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Almond played electronic dance pop when he DJ-ed at the Leeds
Warehouse nightclub, and often penned Soft Cell songs in the cloak room. The Warehouse was the epicentre of the Leeds branch of the Futurist/New Romantic scene. 'When exhibitionism hit Leeds, it hit hard,' Almond recalled. 'It was a battle
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Steve
Strange worked as the club's doorman and Egan was the DJ at the Blitz. The club became known for its exclusive door policy and strict dress code. Strange would frequently deny potential patrons admission because he felt that they were not costumed creatively or subversively enough to blend in
423:
commented, "There's a period going past at the moment that may make us look as though we're in fashion." In another interview, he stated "I don't like to be associated with them (New
Romantics). The attitudes are so very different." Of Japan's fashion sense, Sylvian said, "For them (New Romantics),
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In its early stages, the movement was known by many names, including "new dandies", "new guys", "romantic rebels", "peacock punk", "the now crowd", "the futurists", "the cult with no name" and eventually as the "Blitz Kids". As the scene moved beyond a single club, the media settled on the name New
209:
By the beginning of 1982, the original movement had largely dissipated. Although many of the artists associated with the scene continued their careers, some to enormous commercial success in the next few years, they had largely abandoned the aesthetics of the movement. There were attempts to revive
658:
Early synth-pop has been described as "eerie, sterile, and vaguely menacing", using droning electronics with little change in inflection. Later the introduction of dance beats made the music warmer and catchier and contained within the conventions of three-minute pop. Duran Duran, who emerged from
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Many bands that emerged from the New
Romantic movement became closely associated with the use of synthesizers to create rock and pop music, which has led to the widespread misconception that synth-pop and the New Romantic movement were synonymous. Synth-pop was prefigured in the 1960s and 1970s by
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ridiculed the movement in a 2010 interview, saying, "Completely separate from electronic music or the future there was all the fucking
Southern New Romantic bollocks. I mean, if we were ever called New Romantics there'd be a fight... 'Am I wearing a kilt? Am I wearing enough eyeliner? Is my shirt
873:'" and as "part of the move back to guitar-driven music after the keyboard washes of the New Romantics". By the end of the 1980s, many acts had been dropped by their labels and the solo careers of many artists who had been associated with the New Romantic scene would gradually fade over time.
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reached the media capitals of New York City and Los
Angeles in 1982. Style-conscious New Romantic synthpop acts became a major staple of MTV programming. They would be followed by many acts, many of them employing synthpop sounds, over the next three years, with Duran Duran's glossy videos
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New
Romantic looks were propagated from fashion designers Jane Kahn and Patti Bell in Birmingham and Helen Robinson's Covent Garden shop PX, began to influence major collections and were spread, with a delay, through reviews of what was being worn in clubs via magazines including
547:, whose elaborate and theatrical designs brought together futuristic visual elements and influences as diverse as Egyptian, African and Far Eastern art, and would largely define the movement's look. By 1977, a small scene featuring Jane Kahn and Patti Bell themselves,
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also denied any connection with the New
Romantic movement, having adopted an androgynous look incorporating make-up ever since their inception in the mid-1970s at the tail-end of the glam rock era (and were then heavily influenced by glam-punk band
193:
have all at some point been described as being part of the New
Romantic movement or as having been influenced by it, while others would consider them distinct from it. A number of these bands adopted synthesizers and helped to develop
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While many groups associated with the New
Romantic movement used synthesizers, some avoided them entirely or made limited use of them. Boy George's band Culture Club, which formed in 1981, produced a sound that combined elements of
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in 1979, large numbers of artists began to enjoy success with a synthesizer-based sound and they came to dominate the pop music of the early 1980s. Bands that emerged from the New Romantic scene and adopted synth-pop included
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tried to enter the club, but Strange denied him entry. The club spawned several spin-offs and there were soon clubs elsewhere in the capital and in other major British cities, including Manchester, Liverpool and Birmingham.
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reflected back on their first year of success (1981) and stated, "At this time we were linked to the whole New Romantics thing, but we were never a part of that. It was just a trendy London club thing with Steve Strange."
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concert of July 1985 as the peak for the various acts that rose from the New Romantic scene of the early '80s, commenting that after which "everyone seemed to take hubristic tumbles". Simon Reynolds also notes the
802:" single in late 1984 and Live Aid in 1985 as turning points, with the acts that the movement spawned as having become decadent, with "overripe arrangements and bloated videos" for songs like Duran Duran's "
647:. According to authors Stuart Borthwick and Ron Moy, "After the monochrome blacks and greys of punk/new wave, synthpop was promoted by a youth media interested in people who wanted to be pop stars, such as
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would release an "England Swings" issue with Boy George on the cover. In April 1984, 40 of the top 100 singles; further, in a May 1985 survey, eight of the top 10 singles were by acts of British origin.
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were also labelled as New Romantic artists by the press, although they all repudiated this and none had any direct connection to the original scene. Other aspiring bands of the era including
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and wedges. However, soon after they began to gain mainstream attention, many bands associated with the New Romantic scene dropped the eclectic clothes and make-up in favour of sharp suits.
