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371:
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117:
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140:
25:
781:, sandstones, shales, volcanoclastic strata, and igneous rocks; upper Paleozoic to Triassic sandstones and shales; Jurassic to lower Cretaceous turbidites; and upper Cretaceous to Pliocene sandstones and shales. The De Long Islands consist of early Paleozoic, middle Paleozoic, Cretaceous, and Neogene sedimentary and igneous (mostly
808:
them, and other articles were written by explorers and ivory hunters untrained in either geology or other sciences. Such statements have been shown to be fictional in nature by detailed studies of the geology of the New
Siberian Islands by professional geologists, paleontologists, and other scientists.
471:
807:
bones and tusks or of ice, sand, and the bones of mammoths and other extinct megafauna. Some of these papers were written by persons (e.g. D. Gath
Whitley) who had never visited the New Siberian Islands and relied upon anecdotes of traders and travelers and local folklore for their descriptions of
438:
Toll paid a further visit to the island group in the spring of 1892, accompanied by one
Cossack and three natives. He traveled over the ice in sleds drawn by dogs and reached the south coast of Great Lyakhovsky Island. Along the southern coast of this island he found well-preserved bones, ivory,
945:
Temperature in July: At the coasts icy Arctic water keeps the temperatures relatively low. Average maximum temperatures from +8 °C to +11 °C and average minimum temperatures from -3 °C to +1 °C. In the interior of the islands the average maximum temperatures in July are
665:. At this plain's greatest extent, sea level was 100–120 m below modern sea-level and the coastline lay 700 to 1000 kilometers north of its current position. This plain did not undergo extensive glaciation during the Late Pleistocene or the Last Glacial Maximum because it lay in the
2145:. Abtheilung III: Die fossilen Eislager und ihre Beziehungen su den Mammuthleichen. Memoires de L'Academie imperials des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, VII Serie, Tome XLII, No. 13, Commissionnaires de l'Academie Impériale des sciences, St. Petersbourg, Russia.
2275:- free, downloadable research reports on the biology, geology, oceanography, hydrology, paleontology, paleoclimatology, fauna, flora, soils, cryology, and so forth of the New Siberian Islands, Laptev Sea, and other parts of the Arctic Circle.
835:
and river beds. The New
Siberian Islands are unique in the burial and preservation of fossil ivory "in such a wonderful state of preservation that the tusks so found cannot be distinguished from the very best and purest ivory".
969:
The ocean surrounding the islands is covered with ice most of the year. During warm years, the ocean briefly opens for navigation July through
October. During cold years, islands may remain ice-locked through the summer.
2167:
P. A. Nikolskiy, L.D. Sulerzhitsky, and V. V. Pitulko, 2010, "Last straw versus
Blitzkrieg overkill: Climate-driven changes in the Arctic Siberian mammoth population and the Late Pleistocene extinction problem".
2342:, 144 KB PDF file, The World of Elephants - International Congress, Rome 2001. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Centro di Studio per il Quaternario e l'Evoluzione Ambientale, Università di Roma, Roma, Italy.
2143:
Wissenschaftliche
Resultate der von der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zur Erforschung des Janalandes und der Neusibirischen Inseln in den Jahren 1885 und 1886 ausgesandten Expedition.
653:(Late Weichselian Epoch). These islands represent the remains of about 1.6 million square kilometers of the formerly subaerial Great Arctic Plain that now lies submerged below parts of the
2272:
1879:
A. A. Andreev, G. Grosse, L. Schirrmeister, S. A. Kuzmina, E. Y. Novenko, A. A. Bobrov, P. E. Tarasov, B. P. Ilyashuk, T. V. Kuznetsova, M. Krbetschek, H. Meyer, and V. V. Kunitsky, 2004,
1704:
1716:
503:(земля́ Бу́нге) 6,200 km (occasionally submerged by sea) links Kotelny Island and Faddeyevsky Island. Very close to Bunge Land's northwestern coast lie two smaller islands:
1768:
693:. The sea submerged the Great Arctic Plain (except for the New Siberian and other isolated islands) within a relatively short time span of 7,000 years during the Early–Middle
2667:
669:
of the
Northern European ice sheet. During the frigid polar climate of the Last Glacial Maximum, 17,000 to 24,000 BC, small passive ice caps formed on the adjacent
1744:
417:
went to the New
Siberian Islands on a cartographic expedition. Sannikov reported the sighting of a "new land" north of Kotelny in 1811. This became the myth of
2367:
431:, during his first visit to the New Siberian Islands, thought that he had seen an unknown land north of Kotelny Island. He guessed that this was the so-called
1728:
1668:
46:
506:
Zheleznyakov Island (Ostrov
Zheleznyakova), right off the NW cape and east of it, Matar Island (Ostrov Matar). Both islands have a length of about 5 km.
2689:
1656:
186:
799:
Digby also noted that some early papers published about the New Siberian Islands incorrectly describe them, often along with other Arctic islands (e.g.
1925:
2009:
32nd International Arctic Workshop, Program and Abstracts 2002. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, pp 23–25.
973:
Polar night conditions are present November through February, and, conversely, the Sun remains above the horizon continuously during summer months.
