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29:
296:) in April, Throckmorton convinced the Queen to send military aid to the Huguenots in what was later called the Newhaven expedition. English troops garrisoned Le Havre in October 1562, but soon fell afoul of the Huguenots and, after the negotiations, the Huguenots turned against the English. After an outbreak of plague, they had to surrender the next year. Catherine de' Medici was suspicious of Throckmorton's schemes, however, and when Elizabeth sent him to negotiate with her in 1563, she placed him under house arrest. Elizabeth sent
260:, he became her close friend, willing to assist her and do her personal favours. It was said that Throckmorton had worked hard to organise a meeting between the two queens, which never took place. According to rumour, he had been motivated by rewards of "great silver pots and other plate" given to him by Mary, Queen of Scots.
37:
243:
After
Elizabeth's accession in November 1558, Throckmorton rose rapidly into favour because of his personal acquaintance with her. He sent her advice on the formation of her government, some of which she followed and from May 1559 to April 1564, he was ambassador to France. He spoke with the Italian
251:
Throckmorton acknowledged that
Elizabeth had a central and active role in government, and in August 1560 he wrote to Elizabeth that peace between England and Scotland "dothe cheffely depend uppon your majesties order & conducte". During these years in France, Throckmorton became acquainted with
349:
Being in place to knowe more than you can knowe, I saye unto yowe ..., in case you doe on the Quenes majesties behalf your mestris, presse this company to enlarge the Quene my soveraigne, and to suffer you to goe unto her, or doe use any thretnynge speache in those matters, the rather to compasse
324:
on 15 May 1565 where ceremonies were being held to grant
Darnley and his followers new titles. At first, he was refused entry to the castle, then Mary agreed to speak with him. The marriage went ahead in Edinburgh on 16 July.
345:. Throckmorton recorded Lethington's personal answer, which outlined that English interference was not welcome at this time, and might even be counterproductive, and Throckmorton would not be allowed to see Mary;
471:
said he would be prepared to resign if
Throckmorton would take his place and spoke well of him after his death, in spite of their constant disagreements. Some contemporaries also suspected Throckmorton was the
381:
Throckmorton was working against his own advice and had contradictory orders from both his Queen and Sir
William Cecil. The Scottish lords knew him as a friend of Mary and as a supporter of her claim to be a
340:
came to see
Throckmorton. As instructed by Elizabeth, Throckmorton asked Lethington if the plan was to restore Mary to the throne. If so, Elizabeth promised to help prosecute Darnley's murder and preserve
386:, so he was an unwelcome guest. Some of Elizabeth's messages also offended the lords. Throckmorton was recalled in August after he offended Elizabeth by showing his instructions to the Scottish lords.
55:; c. 1515/1516 – 12 February 1571) was an English diplomat and politician, who was an ambassador to France and later Scotland, and played a key role in the relationship between
354:), I assure you, you wyll put the Quene my soveraigne in greate jeopardye of her lyffe: and therefore there is none other waye for the present to do her good but to give place and use mildness.
300:
to negotiate his release. The two men soon began to dislike each other and in one stage almost came to blows, but
Throckmorton was eventually released in 1564. Throckmorton was appointed
358:
Elizabeth repeated her instructions to
Throckmorton by letter on 27 July 1567. Elizabeth told Throckmorton he should argue that the lords had deposed Mary against scriptural law, citing
211:
and arrested. Later historians have suspected he was at least involved, either because of his
Protestantism or due to his dismay at the growing Spanish influence in the court.
397:. Throckmorton may have erroneously believed Norfolk's idea would suit the wishes of the Queen. He was not put on trial, but did not regain the Queen's confidence afterwards.
44:("in the 49th year of his age", i.e. 1564). English, 16th-century Throckmorton Collection, Coughton Court, Warwickshire, Property of the National Trust, NTPL Ref. No. 153603
230:. When he was released the next year, he fled to exile in France. Though people wanted to put him on trial again, he was pardoned in 1557, and was employed by Queen Mary.
907:
256:. He conducted the negotiations with the English court regarding her travel arrangements when she decided to return to Scotland from France. Though he supported the
332:, and Elizabeth wished the lords to restore Mary to her authority. Throckmorton himself had recommended that Elizabeth should support the lords. Mary was held at
804:
316:
After
Throckmorton's return to England, the Queen sent him as an ambassador to Scotland in May 1565. His mission was to prevent the marriage of Queen Mary and
267:, and he surreptitiously took a part in the war of religion. Throckmorton was allowed leave from his duties in October 1559 to visit his sick wife in England.
