536:. They forced him to act as a guide for the Nez Perce through Yellowstone. On the morning of August 24, Yellow Wolf's scouting party rode into the Radersburg party camp and forced the group to accompany them up the Mary Mountain trail east toward the Yellowstone River to the main Nez Perce camp. By noon, upon the advice of Poker Joe, the Nez Perce chiefs decided to allow the party to leave and head west out of the park, but only on the condition that they abandon all their supplies and horses to the Nez Perce, which they did. About 30 minutes after they were released and on their way west down the edges of the Mary Mountain trail, the party encountered a group of 20-30 Nez Perce stragglers who wanted to return the tourists into the hands of the chiefs. Shooting erupted, George Cowan was shot point blank in the head and Albert Oldham suffered a painful face wound. The remainder of the party was unhurt and scattered into the forest to the north. Upon learning of the encounter, a Nez Perce chief came to the rescue of several of the tourists. Frank Carpenter, Ida Carpenter and Emma Cowan were returned to the Nez Perce camp and given the protection of Chief Joseph. On August 25, the Nez Perce continued east to Trout Creek on the Yellowstone river in what is today known as
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912:, their advance scouts observed the soldiers far below. If the Indians took the open and easy route to reach the Plains, their 2,000 horses and 700 people would be easily visible. Instead they attempted a difficult maneuver to mislead the soldiers. They took a route going south toward the Shoshone River, and then, invisible to army scouts, milled their horses in a big circle to conceal their trail and sell the army on the idea that they were heading south. They then sneaked back north, concealed by heavy timber, and traversed Dead Indian Gulch down to the Clark's Fork River. Dead Indian Gulch was a narrow, steep-sided slit in the rock, dropping almost vertically for 1,000 feet and barely wide enough for two horses to go side-by-side. "In a cleanly executed maneuver," said a military historian, "the Nez Perce had countered an extremely serious threat and won a brilliant, though temporary respite."
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skirmish with the rear guard of the Nez Perce, he broke off the chase and turned back to find
General Howard and his soldiers. Once the main body of Nez Perce left the Yellowstone river, they moved up Pelican Creek onto the Mirror Plateau. It was there that James Irwin escaped. James Shively escaped a few days later. They continued east crossing the Lamar River and ascending one of the major creeks—Calfee, Miller or Cache. They reached the divide on the evening of September 5, 1877. On the morning of September 6, they continued northeast down Crandall Creek and into the canyon of the Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone. Although his forces had never been very far from the Nez Perce, Howard never engaged the Indians while in the park and chose an easier route to the Clark's Fork.
796:. They quickly engaged the Nez Perce and drove them back into the park. Unfortunately for Dietrich, believing the Nez Perce had left the Mammoth Hot Springs area took refuge in one of McCartney's buildings. As the Nez Perce fled south they found Dietrich and killed him. Wiekert and McCartney had found Charles Kenck's body at Otter Creek and buried him. Upon their return to Mammoth, they found Dietrich dead as well. Fearing that Ben Stone might be dead and Mammoth Hot Springs no longer a safe place, they made their way north into the safety of Lt. Doane's camp, where they found Ben Stone, the negro cook, safe as well. Although there were a few other skirmishes between soldiers and the Nez Perce while the Indians were still in the park, they resulted in only minor casualties.
582:. During the day Nez Perce scouts encountered James Irwin hiding in a ravine and brought him into their camp as well. On the evening of August 25, the Nez Perce released the Carpenters, and Emma Cowan giving them two horses. They safely made their way north where they found protection from elements of Lt. Doane's 2nd cavalry near Mount Washburn. James Irwin and John Shively remained as guides for the Nez Perce. Over the next couple of days, other members of the Radersburg party made their way out of the park via the Madison River and into the safety of General Howard's forces at Henry's Lake. On August 30, Howard's forces, moving up the Madison river, found George Cowan and Albert Oldham alive, but in poor condition.
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captured by the Nez Perce. The other members of the party, including
Richard Dietrich, scattered into the forest. Stewart bribed his release from the Nez Perce with $ 263 and a silver watch. After cleaning his wounds, he made his way north out of the park. When Weikert and Wilke return to camp, they discovered the raid and immediately headed north out of the park. They also had a brief encounter with the Nez Perce war party, and Weikert sustained a shoulder wound. On August 27, the main Nez Perce force moved further east up Pelican Creek
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989:, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Yellowstone's chief road builder embarked on a campaign to mark all the historic spots in the park from the 1877 Nez Perce war. By 1904, with the help of participants George and Emma Cowan and others, signs marked the locations of all the key encounters during the Nez Perce flight through the park. By the 1930s, the signs were all gone. The only memorial today is "The Chief Joseph Story" roadside marker where Nez Perce Creek crosses the
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446:. They were camped just west of the Lower Geyser Basin. General Sherman himself had been in the park as a tourist only a few days before. His scout reportedly assured members of the Radersburg party that they would be perfectly safe from the Nez Perce. However, one of the tourists, Emma Cowan, noted that the Sherman party "preferred being elsewhere, as they left...that same night."
