318:
2259:
179:
661:(formerly the New York Zoological Park) was designed along the lines of other cultural institutions in New York City, such as the American Museum of Natural History. The city provided the land for the new zoo and some funding for buildings and annual operating costs. WCS raised most of the funds for construction and operations from private donors, and selected the scientific and administrative personnel. Hornaday's tenure was very significant for conservation, but he encountered controversy after the exhibiting
745:, the first curator of birds at the Bronx Zoo, began a program of field research soon after the Bronx Zoo opened. His research on wild pheasants took him to Asia from 1908 to 1911 and resulted in a series of books on the birds. Beebe's field work also resulted in the creation of the Society's Department of Tropical Research, which Beebe directed from 1922 until his retirement in 1948. From 1930 to 1934, off of the coast of Bermuda, Beebe conducted research in an undersea vessel called the
2368:
241:
77:
36:
749:. The vessel made thirty-five dives in total, taking him half a mile deep and along the ocean floor. During the dives, Beebe made observations on bioluminescent fish, as well as identifying several new species. This expedition was significant, as it was the first time humans observed the bottom of the deep sea and its creatures in their natural habitat. The bathysphere is currently displayed at the
788:, who became director of the Bronx Zoo in 1962 and President of WCS in 1992. Active as a field biologist in Patagonia, Conway promoted a new vision of zoos as conservation organizations, which cooperated in breeding endangered species. He also designed new types of zoo exhibits aimed at teaching visitors about habitats that support wildlife, and encouraged the expansion of WCS's field programs.
586:
823:
Today, WCS is working in nearly fifty nations around the world on more than five hundred projects designed to help protect both wildlife and the habitats in which they live. These projects range from the conservation of gorillas in Africa, tigers in Asia, and macaws in South
America. In recent years,
909:
contains a high amount of biodiversity and is home to the world's largest and most elevated tropical islands. The program works both terrestrially and aquatically within the
Bismarck Solomon Seas Ecoregion and the Bismarck Forest Corridor. It strives to combine community involvement and conservation
642:
operated as the founding
Director and General Curator of the park itself. Together, these leaders wrote hundreds of works promoting preservationist values. According to environmental historian Miles A. Powell, their writings and arguments were foundational for conservation but partially motivated by
715:
in 1905. The Bronx Zoo sent 15 bison to
Wichita Reserve in 1907 and additional bison in later years. The saving of this uniquely American symbol is one of the great success stories in the history of wildlife conservation. Hornaday campaigned for wildlife protection throughout his thirty years as
784:'s seminal study of mountain gorillas in Congo. Following that expedition, Schaller went on to become recognized as one of the world's preeminent field biologist, studying wildlife throughout Africa, Asia, and South America. Conservation activities continued to expand under the leadership of
768:, Osborn embraced changes that represented new thinking within the organization. Guests were allowed to bring their own cameras into the Bronx Zoo. Beginning with the African Plains exhibit in 1941, animals were grouped by continents and ecosystems, rather than genetic orders and families.
702:
In 1897, Hornaday hired field researcher Andrew J. Stone to survey the condition of wildlife in the territory of Alaska. On the basis of these studies, Hornaday led the campaign for new laws to protect the wildlife there and the United States as a whole. In 1901, a small herd of
739:. Together, they succeeded in convincing legislators to preserve many redwoods by comparing the trees to a race in danger. Local communities sometimes saw the attitudes of Grant, Osborn, and Hornaday as being elitist compared to those of poorer citizens and nonwhite citizens.
590:
588:
796:, the Bronx Zoo opened its World of Darkness for nocturnal species in 1969 and its World of Birds for avian displays in 1974. Eventually, New York City turned to WCS to renew and manage three city-run facilities in Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens. The redesigned
824:
WCS has actively worked in conflict areas like
Afghanistan, South Sudan, and Myanmar, where agreements on wildlife resources have contributed to peace and stability. More than 4 million people visit WCS's wildlife parks in New York City each year.