1692:
1680:
4486:
4441:
2241:
2894:
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The New Siberian Islands are low-lying. Their highest point is located on Bennett island, with an elevation of 426 m. They are part of the
2330:
4168:
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2697:
132:
2306:
33:
1756:
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The New Siberian Islands once formed major hills within the Great Arctic Plain that covered the northern part of Late Pleistocene "
544:
is a small island located due north off the northern bay formed by Kotelny and Bunge. It is C-shaped and only 4 km in length,
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4161:
4047:
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4156:
4090:
1953:
4151:
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2128:
625:
2352:
2339:
2189:
516:
4144:
4139:
4085:
1882:
Late Saalian and Eemian palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Laptev Sea region, Arctic Siberia)
2293:
examination of reports of a 90-foot fossil plum tree being found in Great Lyakhovsky Island of the New Siberian Islands.
4013:
2887:
2675:
4095:
2154:
A. M. Ivanova, V. Ushakov, G. A. Cherkashov, and A. N. Smirnov, 1999, "Placer Minerals of the Russian Arctic Shelf".
2070:"Middle Cretaceous to Eopleistocene Sequences on the New Siberian Islands: an approach to interpret offshore seismic"
4110:
4100:
4042:
4020:
4003:
3998:
3917:
2382:
2284:
Science Briefs (August 1999). Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York. Last visited July 12, 2008.
4120:
3949:
3815:
3729:
3679:
2124:"Palaeoclimate Reconstruction on Big Lyakhovsky Island, North Siberia—Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Ice Wedges"
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1818:
546:
but its geographical importance lies in the fact that it is the northernmost island of the New Siberian group.
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4374:
4359:
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4407:
4059:
3689:
3416:
3121:
2641:
2496:
2088:
2074:
1900:
New data about the construction of Quaternary deposits on Bol’shoy Lyakhovsky Island (Novosibirsky Islands)
882:
demonstrate that they accumulated over a period of some 200,000 years. Radiocarbon dates obtained from the
4461:
3546:
2375:
2021:
Lost world: Late Quaternary environment of periglacial Arctic shelves and coastal lowlands in NE-Siberia.
949:
4471:
3724:
3709:
3007:
2992:
2501:
2320:
2106:
1992:
Paleogeography and geochronology in the Russian eastern Arctic during the second half of the Quaternary
266:
2069:
4105:
4037:
4008:
3993:
3734:
3659:
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2302:
32nd Annual Arctic Workshop Abstracts, March 14–16, 2002, INSTAAR, University of Colorado at Boulder.
574:
3694:
3611:
3194:
2907:
1710:
Strizhov Island, a small rock island at southwest tip of Belkovsky Island (75°18’40‘‘N, 135°28’52E)
820:
in his account of the New Siberian Islands, sizeable and economically significant accumulations of
2872:
4341:
4032:
3939:
3616:
3326:
3321:
2441:
2311:
Journal for the American Institute for Conservation. vol. 32, no. 3, Article 3, pp. 241–248.
403:
307:
38:
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2004:
4318:
4125:
3719:
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915:
875:
580:
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4275:
4195:
3838:
3739:
3348:
2571:
2531:
1722:
Bennett Island (De Long Islands) between Cape Sophia and Cape Emmelin (76°41‘37‘‘N, 149°20‘E)
705:
As noted by Digby and numerous later publications, this archipelago consists of a mixture of
639:
375:
2308:
The history and significance of the Schreger Pattern in Proboscidean ivory characterization.
402:, in the beginning of the 18th century. In 1712, a Cossack unit led by M. Vagin reached the
4285:
3261:
2979:
2626:
2362:
650:
567:
2105:
V. M. Makeyev, D. P. Ponomareva, V. V. Pitulko, G. M. Chernova and D. V. Solovyeva, 2003,
8:
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3512:
3343:
3204:
3150:
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3002:
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2636:
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911:
871:
414:
1902:. Science College Report, Geological-Geographical Serie no. 2, pp. 243–248. (in Russian)
4222:
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3130:
3052:
3012:
2987:
2771:
2611:
2536:
2521:
2491:
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and underground ice are very common. The surface of the islands is covered with Arctic
867:
847:, in which they are encased. The permafrost periodically developed in Late Pleistocene
592:
496:
383:
257:
2024:
2nd International Alfred Wegener Symposium Bremerhaven, October 30 – November 2, 2005.
370:
4303:
3922:
3749:
3714:
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3570:
3551:
3360:
3187:
2947:
2791:
2766:
2705:
2621:
1590:
1542:
946:+16 °C to +19 °C and average minimum temperatures +3 °C to +6 °C.
658:
355:
174:
2177:
4384:
4379:
4369:
4298:
3975:
3929:
3872:
3801:
3664:
3558:
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3485:
3338:
3285:
3224:
2761:
2756:
2631:
2616:
2436:
2431:
2173:
729:
728:. The Lyakhovsky Islands consist of a folded and faulted assemblage of Precambrian
713:
678:
674:
613:
607:
586:
555:
440:
439:
peat, wood, and even a tree within 40-meter (130-foot) high sea cliffs that expose
86:
2288:
796:
that range in thickness from a fraction of a meter to about 35 meters (115 feet).