476:
The New Romantic movement developed almost simultaneously in London and Birmingham. In London, it grew out of David Bowie and Roxy Music themed nights, run during 1978 in the nightclub
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912:, Hollywood and DexDexTer. None of the Romo acts made the British top 75 in their own right, although Orlando charted at number 65 with "How Can We Hang on to a Dream" as part of the
110:
of the late 18th and early 19th century (from which the movement took its name). The term "New Romantic" is known to have been coined by musician, producer, manager and innovator
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Though it was a fashion movement, several British music acts in the late 1970s and early 1980s adopted the style and became known to epitomise it within the press, including
469:
378:, the New Romantics adopted an escapist and aspirational stance. With its interest in design, marketing and image, the movement has been seen by some as an acceptance of
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were also often identified as New Romantics by the press, although they did not exhibit the same visual styles of the movement, despite their link to the band Visage.
1232:
729:, house band of London's Blitz club, had flown to New York City to stage not only a live gig but a fashion show by the Axiom collective of designers, who included
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Although it received less media coverage than London, the Birmingham scene, featuring the likes of Khan and Bell is covered (to an extent) in the 2018 novel
934:, was shown on Sky Arts. Boy George, Rusty Egan and Marilyn all appeared in the film discussing their time at the club and about the early 1980s-era, whilst
75:
at venues such as Billy's and The Blitz. The New Romantic movement was characterised by flamboyant, eccentric fashion inspired by fashion boutiques such as
740:
During 1983, 30% of the US record sales were from British acts. On 18 July 1983, 18 singles in the top 40, and six in the top 10, were by British artists.
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238:. In terms of style, it rejected the austerity and anti-fashion stance which was becoming increasingly predominant in punk. Both sexes often dressed in
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During the New Romantic period, two of four Ultravox members—frontman Ure and keyboardist Currie—were also in the then-six-person group Visage.
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in the early 1980s, which, combined with the distinctive New Romantic visuals, helped them first to national success in the UK, and then, via
500:, where they ran a Tuesday night "Club for Heroes". Its patrons dressed as uniquely as they could in an attempt to draw the most attention.
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810:". The proliferation of acts using synthesisers had led to an anti-synth backlash, with groups including Spandau Ballet, Soft Cell and
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and the beginning of the raw guitar-based music that would come to dominate rock in the 1990s, with these bands adopting "the kind of
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1496:
896:, who featured the scene - proclaiming that it was a "future pop explosion" - on its front cover in 1995 and inside claiming that
2523:"We regret to have to announce a death. Britpop, having served its purpose, has been executed." Romo special feature preamble,
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An American reaction against European synthpop and "haircut bands" has been seen as beginning in the mid-1980s with the rise of
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frilly enough?' Oh, fuck off!" OMD have nevertheless been categorised as New Romantics; a designation that keyboardist
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in Birmingham and PX in London. Early adherents of the movement were often referred to by the press by such names as
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movement that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s. The movement emerged from the nightclub scene in
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945:. Some of the main characters from the New Romantic movement feature in the book, albeit under different names.
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1981:
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also denied any connection to the New Romantic scene. In an interview published in January 1984, keyboardist
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clown, with any look being possible if it was adapted to be unusual and striking. Common hairstyles included
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was interviewed about the cultural effects of the New Romantic movement on younger performers like herself.
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clothing and wore cosmetics such as eyeliner and lipstick, partly derived from earlier punk fashions. This
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into synth-pop to produce a catchier and warmer sound, which provided them with a series of hit singles.
53:
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In the mid-1990s, the New Romantic era was the subject of nostalgia-oriented club nights — such as
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880:-inspired "Don't You Want Me", and "Planet Earth", a Duran Duran-themed night club whose promoter told
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also developed an early New Romantic scene around 1979, with clubs including the Warehouse, Primos and
3346:
3197:
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886:, "It's more of a celebration than a revival". In the same period it was also an inspiration for the
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and Patrick Lilley had emerged in pubs such as The Crown and clubs such as Romulus and Barbarella's.
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825:, seen here in 2012, wearing New Romantic-inspired clothing reminiscent of his early 80s period:
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The New Romantic movement is sometimes characterised as a reaction to the direction in which the
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on the cover of one of its issues, with the caption "Britain Rocks America – Again", while
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419:), some years before the New Romantic movement began. In an October 1981 interview, vocalist
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fancy dress is a costume. But ours is a way of life. We look and dress this way every day."
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always denied being a New Romantic, and reiterated this in 2001 and again in 2012. The band
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In Birmingham, the origins of the New Romantic movement lay in the opening in 1975 of the
8:
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3164:
3016:
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2030:
1821:
1688:
1413:
1065:"Duran Duran's Nick Rhodes Talks New Wave, David Bowie, and Hedi Slimane's Saint Laurent"
733:. These former Blitz Kids, "21 in number and 21 their average age" came by invitation of
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1997:
1941:
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2592:"fever pitch the ep | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company"
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incorporating more conventional influences and instruments into their sounds by 1983.