589:
771:
After World War II, under the leadership of Osborn, the organization extended its programs in field biology and conservation. In 1946, WCS helped found the
Jackson Hole Wildlife Park, which later became part of
685:), carried out a direct-mail survey of wildlife conditions through the United States and publicized the decline of birds and mammals in the organization's annual reports. He was a prolific writer who published
791:
During the 1960s and 1970s, the WCS took a leadership role in pioneering zoological exhibitions by seeking to recreate natural environments for the animals on display. Under the leadership of WCS director
860:
Below are two examples of where WCS works around the world. WCS's global conservation approach is designed around landscapes and seascapes where "nature is strong: where ecological integrity is high."
552:), the global conservation organization is, as of April 2, 2024, led by Interim President and CEO Robb Menzi. WCS manages four New York City wildlife parks in addition to the Bronx Zoo: the
2407:
1888:
587:
711:
roadway. Starting in 1905, Hornaday led a national campaign to reintroduce the almost extinct bison to government sponsored refuges. Hornaday, Theodore
Roosevelt and others formed the
844:
of the New York area in 1609, prior to colonization. The project illustrates the fifty-five different ecosystems that existed in the region through digital reconstructions. The
1630:
1929:
873:
Ministry of
Environment and Forests, WCS launched a program to create the 372,470 hectare Makira Forest Protected Area. In 2017, WCS partnered with carbon-reduction platform
1301:
2412:
1166:
1588:
2427:
1645:
1128:
2437:
2095:
602:
on April 26, 1895. Then known as the New York
Zoological (also reported as "Zoölogical") Society, the organization embraced a mandate to advance native
98:
91:
889:
The
Wildlife Conservation Society's Melanesia Program focuses on conservation in the Melanesian region of Oceania. The program works specifically in
2397:
1344:
610:, and create a first-class zoological park that would be free to the public. Its name was changed to the Wildlife Conservation Society in 1993.
2188:
49:
1098:
141:
2422:
2213:
476:
113:
643:
racial discrimination, hyper masculinity, and an association between protecting the nation's wildlife and the nation's white population.
17:
2417:
2402:
1873:
2104:
1108:
120:
1416:
2088:
687:
2392:
2198:
2148:
127:
2007:
1378:
776:
in 1962. In the late 1950s, WCS began a series of wildlife surveys and projects in Kenya, Tanganyika (now Tanzania), Uganda,
109:
2343:
2143:
2081:
1653:
809:
623:
261:
55:
1825:
1742:
568:. Together these parks receive 4 million visitors per year. All of the New York City facilities are accredited by the
1965:
1617:
569:
297:
279:
222:
200:
160:
63:
193:
1716:
1728:
852:,overlaid onto a map of the world. This data is used to map wild areas, as well as natural resource distribution.
699:, in particular, revealed an association between species extinction and the decline of the white race in America.
2123:
1500:
257:
2356:
2133:
250:
2432:
2233:
2158:
635:
533:
1250:
2371:
2298:
2273:
2248:
2178:
2153:
134:
1976:
764:
was elected as executive committee chairman. A best-selling writer on conservation and son of WCS founder
2361:
2228:
2193:
2118:
1467:
544:, that states its mission as saving "wildlife and wild places across the globe". Founded in 1895 as the
2243:
2138:
1676:
757:
1518:"Preliminary Account of Deep Sea Dives in the Bathysphere with Especial Reference to One of 2200 Feet"
2000:
911:
773:
627:
2183:
2173:
1401:
736:
187:
317:
1434:
1255:
678:
651:
639:
572:(AZA). WCS has a global program doing conservation work on the ground in more than 50 countries.
452:
87:
2278:
2203:
2128:
1103:
765:
712:
619:
530:
366:
204:
2327:
2310:
2283:
2258:
2223:
732:
708:
650:, founder of the Audubon Society and editor of Forest and Stream Magazine and members of the
603:
1985:
2208:
2163:
1993:
1529:
761:
647:
611:
403:
398:
361:
1370:
Vanishing America : species extinction, racial peril, and the origins of conservation
8:
2322:
2293:
2288:
1413:
878:
2073:
1533:
1302:"Liberal, progressive — and racist? The Sierra Club faces its white-supremacist history"
1560:
1517:
1327:
1093:
841:
833:
2062:
2041:
1712:
1684:
1613:
1565:
1547:
1475:
1442:
1384:
1374:
1037:
1010:
805:
793:
785:
750:
561:
557:
464:
2036:
1849:
1610:
Gathering of Animals: An Unconventional History of the New York Zoological Society.