753:
485:
At the time of his death, Throckmorton held the posts of the keeper of Brigstock Park, Northamptonshire; Justice of the Peace in Northamptonshire; and
164:
in 1551, and the title included numerous benefits, including land grants, that gave him financial security. He held the post of under-treasurer at the
285:, a Huguenot plot. Throckmorton later remarked that he was afraid he would be killed, but he was released and retained his post as an ambassador.
173:
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857:
226:, who was trying to impress Queen Mary. As a result of the verdict, the court fined and imprisoned the jury and sent Throckmorton to the
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After the murder of Darnley, Elizabeth sent Throckmorton to Scotland in June 1567. The Scottish lords had rebelled and captured Mary at
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on the throne after the death of Edward VI in 1553, Throckmorton tried to keep contact with both supporters of both her and
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later in the year, Throckmorton managed to distance himself from those affairs and eventually became part of the circle of
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366:. Elizabeth noted that as she planned not to send financial aid to the rebel lords, there was a risk they might renew the
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In 1562, when religious violence began to intensify in France, Throckmorton wanted to support the mediation efforts of
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in 1564 for life. He continued to send letters and messengers with advice to the Queen and she often took his advice.
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with France. Throckmorton was not to give a signal of approval or confirmation to the rebellion by attending the
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Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, by unknown artist, c. 1562, National Portrait Gallery, London. NPG 3800
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95:. He was brought up in the households of members of the Parr family, including that of his cousin
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was left as his deputy. When Throckmorton returned to France in 1560, the Roman Catholic leader
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Selections from unpublished manuscripts illustrating the reign of Mary Queen of Scotland
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Selections from unpublished manuscripts illustrating the reign of Mary Queen of Scotland
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Contemporary political figures regarded Throckmorton with respect. One of these was Sir
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292:. Later in 1562, when the Huguenot Prince of Condé had taken over Newhaven (modern-day
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when he was serving in the household of the dowager queen and her new husband
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625:
V. Smith, 'Perspectives on Female Monarchy', in J. Daybell & S. Norrhem,
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and became a close confidant. In his youth, he also became favourable to the
36:
201:
263:
As an ambassador to France, Throckmorton encouraged Elizabeth to aid the
746:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 891.
639:
165:
118:
After the execution of Lord Thomas Seymour in 1549 and the downfall of
685:
HMC Reports on various collections: Robert Mordaunt Hay of Duns Castle
751:
Lehmberg, Stanford. "Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas (1515/1516-1571)".
293:
281:. Guise was convinced that Throckmorton had been involved with the
264:
80:
393:'s conspiracy in favour of Mary, and was imprisoned for a time at
218:
on 17 April 1554. He managed to convince the jury, which included
149:). During the reign of Edward VI, he was in high favour with the
91:, the former Lady Parr. Nicholas was an uncle of the conspirator
596:
A Full View of the Public Transactions of the Reign of Elizabeth
581:, Vol. I (Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, London 1816),
511:
Magna Carta ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families.
805:"London church to be reunited with stolen 16th-century carving"
150:
336:
and Throckmorton was not allowed to see her. On 25 July 1567,
180:(November 1553, which by then was already a rotten borough),
648:
Religion, Politics, and Society in Sixteenth-Century England
207:
However, in January 1554, he was suspected of complicity in
389:
In 1569, Throckmorton was suspected of involvement in the
71:
Nicholas Throckmorton was the fourth of eight sons of Sir
823:
Portrait of Sir Nicholas in the National Portrait Gallery
412:
Throckmorton died on 12 February 1571. He is buried in
19:
For his son, the English landowner and politician, see
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as ambassador. Throckmorton sent his junior assistant
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who had worked with Throckmorton in France. In 1560
456:, the second husband, and former Master of Horse of
627:
Gender and Political Culture in Early Modern Europe
516:
908:Members of the Parliament of England for Tavistock
168:from 1549 to 1552. In March 1553, he was elected
829:
608:Calendar State Papers Foreign Elizabeth: 1559-60
598:, vol. 1 (London, 1740), pp. 172, 255, 264, 291.
311:
793:
137:from 1545 to 1567, initially as the member for
204:. Eventually, he began to support the latter.
16:English diplomat and politician (c. 1515–1571)
687:(London, 1909), pp. 96-99, Romans, xiii. 1-7.
428:Throckmorton married Anne Carew, daughter of
757:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
650:(Cambridge: Camden Society, 2003) pp. 108–9.
378:to the coronation instead of going himself.
109:Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
726:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
509:Douglas Richardson, Kimball G. Everingham.
248:, ensuring his return to English service.