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While some contemporary bands, particularly those of the predominantly Midlands-based
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1977:
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722:" format in US radio stations was also significant in the success of British bands.
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Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren hand screen-printed cotton dress and sash,
40:
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attendants at the Blitz. The video for David Bowie's 1980 UK number one single "
336:. The emergence of the New Romantic movement into the mainstream coincided with
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the Birmingham scene, have been credited with incorporating a dance-orientated
644:
448:
443:
416:
243:
134:
115:
2395:
1208:"Richard James Burgess's schedule for 2019 AIMP Indie Music Publishing Summit"
48:
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1973:
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2725:(directed by Bruce Ashley) on Sky Arts, 9pm 13 March 2021/11pm 19 March 2021
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367:
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182:
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Martin, Peter (January 1984). "Soft Cell: That Was Then But This Is Now".
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2019:
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1672:. Vol. 3, no. 22. London, England: EMAP Metro. pp. 42–43.
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484:, London. In 1979, the growing popularity of the club forced organisers
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3472:
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2972:
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2908:
2903:
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2072:
1709:
1668:
1639:"Adam Ant: To be a pop star you need sex, subversion, style and humour"
1190:"Richard James Burgess, CEO, American Association of Independent Music"
850:
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with those inside the club. In a highly publicised incident, a drunken
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146:
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2652:(3rd ed.). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Backbeat Books. pp. 828–9.
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612:
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582:
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529:
517:
428:
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374:) who wrote lyrics addressing social issues such as unemployment and
239:
227:
223:
195:
190:
178:
118:, although most of the groups tried to distance themselves from it."
103:
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464:
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2893:
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AllMusic Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul
2372:
2345:
2242:
2130:
1891:"Spandau Ballet, the Blitz kids and the birth of the New Romantics"
1033:"Spandau Ballet, the Blitz Kids and the birth of the New Romantics"
869:", as a "reaction against the opulence/corpulence of nouveau rich '
822:
794:
782:
774:
742:
730:
652:
596:
521:
407:
154:
3236:
3579:
3036:
3021:
2497:
1693:
1612:"I always consider myself to be in a punk band and a punk artist"
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935:
897:
870:
692:
297:
293:
289:
2736:"'TRAMPS!' Celebrates and Mourns London's New Romantic Movement"
2101:
for who could wear the most make-up and most acres of material.'
1785:
Rock Band Name Origins: The Stories of 240 Groups and Performers
528:. Before forming Culture Club, Boy George and Marilyn worked as
3554:
2429:
Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop
1285:
862:
826:
676:
668:
340:'s unveiling of her "pirate collection", which was promoted by
68:
2758:
Peter Childs, Mike Storry (1999). Taylor & Francis (ed.).
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
1281:"Episode 23: Richard James Burgess (President & CEO A2IM)"
781:
in Philadelphia in July 1985, where Duran Duran played, while
3437:
2977:
2538:"Sexus | Discography | Zang Tuum Tumb and all that"
1729:"OMG It's OMD! Orchestral Manoeuvres In The Dark Interviewed"
600:
569:, whose vocalist was the Warehouse's DJ and cloakroom worker
558:
301:
84:
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had been "executed" to make way for it, and including bands
226:
movement was evolving, and was heavily influenced by former
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2644:(2002). "Orlando". In Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris;
2188:
2152:
887:
211:
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to relocate to a larger venue in the Blitz, a wine bar in
114:. He stated that "'New Romantic' fit the Blitz scene and
3136:
2757:
2510:"ROMO - The Future Pop Explosion", front cover headline.
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1544:
1293:
1127:
Are We Not New Wave?: Modern Pop at the Turn of the 1980s
710:
359:
326:
266:
199:
1515:
725:
This '80s invasion had been prefigured in May 1981 when
210:
the movement from the 1990s, including the short-lived
102:, the New Romantics developed fashions inspired by the
1919:"'Erromantiko berriak' entzungai – Tolosaldeko ataria"
1344:
Strange Fascination: David Bowie, the Definitive Story
2815:
Glossary of Art, Architecture & Design since 1945
1263:"Feature - Moments Like These: Richard James Burgess"
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
2764:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 181–184, 363, 562.
2490:
Langan, Steve (19 November 1995). "Worst of Times".
2212:"First Blitz invasion of the US, Shapers of the 80s"
1501:. London, England: Frances Lincoln Ltd. p. 77.
964:
32:"New Romantics" redirects here. For other uses, see
29:
1970s popular culture movement originating in the UK
2143:
2106:
1589:. Wingdale, New York: Crescent Books. p. 119.
2023:
1942:"Steve Strange: The custodian of New Romantic pop"
1375:Remember the 80s: Now That's What I Call Nostagia!
1336:
1334:
1332:
1110:
1056:
922:-organised tour, most of the bands soon broke up.
1448:. London, England: Berg Publishers. p. 525.
1437:
1435:
1433:
472:look, which was a major influence on the movement
3830:
2617:"CD Single: Various Artists - Goin' Back (1997)"
2474:
2320:
2311:
2302:
1401:
1399:
512:While still at Billy's, Strange and Egan joined
1578:
1498:Style City: How London Became a Fashion Capital
1329:
2269:Denisoff, Von R. Serge; Schurk, W. L. (1986).
