1110:
1212:
565:
786:
750:
774:
1273:
1383:
762:
2782:
1234:
1527:
3190:
306:
813:
728:, during which they develop legs, and the gills are absorbed and replaced by air-breathing lungs. Some species, such as the North American newts, also become more brightly colored during this phase. Once fully metamorphosed, they leave the water and live a terrestrial life, when they are known as "efts." Only when the eft reaches adulthood will the North American species return to live in water, rarely venturing back onto the land. Conversely, most European species live their adult lives on land and only visit water to breed.
640:
1947:
136:
1156:
649:
116:
3168:
1796:
were prone to a loss of motor control: After only 22% water weight loss, newts in the aquatic phase lost their ability to remain upright and mobile. However, after adaptation to a terrestrial phase, they could lose 30% before a loss of motor control was recorded. Newts in the terrestrial phase were
1748:
In early stages of development in amphibians, ventilator gas transport and hemoglobin gas transport are independent mechanisms and not yet coupled as they are in adulthood. In juvenile amphibians, there is no cardiovascular response in conditions of hypoxia. When newts are induced into anemia, they
859:
of the
Pacific Northwest used the toxin to poison their enemies. However, the toxins are only dangerous if ingested or otherwise enter the body; for example, through a wound. Newts can safely live in the same ponds or streams as frogs and other amphibians or be kept as pets. The only predators of
700:
The main breeding season for newts (in the
Northern Hemisphere) is in June and July. A single newt female can produce hundreds of eggs. For instance, the warty newt can produce 200–300 eggs (Bradford 2017). After courtship rituals of varying complexity, which take place in ponds or slow-moving
2434:
The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by
Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti
1840:
to a temperature range that exists outside the predator's preferred temperature range. Larvae that are in the metamorphosizing stage tend to prefer warmer temperatures than those in the stage following metamorphosis. Therefore, the larvae in this stage will undergo a much more precise
2966:
Yazawa T, Yamamoto T, Nakayama Y, Hamada S, Abé S. Conversion from mitosis to meiosis: morphology and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Dmc1 during newt spermatogenesis. Dev Growth Differ. 2000 Dec;42(6):603-11. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-169x.2000.00544.x. PMID
2143:
level of the streams and lakes where they live. Because their skin is permeable to water, they absorb oxygen and other substances they need through their skin. Scientists study the stability of the amphibian population when studying the water quality of a particular body of water.
2994:(A. Capaldo, F. Gay, S. Valiante, M. DeFalco, R. Sciarrillo, M. Maddaloni, V. Laforgia. 2012. Endocrine-disrupting effects of nonylphenol in the newt, Triturus carnifex (Amphibia, Urodela). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. 155(2): 352–358. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.10.004)
1724:
The heart of newts, like that of most amphibians, consists of two atria and one ventricle. Blood flows from the anterior and posterior caval veins into the right atrium; blood that entered the heart from the left atrium is then expelled out of the ventricle. Newts do not have a
2839:(Giuliano Frangioni, Mario Santoni, Stefano Bianchi, Marco Franchi, Giancarlo Fuzzi, Stefano Marcaccini, Carlo Varlani, Gianfranco Borgioli. 2006. Function of the Hepatic Melanogenesis in the Newt, Triturus Carnifex. Journal of Experimental Zoology. 303A:123-131.)
1784:. Spleen size can increase as the temperature declines for adults – in larvae, there is no dramatic change in spleen size. During hibernation, an increase in liver pigment cells allows for storage of oxygen, as well as other important ions and free radicals.
2893:
Brown, M., Brown, S., Bisceglio, I., and Lemke, S. 1983. Breeding
Condition, Temperature, and the Regulation of Salt and Water by Pituitary Hormones in the Red-Spotted Newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. General and Comparative Endocrinology 51,
2029:
Some newt populations in Europe have decreased because of pollution or destruction of their breeding sites and terrestrial habitats, and countries such as the UK have taken steps to halt their declines. In the UK, they are protected under the
596:) with together seven species are the only representatives in North America, while most diversity is found in the Old World: In Europe and the Middle East, the group's likely origin, eight genera with roughly 30 species are found, with the
1737:: when a newt's ventricle is punctured, the heart will divert the blood directly into an ascending aorta via a duct located between the ventricle and the conus arteriosus. Newts begin to regenerate the ventricle by a thickening of the
611:, spending part of the year in the water for reproduction and the rest of the year on land. While most species prefer stagnant water bodies such as ponds, ditches, or flooded meadows for reproduction, some species such as the
2945:(R. Smolinsky, L. Gvozdik. 2009. The ontogenetic shift in thermoregulatory behavior of newt larvae: testing the “enemy-free temperature” hypothesis. Journal of Zoology. 279(2): 180-186. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2009.00603.x)
2985:(Gay, F., V. Laforgia, I. Caputo, C. Esposito, M. Lepretti, and A. Capaldo, “Chronic Exposure to Cadmium Disrupts the Adrenal Gland Activity of the Newt Triturus carnifex(Amphibia, Urodela),” BioMed Research International.)
391:, especially in composition, the larva being called "water-eft" and the mature form "land-eft" well into the 18th century, but the simplex "eft" as equivalent to "water-eft" has been in use since at least the 17th century.
