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Editor and co-writer of How
Integrated is Latvian Society? An Audit of Achievements, Failures and Challenges (University of Latvia Press, 2010), he wrote the book's introduction and conclusion about the situation in Latvia, and contributed a chapter entitled "Social Integration: A Brief History of an
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obtaining 120 of the votes cast in the first round, an absolute majority. He took office on 1 April 2012 and stated that he intends to develop the contribution of the
Commissioner's Office to the effective observance and full enjoyment of human rights in the 47 member states of the Council of Europe.
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During his governmental appointment (2002–2004), he was responsible for social integration policy; the rights of persons belonging to national minorities; combating racial and ethnic discrimination; and civil society development. He was also responsible for legislation in anti-discrimination, social
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Muižnieks was also engaged in evaluation and training activities in the field of human rights. Among his main activities, he was the evaluator of a project on democracy building in
Belarus; evaluator for the European Commission for the 7th Framework Research Programme on Citizenship and Democratic
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2000 "The
Struggle Against Racism and Xenophobia in Central and Eastern Europe: Trends, Obstacles and Prospects. Background paper for the Regional Seminar of Experts 'The Protection of Minorities and Other Vulnerable Groups and Strengthening Human Rights Capacity at National Level'," UN document
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Born and educated in the United States of
America, Nils Muižnieks obtained a PhD in political science at the University of California at Berkeley (1993). Prior to that, he graduated as a Bachelor of Arts in politics at Princeton University summa cum laude and obtained a Master of Arts degree in
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With Ilze Brands Kehris (former chair of the management board of the EU's
Fundamental Rights Agency and head of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities office in the Hague) he wrote "The European Union, democratization, and minorities in Latvia", a detailed analysis of the role of EU
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He also edited and co-wrote The
Geopolitics of History in Latvian-Russian Relations (2011 at the University of Latvia Press), in which he wrote a conceptual introductory chapter and contributed a chapter entitled "Latvian-Russian Memory Battles in the European Court of Human Rights". In these
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As
Director of the Latvian Centre for Human Rights and Ethnic Studies (now Latvian Human Rights Centre), he strengthened the organisational focus on human rights education and promotion; monitoring of closed institutions; and the promotion of gender equality and rights of persons belonging to
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integration, the legal framework for NGOs and coordinated inter-ministerial working groups for the
Latvian National Programme on Tolerance and policy framework for strengthening civil society. He advised local governments on integration policy and represented Latvia before the EU, OSCE, UN.
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2001 "Expert Review
Mission on Latvian National Human Rights Office and Ombudsman Functions in Latvia, Final Report." With John Hucker, Jānis Mažeiks, Lauri Lahtimaja. Riga: UNDP/OSCE Mission to Latvia. Published in Latvian in Latvijas vēstnesis (Government Herald), 19 June
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2006 "Introduction"; "Government Policy Towards the Russians"; "Russia’s Policy Towards "Compatriots" in Latvia". In Latvian-Russian Relations: Domestic and International Dimensions, ed. Nils Muižnieks . Riga: University of Latvia Press, 5–8, 11–21,
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2011 "History, Memory and Latvian Foreign Policy," and "Latvian-Russian Memory Battles at the European Court of Human Rights." In The Geopolitics of History in Latvian-Russian Relations, ed. Nils Muižnieks. Riga: University of Latvia Press, 7-18,
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2008 "Introduction" (with Daunis Auers); "Anti-Americanism in Latvia: An Exploratory Essay" (with Pēteris Vinķelis). In Latvia and the USA: From Captive Nation to Strategic Partner, ed. Daunis Auers. Riga: University of Latvia Press, 5–8,
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2000 "Minority Rights", "The Historical Development of Human Rights in Latvia 1918-2000". In Cilvektiesības Latvijā un pasaulē (Human Rights in the World and in Latvia), ed. Ineta Ziemele. Riga: Izglitibas soli. (in Latvian), 114-121 and
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2010 "Introduction," "Social Integration: A Brief History of An Idea," and "Conclusion." In How Integrated is Latvian Society? An Audit of Achievements, Failures and Challenges, ed. Nils Muižnieks. Riga: University of Latvia Press, 7-32,
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Muižnieks has published extensively on human rights issues, in particular on racism, discrimination, minority rights, children's rights, and women's rights. Among his long list of publications (below) the following ones are noteworthy.
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2006 "Lettland: Russischsprachige Minderheit – Geschichte, gegenwartiger Status und Perspektiven". In Die zehn neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten – Spezifika und Profile, ed. Rudolf Hrbek. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag.23-30.