1583:
1555:
1537:
979:
915:
894:
845:
837:
797:
725:
599:
553:
429:
1980:
1904:
1420:
1284:
1207:
898:
877:
to allow users to fund ongoing carbon-reduction projects directly supporting the
849:
781:
256:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
728:, in a zoo exhibit. In July 2020, the Wildlife Conservation Society apologized.
638:, acted as the society's secretary and the chairman of the executive committee.
2305:
1522:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
919:
704:
615:
2386:
1709:
A Different Nature: The Paradoxical World of Zoos and Their Uncertain Future.
1688:
1551:
1479:
1446:
1388:
742:
631:
541:
371:
808:
in 1993. From 1994 through 1996 Archie Carr III of WCS helped establish the
1569:
1251:"Gov. Morton Signs the Bill Providing for a Zoological Garden in This City"
666:
598:
The Wildlife Conservation Society was originally chartered by the state of
1542:
2218:
874:
746:
2168:
2046:
1329:
The passing of the great race; or, The racial basis of European history
1062:
870:
801:
565:
2031:
1889:
Cool-Effect-Partners-with-WCS-to-Save-Madagascars-Makira-Natural-Park
1368:
990:
984:
960:
955:
906:
717:
682:
662:
658:
537:
421:
384:
76:
2315:
1973:
1283:
New York Zoological Society.; Society, New York Zoological (1896).
1282:
1192:
1015:
777:
1781:
1223:
1142:
1826:"Last of the Wild (Geographic), v2: Last of the Wild, v2 | SEDAC"
902:
646:
Other notable figures involved in the Society's creation include
607:
408:
1930:"WCS Milestones In Marine Research & Conservation 1895-2017"
1805:
716:
director of the Bronx Zoo. Beginning in 1906, Hornaday featured
1757:
1067:
817:
813:
780:, Sudan, Burma, and the Malay peninsula. In 1959, it sponsored
1677:"William Conway, Who Reimagined America's Zoos, Is Dead at 91"
2015:
721:
425:
2408:
Nature conservation organizations based in the United States
1343:
Park, New York Zoological; Hornaday, William Temple (1913).
693:
Our Vanishing Wildlife: It's Extermination and Preservation,
890:
707:
were gathered in a 20-acre meadow just off what is now the
614:
was the first president of the society but was replaced by
910:
rooted in science to resolve issues such as habitat loss,
2103:
681:, then director of the New York Zoological Park (now the
832:
WCS has backed numerous digital projects, including the
1414:
William Temple Hornaday: Visionary of the National Zoo
1346:
Popular Official Guide to the New York Zoological Park
249:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
1958:
1874:"Pivoting from Paris to Madagascar on Climate Change"
1468:"Racist Incident From Bronx Zoo's Past Draws Apology"
498:
1167:"Monica Medina Steps Down as WCS President and CEO"
1129:"Wildlife Conservation Society - GuideStar Profile"
2413:Environmental organizations based in New York City
1402:William Temple Hornaday: Saving the American Bison
735:, another eugenics supporter, in 1918 to form the
2428:Wildlife rehabilitation and conservation centers
2384:
1966:Champion Of Wildlife; Zoological Society at 100
1366:
1332:. University of Michigan. New York, C. Scribner.
1286:Annual report of the New York Zoological Society
848:is a dataset showing different areas' relative
840:. The Manhatta Project is an initiative on the
479:(Interim President and Chief Executive Officer)
2189:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1099:Climate, Community & Biodiversity Alliance
731:Madison Grant and Osborn worked together with
618:after Green resigned due to declining health.
2089:
2001:
1646:"Heroes of the Environment: George Schaller"
1342:
2438:Non-profit organizations based in the Bronx
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2096:
2082:
2008:
1994:
1612:Harper & Row Publishers. pp. 450-453.
1211:Association of Zoos and Aquariums, aza.org
1188:
1186:
27:Conservation organization in New York City
1559:
1541:
1109:List of nature conservation organizations
855:
298:Learn how and when to remove this message
280:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
1711:University of California Press. p. 105.