2268:
1666:Rimmer, Dave (October 1981). "Japanese Boys".
1630:
1430:
737:who hosted the event at the Underground club.
698:
261:Fashion was based on varied looks inspired by
3252:
2841:
2821:YouTube playlist featuring New Romantic music
2778:
2272:Tarnished Gold: the Record Industry Revisited
2262:
2161:
2120:
2118:
2096:Rip it Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978-1984
1818:Encyclopaedia of Contemporary British Culture
1396:
1063:Persson, Laura Borrelli (11 September 2015).
1026:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
2761:Encyclopedia of Contemporary British Culture
2517:
1816:. In Childs, Peter; Storry, Michael (eds.).
1722:
1720:
1553:
1524:Rip It Up and Start Again Postpunk 1978–1984
1304:
793:Music journalist Dave Rimmer considered the
691:used the African-influenced rhythms of the "
386:even suggested that it was aligned with the
246:was particularly evident in figures such as
2781:Blitzed! The Autobiography of Steve Strange
1494:
3259:
3245:
2855:
2848:
2834:
2115:
1872:Showbiz Wales/Southeast Hall of Fame (BBC)
1636:
1015:
930:In March 2021, Bruce Ashley's documentary
925:
451:likens to "calling a Scotsman 'English'."
2504:
1921:(in Basque). Ataria.eus. 22 December 2017
1811:
1726:
1717:
1123:
565:. This scene's most notable exponent was
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2419:
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1521:
1098:. Shapersofthe80s.com. 20 September 2009
816:
768:
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47:
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2451:
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1618:. BBCManchester, producer Juliet Glaves
1584:
1340:
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890:musical movement. It was championed by
764:
348:, who were managed by her then-partner
14:
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2489:
2018:
1967:
1939:
1848:. Shapersofthe80s.com. 22 January 2010
1782:
1706:
1665:
1637:Aitkenhead, Decca (19 February 2012).
1441:
714:symbolising the power of MTV and this
611:, the three albums made by Bowie with
3240:
2829:
2805:BBC News | REVIEWS | Romantic revival
2167:
2025:"How we opened the door to the 1980s"
1754:
1713:. Vol. 6, no. 1. p. 6.
1557:Popular Music Genres: an Introduction
1405:
1371:
1308:Popular Music Genres: an Introduction
918:soundtrack EP. After an unsuccessful
2706:"Blitzed: The 80s Blitz Kids' Story"
2674:"Blitzed: The 80s Blitz Kids' Story"
2457:"The Smiths Were The Idols of Indie"
2363:
2335:
2038:from the original on 12 January 2022
1727:Marszalek, Julian (7 October 2010).
1554:Borthwick, Stuart; Moy, Roy (2004).
1462:
1305:Borthwick, Stuart; Moy, Rob (2004).
3869:Youth culture in the United Kingdom
3534:Singapore Dark Alternative Movement
3266:
2396:"Indie and the New Musical Express"
1609:
932:Blitzed: The 80's Blitz Kids' Story
857:as marking the end of synth-driven
785:and Spandau Ballet appeared on the
709:In the US, the cable music channel
24:
2751:
2238:"UK acts disappear from US charts"
2066:Stewart, Ethan (13 January 2021).
1760:Tomek Beksiński: Portret prawdziwy
576:
217:
25:
3900:
2798:
1940:Savage, Mark (13 February 2015).
1889:Johnson, David (4 October 2009).
1176:"RICHARD JAMES BURGESS Interview"
1031:Johnson, David (4 October 2009).
440:Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
187:Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
2094:Reynolds, Simon (2 April 2009).
1846:"Revolution, Shapers of the 80s"
1096:"BLITZ KIDS, Shapers of the 80s"
967:
2728:
2716:
2698:
2684:
2666:
2634:
2609:
2584:
2562:Simpson, Dave (6 August 2009).
2555:
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2483:
2445:
2413:
2384:
2357:
2329:
2293:
2230:
2204:
2087:
2059:
2050:
2012:
1990:
1961:
1952:
1933:
1911:
1882:
1860:
1838:
1805:
1776:
1748:
1700:
1676:
1659:
1603:
1488:
1365:
1273:
1255:
995:
2068:"How Leeds Led the Goth Scene"
2000:. Victoria & Albert Museum
1406:Steer, Deirdre Clancy (2009).
1225:
1200:
1182:
1168:
1148:
1088:
865:guitar work that had typified
543:shop of the fashion designers
470:Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders
427:Similarly, the electronic duo
393:
34:New Romantics (disambiguation)
13:
1:
3803:Suicide of Nicola Ann Raphael
3560:Le Phonographique (1979–2005)
2564:"The scenes that time forgot"
1874:. August 2009. Archived from
1445:The Berg Companion to Fashion
1442:Steele, Valerie, ed. (2010).
1008:
2723:Blitzed: The 80's Blitz Kids
1762:. Vesper. pp. 215–217.