4270:
3771:
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3744:
3699:
3649:
3589:
3531:
3492:
3480:
3473:
3382:
3199:
3182:
3157:
2851:
2841:
2836:
2811:
2781:
2741:
2731:
2561:
2541:
2446:
2356:
2315:
2122:
H. Meyer, A. Dereviagin, C. Siegert, L. Schirrmeister and H.-W. Hubberten, 2002,
1930:
1828:
1823:
891:
778:
710:
670:
600:
399:
2215:
2052:
V. K. Dorofeev, M. G. Blagoveshchensky, A. N. Smirnov, and V. I. Ushakov, 1999,
785:) rocks. These sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks are mantled by loose
394:
The first news about the existence of the New Siberian Islands was brought by a
4415:
4364:
4263:
4227:
4207:
4190:
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3268:
3239:
3145:
3135:
2861:
2856:
2816:
2776:
2726:
2511:
2481:
2340:
New data on the "Mammoth" fauna of the Laptev Shelf Land (East Siberian Arctic)
1796:
899:
887:
839:
The abundant bones, even skeletons, of mammoth, rhinoceros, musk-ox, and other
800:
706:
690:
686:
682:
631:
619:
490:
483:
459:
410:
387:
359:
318:
287:
271:
101:
2319:
2273:
Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung (Reports on polar and marine research)
2107:"Vegetation and Climate of the New Siberian Islands for the past 15,000 Years"
642:, forming a geographical continuum with the continental plains further south.
4430:
4389:
4258:
4250:
4217:
3954:
3904:
3796:
3791:
3781:
3631:
3594:
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3497:
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3304:
2716:
2606:
2596:
2556:
2506:
2476:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2421:
2416:
2334:. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 536–537.
2325:
1810:
1380:
832:
531:
518:
479:
423:
339:
201:
188:
486:: Анжу арыылара), covering a land area of about 29,000 km, consist of:
4293:
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3912:
3884:
3639:
3377:
3311:
3280:
3229:
3101:
3030:
2967:
2957:
2831:
2796:
2746:
2646:
2526:
1913:
230Th/U Dating of Frozen Peat, Bol’shoy LyakhovskyIsland (Northern Siberia)
852:
717:
654:
549:
451:
116:
1750:
Bennett Island, north coast – tundra landscape (76°44‘30‘‘N, 149°21‘19‘‘E)
4349:
4308:
4239:
3944:
3833:
3776:
3704:
3654:
3541:
3517:
3406:
3244:
3162:
3140:
3116:
2962:
2952:
2821:
2806:
2736:
2721:
2651:
2123:
1881:
1838:
939:
895:
817:
786:
766:. The Anzhu Islands consist of a highly faulted and folded assemblage of
721:
666:
428:
335:
2359: (archived December 23, 2010) - aerial photographs of these islands.
3879:
3848:
3674:
3669:
3333:
3294:
3256:
3174:
3047:
2932:
2927:
2826:
2601:
2581:
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2466:
2456:
2426:
2405:
963:
956:
844:
767:
752:
662:
500:
455:
444:
379:
351:
170:
2018:
L. Schirrmeister, H.-W. Hubberten, V. Rachold, and V.G. Grosse, 2005,
2006:
Environmental History of the Novosibirskie Islands for the last 12 ka.
1674:
Belkovsky Island, Thilo Bay (Anzhu Islands; 75°35’30’’N, 135°38’44’’E)
4326:
3985:
3959:
3889:
3867:
3860:
3644:
3421:
3355:
3251:
3074:
3057:
2942:
2937:
2911:
2656:
1833:
843:
along with the mammoth ivory found in these islands are preserved by
840:
774:
763:
755:
740:
733:
470:
918:
because it supports breeding populations of many species of birds.
3853:
3458:
3394:
3365:
3275:
3234:
3042:
3022:
2902:
1662:
Weatherstation on Kotelny Island (Anzhu Islands; 74°38’N, 139°10’E)
883:
863:
793:
790:
771:
748:
737:
725:
694:
646:
3825:
3563:
3453:
3411:
3299:
3111:
3106:
3035:
2056:. VNIIOkeangeologia, St. Petersburg, Russia. 130 pp. (in Russian)
927:
828:
804:
759:
563:
395:
347:
24:
4331:
3435:
3389:
3096:
3083:
2700:
2400:
2087:
Whitley, D. G., 1910, "The Ivory Islands of the Arctic Ocean".
1979:
A Checklist of the Ground-beetles of Russia and Adjacent Lands.
960:
931:
860:
821:
782:
447:
and have accumulated periodically over the last 200,000 years.
343:
831:
and other bones, are found in recent beaches, drainage areas,
4182:
4077:
3621:
2919:
2903:
2238:"Kotel'nyj Island (Kotelny Island) Climate Normals 1961–1990"
848:
824:
744:
2019:
934:
and severe. Snow cover is present for 9 months of the year.
3216:
2299:
Quaternary Deposits of New Siberia Island (Russian Arctic).
1698:
Belkovsky Island (Anzhu Islands; 75°35’30’’N, 135°38’44’’E)
1686:
Belkovsky Island (Anzhu Islands; 75°35’30’’N, 135°38’44’’E)
879:
856:
689:
in the form of buried ground ice deposits are preserved on
2281:
Climate and Diet of Mammoths in the East Siberian Arctic .
2054:
New Siberian Islands. Geological structure and metallogeny
2338:
Kuznetsova, T.V., L.D. Sulerzhitsky, Ch. Siegert, 2001,
2012:
2038:
The Mammoth and Mammoth-Hunting in North-East Siberia.
2101:
2099:
2090:
Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute
2048:
2046:
1997:
1926:"Russia dispatches naval force to reopen Arctic base"
603:(228 km) lie to the north-east of Novaya Sibir.
312:
1786:
2218:(in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
2216:"Weather and Climate-The Climate of Kotelny Island"
474:
Location of the New Siberian Islands within Russia.
329:
2148:
2096:
2043:
1994:. Quaternary International. vol. 41–42, pp. 11–15.