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2010 "Responsibility in Latvia’s Relations with the Diaspora." In Latvia Human Development Report 2008/2009: Accountability and Responsibility, ed. Juris Rozenvalds and Ivars Ijabs. Riga: University of Latvia Press,
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2008 "Introduction"; "Latvia’s Economy – the Offshore Next Door"; "Conclusion". In Manufacturing Enemy Images? Russian Media Portrayal of Latvia, ed. Nils Muižnieks. Riga: University of Latvia Press, 5–8, 145–160,
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2008 "Ethnic Relations in Latvia in 2020: Three Scenarios". In Latvija 2020: Nākotnes izaicinājumi sabiedrībai un valstij , ed. Žaneta Ozoliņa and Inga Ulnicane-Ozolina. Riga: University of Latvia Press,
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The most recent one is "Max van der Stoel and Latvia" which appeared in a special edition of the journal Security and Human Rights, Vol. 22, No. 3 (November 2011), and was devoted to the memory of former
503:. He also enhanced the co-operation with national human rights structures with the aim of fostering human rights oriented policies at national level and addressing systemic shortcomings in member states.
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Idea", in which he traces the intellectual history of the concept of social integration in the social science literature and in the work of international human rights bodies and the European Union.
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2001 "Extremist Threats to Democracy in Europe in 2000 and 2001". Background Paper commissioned by the Political Affairs Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, November.
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2002 "Human Development and Human Rights", "Non-Citizens". In Tautas attīstība (Human Development), ed. Evita Lune. Riga: UNDP/Soros Foundation – Latvia, Jumava. (in Latvian), 31-38 and 216–223.
53:
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2008 Review of Taming Ethnic Hatred: Ethnic Cooperation and Transnational Networks in Eastern Europe by Patrice McMahon, in Journal of Baltic Studies December 2008, Vol. 39, Issue 4, 537–544.
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To commemorate 20 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, he contributed an article entitled Creating the "Open Society Man" (and Woman!), published in Open Society News (Fall 2009 issue).
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2003 "The European Union, democratization, and minorities in Latvia" (with Ilze Brands Kehris). In The European Union and Democratization, ed. Paul J. Kubicek. London: Routledge, 30–55.
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2007 The National Minorities Convention – the Prevention of Discrimination and the Preservation of Identity in Latvia. Riga, University of Latvia Academic Publishers. (in Latvian).
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conditionality issues related to citizenship and language in Latvia, which was published in The European Union and Democratization (ed. Paul J. Kubicek. London: Routledge, 2003).
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articles he examines in depth the intertwining of human rights and history issues in the Latvian jurisprudence and the impact of these controversies on Latvian-Russian relations.
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1995 "Ethnic Stratification in Latvia: From the Soviet Era to the Present". In Nacionālā politika Baltijas valstīs (Ethnic Policy in the Baltic States), ed. Elmārs Vēbers and
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2008 "Latvia: managing post-imperial minorities" (with David J. Galbreath). In Minority Rights in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. Bernd Rechel. London: Routledge, 135–150.
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2006 The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities: Europe's Experience for Latvia. Riga: Council of Europe Information Bureau. (in Latvian).
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1996 "Topical Human Rights Issues in Latvia". In Cilvēktiesību žurnāls (Human Rights Quarterly) No. 3, 1996, Riga: LU Cilvektiesību instituts. (in Latvian)
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2005 "Response to James Hughes." In Development and Transition, UNDP and London School of Economics and Political Science, No. 2, November 2005, 26–7.
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1998 "Civic Consciousness: Criteria and Indicators." In Pilsoniskā apziņa (Civic Consciousness), ed. Elmārs Vēbers. Riga: LU FSI. (in Latvian), 36–42.
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2010 How Integrated is Latvian Society? An Audit of Achievements, Failures and Challenges. Riga: University of Latvia Press (in Latvian and English).
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2009 Nils Muižnieks, Ilona Kunda, Aija Lulle, Sigita Zankovska-Odiņa, Immigrant Integration in Latvia, ASPRI Working Paper No. 1, September 2009.
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He married Andra Fedder, a piano teacher and singer, in 1992. They have two daughters, Laila and Milena. Nils Muižnieks's mother tongues are
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before moving to the United States in 1950. His father is a retired medical doctor and his mother was trained as an architectural historian.
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2005 "The Fate of Europe’s Minorities." Review of Leo Dribins, National and Ethnic Minorities in Europe. Diena 18 March 2005 (in Latvian).
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1998 "Oil, Food, and Citizenship in Latvia’s Elections". ACE: Analysis of Current Events Vol. 10, No. 11/12, November/December 1998, 9-11.
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1995 "The Influence of the Baltic Popular Movements on the Process of Soviet Disintegration". Europe-Asia Studies 47, no. 1 (1995), 3-25.
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2001 "A Superficial Look at Integration. Review of An Institutional Analysis of Social Integration Policy." In politika.lv 22 July 2001.
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2005 "Résoudre, enfin, la question des minorités... " In Itinèraires baltes, ed. Celine Bayou. Paris: Editions Regard sur l’Est, 67–71.
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Muižnieks' parents, Ansis and Ingrid, were both refugees who left Latvia in 1944. They spent 6 years in displaced persons camps in the
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2005 "Preface", "Latvia". In Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe, ed. Cas Mudde. London: Routledge, X-XII, 101–128.
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1997 "Latvia: Rebuilding a State, Restoring a Nation". In New States, New Politics: Building the Post-Soviet Nations, ed.