1684:"Rolling Stone Random Notes"
1132:University of Michigan Press
845:. In the UK, the arrival of
746:ran an issue which featured
615:in his "Berlin period", and
402:
272:in the style of the English
7:
3889:Counterculture of the 1980s
3621:Convergence (goth festival)
3387:List of gothic rock artists
2201:Reynolds, pp. 340 and 342-3
1585:Russell, Tony, ed. (1983).
960:
699:The second British invasion
588:the use of synthesizers in
230:stars of the 1970s such as
202:, play a major part in the
106:era coupled with the early
10:
3905:
3808:Murder of Sophie Lancaster
2275:. Piscataway, New Jersey:
1696:. 17 July 1981. p. 6.
1562:Edinburgh University Press
1313:Edinburgh University Press
853:, has been claimed by the
800:Do They Know Its Christmas
702:
622:After the breakthrough of
580:
468:David Bowie's androgynous
459:
454:
263:historical Romantic themes
38:
31:
3790:
3717:
3644:
3588:
3547:
3511:
3433:Cassandra Peterson/Elvira
3395:
3347:Siouxsie and the Banshees
3324:
3276:
3198:Rip It Up and Start Again
3128:
3102:
2867:
2692:"The Blitz Club Archives"
1616:I Love 1981, at 02:44mins
52:Boy George performing at
3636:List of gothic festivals
3626:Bats Day in the Fun Park
2646:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas
2642:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas
2365:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas
2337:Erlewine, Stephen Thomas
1530:. pp. 326 and 410.
1522:Reynolds, Simon (2005).
1495:O'Byrne, Robert (2009).
1212:Aimpsummit2019.sched.com
1124:Cateforis, Theo (2011).
988:
943:Blonde Boy, Red Lipstick
54:Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club
39:Not to be confused with
3204:Second British Invasion
2527:25 November 1995 page 9
2158:Reynolds, pp.306-7, 311
1970:New Romantics: The Look
1812:Johnstone, Sam (2013).
1789:McFarland & Company
1692:. Tuscaloosa, Alabama:
1560:. Edinburgh, Scotland:
1372:Evans, Richard (2009).
1341:Buckley, David (2005).
1311:. Edinburgh, Scotland:
1233:"Richard James Burgess"
1130:. Ann Arbor, Michigan:
926:Documentaries and films
716:Second British Invasion
705:Second British Invasion
204:Second British Invasion
3879:1980s in British music
3864:Theories of aesthetics
3611:Lumous Gothic Festival
3382:Fields of the Nephilim
2779:Steve Strange (2003).
2425:"The Smiths: A Eulogy"
2277:Transaction Publishers
834:
806:" and Culture Club's "
790:
617:Yellow Magic Orchestra
473:
320:
292:, Hollywood starlets,
278:Russian constructivism
65:underground subculture
57:
3884:British popular music
2809:Walker, John. (1992)
2423:(26 September 1987).
2394:(25 September 2012).
2171:The Death of New Wave
2098:. Faber & Faber.
1968:Rimmer, Dave (2003).
1783:Metzer, Greg (2008).
1474:New Sounds New Styles
1156:"Adventures in synth"
983:List of New Romantics
957:, premiered in 2022.
904:, Plastic Fantastic,
820:
772:
467:
314:
282:Bonnie Prince Charlie
112:Richard James Burgess
87:and Romantic Rebels.
51:
3357:The Sisters of Mercy
3226:Yugoslavian new wave
3032:New wave of new wave
2461:ministryofrock.co.uk
2400:ministryofrock.co.uk
2149:Reynolds, pp. 412–3.
1976:. pp. 105–106.
1822:Taylor & Francis
1791:. pp. 139–140.
1587:Encyclopedia of Rock
1470:"Kahn and Bell Shop"
1043:Guardian Media Group
849:bands, particularly
765:Decline and revivals
382:; style commentator
206:of the U.S. charts.
3844:Musical subcultures
3718:Film and literature
3616:Whitby Goth Weekend
3601:M'era Luna Festival
3575:Death Guild (1993–)
3565:Batcave (1982–1985)
3548:Notable club nights
3177:La Movida Madrileña
3170:Neue Deutsche Härte
3165:Neue Deutsche Welle
3017:Neue Deutsche Welle
2953:Garage rock revival
2496:. London, England:
2246:. London, England:
2216:Shapersofthe80s.com
2112:Reynolds, pp. 334–5
2056:Rimmer, pp. 100–102
2034:. London, England.
2031:The Daily Telegraph
1820:. London, England:
1689:The Tuscaloosa News
1526:. London, England:
1414:Infobase Publishing
1409:The 1980s and 1990s
1378:. London, England:
1347:. London, England:
1243:on 27 November 2020
1041:. London, England:
718:. The switch to a "
265:, including frilly
139:A Flock of Seagulls
3767:The Goodbye Family
3606:Drop Dead Festival
3596:Wave-Gotik-Treffen
3570:Slimelight (1987–)
3555:F Club (1977–1982)
3503:Wednesday Mourning
2596:Officialcharts.com
1610:Ant, Adam (2001).