584:
186:This article includes a list of general
2398:1895 establishments in New York (state)
1674:
1208:"List of Accredited Zoos and Aquariums"
1183:
864:
688:The Extermination of the American Bison
515:New York Zoological Society (1895–1993)
14:
2385:
2199:Natural Resources Conservation Service
2149:Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
1465:
1432:
760:was elected president of the NYZS and
97:Please improve this article by adding
2105:Conservation organisations and groups
2077:
1989:
1643:
1515:
1498:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1325:
1299:
1289:. Vol. 1. New York: The Society.
1278:
1276:
1274:
1850:"Nature's Strongholds - WCS.org"
1806:"Manhatta – Landscape Visualization"
1245:
1243:
884:
234:
172:
70:
29:
2423:Wildlife conservation organizations
2344:List of environmental organizations
2144:Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust
869:In 2001, in collaboration with the
827:
634:, popular eugenicist and author of
24:
1897:
1353:
1336:
1271:
810:Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary
624:American Museum of Natural History
192:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2449:
2418:Organizations established in 1895
2403:Animal conservation organizations
1950:
1644:Walsh, Brian (October 17, 2007).
1240:
570:Association of Zoos and Aquariums
45:This article has multiple issues.
2367:
2366:
2257:
800:opened in 1988, followed by the
350:(as New York Zoological Society)
316:
260:. Please discuss further on the
239:
177:
75:
34:
2124:Australian Wildlife Conservancy
1922:
1882:
1866:
1842:
1818:
1798:
1774:
1750:
1736:
1722:
1701:
1668:
1637:
1623:
1602:
1576:
1516:Beebe, William (January 1933).
1509:
1502:The Bird: Its Form and Function
1492:
1459:
1426:
1407:
1395:
1319:
1300:Fears, Darryl (July 22, 2020).
677:In the late nineteenth century
110:"Wildlife Conservation Society"
53:or discuss these issues on the
2357:Index of conservation articles
2134:Bombay Natural History Society
1892:WCS Newsroom, newsroom.wcs.org
1349:. New York zoological society.
1293:
1216:
1201:
1159:
1135:
1121:
13:
1:
2393:Wildlife Conservation Society
2239:Wildlife Conservation Society
2234:Wildlife Conservation Network
2159:Fauna and Flora International
2018:Wildlife Conservation Society
1909:Wildlife Conservation Society
1114:
1022:1957 (Coney Island location)
1020:1896 (Battery Park location)
925:
756:During the World War II era,
636:The Passing of The Great Race
622:, who was the curator of the
534:non-governmental organization
523:Wildlife Conservation Society
311:Wildlife Conservation Society
99:secondary or tertiary sources
2274:Community-based conservation
2249:Zoological Society of London
2179:National Wildlife Federation
2154:Frankfurt Zoological Society
1466:Jacobs, Julia (2020-07-29).
1433:Keller, Mitch (2006-08-06).
594:Tour through Bronx Zoo, 1950
7:
2362:List of conservation issues
2229:The Conservation Volunteers
2194:Marine Conservation Society
2119:American Prairie Foundation
1675:Roberts, Sam (2021-11-05).
1267:– via Newspapers.com.
1259:. April 27, 1895. p. 7
1213:, accessed 23 November 2020
1198:, accessed 23 November 2020
1087:
816:, a reserve for endangered
580:
546:New York Zoological Society
18:New York Zoological Society
10:
2454:
2244:World Wide Fund for Nature
2139:Conservation International
836:/Welikia Project, and the
758:Henry Fairfield Osborn, Jr
630:, was Morton's successor.
575:
2352:
2336:
2266:
2255:
2111:
2055:
2024:
1830:sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu
1608:Bridges, William (1974).
1367:Powell, Miles A. (2016).
912:environmental degradation
774:Grand Teton National Park
628:American Eugenics Society
509:
493:
483:
470:
458:
446:
436:
417:
391:
380:
354:
335:
327:
315:
2184:National Audubon Society
2174:Malaysian Nature Society
1707:Hancocks, David (2002).
1589:History Of Diving Museum
1435:"The Scandal at the Zoo"
737:Save-The-Redwoods-League
695:among many other texts.
1782:"E-Media Kit - WCS.org"
1631:"National Park Service"
1499:Beebe, William (1906).
1423:Smithsonian Institution
1404:Smithsonian Institution
1326:Grant, Madison (1916).