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2011 Latvian-Russian Relations: Dynamics Since Latvia's Accession to the EU and NATO. University of Latvia Academic Press.
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2009 "A Political Scientist’s Experience in the Real World of Politics," European Political Science (EPS) 8, 2009, 68–78.
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2006 Latvian-Russian Relations: Domestic and International Dimensions. Riga: University of Latvia Academic Publishers.
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2002 "Latvia’s Faux Pas." (Review of Nevienam mes Latviju nedodam!) FP: Foreign Policy, (January/February 2002), 88–9.
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Prior to his appointment as Commissioner for Human Rights, he held prominent posts such as Programme Director at the
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2008 Manufacturing Enemy Images? Russian Media Portrayal of Latvia. Riga: University of Latvia Academic Publishers.
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His work as Commissioner for Human Rights pivots on country and thematic work, with a particular focus on the most
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Ownership; and expert on conflict resolution and social cohesion for the Joint EU assessment mission to Georgia.
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1990 "The Committee of Latvia: An Alternative Parliament?" Report on the USSR 2, no. 29 (20 July 1990), 28–31.
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1987 "The Daugavpils Hydro Station and Glasnost' in Latvia". Journal of Baltic Studies 18 (April 1987), 63–70.
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1989 "The Latvian Popular Front and Ethnic Relations". Report on the USSR 1, no. 42, (20 October 1989), 20–2.
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2010 "Latvian-Russian Relations – A New Thaw?," Baltic Rim Economies, Issue No. 2, 28 April 2010, p. 23.
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2011 "Latvia’s New Broom Coalition Wins Votes Despite Sweeping Cuts," Europe's World, Spring No. 17, 133–4.
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before international political bodies, human rights mechanisms and international organizations such as the
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2011 The Geopolitics of History in Latvian-Russian Relations. Riga: University of Latvia Academic Press.
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2011 "Max van der Stoel and Latvia," Security and Human Rights, Vol. 22, No. 3 (November 2011), 257–260.
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2001 "The Gloomy Backrooms of Our Political Life." Review of Latvia Human Development Report 2000/2001.
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2008 "Latvia still among the flies in the EU-Russia ointment". Europe's World Autumn, No. 10, 195–6.
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919:"Nils Muižnieks izstājas no Latvijas Pirmās partijas (Nils Muižnieks leaves the LFP; in Latvian)"
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1999 Human Rights in Latvia in 1998. Riga: Latvian Centre for Human Rights and Ethnic Studies.
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2000 Human Rights in Latvia in 1999. Riga: Latvian Centre for Human Rights and Ethnic Studies.
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2001 Human Rights in Latvia in 2000. Riga, Latvian Centre for Human Rights and Ethnic Studies.
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2002 Human Rights in Latvia in 2001. Riga: Latvian Centre for Human Rights and Ethnic Studies.
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1990 "The Evolution of Baltic Cooperation". Report on the USSR 2, no. 27 (6 July 1990), 18–20.
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2005 UNDP Latvia 1992-2005: Easing the Transition. Co-editor with Mara Simane. Riga: UNDP.
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941:"Nils Muižnieks from Latvia elected new Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights"
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1990 "The Pro-Soviet Movement in Latvia". Report on the USSR 34 (24 August 1990): 19–24.
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2002 "Private and Public Prejudice". Social Research (69, No. 1, Spring), 195–200.
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867:"Muižnieks kļūst par LPP biedru (Muižnieks becomes a member of LFP; in Latvian)"
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1995 Latvia. Human Development Report 1995. Riga: UNDP. (In Latvian and English)
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1996 Latvia. Human Development Report 1996. Riga: UNDP. (In Latvian and English)
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1997 Latvia. Human Development Report 1997. Riga: UNDP. (In Latvian and English)
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On 24 January 2012 Muižnieks was elected Commissioner for Human Rights by the
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Regular analyses of Latvian foreign and domestic policy for Oxford Analytica.
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2008 Georgian Security: A Latvian Perspective (with a contribution by
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The political proxy war driving the race for EU citizens’ champion
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289:(born 31 January 1964 in the United States) is a Latvian-American
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In 2019, Muižnieks was one of five candidates for the post of
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
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American-Latvian human rights activist and political scientist
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364:(2010–2012); Latvian minister responsible for
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407:. He was Rapporteur for country reports on
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56:about living persons that is unsourced or
544:High Commissioner on National Minorities
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
869:. Apollo. 21 August 2003. Archived from
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678:. Riga: LZA FSI. (in Latvian), 114–121.
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1026:Cristina Gonzalez (18 December 2019),
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523:In June 2020, Muižnieks began work as
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990:. New Europe. 21 February 2013
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921:. Delfi. 20 July 2005
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843:www.coe.int
662:Ian Bremmer
573:Monographs
413:Netherlands
231:Los Angeles
183:Preceded by
1097:Categories
1079:2012–2018
903:24 January
817:References
313:Early life
235:California
221:1964-01-31
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666:Ray Taras
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664:and
542:OSCE
479:and
466:Roma
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393:ECRI
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