1797:
found to dehydrate much quicker than newts in the aquatic phase, but conversely, during rehydration, dehydrated terrestrial animals will go through water gain 5x faster than dehydrated newts that are in the aquatic phase.
2976:(Brunelli, E., E. Sperone, M. Maisano, and S. Tripepi. 2009. Morphology and ultrastructure of the gills in two Urodela species: Salamandrina terdigitata and Triturus carnifex. Italian Journal of Zoology. 76(2): 158-164)
262:, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Not all aquatic salamanders are considered newts, however. More than 100 known species of newts are found in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia. Newts
1804:
is released into the circulatory system, which drives the newts into the aquatic environment and reduces the active transport of sodium ions. In contrast to prolactin, which decreases osmotic permeability,
2139:
because of their thin, sensitive skin and evidence of their presence (or absence) can serve as an indicator of the health of the environment. Most species are highly sensitive to subtle changes in the
504:) in historical literature, and "triton" remains in use as common name in some Romance languages, such as Spanish and Romanian, but as well as in Greek, Russian, and Bulgarian. The systematic name
2922:(M. Hadamova, L. Gvozdik. 2011. Seasonal acclimation of preferred body temperatures improves the opportunity for thermoregulation in newts. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology. 84(2):166-174. )
2054:
797:
Newts lay their eggs on structures such as plants or stones under water. The larvae first develop fore- and later hindlimbs, and are strictly carnivorous. After metamorphosis, juveniles known as
2903:
Minoru
Uchiyama, Norifumi Konno, Hormonal regulation of ion and water transport in anuran amphibians, General and Comparative Endocrinology, Volume 147, Issue 1, 15 May 2006, Pages 54-61,
631:) have even adapted to life in cold, oxygen-rich mountain streams. During their terrestrial phase, newts live in humid habitats with abundant cover such as logs, rocks, or earth holes.
1844:
Reproductive females of the
Italian crested newt were shown to regulate their body temperature more precisely and prefer higher temperatures than non-reproductive females and males.
1809:
increases the permeability and is secreted during the summer months. Arginine vasotocin not only increases cutaneous water permeability, but promotes increased cutaneous blood flow.
2723:"An Extremely Peramorphic Newt (Urodela: Salamandridae: Pleurodelini) from the Latest Oligocene of Germany, and a New Phylogenetic Analysis of Extant and Extinct Salamandrids"
2505:"Amphibians - body, used, water, process, Earth, life, characteristics, form, animals, oxygen, air, plant, change, History, Characteristics, Life cycle, Three major groupings"
2884:
Lodi, G., Biciotti, M., and Viotto, B. 1981. Cutaneous
Osmoregulation in Triturus cristatus carnifex (Laur.) (Urodela). General and Comparative Endocrinology 46: 452-457.
868:, some having developed a resistance to the toxin. Most newts can be safely handled, provided the toxins they produce are not ingested or allowed to come in contact with
1829:, which means they will acclimate to their surrounding environmental temperatures. When there is a large range of environmental temperatures, newts are insensitive to a
2875:
P. Walters, L. Greenwald. 1977. Physiological adaptations of aquatic newts (Notophtalmus viridescens) to a terrestrial environment. Physiological
Zoology. 50(2): 88-98.
2809:(Pelster, B. 1999. Environmental Influences on the Development of the Cardiac System in Fish and Amphibians. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 124:407-412)
721:
but are distinguished by their feathery external gills, hatch out in about three weeks. After hatching, they eat algae, small invertebrates, or other amphibian larvae.
1830:
1773:
705:, which is taken up by the female. Fertilized eggs are laid singly and are usually attached to aquatic plants. This distinguishes them from the free-floating eggs of
1734:
680:, including semipermeable glandular skin, four equal-sized limbs, and a distinct tail. The newt's skin, however, is not as smooth as that of other salamanders. The
2437:
2797:(Miyachi, Y. 2011. The Unusual Circulation of the Newt Heart after Ventricular Injury and Its Implications for Regeneration. Anatomy Research International:1-7).
2848:(Frangioni, G., G. Borgioli. 1996. Variations in blood pressure of newts according to their respiratory conditions. Italian Journal of Zoology. 63:3, 201-206).
1109:
454:
3099:
1825:
cope with the changing temperatures existing in their environments. This regulation is most often achieved through behavioral thermoregulation. They are
2931:(V. Marek, L. Gvozdik. 2012. The insensitivity of thermal preferences to various thermal gradient profiles in newts. Journal of Ethology. 30(1): 35-41)
1826:
3215:
2821:(Casale. G.P, Khairallah. E. A., Grasso. J. A. 1980. An Analysis of Hemoglobin Synthesis in Erythropoietic Cells. Developmental Biology 80:107-119. )
1753:, around two weeks after anemia is induced, the newts produced a mass of cells that helps to revitalize the already circulating red blood cell mass.
1742:
2954:(L. Gvozdik. 1995. Does reproduction influence temperature preference in newts. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 83(8): 1038-1044. doi: 10.1139/z05-096)
1769:. Lung breathing is mainly used when there is a lack of oxygen in the water, or at high activity such as during courtship, breeding, or feeding.
2482:
604:) extending to northernmost Africa. Eastern Asia, from Eastern India over Indochina to Japan, is home to five genera with more than 40 species.