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235:. By late August, the Nez Perce had travelled hundreds of miles and fought several battles in which they defeated or held off the U.S. army forces pursuing them. The Nez Perce had the mistaken notion that after crossing the next mountain range or defeating the latest army sent to oppose them they would find a peaceful new home.
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George Cowan and Albert Oldham completely recovered from their injuries in
Radersburg. Cowan would spend a lot of time in the park in later years telling visitors about his encounter with the Nez Perce. Wiekert and McCartney eventually recovered the bodies of Kenck and Dietrich and both are buried
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As other army troops ordered to guard the
Yellowstone exits were not yet in place, Sturgis set up his base on the Plains from where he had an expansive view and could move quickly toward either Clark's Fork or to the Shoshone River. He seems to have discounted the Clark's Fork exit, "finding that no
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When the Nez Perce entered
Yellowstone there were eight or nine parties of tourists totaling at least 35 persons in the park, plus several groups of prospectors. Two of these parties would experience hostile encounters with elements of the Nez Perce. The Radersburg Party as they became known, nine
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was probably the most influential war leader. Although Chief Joseph is credited with being the overall leader of the Nez Perce, his role was more focused on the management of the camp of women and children than fighting. The chiefs attempted to restrain their young men from taking revenge on White
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Against 2,000 soldiers plus hundreds of Indian scouts, the Nez Perce fighting men probably numbered fewer than 200. Poker Joe, one-half White and fluent in
English, was their guide through Yellowstone. Their leadership was collective, drawn from each of the five bands of the tribe represented among
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Sturgis took the bait and led his soldiers away from the Clark's Fork and headed south to the
Shoshone. The Nez Perce passed out onto the plains unopposed. Sturgis quickly realized his error and turned around. He met up with Howard on September 11 who had descended the Clark's Fork following the
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A second group of tourists, made up of entirely young men became known as the Helena party. On the evening the August 23, Andrew
Weikert, Richard Dietrich, Charles Kenck, Frederick Pfister, Jack Stewart, Leonard Duncan, Joseph Roberts, August Foller, Leslie Wilke and an African American cook named
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from the tourists and the army. Also on the 27th, Weikert who had already reached
Mammoth Hot Springs headed south to search for Dietrich and the other members of the Helena party. By the end of the day, Dietrich and Ben Stone were safe at McCartney's Hotel and bath house at Mammoth Hot Springs.
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To prevent any news of their location getting to the army during their difficult passage down from the summit of the
Absarokas to the Plains the Nez Perce hunted down and killed White prospectors and hunters in the area. Ten men were known to have been killed by the Indians and additional bodies
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and attacked the Henderson Ranch which was a homestead established in 1871 a mile or so north of the park. A two-hour gunfight resulted in no casualties. Sterling Henderson and his hands abandoned the ranch for the safety of the river and the Nez Perce sacked and burned the buildings. Shortly
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Howard and his soldiers crossed Yellowstone by a more northerly and easier route and reached the Northeast corner of the Park on Clark's Fork on September 7. From Fisher's scouting, the Army was now aware that the Nez Perce would emerge from the mountains near the Clark's Fork or the Shoshone
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reaching an elevation of nearly 10,000 feet (3,000 m). Fisher, following them, said it was "the roughest country I ever undertook to pass through. About every foot of it was obstructed with dead and fallen timber and huge blocks of grammar." After Fisher and his group of Bannocks had a
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while in the hands of the Nez Perce. At dawn on August 26, a Nez Perce war party found the Helena party's camp. Two of the members Weikert and Wilke had already left the camp. The Nez Perce attacked the camp with gunfire. Charles Kenck was shot dead. John Stewart was wounded in the leg and
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Unbeknownst to Weikert and McCartney as they traveled south to Otter Creek, a band of 20-30 Nez Perce were moving north toward Mammoth Hot Springs where Dietrich and Stone were staying. The Indians had already burned Baronett's Bridge (the first bridge across the Yellowstone River near its
705:) built by Jack Baronett, a trader and Yellowstone guide in 1871). The Nez Perce found Dietrich and Stone and chased them into the forest where they successfully evaded confrontation with the Indians. On the morning of August 31, the band of Nez Perce moved north of the mouth of the
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trail could possibly lead through it." The lower several miles of Clark's Fork passed through a narrow canyon with vertical walls 800 feet high. On September 8, when the Nez Perce reached a point six miles from Sturgis's force on top of a ridge near what is now called
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had been in the park on August 23, 1877, for eight days. Made up of George F. and Emma Cowan, Emma's brother and sister, Frank and Ida Carpenter, Charles Mann and Henry Meyers, this group also included A.J. Arnold, William Dingee and Albert Oldham from
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which is named the Chief Joseph Scenic Byway. Sunlight Creek Bridge, Dead Indian Hill and Dead Indian Campground are along the approximate route of the Nez Perce before they feinted a movement to the south to confuse the soldiers on the plain below.