1224:"E-Media Kit - WCS.org"
1143:"E-Media Kit - WCS.org"
679:William Temple Hornaday
672:
652:Boone and Crockett Club
640:William Temple Hornaday
626:and the founder of the
606:, promote the study of
453:Alejandro Santo Domingo
387:non-profit organization
341:; 129 years ago
207:more precise citations.
2279:Conservation community
2204:The Nature Conservancy
2129:BirdLife International
1104:American Bison Society
968:1899 (Founded by WCS)
856:International projects
766:Henry Fairfield Osborn
713:American Bison Society
697:Our Vanishing Wildlife
620:Henry Fairfield Osborn
595:
86:relies excessively on
2328:Wildlife conservation
2284:Conservation movement
2224:The Conservation Fund
1732:nyzoosandaquarium.com
1543:10.1073/pnas.19.1.178
604:wildlife conservation
593:
536:headquartered at the
258:neutral point of view
2433:Zoological societies
2164:Friends of the Earth
1758:"Our Work - WCS.org"
1743:Congo Gorilla Forest
865:Makira National Park
762:Laurance Rockefeller
648:George Bird Grinnell
399:Species conservation
322:Logo used since 2015
2323:Restoration ecology
2294:Marine conservation
2289:Nature conservation
1877:Scientific American
1729:About the City Zoos
1656:on October 21, 2007
1534:1933PNAS...19..178B
1306:The Washington Post
1002:6.5 acres (2.6 ha)
971:265 acres (107 ha)
931:
879:Makira Natural Park
669:(Congo pygmy) man.
339:April 26, 1895
312:
1979:2001-07-21 at the
1974:21st Century Tiger
1968:The New York Times
1681:The New York Times
1472:The New York Times
1439:The New York Times
1419:2008-06-15 at the
1094:21st Century Tiger
1078:18 acres (7.3 ha)
1054:12 acres (4.9 ha)
1029:14 acres (5.7 ha)
950:Number of Species
930:
842:historical ecology
834:Mannahatta Project
720:, a member of the
596:
310:
2380:
2379:
2071:
2070:
2063:New York Aquarium
2042:Prospect Park Zoo
1879:, 5 December 2015
1380:978-0-674-97295-7
1085:
1084:
1045:1890 (menagerie)
1038:Prospect Park Zoo
1011:New York Aquarium
885:Melanesia Program
806:Prospect Park Zoo
794:William G. Conway
786:William G. Conway
751:New York Aquarium
591:
562:Prospect Park Zoo
558:New York Aquarium
519:
518:
465:Hamilton E. James
308:
307:
300:
290:
289:
282:
253:with its subject.
233:
232:
225:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
2445:
2370:
2369:
2261:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2037:Central Park Zoo
2010:
2003:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1962:
1961:
1959:Official website
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1934:newsroom.wcs.org
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1880:
1872:Cristián Samper
1870:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1754:
1748:
1740:
1734:
1726:
1720:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1652:. Archived from
1641:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1621:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1545:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1430:
1424:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1364:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1171:newsroom.wcs.org
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1125:
980:Central Park Zoo
932:
929:
916:overexploitation
895:Papua New Guinea
846:Last of the Wild
838:Last of the Wild
828:Digital projects
804:in 1992 and the
798:Central Park Zoo
592:
554:Central Park Zoo
505:
502:
500:
349:
347:
342:
320:
313:
309:
303:
296:
285:
278:
274:
271:
265:
251:close connection
243:
242:
235:
228:
221:
217:
214:
208:
203:this article by
194:inline citations
181:
180:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2348:
2332:
2262:
2253:
2107:
2102:
2072:
2067:
2051:
2020:
2014:
1981:Wayback Machine
1957:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1887:
1883:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1856:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1766:
1764:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1723:
1706:
1702:
1693:
1691:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1514:
1510:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1482:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1449:
1431:
1427:
1421:Wayback Machine
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1381:
1365:
1354:
1341:
1337:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1298:
1294:
1281:
1272:
1262:
1260:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1206:
1202:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1090:
928:
899:Solomon Islands
887:
867:
858:
850:Human Footprint
830:
782:George Schaller
733:John C. Merriam
675:
612:Andrew H. Green
585:
583:
578:
512:
511:Formerly called
497:
486:
473:
461:
449:
439:
432:, United States
424:
413:
376:
367:Henry F. Osborn
362:Andrew H. Green
345:
343:
340:
323:
304:
293:
292:
291:
286:
275:
269:
266:
255:
244:
240:
229:
218:
212:
209:
199:Please help to
198:
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
96:
92:primary sources
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2306:Protected area
2303:
2302:
2301:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1963:
1952:
1951:External links
1949:
1946:
1945:
1921:
1896:
1881:
1865:
1841:
1817:
1797:
1773:
1749:
1735:
1721:
1700:
1667:
1636:
1622:
1601:
1575:
1528:(1): 178–188.