2019:
2654:"A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of advanced frogs, salamanders, and caecilians"
688:, reproduce rapidly, and differentiate again to create a new limb or organ. One hypothesis is that the undifferentiated cells are related to
2830:(Eddy, F. B., P. McDonald. 1978. Aquatic respiration of The Crested Newt Triturus Cristatus. Comparative Biochemical Physiology. 59: 85-88)
423:
2857:(Frangioni, G., G Borgioli. 1997. Blood and splenic respiratory compensation in larval newts. Italian Journal of Zoology. 64:3, 221-226)
2525:
2419:
2700:
2235:
1994:. This affects especially the aquatic breeding sites they depend on, but also their land habitats. Several species, such as the
2358:
Constable's miscellany of original and selected publications in the various departments of literature, science, & the arts
2466:
713:, which are laid in clumps or in strings. Plant leaves are usually folded over and attached to the eggs to protect them. The
1910:, a heavy metal released into the environment from industrial and consumer waste, has been shown to be detrimental to the
3062:
2236:"Phylogeny and biogeography of the family Salamandridae (Amphibia: Caudata) inferred from complete mitochondrial genomes"
1039:
The term "newt" has traditionally been seen as an exclusively functional term for salamanders living in water, and not a
369:("an eft" → "a n'eft" → ...) by the early 15th century. The form "newt" appears to have arisen as a dialectal variant of
2456:
2433:
1875:
856:
2394:. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1997 (revised edition of Akademie Verlag, Munich 1989 and 1993), p. 265, s.v.
2031:
2409:"distaff", so that both animals (lizard and badger) were parallelized due to their common, spindle-shaped bodies.
3103:
1982:) in Europe, are still relatively common, populations of newts throughout their distribution range suffer from
1051:. Other, more distantly related salamander families also contain fully or in part aquatic species, such as the
274:-like bodies and return to the water every year to breed, otherwise living in humid, cover-rich land habitats.
2356:: "the water-eft, or newt, is only the larva of the land-eft, as tadpoles are of frogs". Archibald Constable,
1066:
Classification of all genera of the
Pleurodelinae subfamily after Pyron and Weins, revised by Mikko Haaramo.
531:
1906:
Larvae, with their great number of lamellae in their gills, are more susceptible to pollutants than adults.
450:
135:
1211:
3180:
2172:
2050:
are not listed, the sale of either species is prohibited under the
Wildlife and Countryside Act, 1981.
1870:
517:
1741:
layer that protrudes to allow the new vessels to form, and conclude with a regeneration of the entire
2490:
2297:
569:
2781:
692:
cells, since chemicals that produce tumors in other animals will produce additional limbs in newts.
564:
2202:
2168:
2003:
1047:
analyses have however shown that species in the Salamandridae traditionally called newts do form a
685:
509:
1914:
even at a concentrations below Italian and European thresholds, by disrupting the activity of the
3172:
3024:
2353:
2156:
2077:
1781:
725:
366:
2908:
2653:
2053:
In Europe, nine newts are listed as "strictly protected fauna species" under appendix II of the
3144:
3124:
3039:
2194:
2091:
2038:
without a licence, or to cause them harm or death, or to disturb their habitat in any way. The
1448:
2345:
2325:
3078:
2602:
2361:
1987:
1895:
1662:
735:
282:
20:
2234:
Zhang, Peng; Papenfuss, Theodore J.; Wake, Marvalee H.; Qu, Lianghu; Wake, David B. (2008).
2734:
2563:
2197:
are some commonly seen newts in the pet trade. Some newts rarely seen in the pet trade are
2127:
The remaining European species are listed as "protected fauna species" under appendix III.
2084:
1911:
1879:
785:
27:
2529:
1272:
8:
2210:
2186:
2112:
2011:
1923:
612:
315:
2738:
2567:
2504:
1526:
1382:
2765:
2722:
2403:
2198:
2152:
2119:
2105:
2070:
2035:
1995:
1959:
1473:
1048:
841:
749:
501:
481:
130:
3194:
3005:
2904:
2770:
2752:
2676:
2581:
2462:
2274:
2266:
2258:
2098:
1706:
848:
718:
1233:
773:
3019:
2760:
2742:
2668:
2571:
2250:
2063:
2023:
1951:
1730:
1052:
541:
429:
290:
2626:
812:
377:, but entered Standard English by the Early Modern period (used by Shakespeare in
3066:
2747:
2701:"Pleurodelinae. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0"
2441:
2034:
and the Habitat Regulations Act 1994. It is illegal to catch, possess, or handle
1883:
1865:
1726:
1654:
893:
869:
825:
2672:
2254:
3210:
2303:
1927:
1765:) were found to breathe mainly via the skin but also through the lungs and the
1685:
1543:
988:
681:
419:
339:
3059:
2576:
2551:
761:
3204:
3010:
2756:
2350:
The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, in the County of Southampton
2262:
2136:
2039:
1935:
1915:
1766:
1733:. Newts contain a special circulatory adaptation that allows them to survive
1671:
1206:
1081:
967:
889:
885:
865:
702:
589:
435:
374:
255:
197:
73:
1036:
are regarded as separate genera by some authors, but this is not unanimous.