835:
833:and leather gloves
791:
494:Great Queen Street
474:
321:
258:(Peter Robinson).
58:
3826:
3825:
3818:Vampirefreaks.com
3746:The Addams Family
3468:Patricia Morrison
3234:
3233:
3182:Little band scene
3120:Synth-pop artists
3047:Post-punk revival
2990:Minneapolis sound
2882:Alternative dance
2790:978-0-7528-4936-2
2771:978-0-415-14726-2
2572:. London, England
2438:978-1-59376-460-9
2308:Reynolds, p. 517.
2218:. 22 January 2010
2168:Cateforis, Theo.
2138:on 11 March 2011.
2022:(22 April 2006).
1899:. London, England
1647:. London, England
1508:978-0-7112-2895-5
1455:978-1-84788-592-0
1423:978-1-60413-386-8
1412:. New York City:
1389:978-1-906032-12-8
1141:978-0-472-03470-3
1134:. pp. 47–8.
1073:. New York City:
685:Adam and the Ants
619:'s early albums.
563:Le Phonographique
524:to form the band
346:Adam and the Ants
338:Vivienne Westwood
163:Adam and the Ants
16:(Redirected from
3896:
3798:Gother Than Thou
3478:Elizabeth Fraser
3277:Associated music
3270:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3159:New Wave Theatre
3110:New wave artists
2870:genres or scenes
2850:
2843:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2794:
2775:
2745:
2732:
2726:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2534:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2514:25 November 1995
2508:
2502:
2501:
2493:The Sunday Times
2487:
2481:
2480:Reynolds, p. 523
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2455:(31 July 2010).
2449:
2443:
2442:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2380:on 28 June 2011.
2376:. Archived from
2361:
2355:
2354:
2353:on 16 July 2011.
2349:. Archived from
2333:
2327:
2326:Reynolds, p. 535
2324:
2318:
2317:Reynolds, p. 342
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2208:
2202:
2199:
2186:
2185:
2184:on 23 July 2011.
2183:
2177:. Archived from
2176:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2141:
2139:
2134:. Archived from
2122:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2027:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1878:on 27 July 2010.
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1439:
1428:
1427:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1338:
1327:
1326:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1239:. Archived from
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1194:SouthWales.ac.uk
1186:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1028:
1002:
999:
977:
972:
971:
883:The Sunday Times
878:the Human League
632:UK Singles Chart
607:" of bands like
590:progressive rock
319:collection, 1981
175:the Human League
143:Classix Nouveaux
21:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3849:Neo-romanticism
3829:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3786:
3740:Edgar Allan Poe
3713:
3645:Art and fashion
3640:
3584:
3580:Xmortis (2004–)
3543:
3512:Regional scenes
3507:
3448:Monica Richards
3423:Andrew Eldritch
3396:Notable figures
3391:
3367:Alien Sex Fiend
3337:Christian Death
3320:
3272:
3269:Goth subculture
3268:
3265:
3235:
3230:
3124:
3115:Post-punk bands
3098:
3000:Neo-psychedelia
2869:
2863:
2854:
2811:"New Romantics"
2801:
2791:
2772:
2754:
2752:Further reading
2749:
2748:
2744:, May 31, 2022.
2733:
2729:
2721:
2717:
2704:
2703:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2465:
2463:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2421:Reynolds, Simon
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2389:
2385:
2362:
2358:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2279:. p. 441.
2267:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2250:. 23 April 2002
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2189:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1887:
1883:
1868:"Steve Strange"
1866:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1832:
1824:. p. 363.
1814:"New Romantics"
1810:
1806:
1799:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1725:
1718:
1705:
1701:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1583:
1579:
1572:
1564:. p. 124.
1552:
1545:
1538:
1528:Faber and Faber
1520:
1516:
1509:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1440:
1431:
1424:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1351:. p. 318.
1339:
1330:
1323:
1315:. p. 132.
1303:
1294:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1178:. 27 July 2010.
1174:
1173:
1169:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1122:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1089:
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1077:
1061:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1029:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
973:
966:
963:
928:
789:stage in the UK
767:
707:
701:
585:
579:
577:Styles of music
549:Martin Degville
462:
457:
442:(OMD) frontman
405:
396:
350:Malcolm McLaren
220:
218:Characteristics
108:Romantic period
44:
41:Neo-romanticism
37:
30:
23:
22:
18:New Romanticism
15:
12:
11:
5:
3902:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3874:1980s in music
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3854:New wave music
3851:
3846:
3841:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3753:Triana Orpheus
3749:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
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3686:
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3676:
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3670:
3669:
3664:
3654:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3631:World Goth Day
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3589:Notable events
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3544:
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3509:
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3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3413:Siouxsie Sioux
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:Dead Can Dance
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3294:Gothic country
3291:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3256:
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2852:
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2824:
2823:
2818:
2807:
2800:
2799:External links
2797:
2796:
2795:
2789:
2776:
2770:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2727:
2715:
2697:
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2665:
2658:
2633:
2608:
2583:
2554:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2482:
2473:
2453:Nickson, Chris
2444:
2437:
2412:
2392:Nickson, Chris
2383:
2356:
2328:
2319:
2310:
2301:
2299:Rimmer, p. 126
2292:
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2229:
2203:
2187:
2160:
2151:
2142:
2114:
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2086:
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2049:
2011:
1989:
1982:
1960:
1958:O'Byrne, p. 81
1951:
1932:
1910:
1881:
1859:
1837:
1831:978-1134755547
1830:
1804:
1798:978-0786438181
1797:
1775:
1769:978-8377312438
1768:
1756:Weiss, Wiesław
1747:
1716:
1699:
1675:
1658:
1629:
1602:
1595:
1577:
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1536:
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1429:
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1416:. p. 37.
