall of Fame 88:Stanford Business School 4009:Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. 2813:Atari: Game Over (2014) 2602:www.anti-aginggames.com 2429:"PlayNet Music Station" 2350:. May 1996. p. 17. 1972:Computer History Museum 1943:Smithsonian Institution 1109:on March 10, 2009, the 1078:Atari video game burial 977:Commodore International 954:TransPacific Yacht Race 521:in 1973 to manufacture 475:electro-mechanical game 311:Early career and Syzygy 238:. Bushnell enrolled at 180:Video Game Hall of Fame 4076:BAFTA Fellowship Award 3984:John Makepeace Bennett 2658:History of Information 1199: 1147:Appian Way Productions 986:-based version of the 934: 759:Menlo Park, California 711:, one of the earliest 548: 482:Burlingame, California 428: 351:Encyclopedia Americana 255:electrical engineering 247:College of Engineering 234:in the nearby town of 140:Electrical engineering 3859:Early mainframe games 3629:Nolan Bushnell Quotes 3579:on Bushnell and Atari 3277:"A statement from me" 2433:ryanwolfe.prosite.com 2280:Weiss, Brett (2011). 1382:"When The Magic Goes" 1293:on September 11, 2018 1188: 1135:initial coin offering 924: 875:Anti-Aging Games, LLC 709:Catalyst Technologies 671:Catalyst Technologies 625:Burlington Industries 605:Warner Communications 542: 484:demonstration of the 448:Sunnyvale, California 418: 317:Lagoon Amusement Park 300:Institute of Religion 278:mainframe computers. 264:. He was one of many 240:Utah State University 5077:Pizza chain founders 4223:Richard Attenborough 4107:Grace Wyndham Goldie 3806:Early Chess programs 3577:The Dot Eaters entry 2608:on November 26, 2020 2500:Metro Silicon Valley 1313:"CMU Silicon Valley" 889:educational software 827:Little Caesars Pizza 723:, Cumma, and Axlon. 288:Woodside, California 210:He is credited with 4014:William Higinbotham 3674:Business positions 3256:on January 31, 2018 2973:. January 29, 2009. 2578:on October 15, 2016 2478:on October 24, 2001 2189:: 6–11. April 1995. 2032:on December 8, 2017 1688:"Games People Play" 855:On April 19, 2010, 713:business incubators 697:ShowBiz Pizza Place 593:Fairchild Channel F 452:Bally Manufacturing 315:Bushnell worked at 201:video game industry 4896:Thelma Schoonmaker 4207:Emeric Pressburger 4179:David Attenborough 3994:David Champernowne 3935:First arcade games 3687:CEO of Atari, Inc. 3077:. January 30, 2018 2756:www.prnewswire.com 2702:. January 26, 2009 2598:"Anti-Aging Games" 1696:. January 29, 2007 1648:. pp. 62–70. 1617:Three Rivers Press 1560:. pp. 51–61. 1531:. pp. 15–24. 1415:"No Pain, No Game" 1333:. August 24, 2018. 1127:Paramount Pictures 1067:Something Ventured 935: 678:Sente Technologies 577:Pizza Time Theatre 549: 504:arcade video games 450:, contracted with 429: 392:Nutting Associates 302:while in college. 293:Although he was a 244:University of Utah 168:Nolan Kay Bushnell 84:University of Utah 47:Nolan Kay Bushnell 4994: 4993: 4666:Jennifer Saunders 4042: 4041: 3892:The Sumerian Game 3709: 3708: 3700:Succeeded by 3694: 3662:(audio interview) 3652:on March 13, 2017 3627:quotes.nobosh.com 3571:Podcast Interview 3220:on March 28, 2019 2783:Los Angeles Times 2678:"E2000 in 1995". 2439:on March 4, 2016. 1669:Games people play 1347:(April 2, 2009). 1213:Sexual Revolution 1131:Leonardo DiCaprio 1123:biographical film 1060:Media appearances 707:Bushnell founded 251:bachelor's degree 232:Davis High School 165: 164: 144:Computer software 130:Scientific career 5104: 4987: 4984:Floella Benjamin 4979: 4971: 4963: 4955: 4947: 4939: 4931: 4923: 4915: 4912:Kathleen Kennedy 4907: 4899: 4891: 4883: 4875: 4867: 4859: 4851: 4839: 4831: 4823: 4815: 4807: 4799: 4791: 4783: 4775: 4767: 4759: 4751: 4741: 4733: 4725: 4717: 4709: 4701: 4698:Shigeru Miyamoto 4693: 4690:Vanessa Redgrave 4685: 4677: 4669: 4657: 4649: 4641: 4633: 4625: 4617: 4609: 4601: 4593: 4585: 4577: 4569: 4561: 4553: 4545: 4537: 4529: 4521: 4513: 4505: 4486: 4483:Peter Bazalgette 4478: 4470: 4462: 4459:Elizabeth