900:
species in the family, roughly 100, which are classified in sixteen genera:
2774:
2680:
2585:
2337:
2270:
2206:
2182:
2160:
2047:
2042:
categorises the species as ‘lower risk’ Although the other UK species, the
1983:
1967:
1837:
1793:
1777:
1678:
1327:
1150:
1133:
1044:
1016:
974:
939:
925:
897:
852:
658:
639:
414:
278:
263:
221:
3040:"USGS Amphibian Research Monitoring Initiative (Pacific Northwest Region)"
396:
2164:
2043:
1975:
1931:
1919:
1891:
1856:
model for investigating the mechanism(s) controlling the transition from
1818:
1692:
1497:
1267:
1155:
1104:
995:
981:
953:
608:
597:
536:
323:
310:
259:
123:
48:
2055:
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
1653:
Phylogenetic analyses estimated the origin of the newt subfamily in the
305:
115:
1946:
1887:
1853:
1822:
1738:
1699:
1360:
906:
616:
464:
409:
240:
187:
93:
58:
2324:
The Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, Volume 47 (1777),
387:, now only used for newly metamorphosed specimens, survived alongside
2455:
Collins, J. T.; Conant, R.; Stebbins, R. C.; Peterson, R. T. (1999).
2190:
2135:
Newts, as with salamanders in general and other amphibians, serve as
1991:
1806:
1801:
1800:
In the Italian crested newt, it was shown that during winter months,
1424:
1310:
1060:
1056:
960:
946:
932:
881:
624:
580:
Newts are found in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia. The
427:, literally "lizard-badger" or "distaff-like lizard" (compare German
286:
244:
177:
147:
98:
556:"conspicuous"). Collective nouns for newts are flotilla and armada.
3167:
2177:
1377:
1009:
836:
in their skin secretions as a defence mechanism against predators.
573:
526:
167:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
2395:
648:
489:
1918:. In experiments allowing Italian crested newts to be exposed to
1907:
1861:
1857:
1228:
1002:
817:
677:
676:
Newts share many of the characteristics of their salamander kin,
581:
474:, presumably for the water newt (immature newt, eft). German has
379:
294:
103:
78:
2026:
is an example of a newt species that has gone extinct recently.
1836:
To escape predators, newt larvae have been found to shift their
365:. The initial "n" was added from the indefinite article "an" by
360:
354:
348:
342:
333:
327:
289:. Several species are endangered, and at least one species, the
3003:
2342:
An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
1841:
thermoregulation process than those in the intermediate stage.
1658:
1521:
913:
714:
544:
in 1830 (the name meaning "having prominent ribs," formed from
271:
225:
157:
462:
for a type of spotted newt, now used for species of the genus
3079:"Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Smooth newt, common newt"
2454:
1040:
833:
689:
665:(left) and as an adult during aquatic breeding season (right)
469:
267:
534:
in 1815. Tschudi's Pleurodelinae is based on the type genus
840:
newts of western North America are particularly toxic. The
710:
706:
3100:"Smooth newt videos, photos and facts - Triturus vulgaris"
2694:
2692:
2690:
1729:
on the ventricle, due to circulation that is found in the
270:, terrestrial juvenile (eft), and adult. Adult newts have
266:
through three distinct developmental life stages: aquatic
1665:
have also been referred to the Pleurodelinae, including:
2603:"BBC Nature - Great crested newt videos, news and facts"
1749:
are able to respire without the need of blood cells. In
2687:
2487:
Molecular Biology Program - Bioscience Graduate Studies
2140:
1926:
common in leakage from sewers, there was a decrease in
801:
emerge from the water and live a terrestrial lifestyle.
3071:
19:
This article is about the animal. For other uses, see
3178:
1874:, this transition was shown to involve expression of
724:
During the subsequent few months, the larvae undergo
2714:
2597:
2595:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2720:
2528:. Lnr.cambridge.gov.uk. 2005-07-25. Archived from
2379:An etmological dictionary of the Scottish language
1821:, describes the major mechanisms of how newts, as
2647:
2645:
2643:
2592:
2222:
3202:
2526:"Cambridge City Council: Local Nature Reserves"
2458:Peterson First Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians
1817:Thermoregulation, in combination with seasonal
684:at the site of an injury have the ability to un
318:, is the type genus of subfamily Pleurodelinae.
2703:. New York: American Museum of Natural History
2640:
1901:
493:, like the English term of unknown etymology.
394:Dialectal English and Scots also has the word
250:. The terrestrial juvenile phase is called an
3125:"Annexe II: Strictly protected fauna species"
2962:
2960:
2721:Marjanović, David; Witzmann, Florian (2015).
347:; this word was transformed irregularly into
3025:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59445A11942589.en
2549:
2398:. Pfeifer gives the second element as germ.
559:
475:
615:can also occur in slow-flowing rivers. The
551:
545:
444:
3004:Yang Datong; Michael Wai Neng Lau (2004).
2957:
2651:
2621:
2619:
508:was introduced alongside Pleurodelinae by
114:
26:"Eft" redirects here. For other uses, see
3023:
2764:
2746:
2575:
1714:
16:Salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae
3216:Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances
2941:
2939:
2937:
2627:"Caudata Culture Articles - Newt Toxins"
2448:
1945:
811:
563:
304:
2918:
2916:
2793:
2791:
2616:
2392:Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen
512:in 1838, based on the type genus named
3203:
2878:
2842:
2817:
2815:
2805:
2803:
1941:
3145:"Annexe III: Protected fauna species"
2934:
2925:
2887:
2860:
2833:
2698:
2661:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
2243:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
254:. Unlike other members of the family
2997:
2970:
2913:
2869:
2851:
2824:
2788:
2489:. University of Utah. Archived from
2418:Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1938:and important for stress response.
