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144:. Each time that King Tut stepped on the footstool, he would symbolically be trampling his enemies. Another example, can be seen on the insoles of Pharaoh's sandals. On the sandals, each shoe has eight bows laying horizontally in a vertical line with one another. Four of the bows are at the top of the sandal near the toe, while four are at the heel. Where the arch of the foot would be, there are two foreigners of Ancient Egypt depicted facing outward on each shoe. As with the footstool, whenever the sandals were worn, it would have been as if the enemies of Ancient Egypt were trampled.
20:
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107:, the word 'Nine Bows' is spelled out as a bow and three sets of three vertical lines. The bow, holding the phonic value "pḏ," means "stretch, (be) wide," and the three sets of lines makes the word plural. The number nine was used metaphorically to express totality. Using this more literal translation of the hieroglyphs, the nine bows could also refer to endless, innumerable foreign lands or the totality of foreign lands.
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of foreigners or others. Besides the nine bows, there were no other generic representations of foreigners. Due to its ability to stand in for any nine enemies to
Ancient Egypt, the peoples covered by this term changed over time as enemies changed, and there is no true list of the nine bows.
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When in statuette and statue form, it is typical for the nine bows to be displayed underneath feet. The iconography is similar to a biblical text such as Psalm 110:1 “… until I make your enemies your footstool,” meaning the nine bows placement underneath the feet of
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Ancient
Egyptians believed in dualism or that two cosmic forces, order and chaos, governed the universe. While the nine bows stood in for Ancient Egypt's enemies, it is also possible that they stood in for disorder as well.
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and other powerful figures, such as a sphinx, were meant to symbolize the enemy being trampled or entirely under control. One such example of the footstool comes from the tomb of
Pharaoh-King
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and Ramses II's reign. Along with the nine bows depicted on top of the pedestal underneath Ramses II's feet, the pedestal also includes engravings of Ramses II's
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One of the oldest representations of the nine bows, and the first representation of the nine bows fully developed, is on the seated statue of
Pharaoh
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184:, El-Minya, Egypt. It is rectangular in shape and made of Egyptian alabaster. The engravings found on three sides are carved using
132:, here the nine bows were carved on the head of a scepter. As time progressed, the use of the nine bows expanded to other mediums of art.
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Fragment of the base of a basalt statue dated to the Late Period, the Nine Bows being beneath the feet of the subject of the statue
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Alabaster pedestal of Ramses II found in
Antinoopolis. Ramses II's feet can be seen on top on the nine bows.
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31:, using the hieroglyphs, nb, for all, the lapwing, for the people, and the star, for praising; (this is a
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Sandals of
Tutankhamun, showing foreigners alongside eighth bows and the ninth being the sandal strap
338:"Enemies of Civilization: Attitudes toward Foreigners in Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China"
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Wall relief of Mut, mortuary temple of Ramses III, Medinet Habu, Theban
Necropolis, Egypt
444:"An Unpublished Pedestal of Ramses II from Antinoopolis with Reference to the Nine Bows"
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Violence and power in ancient Egypt : Image and
Ideology Before the New Kingdom
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Alternatively, the nine bows may have had a separate or complementary meaning. In
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388:"Egyptian Grammar, Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs"
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Middle
Egyptian Grammar: The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I
340:, Mu-chou Poo. SUNY Press, Feb 1, 2012. p. 43. Retrieved 7 jan 2017
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during his reign because of their use of bows and arrows.
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Instances of the nine bows appeared as early as the late
363:'Never Had the Like Occurred': Egypt's view of its past
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Griffith, F. Ll.; Gardiner, Alan H. (November 1927).
503:. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge. p. 149.
484:Cornelius, Sakkie. "Ancient Egypt and the Other".
244:, depicting a sphinx reclining over the Nine Bows
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561:Egyptian hieroglyphs: warfare-hunting-butchery
365:. Great Britain: UCL Press. pp. 155–185.
448:Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology
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16:Reference to the enemies of Ancient Egypt
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39:pillars of "Dominion" are on the side.
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128:(3200-3000 BCE). Discovered in
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29:"all the people give praise"
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217:A depiction of a tied up
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530:The Campaign of Pharaoh
528:Kevin A. Wilson (2005).
499:Bestock, Laurel (2017).
130:Hierakonpolis or Nekhen
442:Waziry, Ayman (2019).
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164:Pedestal of Ramses II
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361:Tait, John (2003).
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190:New Kingdom
142:Tutankhamun
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532:Shoshenq I
488:: 322–340.
302:References
225:temple at
198:Horus name
186:Bas-relief
486:Scriptura
454:: 14–29.
412:0307-5133
194:cartouche
178:Ramses II
93:Nine Bows
78:psḏt pḏt
138:Pharaohs
522:Sources
420:3853984
158:Nubians
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227:Abydos
219:Keftiu
154:Djoser
416:JSTOR
221:from
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367:ISBN
240:The
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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