870:of bones, ivory, and plants, optically stimulated
2706:Islands of the East Siberian Sea (Russian Arctic)
4428:
2064:
2062:
1905:
427:. In 1886, Russian polar explorer and scientist
2242:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2116:
1951:
1945:
1762:Bennett Island, north coast – tundra landscape
910:The entire archipelago has been designated an
803:), as being made either up almost entirely of
2888:
2683:
2383:
2161:
2059:
1954:"In remotest Russian Arctic, a new Navy base"
1892:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1857:
1855:
1853:
886:of 87 mammoth tusks and bones collected from
362:, of which they are administratively a part.
300:
78:
2271:Alfred Wegner institute (AWI) Publications,
2032:
2030:
139:
2135:
2081:
1984:
1915:. Quaternary Research, vol. 57, pp. 253–258
443:sediments. These sediments are cemented by
93:
2895:
2881:
2690:
2676:
2406:Islands of the Laptev Sea (Russian Arctic)
2390:
2376:
2040:D. Appleton and Company: New York, 224 pp.
1868:
1850:
595:(о. Семёновский) 0 km (now submerged)
115:
16:Archipelago in the Extreme North of Russia
2314:
2027:
1738:anchoring in the roads at the north coast
827:occur within them. The ivory, along with
2296:Basilyan, A., and P.A. Nikolskiy, 2002,
2003:M. A. Anisimov and V. E. Tumskoy, 2002,
673:. Fragments of these ice caps remain on
649:" between Siberia and Alaska during the
469:
369:
49:of all important aspects of the article.
2068:M. K. Kos'ko and G. V. Trufanov, 2002,
1774:Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island, view of the
229:29,900 km (11,500 sq mi)
4487:Important Bird Areas of Arctic islands
4442:Archipelagoes of the East Siberian Sea
4429:
2305:Espinoza, E.O., and M.-J. Mann, 1993,
2278:Andreev, A.A., and D.M. Peteet, 1999,
2208:
2111:Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
942:in January: −28 °C to −31 °C
905:
577:(о. Большо́й Ля́ховский) 4,600 km
45:Please consider expanding the lead to
2876:
2671:
2371:
1952:Atle Staalesen (September 17, 2013).
462:which had lain abandoned since 1993.
378:"Map of the Asian Russia", c. 1820).
2290:A Frozen Ninety Foot Tall Plum Tree.
2230:
2129:Permafrost and Periglacial Processes
902:to greater than 50,000 BP (C).
583:(о. Ма́лый Ля́ховский) 1,325 km
478:The New Siberian Islands proper, or
121:Location of the New Siberian Islands
18:
4452:Archipelagoes of the Sakha Republic
2182:
685:. Traces of former small slope and
493:(о. Коте́льный) 11,700 km and
13:
2265:
1971:
14:
4498:
2346:
898:islands ranged from 9470±40
811:
552:(о. Но́вая Сиби́рь) 6,200 km
499:(о. Фадде́евский) 5,300 km.
374:Map of the New Siberian Islands (
4403:
4402:
3735:West South Central United States
2699:
2399:
1803:
1789:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1727:
1715:
1703:
1691:
1679:
1667:
1655:
1648:
980:Climate data for Kotelny Island
138:
131:
23:
4447:Archipelagoes of the Laptev Sea
3950:Latin America and the Caribbean
3816:Latin America and the Caribbean
2321:"New Siberia Archipelago"
2178:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.10.017
1641:Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)
562:To the south and nearer to the
37:may be too short to adequately
4482:Important Bird Areas of Russia
2196:. BirdLife International. 2021
2078:. vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 901–919.
1977:Oleg Leonidovič Kryžanovskij,
1918:
1819:Arctic Alaska-Chukotka terrane
47:provide an accessible overview
1:
4477:Uninhabited islands of Russia
1844:
152:New Siberian Islands (Russia)
3417:Middle East and North Africa
3122:Middle East and North Africa
2497:Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands
2316:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch
2113:, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 56–66.
2075:Marine and Petroleum Geology
874:of enclosing sediments, and
558:(о. Бельковский) 500 km
465:
330:
7:
1782:
1239:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1099:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
589:(о. Столбово́й) 170 km
390:were considered separately.
313:
10:
4503:
3710:Northeastern United States
2190:"Novosibirski archipelago"
2170:Quaternary Science Reviews
2141:von Toll, Baron E., 1895,
1640:
1635:
979:
952:: up to 132 mm a year
921:
700:
382:was not discovered yet so
365:
322:
94:
4398:
4340:
4317:
4284:
4248:
4181:
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3983:
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3903:
3824:
3630:
3434:
3215:
3173:
3082:
3073:
3021:
2978:
2918:
2752:Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island
2712:
2412:
1911:Schirrmeister, L., 2002,
1898:Romanovsky, N. N., 1958,
1861:Markham, Albert Hastings
1588:
1540:
1496:
1452:
1378:
1308:
1238:
1168:
1098:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
866:as they accumulated. The
301:
282:
277:
265:
254:
249:
241:
237:374 m (1227 ft)
233:
225:
217:
180:
165:
160:
126:
114:
79:
71:
4191:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
3195:Transantarctic Mountains
1636:Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net
581:Little Lyakhovsky Island
360:Sakha (Yakutia) Republic
3940:Caribbean South America
2331:Encyclopædia Britannica
2158:. vol. 69, pp. 163–167.
1990:Alekseev, M. N., 1997,
1889:. vol. 33, pp. 319–348.