3011:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
2988:
2979:
2948:
2897:
2812:
2800:
2130:
2018:) are considered threatened by the
1958:Although some species, such as the
1812:
701:streams, the male newt transfers a
13:
2507:. Scienceclarified.com. 2009-10-13
2368:of Hay, (the water-newt, or eft)".
1847:
779:Larva shortly before metamorphosis
671:
500:(viz., named for the mythological
408:in Scots) used for both newts and
338:(of unknown origin), resulting in
14:
3227:
3160:
2652:Pyron, R.A.; Weins, J.J. (2011).
2550:Brockes, J; Kumar, A (Jan 2005).
2032:Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981
1852:The newt is regarded as an ideal
1787:
1776:is the ability to release stored
855:to kill an adult human, and some
443:is ultimately cognate with Greek
3188:
3166:
2780:
2304:"Online etymological dictionary"
2301:
1648:
1525:
1381:
1271:
1232:
1210:
1154:
1108:
784:
772:
760:
748:
647:
638:
134:
46:
3137:
3117:
3092:
3053:
3032:
2543:
2518:
2497:
2475:
1780:when needed, for example under
828:, are known for their toxicity.
2425:
2412:
2384:
2371:
2331:
2318:
2291:
1882:auxiliary protein involved in
1756:
1719:
875:
695:
572:lives in small streams in the
1:
3006:"Hypselotriton wolterstorffi"
2461:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
2431:Alain Dubois and Roger Bour,
2216:
468:. Ancient Greek had the name
3042:. Fresc.usgs.gov. 2013-01-30
2748:10.1371/journal.pone.0137068
2445:, Zootaxa 2447 (2010), 1–52.
300:
7:
3060:UK Biodiversity Action Plan
2673:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.012
2255:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.020
2173:Chuxiong fire-bellied newts
1934:, hormones produced by the
1902:Susceptibility to pollution
1792:In experiments, dehydrated
807:
10:
3232:
2147:
1972:Notophthalmus viridescens)
851:produces more than enough
470:
367:provection (juncture loss)
25:
18:
3065:October 24, 2007, at the
2577:10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.049
2298:Oxford English Dictionary
2169:Japanese fire belly newts
1540:
1518:
1511:
1494:
1487:
1470:
1463:
1445:
1438:
1421:
1414:
1374:
1357:
1350:
1324:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1264:
1257:
1225:
1203:
1196:
1188:
1147:
1130:
1123:
1101:
1094:
1086:
1074:
560:Distribution and habitats
552:
546:
445:
218:
213:
131:Scientific classification
129:
122:
113:
37:
3102:. ARKive. Archived from
2390:Wolfgang Pfeifer (ed.),
2157:Chinese fire belly newts
1974:in North America or the
1831:thermal gradient profile
1774:compensatory respiration
880:Newts form one of three
496:Newts are also known as
383:iv.1). The regular form
277:Newts are threatened by
2420:A Greek-English Lexicon
2195:red-tailed knobby newts
2078:Euproctus platycephalus
1735:ventricular penetration
872:or breaks in the skin.
755:Embryo in jelly capsule
625:European mountain newts
540:(ribbed newt) named by
361:
355:
349:
343:
334:
328:
326:name of the animal was
2203:Kaiser's spotted newts
2092:Lissotriton montandoni
1955:
1954:is considered extinct.
1894:protein, a marker for
1715:Anatomy and physiology
829:
717:, which resemble fish
577:
476:
458:). Latin had the name
319:
44:Late Cretaceous–Recent
3018:: e.T59445A11942589.
2004:Kaiser's spotted newt
1949:
1896:genetic recombination
1761:Adult crested newts (
896:. They comprise most
815:
736:northern crested newt
567:
308:
21:Newt (disambiguation)
2699:Frost, D.R. (2016).