1508:
1491:
1458:
1425:
1406:
1394:
1379:
1352:
1335:
1318:
1292:
1270:
1239:
1215:
1200:
1182:
1158:
1134:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
987:
982:
976:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
958:
952:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
936:
927:
924:
920:climate-change
886:
883:
866:
863:
857:
854:
829:
826:
709:Pelham Parkway
705:American Bison
674:
671:
582:
579:
577:
574:
529:) is a global
517:
516:
513:
510:
507:
506:
495:
491:
490:
487:
484:
481:
480:
474:
471:
468:
467:
462:
459:
456:
455:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
437:
434:
433:
419:
415:
414:
412:
411:
406:
401:
395:
393:
389:
388:
382:
378:
377:
375:
374:
369:
364:
358:
356:
352:
351:
337:
333:
332:
329:
325:
324:
321:
306:
305:
288:
287:
247:
245:
238:
231:
230:
213:September 2015
185:
183:
176:
169:
168:
151:September 2015
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2450:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2373:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:Organisations
2110:
2106:
2099:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2011:
2006:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1954:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1807:
1801:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1626:
1619:
1618:0-06-010472-4
1615:
1611:
1605:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1584:"Bathysphere"
1579:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1503:
1495:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1244:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1212:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
992:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
973:
970:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
949:
946:
943:
941:Year Founded
940:
937:
934:
933:
923:
921:
917:
913:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
882:
880:
876:
872:
862:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
825:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
752:
748:
744:
743:William Beebe
740:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
710:
706:
700:
698:
694:
690:
689:
684:
680:
670:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
644:
641:
637:
633:
632:Madison Grant
629:
625:
621:
617:
616:Levi P Morton
613:
609:
605:
601:
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
542:New York City
539:
535:
532:
528:
524:
514:
508:
504:
496:
492:
488:
482:
478:
475:
469:
466:
463:
457:
454:
451:
445:
441:
435:
431:
427:
423:
420:
416:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
373:
372:Madison Grant
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
357:
353:
338:
334:
330:
326:
319:
314:
302:
299:
284:
281:
273:
263:
259:
254:
252:
246:
237:
236:
227:
224:
216:
206:
202:
196:
195:
189:
184:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
94:
93:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2238:
2214:Sea Shepherd
2017:
2016:Zoos of the
1967:
1937:. Retrieved
1933:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1908:
1899:
1894:15 June 2017
1891:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1857:. Retrieved
1853:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:
1820:
1809:. Retrieved
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1776:
1765:. Retrieved
1761:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:0-52023676-9
1708:
1703:
1692:. Retrieved
1680:
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1654:the original
1649:
1639:
1625:
1609:
1604:
1593:. Retrieved
1587:
1578:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1494:
1483:. Retrieved
1471:
1461:
1450:. Retrieved
1438:
1428:
1409:
1397:
1369:
1345:
1338:
1328:
1321:
1311:February 19,
1309:. Retrieved
1305:
1295:
1285:
1261:. Retrieved
1254:
1231:. Retrieved
1227:
1218:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1174:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:
1137:
1123:
1046:
1021:
994:
974:Approx. 650
888:
868:
859:
831:
822:
790:
770:
755:
741:
730:
701:
696:
692:
686:
676:
656:
645:
597:
549:
545:
526:
522:
520:
418:Headquarters
404:Conservation
328:Abbreviation
294:
276:
267:
248:
219:
210:
191:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
2219:Sierra Club
1914:22 November
1905:"Melanesia"
1854:www.wcs.org
1786:www.wcs.org
1762:www.wcs.org
1263:January 20,
1228:www.wcs.org
1147:www.wcs.org
1047:1935 (zoo)
995:1934 (zoo)
944:Joined WCS
875:Cool Effect
747:bathysphere
205:introducing
2387:Categories
2267:Key topics
2169:Greenpeace
2047:Queens Zoo
1939:2022-08-14
1859:2024-07-01
1835:2022-04-21
1811:2022-04-21
1791:2024-07-01
1767:2022-04-21
1694:2022-04-21
1595:2022-04-21
1505:. H. Holt.