1395:
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1382:. p. 16.
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986:
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978:
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953:, directed by
927:
924:
867:new wave music
839:heartland rock
766:
763:
727:Spandau Ballet
703:Main article:
700:
697:
661:rhythm section
645:Spandau Ballet
581:Main article:
578:
575:
534:Ashes to Ashes
461:
458:
456:
453:
449:Paul Humphreys
444:Andy McCluskey
417:New York Dolls
404:
401:
395:
392:
244:gender bending
219:
216:
135:Spandau Ballet
116:Spandau Ballet
90:Influenced by
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3901:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
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3877:
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1164:. 1 May 2008.
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804:The Wild Boys
801:
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777:stage at the
776:
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757:Rolling Stone
753:
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545:Kahn and Bell
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498:Covent Garden
495:
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486:Steve Strange
483:
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77:Kahn and Bell
74:
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42:
35:
27:
19:
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3774:The Munsters
3772:
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3758:
3751:
3744:
3689:Edward Gorey
3488:Lisa Gerrard
3443:Dinah Cancer
3408:Peter Murphy
3403:Robert Smith
3352:Joy Division
3208:
3196:
3157:
3135:
3129:Other topics
3067:Electroclash
3057:Sophisti-pop
3027:New Romantic
3026:
2985:Minimal wave
2943:Electroclash
2936:Neoclassical
2814:
2780:
2760:
2739:
2730:
2722:
2718:
2709:
2700:
2686:
2677:
2668:
2649:
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2621:45worlds.com
2620:
2611:
2599:. Retrieved
2595:
2586:
2574:. Retrieved
2569:The Guardian
2567:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2541:
2532:
2525:Melody Maker
2524:
2519:
2512:Melody Maker
2511:
2506:
2500:. p. 1.
2491:
2485:
2476:
2464:. Retrieved
2460:
2447:
2431:. Catapult.
2428:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2399:
2386:
2378:the original
2371:
2359:
2351:the original
2344:
2341:"The Smiths"
2331:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2271:
2264:
2252:. Retrieved
2241:
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2215:
2206:
2179:the original
2170:
2163:
2154:
2145:
2136:the original
2129:
2108:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2071:
2061:
2052:
2040:. Retrieved
2029:
2020:Rhodes, Nick
2014:
2002:. Retrieved
1992:
1969:
1963:
1954:
1945:
1935:
1923:. Retrieved
1913:
1901:. Retrieved
1896:The Guardian
1894:
1884:
1876:the original
1871:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1840:
1817:
1807:
1784:
1778:
1759:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1732:
1708:
1702:
1687:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1644:The Guardian
1642:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1615:
1605:
1586:
1580:
1556:
1523:
1517:
1497:
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1473:
1464:
1444:
1408:
1374:
1367:
1349:Random House
1343:
1307:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1241:the original
1236:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1170:
1161:The Guardian
1159:
1150:
1126:
1100:. Retrieved
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1068:
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1038:The Observer
1036:
997:
975:1980s portal
948:
947:
942:
940:
931:
929:
920:Melody Maker
919:
913:
893:Melody Maker
891:
881:
875:
836:
831:pirate shirt
808:The War Song
792:
755:
748:Annie Lennox
741:
739:
724:
708:
681:lovers’ rock
665:
657:
624:Tubeway Army
621:
586:
557:
541:Hurst Street
538:
514:Billy Currie
511:
502:
475:
438:
426:
406:
397:
368:the Selecter
364:the Specials
354:
331:
325:
322:
316:
260:
252:Culture Club
221:
208:
183:Simple Minds
171:Depeche Mode
151:Culture Club
120:
89:
61:New Romantic
60:
59:
45:
26:
3781:The Sandman
3704:Backcombing
3684:Rose Mortem
3674:Lip Service
3667:Health Goth
3519:Camden Town
3453:Lisa Hammer
3284:Gothic rock
3077:Electropunk
2995:Mod revival
2958:Gothic rock
2948:Electropunk
2868:Associated
2734:Rachel Ho,
2678:Radio Times
2466:13 February
2405:13 February
2126:"Synth pop"
2079:22 December
1734:The Quietus
1380:Anova Books
1267:NZ Musician
955:Kevin Hegge
915:Fever Pitch
855:music press
779:JFK Stadium
735:Jim Fouratt
689:Bow Wow Wow
673:Philly soul
637:Duran Duran
571:Marc Almond
506:Mick Jagger
482:Dean Street
399:Romantics.