290:, Idaho. The Nez Perce raided a camp of soldiers, stealing mostly mules and a few horses and supplies. The ensuing fight lasted a full day, but resulted in few casualties. On the evening of the 20th, the Nez Perce headed east, crossed
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in 1877. As the U.S. army pursued the Nez Perce through the park, a number of hostile and sometimes deadly encounters between park visitors and the Indians occurred. Eventually, the army's pursuit forced the Nez Perce off the
454:. Not far from the Radersburg party were John Shively, a lone prospector, James Irwin, a recently discharged soldier, and a dishevelled lone tourist encountered on the Yellowstone river near
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scouts and White scout Stanton G. Fisher followed the Nez Perce a day behind. They reported back to Howard and he predicted correctly that the Nez Perce's objective was to cross the
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something of a national hero and a military genius in the eyes of many in the American public. On August 9, 1877, the Nez Perce engaged the U.S. Army under the command of Colonel
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The Nez Perce entered Yellowstone National Park on August 23, 1877, near the Madison river. On September 6, 1877, they left the northeast corner of the park via Crandall Creek
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A map of the route of the Nez Perce (red) and General Howard (purple) across Yellowstone National Park and vicinity. The dotted purple line shows the route of Colonel Sturgis.
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Howard ordered Sturgis to take up pursuit of the Nez Perce whose trail led north into Montana. He would catch up with them on September 13 at the indecisive
368:. Howard's command was exhausted and did not immediately pursue the Nez Perce into the park, electing to remain in the vicinity of Henry's Lake to regroup.
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In June 1877, several bands of the Nez Perce, numbering about 750 men, women, and children and resisting relocation from their native lands on the
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Nez Perce Joseph : an account of his ancestors, his lands, his confederates, his enemies, his murders, his war, his pursuit and capture
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Rivers. Howard continued on down the Clark's Fork River hoping to trap the Nez Perce between his force and that of Sturgis waiting below.
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The Henderson ranch must have looked much like this in 1877. Photo of the Bottler ranch (just a few miles north of Hendersons) (ca 1871)
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Unfortunately for the members of the Helena party, James Irwin had disclosed the location of their camp near the forks of Otter Creek
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While Howard with 600 men took up the pursuit of the Nez Perce again on August 27, after resting his soldiers for four days at
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and into forces arrayed to capture or destroy them when they emerged from the mountains of Yellowstone onto the valley of
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is the location of Chief Joseph's crossing of the Yellowstone River on August 25, 1877. First named by superintendent
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Richard Dietrich was killed in one of these buildings that made up McCartney's Hotel at Mammoth Hot Springs (ca 1871)
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after the attack on the ranch, a force of cavalry under the command of Lt. Doane was moving up the river near
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was extensively reported in the nation's press. The fighting retreat of the Nez Perce had made their leader
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James McCartney and Weikert agreed to go back to Otter Creek to locate Kenck, Stewart and the others.
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and about 100 men plus Crow scouts was dispatched to guard the north entrance of Yellowstone Park at
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Nez Perce's route, but the two military forces were now two days and 50 miles behind the Nez Perce.
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led the way. In the late afternoon of August 23, Yellow Wolf's scouts captured John Shively at the
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Clarks Fork Canyon. The Nez Perce descended into the Canyon via a narrow defile in the rock walls.
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exit also on the east. To the south, Colonel Wesley Merritt with 500 men was positioned on the
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in 1880, the ford has also been known as Chief Joseph's Crossing and Buffalo Ford (1946).
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Geothermal features, geography, historic structures and other attractions in the
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on the east. Major Hart with 250 cavalry and 100 Indian scouts was to guard the
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Sunlight Bridge today spans a canyon that the Nez Perce crossed on horseback.