83:in Warwickshire and Katherine, daughter of
85:Nicholas Vaux, 1st Baron Vaux of Harrowden
503:
214:Throckmorton was brought to trial at the
730:
539:
399:
196:During the short-lived attempt to place
160:during the invasion of Scotland. He was
35:
27:
802:
754:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
238:
145:(a seat previously held by his brother
124:John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
830:
40:Sir Nicholas Throckmorton (1515–1571)
579:A Complete Collection of State Trials
372:coronation of the infant Prince James
750:
646:, 'A Journall of Matters of State',
444:and three daughters. Their daughter
423:
233:
191:
918:Recipients of English royal pardons
803:Alberge, Dalya (21 December 2016).
675:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 363.
21:Nicholas Throckmorton (alias Carew)
13:
858:Ambassadors of England to Scotland
794:Sebastian Walsh (September 2005).
737:"Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas"
559:. Institute of Historical Research
103:. He became acquainted with young
14:
949:
787:
440:, and they had 10 sons including
928:Members of Parliament for Maldon
913:Prisoners in the Tower of London
853:Ambassadors of England to France
723:Dictionary of National Biography
458:Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk
452:. After his death, Anne married
126:and confidant of the young king
690:
678:
666:
577:T.B. Howell (ed.), (Cobbett's)
156:In 1547, he was present at the
848:16th-century English diplomats
717:"Throckmorton, Nicholas"
700:(Glasgow, 1837), pp. 252, 257.
673:Calendar State Papers Scotland
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338:William Maitland of Lethington
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1:
938:English justices of the peace
863:Court of Mary, Queen of Scots
707:
663:(Glasgow, 1837), pp. 139-141.
312:Envoy to Mary, Queen of Scots
883:English MPs 1553 (Edward VI)
771:UK public library membership
306:Chamberlain of the Exchequer
99:, the last queen consort of
7:
404:Throckmorton's monument in
10:
954:
18:
888:English MPs 1553 (Mary I)
796:"Most Trusty and Beloved"
557:The History of Parliament
442:Sir Nicholas Throckmorton
49:Sir Nicholas Throckmorton
610:(London, 1865), p. 110:
496:
352:rather than achieve them
220:Simon Lowe alias Fyfield
743:Encyclopædia Britannica
553:"Old Sarum (1509–1558)"
487:Chief Butler of England
302:Chief Butler of England
158:Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
141:and then from 1547 for
763:10.1093/ref:odnb/27394
629:(Abingdon, 2017), 145.
615:(London, 1876), p. 309
409:
384:successor to Elizabeth
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273:Francis, Duke of Guise
113:Protestant Reformation
57:Elizabeth I of England
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42:An(no) Aetatis Suae 49
33:
898:English MPs 1563–1567
878:English MPs 1547–1552
873:English MPs 1545–1547
780:History of Parliament
613:HMC 5th Report: Malet
408:parish church, London
403:
347:
39:
31:
903:People from Alcester
493:is named after him.
489:and Wales. London's
434:Knight of the Garter
290:Catherine de' Medici
275:imprisoned him as a
254:Mary, Queen of Scots
239:Ambassador to France
147:Clement Throckmorton
93:Francis Throckmorton
61:Mary, Queen of Scots
923:Throckmorton family
778:Biography from the
448:became the wife of
224:Sir Roger Cholmeley
170:knight of the shire
73:George Throckmorton
696:Joseph Stevenson,
659:Joseph Stevenson,
491:Throgmorton Street
465:Francis Walsingham
450:Sir Walter Raleigh
430:Sir Nicholas Carew
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246:Giovanni Portinari
244:military engineer
120:Protector Somerset
89:Elizabeth FitzHugh
46:
34:
769:(Subscription or
644:George W. Bernard
424:Family and legacy
418:Leadenhall Street
414:St Katharine Cree
406:St Katharine Cree
283:Tumult of Amboise
278:persona non grata
234:Elizabeth's court
209:Wyatt's Rebellion
192:Tudor successions
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843:1571 deaths
583:pp. 869 ff.
258:Reformation
184:(1559) and
67:Early years
53:Throgmorton
832:Categories
773:required.)
708:References
640:Ian Archer
420:, London.
182:Lyme Regis
166:Tower mint
135:Parliament
133:He sat in
101:Henry VIII
814:2 January
563:6 January
446:Elizabeth
265:Huguenots
216:Guildhall
186:Tavistock
178:Old Sarum
128:Edward VI
294:Le Havre
188:(1563).
162:knighted
81:Alcester
513:pg 639.
478:behind
395:Windsor
318:Darnley
151:regents
143:Devizes
79:, near
767:
364:Romans
360:Paul's
350:them (
139:Maldon
497:Notes
228:Tower
816:2017
565:2022
432:, a
304:and
172:for
87:and
59:and
51:(or
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75:of
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