394:Terminology
380:Thatcherism
376:urban decay
342:Bow Wow Wow
288:and 1930s'
286:Incroyables
240:androgynous
232:David Bowie
131:Duran Duran
92:David Bowie
3833:Categories
3735:Tim Burton
3730:Literature
3483:Doc Hammer
3473:Carl McCoy
3418:Ian Curtis
3362:The Damned
3289:Gothabilly
3192:Industrial
3072:Electropop
2973:Madchester
2968:Jangle pop
2909:Dance-punk
2904:Dance-rock
2877:Avant-funk
2817:, 3rd. ed.
2542:Zttaat.com
2073:PopMatters
1983:0711993963
1972:. London:
1925:11 January
1903:11 January
1740:20 January
1710:Smash Hits
1669:Smash Hits
1480:7 December
1080:7 December
1075:Condé Nast
1009:References
851:the Smiths
847:indie rock
843:roots rock
752:Boy George
649:Boy George
628:Gary Numan
605:Kraut rock
594:electronic
553:Boy George
490:Rusty Egan
384:Peter York
248:Boy George
236:Roxy Music
147:Boy George
100:Roxy Music
96:Marc Bolan
81:Blitz Kids
73:Birmingham
3859:Synth-pop
3813:Post-punk
3699:Deathhawk
3662:Cybergoth
3529:Cleveland
3428:Nick Cave
3311:Dark wave
3306:Cold wave
3301:Deathrock
3221:Vaporwave
3216:Synthwave
3187:Punk rock
3148:Chillwave
3082:Freestyle
3062:Synth-pop
3005:Dream pop
2963:Indie pop
2926:Dark wave
2921:Deathrock
2861:post-punk
2783:. Orion.
2626:7 January
2601:7 January
2547:7 January
1998:"Bustier"
1946:Bbc.co.uk
1217:7 January
821:Pop star
720:new music
613:Brian Eno
609:Kraftwerk
583:Synth-pop
567:Soft Cell
530:cloakroom
518:Midge Ure
433:Dave Ball
429:Soft Cell
403:Rejection
388:New Right
362:revival (
284:, French
228:glam rock
224:punk rock
196:synth-pop
191:Talk Talk
179:Soft Cell
104:glam rock
3791:See also
3760:The Crow
3694:Big hair
3332:The Cure
3010:Shoegaze
2914:New rave
2899:Coldwave
2894:Art punk
2857:New wave
2741:Exclaim!
2648:(eds.).
2373:AllMusic
2369:"R.E.M."
2346:AllMusic
2243:BBC News
2222:17 March
2131:AllMusic
2036:Archived
1758:(2016).
1247:8 August
961:See also
908:, Viva,
863:jangling
859:new wave
829:jacket,
823:Adam Ant
795:Live Aid
783:Ultravox
775:Live Aid
743:Newsweek
731:Sade Adu
653:Adam Ant
597:art rock
522:Ultravox
408:Adam Ant
372:the Beat
333:The Face
296:and the
294:Puritans
276:period,
274:Romantic
155:Ultravox
3657:Fashion
3539:Toronto
3524:Chicago
3342:Bauhaus
3153:Electro
3037:No wave
3022:New pop
2576:26 July
2498:News UK
2042:30 June
2004:30 June
1852:28 July
1694:Gannett
1102:28 July
1048:24 July
950:Tramps!
936:La Roux
902:Orlando
898:Britpop
871:new pop
787:Wembley
695:beat".
693:Burundi
630:in the
603:, the "
478:Billy's
460:Origins
455:History
306:mullets
298:Pierrot
290:Cabaret
256:Marilyn
214:scene.
85:Dandies
63:was an
56:in 2001
3210:Sounds
3089:2 Tone
2787:
2768:
2656:
2435:
2283:
2254:15 May
1980:
1828:
1795:
1766:
1651:26 May
1622:27 May
1593:
1568:
1534:
1505:
1476:. 1981
1452:
1420:
1386:
1355:
1319:
1286:Jaxsta
1138:
827:hussar
677:reggae
669:Motown
643:, and
641:Visage
526:Visage
357:2 tone
317:Pirate
302:quiffs
270:shirts
254:, and
127:Visage
83:, New
69:London
3438:Eva O
3103:Lists
3094:Ultra
2978:Baggy
2887:Grebo
2182:(PDF)
2175:(PDF)
1070:Vogue
989:Notes
910:Sexus
906:Minty
601:disco
559:Leeds
412:Japan
159:Japan
3725:Film
3143:CBGB
3052:Romo
2859:and
2785:ISBN
2766:ISBN
2654:ISBN
2628:2021
2603:2021
2578:2011
2549:2021
2468:2024
2433:ISBN
2407:2024
2281:ISBN
2256:2011
2224:2017
2081:2023
2044:2013
2006:2013
1978:ISBN
1927:2019
1905:2019
1854:2014
1826:ISBN
1793:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1742:2023
1653:2012
1624:2019
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