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The Yellowstone Story-A History of Our First National Park (Vol. 1)
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2013:
Malone, Michael P., Richard B. Roeder and William L. Lang (1991).
1301:. Helena, MT: Montana Historical Society Press. pp. 165–202.
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Sign detailing the encounter of the Nez Perce with the Cowan party
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in northeast Oregon to a reservation in west-central Idaho on the
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http://nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hiho/greene/chap8.htm
1683:"I Will Fight No More Forever"-Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce War
1410:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. pp. 162, 177.
1408:"I Will Fight No More Forever"-Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce War
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near Fountain Flats. A small scouting party of Nez Perce led by
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1442:. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado Press. pp. 216–239.
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Nez Perce Summer, 1877: The U.S. Army and the Nee-Me-Poo Crisis
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Colonel Miles would later take Chief Joseph's surrender in the
1918:"I Will Fight No More Forever" Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce.
1670:. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 350–359.
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A portion of the route of the Nez Perce is followed today by
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1732:. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press. pp.
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After entering the park, the band of Nez Perce moved up the
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1685:. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. p. 189.
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was standing by with a force of several hundred soldiers.
1197:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. pp. 599–601.
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just miles from the Canada–US border on October 5, 1877.
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of the East Fork of the Firehole River (Nez Perce Creek)
1761:. Gardiner, MT: Wonderland Publishing. pp. 187–88.
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Col. Samuel D. Sturgis. His son had been killed in the
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The Nez Perce Indians and the Opening of the Northwest.
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Storytelling in Yellowstone-Horse and buggy tour guides
2017:. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
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The Nez Perce Indians and the Opening of the Northwest
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1839:. Gardiner, MT: Wonderland Publishing. p. 141.
1786:. Gardiner, MT: Wonderland Publishing. p. 188.
1892:. Gardiner, MT: Wonderland Publishing. p. 75.
1438:Haines, Aubrey L. (1996). "Warfare in Wonderland".
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462:), a scout with a small party of English tourists.
1979:. Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press.
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701:confluence with the East Fork of the Yellowstone (
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1934:Boise: Montana Historical Society Press, 2000.
424:Hostile encounters with tourists and prospectors
1295:Greene, Jerome A. (2000). "The National Park".
1958:The last Indian war : the Nez Perce story
904:were discovered over the next several months.
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2128:Flight of the Nez Perce and key battle sites.
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1943:Children of Grace: The Nez Perce War of 1877.
1165:. New York: Henry Holt and Company. pp.
420:non-combatants, but not always with success.
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2037:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1161:Children of Grace: The Nez Perce War of 1877
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242:The Nez Perce leader Chief Joseph in 1877.
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1998:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
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2015:Montana: A History of Two Centuries
1960:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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466:Encounter with the Radersburg party
310:near the present-day west entrance
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2242:Nez Perce National Historical Park
1927:New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1967
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2286:- Lower and Midway Geyser Basins
2208:
680:The burning of Henderson's ranch
1881:
1871:United States Geological Survey
1853:
1828:
1818:United States Geological Survey
1800:
1775:
1750:
1717:
1707:United States Geological Survey
1689:
1674:
1642:United States Geological Survey
1624:
1614:United States Geological Survey
1596:
1586:United States Geological Survey
1568:
1558:United States Geological Survey
1540:
1530:United States Geological Survey
1512:
1502:United States Geological Survey
1484:
1474:United States Geological Survey
1456:
1399:
1389:United States Geological Survey
1361:United States Geological Survey
1333:United States Geological Survey
1275:United States Geological Survey
1247:United States Geological Survey
1219:United States Geological Survey
1017:Geological Surveys of the park.
868:Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone
864:Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone
586:Encounter with the Helena party
450:Benjamin Stone were in camp at
2295:Lower and Midway Geyser Basins
1371:
1343:
1315:
1257:
1229:
1201:
1193:Josephy, Alvin M. Jr. (1965).
1035:el. 10,420 feet (3,180 m)
190:native Americans fled through
13:
1:
2181:Nez Perce in Yellowstone Park
2073:http://www.fs.usda.gov/npnht/
1952:New Haven: Yale U Press, 1965
1136:
214:
18:Nez Perce in Yellowstone Park
2151:Attack on Looking Glass camp
1925:The Flight of the Nez Perce.
1920:Seattle: U of WA Press, 1963
919:
893:Battle of the Little Bighorn
391:and 360 men would guard the
127:Attack on Looking Glass camp
7:
2139:Battle of White Bird Canyon
2062:
1888:Whittlesey, Lee H. (2006).
1835:Whittlesey, Lee H. (2006).
1782:Whittlesey, Lee H. (2006).