1485:2020-07-30
1452:2022-02-15
1233:2024-07-01
1193:"About Us"
1176:2023-08-02
1152:2024-07-01
1115:References
1063:Queens Zoo
926:Facilities
871:Madagascar
802:Queens Zoo
566:Queens Zoo
477:Robb Menzi
472:Key people
460:Vice chair
346:1895-04-26
188:references
121:newspapers
88:references
50:improve it
2056:Aquariums
2032:Bronx Zoo
1689:0362-4331
1552:0027-8424
1480:0362-4331
1447:0362-4331
1389:973532814
1042:Brooklyn
991:menagerie
985:Manhattan
956:Bronx Zoo
907:Melanesia
724:from the
718:Ota Benga
683:Bronx Zoo
663:Ota Benga
659:Bronx Zoo
538:Bronx Zoo
531:501(c)(3)
442:Worldwide
422:Bronx Zoo
385:501(c)(3)
336:Formation
270:July 2023
262:talk page
56:talk page
2372:Category
2316:30 by 30
2299:activism
2209:Panthera
1977:Archived
1570:16587738
1417:Archived
1088:See also
1016:Brooklyn
938:Borough
778:Ethiopia
600:New York
581:Founding
430:New York
355:Founders
2337:Related
1746:WCS.org
1660:July 2,
1561:1085903
1530:Bibcode
1256:The Sun
1196:WCS.org
903:Vanuatu
818:jaguars
608:zoology
576:History
494:Website
485:Staff
438:Region
409:Ecology
392:Purpose
344: (
201:improve
135:scholar
2311:marine
1715:
1687:
1616:
1568:
1558:
1550:
1478:
1445:
1387:
1377:
1068:Queens
989:1864 (
918:, and
901:, and
814:Belize
190:, but
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1075:1988
1072:1968
1051:1993
1026:1902
999:1988
965:1899
961:Bronx
947:Size
935:Name
726:Congo
722:Mbuti
667:Mbuti
489:3,700
448:Chair
426:Bronx
142:JSTOR
128:books
2025:Zoos
1916:2019
1713:ISBN
1685:ISSN
1662:2024
1650:Time
1614:ISBN
1566:PMID
1548:ISSN
1476:ISSN
1443:ISSN
1385:OCLC
1375:ISBN
1313:2022
1265:2023
1081:75+
1057:176
1032:266
1005:163
891:Fiji
691:and
673:Work
665:, a
657:The
564:and
550:NYZS
521:The
503:.org
501:.wcs
381:Type
114:news
1556:PMC
1538:doi
812:in
540:in
527:WCS
499:www
331:WCS
90:to
2389::
1932:.
1907:.
1852:.
1828:.
1784:.
1760:.
1683:.
1679:.
1648:.
1586:.
1564:.
1554:.
1546:.
1536:.
1526:19
1524:.
1520:.
1474:.
1470:.
1441:.
1437:.
1383:.
1373:.
1355:^
1304:.
1273:^
1253:.
1242:^
1226:.
1185:^
1169:.
1145:.
993:)
922:.
914:,
905:.
897:,
893:,
881:.
820:.
753:.
654:.
560:,
556:,
428:,
101:.
59:.
2097:e
2090:t
2083:v
2009:e
2002:t
1995:v
1942:.
1918:.
1862:.
1838:.
1814:.
1794:.
1770:.
1719:.
1697:.
1664:.
1633:.
1620:.
1598:.
1572:.
1540::
1532::
1488:.
1455:.
1391:.
1315:.
1236:.
1179:.
1155:.
1131:.
548:(
525:(
348:)
301:)
295:(
283:)
277:(
272:)
268:(
264:.
226:)
220:(
215:)
211:(
197:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
95:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg){kind=logo}