575:Great Lyakhovsky Island
450:In September 2014, the
404:Great Lyakhovsky Island
3720:Southern United States
3523:Scandinavian Peninsula
2787:Maly Lyakhovsky Island
2452:Bulgunnyakhtakh-Belkey
2132:. vol. 13, pp. 91–105.
2093:. vol. XLII, pp. 35–57
916:BirdLife International
876:uranium-thorium dating
475:
391:
346:, to the north of the
314:Novosibirskiye Ostrova
302:Новосиби́рские Oстрова
234:Highest elevation
80:Новосиби́рские Oстрова
4467:Palearctic ecoregions
4196:Antarctic Convergence
3740:Western United States
640:East Siberian Lowland
473:
376:Philippe Vandermaelen
373:
4457:Ecoregions of Russia
4437:New Siberian Islands
3262:Greater Central Asia
2802:New Siberian Islands
2747:Glavsevmorput Island
2552:New Siberian Islands
2363:Location of Nanosnyy
2353:New Siberian Islands
2287:Babinski, E.T., nd,
1029:Record high °C (°F)
966:and numerous lakes.
818:Baron Eduard V. Toll
720:ranging in age from
651:Last Glacial Maximum
568:Lyakhovskiye Islands
331:Saŋa Sibiir Arıılara
323:Саҥа Сибиир Aрыылара
297:New Siberian Islands
221:New Siberian Islands
146:New Siberian Islands
95:Саҥа Сибиир Aрыылара
67:New Siberian Islands
4408:Continents of Earth
3935:Brazilian Highlands
3344:Indian subcontinent
3205:Antarctic Peninsula
3003:Southern Hemisphere
2998:Northern Hemisphere
2732:Bolshoy Fedorovskiy
2592:Saint Peter Islands
2587:Saint Andrew Island
1776:Kigilyakh Peninsula
1497:Average snowy days
1453:Average rainy days
1309:Record low °C (°F)
1169:Daily mean °C (°F)
912:Important Bird Area
906:Important Bird Area
872:luminescence dating
528: /
415:Matvei Gedenschtrom
198: /
68:
4462:Islands of Siberia
4223:Great Barrier Reef
3844:Mainland Australia
3552:Apennine Peninsula
3013:Western Hemisphere
2988:Eastern Hemisphere
2772:Kolesovskaya Otmel
2522:Lyakhovsky Islands
2507:Lena Delta Islands
2487:Bolshoy Lyakhovsky
2194:BirdLife Data Zone
1863:Arctic Exploration
868:radiocarbon dating
593:Semyonovsky Island
532:76.283°N 140.416°E
497:Faddeyevsky Island
476:
392:
384:Faddeyevsky Island
350:coast between the
258:Russian Federation
242:Highest point
202:75.267°N 145.250°E
66:
4472:Tundra ecoregions
4424:
4423:
4304:Mediterranean Rim
4177:
4176:
4116:Mediterranean Sea
3970:
3969:
3923:Amazon Rainforest
3750:Canadian Prairies
3715:Pacific Northwest
3576:Iberian Peninsula
3361:Arabian Peninsula
3188:Antarctic Plateau
2948:Three/Four Worlds
2870:
2869:
2792:Medvezhyi Islands
2767:Kolesovsky Island
2665:
2664:
2657:Zalivnyye Islands
2642:Vilkitsky Islands
2622:Shelonsky Islands
2036:Digby, B., 1926,
1734:Bennett Island –
1645:
1644:
1543:relative humidity
730:metamorphic rocks
659:East Siberian Sea
628:(о. Вильки́цкого)
570:(6,095 km):
566:mainland lie the
454:re-established a
356:East Siberian Sea
328:
311:
293:
292:
175:East Siberian Sea
64:
63:
4494:
4406:
4405:
4385:Global Southwest
4380:Global Southeast
4370:Global Northwest
4365:Global Northeast
4355:Global Heartland
4299:Indian Ocean Rim
3981:
3980:
3873:Island Melanesia
3564:Balkan Peninsula
3339:Himalayan states
3286:Russian Far East
3080:
3079:
3008:Water Hemisphere
2897:
2890:
2883:
2874:
2873:
2782:Krestovyy Island
2762:Jeannette Island
2757:Henrietta Island
2704:
2703:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2617:Severnaya Zemlya
2602:Samakh Ary Dyete
2442:Bolshoy Begichev
2432:Belkovsky Island
2404:
2403:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2335:
2323:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2186:
2180:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2139:
2133:
2120:
2114:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2066:
2057:
2050:
2041:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2010:
2001:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1958:Barents Observer
1949:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1922:
1916:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1877:
1866:
1859:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1771:
1759:
1747:
1731:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1683:
1671:
1659:
977:
976:
626:Vilkitsky Island
614:Henrietta Island
608:Jeannette Island
587:Stolbovoy Island
556:Belkovsky Island
543:
542:
540:
539:
538:
533:
529:
526:
525:
524:
521:
513:Nanosnyy Island
441:Late Pleistocene
433:Zemlya Sannikova
419:Zemlya Sannikova
333:
327:romanized:
326:
324:
316:
306:
304:
303:
213:
212:
210:
209:
208:
203:
199:
196:
195:
194:
191:
142:
141:
135:
119:
105:
97:
96:
90:
82:
81:
69:
65:
59:
56:
50:
27:
19:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4394:
4336:
4313:
4280:
4244:
4173:
4162:South China Sea
4071:
4014:Central America
3966:
3899:
3820:
3772:Northern Mexico
3760:Northern Canada
3745:Atlantic Canada
3700:Mountain states
3626:
3481:European Russia
3474:Southern Russia
3430:
3383:Iranian Plateau
3211:
3200:West Antarctica
3183:East Antarctica
3169:
3069:
3017:
2993:Land Hemisphere
2974:
2914:
2901:
2871:
2866:
2742:De Long Islands
2708:
2698:
2696:
2666:
2661:
2517:Maly Lyakhovsky
2408:
2398:
2396:
2357:Wayback Machine
2349:
2268:
2266:Further reading
2256:
2246:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2136:
2121:
2117:
2104:
2097:
2086:
2082:
2067:
2060:
2051:
2044:
2035:
2028:
2017:
2013:
2002:
1998:
1989:
1985:
1976:
1972:
1962:
1960:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1931:Daily Telegraph
1924:
1923:
1919:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1851:
1847:
1829:List of islands
1824:Lomonosov Ridge
1809:
1804:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1763:
1760:
1751:
1748:
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1407:
1402:
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1392:
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1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
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1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1303:
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1268:
1263:
1258:
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1248:
1243:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
924:
908:
814:
703:
687:cirque glaciers
683:Bennett Islands
671:De Long Islands
616:(о. Генрие́тты)
601:De Long Islands
545:
537:76.283; 140.416
536:
534:
530:
527:
522:
519:
517:
515:
514:
482:(острова Анжу,
468:
400:Yakov Permyakov
368:
267:Federal subject
261:
207:75.267; 145.250
206:
204:
200:
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187:
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184:
156:
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150:
149:
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99:
84:
60:
54:
51:
44:
32:This article's
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4500:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4416:Physical Earth
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4321:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4288:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4255:
4253:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4228:Mariana Trench
4225:
4215:
4210:
4208:Atlantic Ocean
4205:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4169:Southern Ocean
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4157:East China Sea
4149:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4091:Atlantic Ocean
4088:
4082:
4080:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3895:Remote Oceania
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3765:Western Canada
3762:
3757:
3755:Eastern Canada
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3544:
3539:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3469:South Caucasus
3466:
3464:North Caucasus
3456:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3371:South Caucasus
3363:
3353:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3240:Aralkum Desert
3237:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3190:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3031:Africa-Eurasia
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2900:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2862:Zhokhov Island
2859:
2857:Wrangel Island
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2817:Routan Islands
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2727:Bennett Island
2724:
2719:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Vos'mogo Marta
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2572:Preobrazheniya
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2532:Maliy Begichev
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2482:Faddey Islands
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2395:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2348:
2347:External links
2345:
2344:
2343:
2336:
2326:Chisholm, Hugh
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2264:
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2255:
2254:
2229:
2207:
2181:
2160:
2156:Polarforschung
2147:
2134:
2115:
2095:
2080:
2058:
2042:
2026:
2011:
1996:
1983:
1970:
1944:
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1800:
1797:Siberia portal
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1593:
1591:sunshine hours
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947:
943:
923:
920:
907:
904:
878:of associated
833:river terraces
813:
812:Ivory deposits
810:
801:Wrangel Island
702:
699:
691:Zhokhov Island
636:
635:
632:Zhokhov Island
629:
623:
622:(о. Бе́ннетта)
620:Bennett Island
617:
611:
610:(о. Жанне́тты)
597:
596:
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491:Kotelny Island
467:
464:
460:Kotelny Island
458:naval base on
411:Yakov Sannikov
388:Kotelny Island
367:
364:
299:(Russian:
291:
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288:Kotelny Island
286:250 (2017) on
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2717:Anzhu Islands
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2455:
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950:Precipitation
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758:; Cretaceous
757:
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742:
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727:
723:
719:
718:igneous rocks
715:
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480:Anzhu Islands
472:
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461:
457:
453:
448:
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442:
436:
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430:
426:
425:
424:Sannikov Land
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
363:
361:
358:north of the
357:
353:
349:
348:East Siberian
345:
341:
340:Extreme North
337:
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320:
315:
309:
298:
289:
285:
281:
276:
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264:
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259:
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248:
245:Malakatyn Tas
244:
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236:
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228:
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220:
216:
211:
183:
179:
176:
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168:
164:
159:
134:
125:
118:
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103:
92:
88:
77:
76:
73:Native name:
70:
58:
55:November 2020
48:
42:
40:
35:
30:
26:
21:
20:
4414: /
4412:List of seas
4410: /
4375:Global South
4360:Global North
4294:Atlantic Rim
4233:Ring of Fire
4213:Indian Ocean
4203:Arctic Ocean
4145:Persian Gulf
4140:Indian Ocean
4121:Adriatic Sea
4086:Arctic Ocean
3918:Amazon Basin
3913:Amazon Plain
3885:Near Oceania
3690:Mid-Atlantic
3640:Aridoamerica
3600:Northwestern
3513:Northwestern
3486:Southeastern
3378:Greater Iran
3317:Southeastern
3312:Pacific Asia
3281:Pacific Asia
3269:Northeastern
3225:Asia–Pacific
2968:Fourth World
2958:Second World
2807:Novaya Sibir
2801:
2551:
2546:
2527:Makar Island
2477:Dzhyangylakh
2329:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2245:. Retrieved
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2193:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2127:
2118:
2110:
2089:
2083:
2073:
2053:
2037:
2020:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1894:
1886:
1880:
1862:
1735:
1383:mm (inches)
972:
968:
955:
925:
909:
853:solifluction
838:
816:As noted by
815:
798:
704:
655:Arctic Ocean
644:
637:
634:(о. Жо́хова)
598:
561:
550:Novaya Sibir
477:
452:Russian Navy
449:
437:
432:
422:
418:
408:
393:
296:
294:
278:Demographics
256:
169:between the
52:
36:
34:lead section
4390:Global West
4350:Global East
4309:Pacific Rim
4251:waterbodies
4240:World Ocean
4065:New Zealand
3945:The Guianas
3834:Australasia
3777:West Indies
3705:New England
3685:Great Lakes
3655:Mesoamerica
3542:Middle East
3518:Scandinavia
3407:Middle East
3245:Caspian Sea
3151:Great Lakes
3131:Sub-Saharan
3117:Middle East
2980:Hemispheres
2963:Third World
2953:First World
2906:'s primary
2722:Ayon Island
2612:Semyonovsky
2577:Psov Island
2537:Maly Taymyr
2492:Komsomolets
2427:Arangastakh
2247:27 February
2222:27 February
2200:29 November
1937:7 September
1839:Genesis 2.0
940:temperature
896:New Siberia
787:Pleistocene
722:Precambrian
714:sedimentary
667:rain shadow
535: /
523:140°24′58″E
429:Eduard Toll
409:In 1809–10
336:archipelago
218:Archipelago
205: /
181:Coordinates
4431:Categories
4131:Ionian Sea
4126:Aegean Sea
4096:Baltic Sea
4028:Antarctica
3880:Micronesia
3849:New Guinea
3807:Portuguese
3730:West Coast
3680:East Coast
3675:Bible Belt
3670:Appalachia
3349:Subregions
3257:Inner Asia
3175:Antarctica
3075:Continents
3048:Antarctica
3023:Landmasses
2933:Down Under
2928:Arab World
2912:subregions
2837:Uparovskiy
2827:Shalaurova
2822:Ryyanranot
2797:Mikhalkino
2417:Aerosyomki
1845:References
964:vegetation
957:Permafrost
888:Faddeevsky
845:permafrost
775:limestones
768:Ordovician
764:ophiolites
756:turbidites
753:Cretaceous
741:sandstones
663:Laptev Sea
599:The small
520:76°16′59″N
501:Bunge Land
456:Soviet era
445:permafrost
380:Bunge Land
352:Laptev Sea
283:Population
171:Laptev Sea
4327:Antarctic
4111:Irish Sea
4101:Black Sea
4060:Australia
4009:Caribbean
3986:continent
3960:Patagonia
3890:Polynesia
3868:Melanesia
3861:Zealandia
3839:Australia
3725:Southwest
3645:Caribbean
3422:Near East
3063:submerged
3058:Zealandia
3053:Australia
2943:Old World
2938:New World
2847:Vilkitsky
2832:Sukhornyy
2737:Chengkuul
2632:Stolbovoy
2607:Samolyota
2567:Petrushka
2467:Dallalakh
2462:Daldalakh
2437:Bolshevik
2260:Locations
1834:Kigilyakh
914:(IBA) by
864:sediments
841:megafauna
794:sediments
779:dolomites
751:to lower
734:Paleozoic
679:Henrietta
675:Jeannette
466:Geography
334:) are an
308:romanized
161:Geography
39:summarize
3854:Tasmania
3802:Hispanic
3665:Northern
3612:Germanic
3590:Atlantic
3532:Southern
3493:Northern
3459:Caucasus
3395:Dead Sea
3366:Caucasus
3334:Southern
3327:Maritime
3322:Mainland
3295:Northern
3276:Far East
3235:Aral Sea
3158:Southern
3102:Northern
2852:Vkhodnoy
2842:Usun Ary
2582:Sagastyr
2562:Peschany
2557:Orto Ary
2547:Nanosnyy
2542:Muostakh
2447:Brusneva
2318:(1911).
1963:June 17,
1783:See also
1541:Average
1379:Average
1374:(−57.8)
1369:(−49.0)
1364:(−40.4)
1359:(−40.4)
1334:(−19.5)
1329:(−51.2)
1324:(−51.0)
1319:(−57.8)
1314:(−48.8)
1299:(−22.5)
1294:(−12.6)
1259:(−11.6)
1254:(−23.6)
1249:(−27.2)
1244:(−26.7)
1229:(−16.6)
1184:(−17.5)
1179:(−21.5)
1174:(−20.7)
1159:(−10.8)
1114:(−11.6)
1109:(−15.5)
1104:(−15.0)
938:Average
892:Kotelniy
884:collagen
791:Holocene
772:Devonian
760:granites
749:Jurassic
738:Triassic
732:; upper
726:Pliocene
695:Holocene
647:Beringia
564:Siberian
354:and the
193:145°15′E
166:Location
4055:Oceania
4043:by area
3999:America
3976:Islands
3826:Oceania
3695:Midwest
3650:Central
3617:Romance
3585:Western
3454:Balkans
3449:Eastern
3444:Central
3412:Mashriq
3356:Western
3300:Siberia
3252:Eastern
3230:Central
3163:Western
3136:Central
3112:Mashriq
3107:Maghreb
3097:Saharan
3043:America
3036:Eurasia
2908:regions
2812:Ploskiy
2777:Kotelny
2512:Leykina
2502:Kotelny
2355:at the
2328:(ed.).