1757:Whittlesey, Lee H. (2006).
1724:Whittlesey, Lee H. (2007).
1668:The Flight of the Nez Perce
882:
176:GPX (secondary coordinates)
10:
3064:
2495:Queen's Laundry Bath House
2118:Battles and Events of the
2046:McWhorter, Lucullus Virgil
1975:Janetski, Joel C. (1987).
3048:Yellowstone National Park
2992:
2864:
2751:
2710:
2654:
2608:
2596:
2524:
2503:
2462:
2431:
2420:
2301:
2291:
2284:Yellowstone National Park
2217:
2206:
2134:
2126:
1681:Beal, Merrill D. (1963).
1406:Beal, Merrill D. (1963).
304:Yellowstone National Park
192:Yellowstone National Park
171:GPX (primary coordinates)
146:Map all coordinates using
77:
2157:Battle of the Clearwater
1932:A Nez Perce Summer 1877.
377:William Tecumseh Sherman
375:, his superior, General
154:Download coordinates as:
1994:Josephy, Alvin (2007).
1948:Josephy, Jr., Alvin M.
1890:Yellowstone Place Names
1837:Yellowstone Place Names
1784:Yellowstone Place Names
1759:Yellowstone Place Names
1666:Brown, Mark H. (1967).
1157:Hampton, Bruce (1994).
2463:Structures and history
2444:Grand Prismatic Spring
2193:Nez Perce at Cow Creek
2187:Battle of Canyon Creek
2183:(August 20 and Sept 7)
2169:Battle of the Big Hole
2075:, accessed 31 Jan 2012
2058:, accessed 18 Jan 2012
1956:West, Elliott (2009).
1938:, accessed 27 Jan 2012
1111:44.59500°N 110.69444°W
1056:44.95861°N 110.88472°W
949:45.72056°N 108.59278°W
926:Battle of Canyon Creek
896:
841:44.81750°N 109.78694°W
817:
809:
800:The Nez Perce's escape
775:45.09222°N 110.79972°W
729:45.02944°N 110.70083°W
697:
689:
654:44.55333°N 110.36028°W
611:44.68944°N 110.58750°W
561:44.61806°N 110.41694°W
511:44.58056°N 110.83250°W
433:
360:and then head for the
331:44.66222°N 111.10417°W
260:Battle of the Big Hole
243:
35:
2504:Geography and geology
2359:Great Fountain Geyser
2175:Battle of Camas Creek
1351:"Mammoth Hot Springs"
890:
815:
807:
695:
687:
431:
381:Lt. Gustavus C. Doane
284:Battle of Camas Creek
241:
166:GPX (all coordinates)
33:
2733:Powder River Country
2145:Battle of Cottonwood
1116:44.59500; -110.69444
1061:44.95861; -110.88472
954:45.72056; -108.59278
846:44.81750; -109.78694
780:45.09222; -110.79972
734:45.02944; -110.70083
659:44.55333; -110.36028
616:44.68944; -110.58750
566:44.61806; -110.41694
516:44.58056; -110.83250
407:in Montana, Colonel
336:44.66222; -111.10417
278:Into the Yellowstone
2432:Midway Geyser Basin
2384:Ojo Caliente Spring
1106: /
1051: /
998:Wyoming Highway 296
987:Hiram M. Chittenden
944: /
836: /
770: /
724: /
649: /
606: /
556: /
506: /
439:Radersburg, Montana
403:. To the North at
385:Mammoth Hot Springs
358:Yellowstone plateau
326: /
201:Yellowstone plateau
3003:Wyoming portal
2354:Fountain Paint Pot
2302:Lower Geyser Basin
2199:Battle of Bear Paw
1930:Greene, Jerome A.
1265:"West Yellowstone"
1209:"West Camas Creek"
972:Bear Paw Mountains
897:
876:Absaroka Mountains
818:
810:
698:
690:
480:Lower Geyser Basin
458:was "Texas Jack" (
434:
244:
36:
3043:Conflicts in 1877
3010:
3009:
2552:
2551:
2409:White Dome Geyser
2329:Botryoidal Spring
2250:
2249:
2005:978-0-8032-7623-9
1996:Nez Perce Country
1967:978-0-19-513675-3
1916:Beal, Merrill D.
1464:"Nez Perce Creek"
1131:
1076:
969:
861:
795:
749:
674:
631:
581:
531:
452:Yellowstone Falls
389:Samuel D. Sturgis
366:Yellowstone River
351:
209:Yellowstone River
140:
139:
82:White Bird Canyon
16:(Redirected from
3055:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2542:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2490:Nez Perce Flight
2480:Marshall's Hotel
2470:Firehole Village
2439:Excelsior Geyser
2426:
2389:Pink Cone Geyser
2379:Narcissus Geyser
2339:Clepsydra Geyser
2277:
2270:
2263:
2254:
2253:
2237:Nez Perce people
2212:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2052:: His Own Story.