2360:, Volume 45 (1829),
2211:yellow-spotted newts
2187:Spanish ribbed newts
2085:Lissotriton italicus
1980:Lissotriton vulgaris
1912:Italian crested newt
1880:DNA polymerase delta
791:Terrestrial juvenile
617:European brook newts
520:in 1768. Laurenti's
2866:(Barni et al. 1999)
2739:2015PLoSO..1037068M
2568:2005CBio...15..R42B
2366:salamandra aquatica
2199:rough-skinned newts
2153:Chinese warty newts
2113:Triturus dobrogicus
2036:great crested newts
2012:Montseny brook newt
2000:Pleurodeles poireti
1942:Conservation status
1924:endocrine disruptor
1871:Cynopa pyrrhogaster
1868:. In the male newt
832:Many newts produce
734:Development in the
613:Danube crested newt
570:Pyrenean brook newt
530:("Triton-tail") by
451:Proto-Indo-European
412:, from Old English
316:Iberian ribbed newt
2483:"Shannon Odelberg"
2440:2014-01-09 at the
2404:Middle High German
2193:genes exist), and
2120:Triturus karelinii
2106:Triturus cristatus
2071:Euproctus montanus
2016:Calotriton arnoldi
1996:Edough ribbed newt
1960:rough-skinned newt
1956:
1663:fossil salamanders
1049:monophyletic group
842:rough-skinned newt
830:
740:Triturus cristatus
578:
482:Middle High German
320:
3081:. BBC. 2012-04-27
2468:978-0-395-97195-6
2402:, relating it to
2348:. Gilbert White,
2099:Triturus carnifex
2008:Neurergus kaiseri
1964:Taricha granulosa
1707:Palaeopleurodeles
1645:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1339:
1338:
1245:
1244:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1166:
849:Pacific Northwest
845:Taricha granulosa
824:), including the
439:, both "lizard;"
233:
232:
228:genera, see text
3223:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3184:
3171:Data related to
3170:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3075:
3069:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2983:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2955:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2932:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2911:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2810:
2807:
2798:
2795:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2768:
2750:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2696:
2685:
2684:
2658:
2649:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2452:
2446:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2410:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2369:
2335:
2329:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2306:. Douglas Harper
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2273:. Archived from
2240:
2231:
2165:paddletail newts
2131:As bioindicators
2064:Calotriton asper
2024:Yunnan lake newt
1952:Yunnan lake newt
1827:thermoconformers
1813:Thermoregulation
1763:Triturus cristus
1731:conus arteriosus
1529:
1514:
1513:
1490:
1489:
1466:
1465:
1441:
1440:
1417:
1416:
1385:
1353:
1352:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1275:
1260:
1259:
1236:
1214:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1190:
1158:
1126:
1125:
1112:
1097:
1096:
1089:
1088:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1053:mole salamanders
870:mucous membranes
857:Native Americans
788:
776:
764:
752:
651:
642:
555:
554:
549:
548:
479:
473:
472:
448:
447:
364:
358:
352:
346:
337:
331:
314:, including the
291:Yunnan lake newt
139:
138:
118:
108:
45:
41:Temporal range:
35:
34:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3163:
3158:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3109:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3084:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3067:Wayback Machine
3058:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2914:
2902:
2898:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2789:
2779:
2733:(9): e0137068.
2719:
2715:
2706:
2704:
2697:
2688:
2656:
2650:
2641:
2632:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2556:Current Biology
2548:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2510:
2508:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2469:
2453:
2449:
2442:Wayback Machine
2430:
2426:
2417:
2413:
2389:
2385:
2377:John Jamieson,
2376:
2372:
2336:
2332:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2238:
2232:
2223:
2219:
2150:
2133:
2125:
1944:
1904:
1884:DNA replication
1866:spermatogenesis
1850:
1848:Spermatogenesis
1815:
1790:
1759:
1743:myocardial wall
1727:coronary artery
1722:
1717:
1712:
1655:Late Cretaceous
1651:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1404:
1395:
1340:
1246:
1177:
1168:
1034:Liangshantriton
1027:
1022:Liangshantriton
894:Salamandrininae
878:
826:California newt
810:
805:
804:
803:
802:
794:
793:
792:
789:
781:
780:
777:
769:
768:
765:
757:
756:
753:
744:
743:
698:
674:
672:Characteristics
669:
668:
667:
666:
661:as terrestrial
654:
653:
652:
644:
643:
562:
524:was renamed to
303:
133:
109:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
43:
42:
39:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3198:
3197:
3177:
3176:
3175:at Wikispecies
3162:
3161:External links
3159:
3157:
3156:
3136:
3116:
3091:
3070:
3052:
3031:
2996:
2987:
2978:
2969:
2956:
2947:
2933:
2924:
2912:
2896:
2886:
2877:
2868:
2859:
2850:
2841:
2832:
2823:
2811:
2799:
2787:
2713:
2686:
2667:(2): 543–853.
2639:
2615:
2591:
2562:(2): R42–R44.
2542:
2517:
2496:
2493:on 2006-09-02.
2474:
2467:
2447:
2424:
2411:
2383:
2370:
2330:
2317:
2290:
2249:(2): 586–597.