1354:(−1.5)
1349:(15.4)
1344:(21.2)
1284:(26.6)
1279:(32.4)
1274:(33.1)
1269:(28.2)
1264:(11.5)
1224:(−6.7)
1219:(12.7)
1214:(29.8)
1209:(35.8)
1204:(37.2)
1199:(31.3)
1194:(16.5)
1189:(−4.5)
1164:(11.3)
1154:(−0.8)
1149:(17.4)
1144:(32.5)
1139:(39.7)
1134:(42.3)
1129:(34.5)
1124:(20.8)
1094:(77.2)
1089:(26.4)
1084:(27.5)
1079:(35.2)
1074:(53.2)
1069:(68.4)
1064:(77.2)
1059:(72.9)
1054:(43.2)
1049:(32.5)
1044:(23.4)
1039:(26.1)
1034:(19.0)
928:climate
922:Climate
829:mammoth
805:mammoth
711:faulted
701:Geology
396:Cossack
366:History
338:in the
190:75°16′N
87:Russian
4342:Global
4332:Arctic
4271:Rivers
4249:Other
4183:Oceans
4038:Europe
3994:Africa
3787:French
3660:Middle
3622:Slavic
3607:Celtic
3508:Nordic
3498:Baltic
3436:Europe
3390:Levant
3084:Africa
2920:Worlds
2597:Salkay
1887:Boreas
1865:, 1895
1631:1,138
1448:(6.1)
1443:(0.3)
1438:(0.3)
1433:(0.6)
1428:(0.9)
1423:(0.9)
1418:(1.0)
1413:(0.7)
1408:(0.4)
1403:(0.3)
1398:(0.2)
1393:(0.2)
1388:(0.3)
1339:(5.2)
1304:(1.2)
1289:(7.3)
1234:(6.3)
1119:(1.6)
985:Month
961:tundra
932:arctic
894:, and
861:stream
859:, and
822:fossil
783:basalt
762:; and
745:shales
707:folded
681:, and
661:, and
344:Russia
98:
83:
4319:Polar
4264:lists
4259:Lakes
4078:ocean
3797:Ibero
3792:Latin
3782:Anglo
2904:Earth
2647:Yarok
2324:. In
1981:p. 16
1372:−49.9
1367:−45.0
1362:−40.2
1357:−40.2
1352:−18.6
1337:−14.9
1332:−28.6
1327:−46.2
1322:−46.1
1317:−49.9
1312:−44.9
1302:−17.1
1297:−30.3
1292:−24.8
1287:−13.7
1262:−11.4
1257:−24.2
1252:−30.9
1247:−32.9
1242:−32.6
1232:−14.3
1227:−27.0
1222:−21.5
1217:−10.7
1187:−20.3
1182:−27.5
1177:−29.7
1172:−29.3
1162:−11.5
1157:−23.8
1152:−18.2
1117:−16.9
1112:−24.2
1107:−26.4
1102:−26.1
1024:Year
880:peats
849:loess
825:ivory
484:Sakha
319:Yakut
102:Yakut
4276:Seas
4033:Asia
3305:Ural
3217:Asia
3146:Horn
3141:East
2910:and
2652:Yaya
2249:2016
2224:2016
2202:2021
1965:2020
1939:2014
1616:100
1613:168
1610:178
1607:197
1604:283
1601:147
1545:(%)
1536:201
1483:0.4
1465:0.1
1347:−9.2
1342:−6.0
1282:−3.0
1267:−2.1
1212:−1.2
1197:−0.4
1192:−8.6
1147:−8.1
1122:−6.2
1092:25.1
1087:−3.1
1082:−2.5
1072:11.8
1067:20.2
1062:25.1
1057:22.7
1042:−4.8
1037:−3.3
1032:−7.2
1021:Dec
1018:Nov
1015:Oct
1012:Sep
1009:Aug
1006:Jul
1003:Jun
1000:May
997:Apr
994:Mar
991:Feb
988:Jan
926:The
857:pond
789:and
743:and
716:and
709:and
413:and
386:and
295:The
226:Area
173:and
4286:Rim
4076:By
3984:By
2174:doi
1622:14
1619:44
1584:86
1581:82
1578:84
1575:88
1572:90
1569:91
1566:90
1563:90
1560:87
1557:83
1554:82
1551:82
1548:82
1533:16
1530:18
1527:26
1524:22
1521:11
1515:16
1512:22
1509:15
1506:16
1503:16
1500:15
1492:49
1477:15
1474:15
1446:154
1277:0.2
1272:0.6
1207:2.1
1202:2.9
1142:0.3
1137:4.3
1132:5.7
1127:1.4
1077:1.8
1052:6.2
1047:0.3
930:is
770:to
736:to
724:to
421:or
342:of
4433::
2240:.
2192:.
2172:.
2126:.
2109:.
2098:^
2072:.
2061:^
2045:^
2029:^
1956:.
1928:.
1885:,
1870:^
1852:^
1628:0
1625:0
1598:7
1595:0
1518:8
1489:0
1486:0
1480:9
1471:8
1468:1
1462:0
1459:0
1456:0
1431:16
1426:23
1421:23
1416:26
1411:17
900:BP
890:,
855:,
851:,
777:,
747:;
697:.
677:,
657:,
435:.
406:.
398:,
325:,
321::
317:;
305:,
2896:e
2889:t
2882:v
2691:e
2684:t
2677:v
2391:e
2384:t
2377:v
2251:.
2226:.
2204:.
2176::
1967:.
1941:.
1441:7
1436:7
1406:9
1401:8
1396:6
1391:5
1386:7
310::
104:)
100:(
89:)
85:(
57:)
53:(
43:.
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