2042:
2036:
2028:
2009:
1990:
1971:
1904:
1903:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1731:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1650:
1649:
1632:"Crandall Creek"
1628:
1622:
1621:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1492:"Nez Perce Ford"
1488:
1482:
1481:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1435:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1164:
1154:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1091:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1036:
968:
967:
965:
964:
963:
961:
956:
955:
950:
945:
942:
941:
940:
937:
929:
910:Dead Indian Pass
870:or east via the
862:en route to the
860:
859:
857:
856:
855:
853:
848:
847:
842:
837:
834:
833:
832:
829:
821:
794:
793:
791:
790:
789:
787:
782:
781:
776:
771:
768:
767:
766:
763:
755:
748:
747:
745:
744:
743:
741:
736:
735:
730:
725:
722:
721:
720:
717:
709:
673:
672:
670:
669:
668:
666:
661:
660:
655:
650:
647:
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645:
642:
634:
630:
629:
627:
626:
625:
623:
618:
617:
612:
607:
604:
603:
602:
599:
591:
580:
579:
577:
576:
575:
573:
568:
567:
562:
557:
554:
553:
552:
549:
541:
530:
529:
527:
526:
525:
523:
518:
517:
512:
507:
504:
503:
502:
499:
491:
350:
349:
347:
346:
345:
343:
342:West Yellowstone
338:
337:
332:
327:
324:
323:
322:
319:
311:
272:Oliver O. Howard
225:Clearwater river
112:Yellowstone Park
72:
62:
55:
48:
39:
38:
21:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2997:
2995:
2988:
2860:
2747:
2706:
2650:
2604:
2592:
2583:
2553:
2548:
2520:
2499:
2458:
2427:
2418:
2349:Fountain Geyser
2297:
2287:
2281:
2251:
2246:
2213:
2204:
2130:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2079:Online copy of
2065:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2006:
1987:
1968:
1941:Hampton, Bruce
1923:Brown, Mark H.
1913:
1911:Further reading
1908:
1907:
1900:
1886:
1882:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1833:
1829:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1722:
1718:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1679:
1675:
1664:
1653:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1576:"Gardner River"
1574:
1573:
1569:
1548:"Pelican Creek"
1546:
1545:
1541:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1436:
1415:
1404:
1400:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1293:
1286:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1237:"Red Rock Pass"
1235:
1234:
1230:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1155:
1144:
1139:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1025:Philetus Norris
1011:Nez Perce Creek
1007:
991:Grand Loop Road
985:In 1902, Major
980:Helena, Montana
959:
957:
953:
951:
947:
946:
943:
938:
935:
933:
931:
930:
922:
885:
851:
849:
845:
843:
839:
838:
835:
830:
827:
825:
823:
822:
802:
785:
783:
779:
777:
773:
772:
769:
764:
761:
759:
757:
756:
739:
737:
733:
731:
727:
726:
723:
718:
715:
713:
711:
710:
682:
664:
662:
658:
656:
652:
651:
648:
643:
640:
638:
636:
635:
621:
619:
615:
613:
609:
608:
605:
600:
597:
595:
593:
592:
588:
571:
569:
565:
563:
559:
558:
555:
550:
547:
545:
543:
542:
522:Nez Perce Creek
521:
519:
515:
513:
509:
508:
505:
500:
497:
495:
493:
492:
476:Firehole Rivers
468:
444:Helena, Montana
426:
415:the refugees.