2220:
2218:
2215:
2149:
2146:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2059:
1943:
1940:
1928:corticosterone
1903:
1900:
1849:
1846:
1814:
1811:
1789:
1788:Osmoregulation
1786:
1758:
1755:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1686:Carpathotriton
1682:
1675:
1667:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1544:Paramesotriton
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1469:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1420:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1068:
1026:
1025:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
989:Paramesotriton
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
910:
902:
884:in the family
877:
874:
809:
806:
796:
795:
790:
783:
782:
778:
771:
770:
766:
759:
758:
754:
747:
746:
745:
733:
732:
731:
730:
697:
694:
673:
670:
656:
655:
646:
645:
637:
636:
635:
634:
633:
561:
558:
449:"snake," from
420:Proto-Germanic
340:Middle English
302:
299:
231:
230:
216:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
126:
120:
119:
111:
110:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
40:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3228:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3196:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3174:
3173:Pleurodelinae
3169:
3165:
3164:
3146:
3140:
3126:
3120:
3106:on 2008-12-01
3105:
3101:
3095:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3041:
3035:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3000:
2991:
2982:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2951:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2928:
2919:
2917:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2890:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2783:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2717:
2702:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2629:. Caudata.org
2628:
2622:
2620:
2604:
2598:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2532:on 2013-07-23
2531:
2527:
2521:
2506:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2428:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2334:
2327:
2321:
2305:
2299:
2294:
2280:on 2017-02-02
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2183:emperor newts
2180:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2161:eastern newts
2158:
2154:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2137:bioindicators
2128:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2040:IUCN Red List
2037:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:fragmentation
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1936:adrenal gland
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:adrenal gland
1913:
1909:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1890:, as well as
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1795:
1794:eastern newts
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1767:buccal cavity
1764:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1672:Archaeotriton
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1649:Phylogenetics
1641:
1640:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1577:
1569:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1419:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1207:Notophthalmus
1201:
1200:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1092:Pleurodelini
1091:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1082:Pleurodelinae
1079:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1030:Hypselotriton
1023:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
997:
993:
991:
990:
986:
984:
983:
979:
977:
976:
972:
970:
969:
968:Notophthalmus
965:
963:
962:
958:
956:
955:
951:
949:
948:
944:
942:
941:
937:
935:
934:
930:
928:
927:
923:
920:
919:Hypselotriton
916:
915:
911:
909:
908:
904:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
890:Salamandrinae
887:
886:Salamandridae
883:
873:
871:
867:
866:garter snakes
863:
858:
854:
850:
846:
843:
839:
835:
827:
823:
819:
818:Pacific newts
814:
800:
787:
775:
763:
751:
741:
737:
729:
727:
726:metamorphosis
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:spermatophore
693:
691:
687:
686:differentiate
683:
679:
664:
660:
650:
641:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
599:
595:
594:Notophthalmus
591:
590:Eastern newts
587:
583:
582:Pacific newts
575:
571:
566:
557:
543:
539:
538:
533:
529:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
491:
486:
483:
478:
467:
466:
461:
457:
456:
452:
442:
438:
437:
432:
431:
426:
425:
421:
417:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:
392:
390:
386:
382:
381:
376:
375:Staffordshire
372:
368:
363:
357:
351:
345:
341:
336:
330:
325:
317:
313:
312:
307:
298:
296:
293:, has become
292:
288:
284:
283:fragmentation
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:Salamandridae
253:
249:
248:Pleurodelinae
246:
242:
238:
229:
227:
223:
217:
212:
209:
208:Pleurodelinae
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:Salamandridae
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
36:
33:
29:
22:
3148:. Retrieved
3139:
3128:. Retrieved
3119:
3108:. Retrieved
3104:the original
3094:
3083:. Retrieved
3073:
3055:
3044:. Retrieved
3034:
3015:
3009:
2999:
2990:
2981:
2972:
2950:
2927:
2899:
2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2705:. Retrieved
2664:
2660:
2631:. Retrieved
2607:. Retrieved
2559:
2555:
2545:
2534:. Retrieved
2530:the original
2520:
2509:. Retrieved
2499:
2491:the original
2486:
2477:
2457:
2450:
2432:
2427:
2414:
2406:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2338:John Wilkins
2333:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2293:
2282:. Retrieved
2275:the original
2246:
2242:
2207:banded newts
2176:
2151:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2052:
2048:palmate newt
2028:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1984:habitat loss
1979:
1971:
1968:Eastern newt
1963:
1957:
1905:
1869:
1851:
1843:
1838:microhabitat
1835:
1816:
1799:
1791:
1778:erythrocytes
1771:
1762:
1760:
1750:
1747:
1723:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1679:Brachycormus
1677:
1670:
1652:
1542:
1541:
1520:
1519:
1496:
1495:
1472:
1471:
1449:Ichthyosaura
1447:
1446:
1423:
1422:
1376:
1375:
1359:
1358:
1328:Ommatotriton
1326:
1325:
1309:
1308:
1266:
1265:
1227:
1226:
1205:
1204:
1151:Tylototriton
1149:
1148:
1134:Echinotriton
1132:
1131:
1103:
1102:
1080:
1065:
1045:Phylogenetic
1038:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1017:Tylototriton
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
975:Ommatotriton
973:
966:
959:
952:
945:
940:Ichthyosaura
938:
931:
926:Echinotriton
924:
918:
912:
905:
879:
861:
853:tetrodotoxin
844:
837:
831:
821:
798:
739:
723:
699:
675:
662:
659:eastern newt
628:
620:
606:
601:
598:ribbed newts
593:
585:
579:
535:
525:
521:
513:
505:
497:
495:
488:
484:
463:
459:
453:
440:
434:
428:
422:
413:
410:wall lizards
405:
401:
395:
393:
388:
384:
378:
370:
321:
309:
279:habitat loss
276:
264:metamorphose
258:, newts are
251:
247:
236:
234:
219:
207:
32:
2605:. Bbc.co.uk
2044:smooth newt
1976:smooth newt
1932:aldosterone
1920:nonylphenol
1819:acclimation
1757:Respiration
1751:T. carnifex
1720:Circulation
1693:Chelotriton
1498:Pachytriton
1268:Lissotriton
1105:Pleurodeles
996:Pleurodeles
982:Pachytriton
954:Lissotriton
882:subfamilies
876:Systematics
767:Young larva
696:Development
609:semiaquatic
602:Pleurodeles
550:"ribs" and
542:Michahelles
537:Pleurodeles
424:*agiþahsijǭ
324:Old English
311:Pleurodeles
260:semiaquatic
204:Subfamily:
124:Alpine newt
3205:Categories
3195:Amphibians
3150:2013-06-06
3130:2013-06-06
3110:2013-06-06
3085:2013-06-06
3046:2013-06-06
2707:2019-10-11
2633:2013-06-06
2609:2013-06-06
2536:2013-06-06
2511:2013-06-06
2400:*þahsjō(n)
2362:p. 63
2284:2016-08-29
2217:References
2022:, and the
2010:), or the
1898:activity.