Taylor 4454: 4442: 4434: 4426: 4418: 4410: 4402: 4394: 4386: 4378: 4370: 4367:John Schlesinger 4362: 4354: 4346: 4338: 4330: 4322: 4319:Sydney Samuelson 4314: 4306: 4298: 4290: 4282: 4274: 4266: 4263:Federico Fellini 4258: 4255:Steven Spielberg 4250: 4242: 4234: 4226: 4218: 4210: 4198: 4190: 4182: 4174: 4166: 4158: 4150: 4142: 4139:Laurence Olivier 4134: 4126: 4123:Jacques Cousteau 4118: 4110: 4102: 4094: 4091:Alfred Hitchcock 4069: 4062: 4055: 4046: 4045: 3823:Los Alamos Chess 3764:Bertie the Brain 3735: 3728: 3721: 3712: 3711: 3690: 3679:Preceded by 3671: 3670: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3648:. 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No. 23. 1498:Next Generation 1494: 1493: 1478: 1468: 1466: 1456: 1447: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1423: 1421: 1411: 1402: 1392: 1390: 1378: 1369: 1359: 1357: 1342: 1338: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1296: 1294: 1285: 1284: 1277: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1198: 1195: 1175:#MeToo movement 1155: 1142: 1141:to raise up to 1119: 1096: 1062: 1012:Made in the USA 948:went on to win 910: 902: 885: 877: 869: 853: 847: 815: 809: 775: 705: 654: 652:Chuck E. Cheese 648: 639: 612: 608: 597:game cartridges 572: 511: 477:at his arcade. 413: 407: 384:clone known as 313: 308: 306:Business career 236:Kaysville, Utah 220: 196: 157:Chuck E. Cheese 156: 142: 120: 110:Chuck E. Cheese 107: 101: 86: 80:Alma mater 67: 61: 58: 52: 50: 49: 48: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5110: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4980: 4972: 4964: 4960:Shuhei Yoshida 4956: 4948: 4944:Billy Connolly 4940: 4932: 4924: 4916: 4908: 4900: 4892: 4884: 4876: 4868: 4860: 4852: 4840: 4832: 4828:Sidney Poitier 4824: 4816: 4808: 4800: 4792: 4788:Rockstar Games 4784: 4776: 4768: 4760: 4752: 4742: 4734: 4726: 4722:Peter Molyneux 4718: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4686: 4682:Nolan Bushnell 4678: 4670: 4658: 4650: 4642: 4634: 4630:Richard Curtis 4626: 4622:Anne V. Coates 4618: 4610: 4602: 4594: 4586: 4578: 4570: 4562: 4554: 4546: 4538: 4530: 4522: 4514: 4506: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4479: 4471: 4463: 4455: 4447:Eric Morecambe 4443: 4435: 4427: 4419: 4411: 4403: 4399:Julie Christie 4395: 4387: 4379: 4371: 4363: 4355: 4347: 4339: 4331: 4323: 4315: 4307: 4299: 4291: 4283: 4275: 4271:Ingmar Bergman 4267: 4259: 4251: 4243: 4235: 4227: 4219: 4211: 4203:Michael Powell 4199: 4191: 4183: 4175: 4167: 4159: 4155:Fred Zinnemann 4151: 4143: 4135: 4127: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4095: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4072: 4071: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3989:Nolan Bushnell 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3947: 3943:Computer Space 3938: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3928: 3920: 3912: 3904: 3896: 3888: 3880: 3872: 3863: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3851: 3843: 3835: 3827: 3819: 3810: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3798: 3794:Tennis for Two 3790: 3782: 3774: 3768: 3760: 3753: 3751: 3747: 3746: 3738: 3737: 3730: 3723: 3715: 3707: 3706: 3701: 3698: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3611: 3605: 3592: 3586: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3550: 3549:External links 3547: 3546: 3545: 3523: 3510: 3497: 3484: 3471: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3450: 3421: 3403: 3370: 3344: 3316: 3290: 3283:) – via 3267: 3231: 3198: 3165: 3124: 3088: 3060: 3032: 3004: 2976: 2962: 2956:978-0985597405 2955: 2929: 2901: 2873: 2848: 2825: 2803: 2769: 2743: 2713: 2691: 2670: 2645: 2619: 2589: 2559: 2533: 2514: 2502:Nov. 26, 2008" 2489: 2463: 2442: 2420: 2406: 2385: 2374: 2353: 2340:"Tidbits...". 