341:
339:
335:
333:
329:
328:
325:
320:
317:
315:
313:
312:
280:
229:Rocky Mountains
217:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
141:
136:
73:
68:
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3061:
3051:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3008:
3007:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2755:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Climate change
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2646:Radio stations
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2536:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2516:Firehole River
2513:
2511:Firehole Falls
2507:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2454:Turquoise Pool
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2399:Spindle Geyser
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2374:Morning Geyser
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2344:Dilemma Geyser
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2314:Artesia Geyser
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2201:(September 29)
2196:
2195:(September 25)
2190:
2189:(September 13)
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2076:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2043:
2023:
2010:
2004:
1991:
1985:
1972:
1966:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1928:
1921:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1880:
1852:
1845:
1827:
1799:
1792:
1774:
1767:
1749:
1742:
1716:
1697:"Canyon Creek"
1688:
1673:
1651:
1623:
1604:"Devils Slide"
1595:
1567:
1539:
1511:
1483:
1455:
1448:
1413:
1398:
1370:
1342:
1314:
1307:
1284:
1256:
1228:
1200:
1182:
1175:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1086:
1079:Gallatin Range
1028:
1021:Nez Perce Ford
1018:
1006:
1003:
921:
918:
884:
881:
872:Shoshone River
852:Crandall Creek
801:
798:
681:
678:
587:
584:
572:Nez Perce Ford
534:Firehole River
467:
464:
460:John Omohondro
456:Mount Washburn
437:tourists from
425:
422:
397:Shoshone River
364:agency on the
302:then entering
279:
276:
264:Big Hole River
216:
213:
179:
178:
173:
168:
163:
157:
144:
143:
142:
138:
137:
135:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
78:
75:
74:
65:
64:
57:
50:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3060:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Nez Perce War
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3005:
3004:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
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2756:
2754:
2750:
2744:
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2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:State symbols
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
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2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:Surprise Pool
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:Labial Geyser
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2273:
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2266:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2243:
2240:
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2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2211:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2171:(August 9–10)
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2125:
2121:
2120:Nez Perce War
2113:
2108:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2026:
2024:0-295-97129-0
2020:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1986:0-87480-724-7
1982:
1978:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1899:1-59971-716-6
1895:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1861:"Cowan Creek"
1856:
1848:
1846:1-59971-716-6
1842:
1838:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1808:"Joseph Peak"
1803:
1795:
1793:1-59971-716-6
1789:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1768:1-59971-716-6
1764:
1760:
1753:
1745:
1743:9780826341174
1739:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:"Otter Creek"
1515:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1449:0-87081-390-0
1445:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1323:"Henrys Lake"
1318:
1310:
1308:0-917298-68-3
1304:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1178:
1176:0-8050-1991-X
1172:
1168:
1163:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1128:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:Electric Peak
1081:southwest of
1080:
1073:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1002:
999:
994:
992:
988:
983:
981:
975:
973:
966:
927:
917:
913:
911:
905:
901:
894:
889:
880:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
814:
806:
797:
792:
754:
753:Devil's Slide
746:
740:Gardner River
708:
707:Gardner River
704:
694:
686:
677:
671:
665:Pelican Creek
628:
583:
578:
539:
538:Hayden Valley
535:
528:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
463:
461:
457:
453:
447:
445:
440:
430:
421:
418:
417:Looking Glass
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
348:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:Red Rock Pass
289:
286:just west of
285:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
248:Nez Perce War
240:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:Wallowa River
212:
210:
206:
202:
197:
196:Nez Perce War
193:
189:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
158:
156:
155:
150:
149:OpenStreetMap
147:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
76:
71:
70:Nez Perce War
63:
58:
56:
51:
49:
44:
43:
40:
32:
19:
2994:
2841:Rock Springs
2677:Demographics
2616:Bibliography
2598:
2319:Azure Spring
2227:Chief Joseph
2159:(July 11–12)
2080:
2048:
2014:
1995:
1976:
1957:
1949:
1942:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1889:
1883:
1864:
1855:
1836:
1830:
1811:
1802:
1783:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1727:
1719:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1667:
1635:
1626:
1607:
1598:
1579:
1570:
1551:
1542:
1523:
1514:
1495:
1486:
1467:
1458:
1439:
1407:
1401:
1382:
1379:"Fort Keogh"
1373:
1354:
1345:
1326:
1317:
1297:
1268:
1259:
1240:
1231:
1212:
1203:
1194:
1160:
1088:
1030:
1020:
1015:Arnold Hague
1010:
995:
984:
976:
960:Canyon Creek
923:
914:
906:
902:
898:
819:
786:Devils Slide
699:
589:
469:
448:
435:
413:
409:Nelson Miles
370:
281:
252:Chief Joseph
245:
233:Great Plains
218:
205:Clark's Fork
185:
153:
152:
145:
117:Canyon Creek
2914:Hot Springs
2796:Green River
2743:Yellowstone
2728:Great Basin
2723:Grand Teton
2718:Black Hills
2697:LGBT rights
2626:Delegations
2394:Pink Geyser
2324:Bead Geyser
2232:Yellow Wolf
2177:(August 20)
2163:Fort Fizzle
2050:Yellow Wolf
1122:Cowan Creek
1114: /
1101:110°41′40″W
1089:Cowan Creek
1067:Joseph Peak
1059: /
1046:110°53′05″W
1032:Joseph Peak
952: /
939:108°35′34″W
844: /
831:109°47′13″W
778: /
765:110°47′59″W
732: /
719:110°42′03″W
703:Lamar River
657: /
644:110°21′37″W
622:Otter Creek
614: /
601:110°35′15″W
564: /
551:110°25′01″W
514: /
501:110°49′57″W
484:Yellow Wolf
393:Clarks Fork
373:Henrys Lake
334: /
321:111°06′15″W
288:Henrys Lake
256:John Gibbon
107:Camas Creek
97:Fort Fizzle
3017:Categories
2964:Sweetwater
2851:Torrington
2738:Red Desert
2364:Jet Geyser
2334:Box Spring
2309:A-0 Geyser
2147:(July 3–5)
1137:References
1120: (
1098:44°35′42″N
1065: (
1043:44°57′31″N
958: (
936:45°43′14″N
850: (
828:44°49′03″N
784: (
762:45°05′32″N
738: (
716:45°01′46″N
663: (
641:44°33′12″N
620: (
598:44°41′22″N
570: (
548:44°37′05″N
520: (
498:44°34′50″N
488:confluence
405:Fort Keogh
401:Wind River
387:. Colonel
340: (
318:44°39′44″N
215:Background
92:Clearwater
87:Cottonwood
3023:Nez Perce
2821:Newcastle
2687:Education
2621:Governors
2603:(capital)
2449:Opal Pool
2165:(July 28)
2141:(June 17)
2033:cite book
920:Aftermath
231:into the
188:Nez Perce
122:Cow Creek
2979:Washakie
2959:Sublette
2954:Sheridan
2939:Niobrara
2894:Converse
2884:Campbell
2879:Big Horn
2866:Counties
2846:Sheridan
2836:Riverton
2806:Kemmerer
2791:Gillette
2786:Evanston
2771:Cheyenne
2702:Politics
2692:Gun laws
2662:Abortion
2600:Cheyenne
2153:(July 1)
2063:See also
883:The trap
532:and the
294:leaving
132:Bear Paw
102:Big Hole
2934:Natrona
2929:Lincoln
2924:Laramie
2919:Johnson
2904:Fremont
2856:Worland
2831:Rawlins
2816:Laramie
2801:Jackson
2781:Douglas
2761:Buffalo
2711:Regions
2682:Economy
2655:Society
2631:History
2590:Wyoming
2544:Commons
1167:224–242
1077:in the
478:to the
472:Madison
354:Bannock
308:Wyoming
300:Montana
268:Montana
258:at the
207:of the
2984:Weston
2949:Platte
2909:Goshen
2889:Carbon
2874:Albany
2826:Powell
2811:Lander
2766:Casper
2753:Cities
2636:People
2609:Topics
2083:(1881)
2021:
2002:
1983:
1964:
1896:
1843:
1790:
1765:
1740:
1446:
1305:
1173:
2974:Uinta
2969:Teton
2899:Crook
2672:Crime
2586:State
1736:–89.
298:into
296:Idaho
2944:Park
2776:Cody
2039:link
2019:ISBN
2000:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1962:ISBN
1894:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1788:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1444:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1171:ISBN
474:and
362:Crow
306:and
246:The
186:The
2588:of
978:in
266:in
161:KML
3019::
2071:,
2035:}}
2031:{{
1873:,
1869:.
1863:.
1820:,
1816:.
1810:.
1734:88
1709:,
1705:.
1699:.
1654:^
1644:,
1640:.
1634:.
1616:,
1612:.
1606:.
1588:,
1584:.
1578:.
1560:,
1556:.
1550:.
1532:,
1528:.
1522:.
1504:,
1500:.
1494:.
1476:,
1472:.
1466:.
1416:^
1391:,
1387:.
1381:.
1363:,
1359:.
1353:.
1335:,
1331:.
1325:.
1287:^
1277:,
1273:.
1267:.
1249:,
1245:.
1239:.
1221:,
1217:.
1211:.
1185:^
1169:.
1145:^
993:.
982:.
211:.
2578:e
2571:t
2564:v
2276:e
2269:t
2262:v
2111:e
2104:t
2097:v
2041:)
2027:.
2008:.
1989:.
1970:.
1902:.
1877:.
1849:.
1824:.
1796:.
1771:.
1746:.
1713:.
1648:.
1620:.
1592:.
1564:.
1536:.
1508:.
1480:.
1452:.
1395:.
1367:.
1339:.
1311:.
1281:.
1253:.
1225:.
1179:.
1124:)
1069:)
962:)
928:.
854:)
788:)
742:)
667:)
624:)
574:)
524:)
344:)
61:e
54:t
47:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