1888:DNA repair
1854:vertebrate
1823:ectotherms
1772:A form of
1739:epicardial
1700:Koalliella
1661:. Several
1361:Calotriton
1194:Tarichina
907:Calotriton
864:newts are
621:Calotriton
607:Newts are
588:) and the
576:mountains.
532:Rafinesque
465:Stellagama
297:recently.
241:salamander
2909:0016-6480
2757:1932-6203
2310:9 October
2263:1055-7903
2191:leucistic
2181:species,
1992:pollution
1807:vasotocin
1802:prolactin
1474:Laotriton
1461:Cynopita
1425:Euproctus
1311:Neurergus
1061:Sirenidae
1059:, or the
1057:Proteidae
961:Neurergus
947:Laotriton
933:Euproctus
629:Euproctus
455:*h₁ogʷʰis
301:Etymology
287:pollution
245:subfamily
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
3063:Archived
2967:11142682
2894:292-302.
2775:26421432
2727:PLOS ONE
2681:21723399
2586:15668151
2438:Archived
2396:Eidechse
2344:(1668),
2271:18801447
2178:Triturus
1378:Triturus
1255:Molgina
1186:Molgini
1010:Triturus
888:, aside
808:Toxicity
574:Pyrenees
527:Triturus
518:Laurenti
506:Tritones
498:Tritones
490:wikt:olm
471:κορδύλος
430:Eidechse
224:and six
194:Family:
178:Amphibia
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
2766:4589347
2735:Bibcode
2564:Bibcode
2552:"Newts"
2381:(1818).
2364:: "the
2352:(1789)
2148:As pets
1908:Cadmium
1864:during
1862:meiosis
1858:mitosis
1782:hypoxia
1229:Taricha
1020:(incl.
1003:Taricha
917:(incl.
862:Taricha
847:of the
838:Taricha
822:Taricha
678:Caudata
586:Taricha
510:Tschudi
480:, from
460:stellio
418:, from
380:Macbeth
295:extinct
243:in the
214:Genera
188:Urodela
184:Order:
174:Class:
3181:Portal
2907:
2773:
2763:
2755:
2679:
2584:
2465:
2435:(1768)
2346:p. 161
2326:p. 321
2302:Anon.
2269:
2261:
1990:, and
1966:) and
1659:Eocene
1522:Cynops
1055:, the
914:Cynops
898:extant
834:toxins
715:larvae
623:) and
547:πλευρά
522:Triton
514:Triton
502:Triton
400:(also
362:ewt(e)
272:lizard
226:fossil
222:extant
220:14–17
3211:Newts
2657:(PDF)
2407:dehse
2354:p. 50
2278:(PDF)
2239:(PDF)
1922:, an
1041:clade
711:toads
707:frogs
690:tumor
682:cells
553:δῆλος
477:Molch
441:*agi-
436:Echse
415:āþexe
359:, or
356:evete
335:efeta
268:larva
239:is a
3016:2004
2905:ISSN
2771:PMID
2753:ISSN
2677:PMID
2582:PMID
2463:ISBN
2312:2013
2267:PMID
2259:ISSN
2209:and
2046:and
2020:IUCN
1950:The
1930:and
1892:DMC1
1886:and
1878:, a
1876:PCNA
1032:and
892:and
816:The
799:efts
657:The
568:The
446:ὄφις
433:and
402:awsk
389:newt
350:euft
329:efte
322:The
285:and
237:newt
49:PreꞒ
38:Newt
3020:doi
2761:PMC
2743:doi
2669:doi
2572:doi
2251:doi
2002:),
1860:to
1657:to
719:fry
709:or
663:eft
516:by
485:mol
406:esk
397:ask
385:eft
373:in
371:eft
344:eft
252:eft
28:EFT
3207::
3014:.
3008:.
2959:^
2936:^
2915:^
2814:^
2802:^
2790:^
2769:.
2759:.
2751:.
2741:.
2731:10
2729:.
2725:.
2689:^
2675:.
2665:61
2663:.
2659:.
2642:^
2618:^
2594:^
2580:.
2570:.
2560:15
2558:.
2554:.
2485:.
2340:,
2300:;
2265:.
2257:.
2247:49
2245:.
2241:.
2224:^
2213:.
2205:,
2201:,
2185:,
2175:,
2171:,
2167:,
2163:,
2159:,
2155:,
2141:pH
2057::
1986:,
1833:.
1745:.
1063:.
1043:.
487:,
404:,
353:,
332:,
281:,
235:A
99:Pg
3183::
3153:.
3133:.
3113:.
3088:.
3049:.
3028:.
3022::
2777:.
2745::
2737::
2710:.
2683:.
2671::
2636:.
2612:.
2588:.
2574::
2566::
2539:.
2514:.
2471:.
2422:.
2328:.
2314:.
2287:.
2253::
2189:(
2014:(
2006:(
1998:(
1978:(
1970:(
1962:(
1024:)
921:)
820:(
742:)
738:(
627:(
619:(
600:(
592:(
584:(
104:N
94:K
89:J
84:T
79:P
74:C
69:D
64:S
59:O
54:Ꞓ
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