2332: 2306: 2292: 2272: 2248: 2242:978-0985597405 2241: 2223: 2192: 2168: 2135: 2126: 2119: 2101: 2068: 2062:978-0985597405 2061: 2043: 2013: 2007:978-0985597405 2006: 1977: 1956: 1917: 1892: 1885: 1864: 1853:on May 5, 2007 1838: 1817: 1795: 1774: 1750: 1724: 1707: 1679: 1661: 1654: 1632: 1625: 1598: 1592:978-0985597405 1591: 1573: 1566: 1544: 1537: 1508: 1476: 1445: 1431: 1400: 1367: 1336: 1318: 1315:. www.cmu.edu. 1304: 1275: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1251:Dean Takahashi 1230: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1193: 1154: 1151: 1143:US$ 40 million 1139:cryptocurrency 1118: 1115: 1095: 1092: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1049: 1042: 1035: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1015: 1009:reality series 1002: 999: 991: 973: 960: 957: 918: 909: 908:Other ventures 906: 901: 898: 884: 881: 876: 873: 868: 865: 849:Main article: 846: 843: 823:pizza delivery 811:Main article: 808: 805: 801:dot-com bubble 774: 773:PlayNet/Aristo 771: 755:Rupert Murdoch 704: 701: 650:Main article: 647: 644: 634:Space Invaders 613:US$ 15 million 601:public company 409:Main article: 406: 403: 398:Computer Space 387:Computer Space 312: 309: 307: 304: 259:Pi Kappa Alpha 230:. He attended 219: 216: 212:Bushnell's Law 163: 162: 159: 158: 151: 147: 146: 137: 133: 132: 126: 125: 117: 113: 112: 95: 94:Known for 91: 90: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 62: 46: 44: 40: 39: 36: 28: 27: 25:Nolan Bushnell 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5109: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5062:Living people 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5047:BAFTA fellows 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4936:Siobhan Reddy 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4904:Joan Bakewell 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4864:Joanna Lumley 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4796:Julie Walters 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4772:Michael Palin 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4739: 4735: 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4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4215:Andrzej Wajda 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4099:Freddie Young 4096: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4024:Steve Russell 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4004:Sandy Douglas 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3856: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3724: 3722: 3717: 3716: 3713: 3704: 3695: 3693: 3688: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3664: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3591:with Bushnell 3590: 3587: 3585:with Bushnell 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3567:with Bushnell 3566: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3534:9780970475503 3531: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3521:0-07-223172-6 3518: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3508:0-7615-3643-4 3505: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3495:1-55622-080-4 3492: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3482:0-7388-6883-3 3479: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3446: 3440: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3422:9781118976005 3418: 3414: 3407: 3396:September 25, 3392: 3391: 3386: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3359: 3355: 3348: 3333: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3271: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3245: 3238: 3236: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3202: 3187: 3186: 3181: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3154: 3153: 3148: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3112: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3095: 3093: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3064: 3049: 3048: 3043: 3036: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3008: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2980: 2972: 2966: 2958: 2952: 2948: 2943: 2942: 2933: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2905: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2877: 2862: 2858: 2852: 2837: 2836: 2829: 2815: 2814: 2807: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2731: 2727: 2726:Yahoo Finance 2723: 2717: 2701: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2682: 2674: 2659: 2655: 2649: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2593: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2563: 2552:September 11, 2548: 2544: 2537: 2530: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2503: 2501: 2493: 2477: 2473: 2467: 2460:. p. 33. 2459: 2458:Imagine Media 2455: 2454: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2424: 2416: 2410: 2403:. p. 26. 2402: 2401:Imagine Media 2398: 2397: 2389: 2383: 2378: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2361:"News Bits". 2357: 2349: 2345: 2344: 2336: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2295: 2293:9780786487554 2289: 2285: 2284: 2276: 2258: 2252: 2244: 2238: 2234: 2227: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2199: 2197: 2188: 2187:Imagine Media 2184: 2183: 2175: 2173: 2161:September 11, 2157: 2156: 2151: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2130: 2122: 2120:0-673-18864-7 2116: 2112: 2105: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2079: 2072: 2064: 2058: 2054: 2047: 2031: 2027: 2026:Rolling Stone 2023: 2017: 2009: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1984: 1982: 1973: 1966: 1960: 1944: 1940: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1921: 1913: 1912: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1888: 1886:0-7615-3643-4 1882: 1878: 1874: 1868: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1827: 1821: 1805: 1799: 1784: 1778: 1763: 1757: 1755: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1720: 1719: 1711: 1695: 1694: 1689: 1683: 1677: 1673: 1670: 1665: 1657: 1655:9780070115439 1651: 1647: 1643: 1636: 1628: 1626:0-7615-3643-4 1622: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1608: 1602: 1594: 1588: 1584: 1577: 1569: 1567:9780070115439 1563: 1559: 1555: 1548: 1540: 1538:9780070115439 1534: 1530: 1526: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1504: 1503:Imagine Media 1500: 1499: 1491: 1489: 1487: 1485: 1483: 1481: 1465: 1461: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1441: 1435: 1420: 1416: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1356: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1340: 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Baer 1091: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1068: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1043: 1040: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1000: 997: 996:Merrill Lynch 992: 989: 985: 981: 978: 974: 971: 970: 965: 961: 958: 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 933:design, 1983) 932: 928: 923: 919: 916: 912: 911: 905: 897: 893: 890: 880: 872: 864: 862: 858: 852: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 814: 804: 802: 797: 796: 795:Jungle Strike 791: 790: 785: 780: 770: 766: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 739: 737: 733: 732:monster truck 729: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 700: 698: 694: 690: 688: 684: 679: 674: 672: 667: 663: 659: 653: 643: 636: 635: 630: 626: 622: 616: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 580: 578: 570: 566: 562: 561:Steve Wozniak 558: 554: 546: 541: 537: 535: 531: 530: 524: 520: 515: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 492: 487: 483: 478: 476: 472: 468: 464: 461: 457: 453: 449: 444: 442: 438: 434: 426: 422: 417: 412: 402: 399: 395: 393: 389: 388: 383: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 355: 353: 352: 347: 342: 340: 337: 333: 330: 326: 322: 318: 303: 301: 296: 291: 289: 285: 279: 277: 273: 272: 267: 263: 260: 256: 252: 248: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 218:Personal life 215: 213: 208: 206: 202: 195: 194: 189: 185: 181: 177: 173: 169: 160: 155: 152: 148: 145: 141: 138: 134: 131: 127: 123: 118: 114: 111: 106: 105: 100: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75:United States 74: 70: 65: 59:(age 81) 45: 41: 34: 29: 22: 19: 5042:Atari people 4952:Sandy Powell 4920:Hideo Kojima 4872:Ridley Scott 4848:Alan Simpson 4836:John Carmack 4812:David Braben 4780:Helen Mirren 4745: 4706:Melvyn Bragg 4681: 4574:John Boorman 4494:2001–present 4431:Sean Connery 4375:Maggie Smith 4359:Ronald Neame 4343:Billy Wilder 4303:John Gielgud 4147:Denis Forman 4029:Ken Thompson 3988: 3949: 3941: 3922: 3916:Lunar Lander 3914: 3908:Space Travel 3906: 3898: 3890: 3882: 3874: 3866: 3845: 3837: 3829: 3821: 3813: 3792: 3784: 3776: 3762: 3685: 3654:. Retrieved 3650:the original 3614:An interview 3583:An interview 3525: 3512: 3499: 3486: 3473: 3460: 3412: 3406: 3394:. Retrieved 3390:Venture Beat 3388: 3361:. Retrieved 3347: 3335:. Retrieved 3329: 3319: 3307:. Retrieved 3303: 3293: 3270: 3258:. Retrieved 3254:the original 3247: 3222:. Retrieved 3218:the original 3211: 3201: 3189:. Retrieved 3185:Venture Beat 3183: 3158:February 12, 3156:. Retrieved 3150: 3115:. Retrieved 3111:the original 3104: 3079:. Retrieved 3072: 3063: 3051:. Retrieved 3045: 3035: 3023:. Retrieved 3017: 3007: 2995:. Retrieved 2989: 2979: 2965: 2940: 2932: 2920:. Retrieved 2914: 2904: 2892:. Retrieved 2888:The Guardian 2886: 2876: 2864:. Retrieved 2851: 2840:, retrieved 2834: 2828: 2817:, retrieved 2812: 2806: 2794:. Retrieved 2782: 2772: 2762:February 16, 2760:. Retrieved 2755: 2746: 2734:. Retrieved 2730:the original 2725: 2716: 2704:. Retrieved 2694: 2679: 2673: 2661:. Retrieved 2657: 2648: 2636:. Retrieved 2632: 2622: 2612:February 21, 2610:. 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Retrieved 1291:the original 1264: 1241: 1239: 1233: 1231: 1208: 1202: 1200: 1189: 1184: 1156: 1120: 1104: 1097: 1085: 1082:Code Monkeys 1081: 1071: 1065: 1063: 1021:as chairman. 1011: 967: 952:in the 1983 950:Line honours 945: 937: 926: 903: 894: 886: 878: 870: 860: 854: 816: 793: 789:Urban Strike 787: 776: 767: 751:mapquest.com 740: 725: 706: 695: 691: 675: 655: 632: 617: 609:$ 28 million 581: 552: 550: 533: 527: 516: 507: 499: 495: 489: 479: 470: 467:Chicago Coin 463:Allan Alcorn 456:driving game 454:to create a 445: 436: 430: 397: 396: 385: 381: 379: 374: 373:to show him 356: 349: 343: 339:arcade games 331: 325:Chicago Coin 314: 292: 284:James Folger 280: 269: 221: 209: 191: 167: 166: 150:Institutions 129: 124:Hall of Fame 102: 97:Co-founding 18: 5007:1943 births 4880:Tim Schafer 4764:Gabe Newell 4756:Alan Parker 4747:Rolf Harris 4662:Dawn French 4638:Will Wright 4598:David Frost 4582:Roger Graef 4566:David Jason 4558:Saul Zaentz 4439:Bill Cotton 4383:Woody Allen 4327:Colin Young 4295:Louis Malle 4239:Sam Spiegel 4231:Hugh Greene 4187:John Huston 4171:Huw Wheldon 4034:Alan Turing 4019:Josef Kates 3969:Mabel Addis 3951:Galaxy Game 3744:(1947-1971) 3363:February 2, 3337:February 2, 3309:February 1, 3260:January 31, 3224:January 31, 3191:February 2, 3117:January 31, 3081:January 30, 2922:December 8, 2894:January 31, 2866:January 31, 2842:January 29, 2819:December 8, 2796:December 8, 2706:January 26, 2036:December 8, 1990:"Chapter 3" 1810:February 3, 1646:McGraw-Hill 1558:McGraw-Hill 1529:McGraw-Hill 1469:February 8, 1039:John McAfee 1032:ScrewAttack 1006:USA Network 964:Sente Games 942:Ron Holland 931:Ron Holland 825:robots for 784:Mouli Cohen 779:Atari Games 747:Google Maps 666:animatronic 662:video games 523:near-copies 411:Atari, Inc. 405:Atari, Inc. 329:racing game 172:Atari, Inc. 99:Atari, Inc. 72:Citizenship 5001:Categories 4968:Meera Syal 4856:Mel Brooks 4844:Ray Galton 4804:Mike Leigh 4590:John Barry 4550:John Mills 4518:Judi Dench 4451:Ernie Wise 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