1809:
144:
80:
216:
409:. The specification of the API calls is very similar across the different languages, apart from inevitable differences of syntax. The API calls for version 2 were rather different from those in version 3, but are also supported by versions 3 and 4 for backward compatibility. Application programmers using supported languages need not normally be concerned with the file structure itself, even though it is available as open formats.
660:
making the file "self-describing"), that provide a definitive description of what the data in each variable represents, and of the spatial and temporal properties of the data (including information about grids, such as grid cell bounds and cell averaging methods). This enables users of data from different sources to decide which data are comparable, and allows building applications with powerful extraction,
644:"NetCDF (network Common Data Form) is a set of interfaces for array-oriented data access and a freely-distributed collection of data access libraries for C, Fortran, C++, Java, and other languages. The netCDF libraries support a machine-independent format for representing scientific data. Together, the interfaces, libraries, and format support the creation, access, and sharing of scientific data."
182:
The project started in 1988 and is still actively supported by UCAR. The original netCDF binary format (released in 1990, now known as "netCDF classic format") is still widely used across the world and continues to be fully supported in all netCDF releases. Version 4.0 (released in 2008) allowed the
455:
ncview is a visual browser for netCDF format files. This program is a simple, fast, GUI-based tool for visualising fields in a netCDF file. One can browse through the various dimensions of a data array, taking a look at the raw data values. It is also possible to change color maps, invert the data,
696:
communications. Using the high-level netCDF data structures, the
Parallel-NetCDF libraries can make use of optimizations to efficiently distribute the file read and write applications between multiple processors. The Parallel-NetCDF package can read/write only classic and 64-bit offset formats.
659:
The
Climate and Forecast (CF) conventions are metadata conventions for earth science data, intended to promote the processing and sharing of files created with the NetCDF Application Programmer Interface (API). The conventions define metadata that are included in the same file as the data (thus
504:
is an interactive computer visualization and analysis environment designed to meet the needs of oceanographers and meteorologists analyzing large and complex gridded data sets. Ferret offers a
Mathematica-like approach to analysis; new variables may be defined interactively as mathematical
700:
Parallel I/O in the
Unidata netCDF library has been supported since release 4.0, for HDF5 data files. Since version 4.1.1 the Unidata NetCDF C library supports parallel I/O to classic and 64-bit offset files using the Parallel-NetCDF library, but with the NetCDF API.
530:
and contain rectilinear grids with equally-spaced coordinates. The
Multidimensional Tools toolbox can be used to create raster layers, feature layers, and table views from netCDF data in ArcMap, or convert feature, raster, and table data to
511:
is an interactive desktop tool that is used for easy access, manipulation, and visualization of earth science data. GrADS has been implemented worldwide on a variety of commonly used operating systems and is freely distributed over the
519:
programming language. Variables, attributes, and dimensions can be immediately downloaded to the IDL command line for further processing. All the Coyote
Library files necessary to run nCDF_Browser are available in the zip
467:
and thus platform independent. Although its feature set overlaps with ncBrowse and ncview, Panoply is distinguished by offering a wide variety of map projections and ability to work with different scale color
709:
The netCDF C library, and the libraries based on it (Fortran 77 and
Fortran 90, C++, and all third-party libraries) can, starting with version 4.1.1, read some data in other data formats. Data in the
836:
of the data access layer is a generalization of the NetCDF-3 data model, and substantially the same as the NetCDF-4 data model. The coordinate system layer implements and extends the concepts in the
482:
programming language can access netCDF files with the PyNIO module (which also facilitates access to a variety of other data formats). netCDF files can also be read with the Python module
1605:
1828:
333:
The software libraries supplied by UCAR provide read-write access to netCDF files, encoding and decoding the necessary arrays and metadata. The core library is written in
795:
There are a number of other formats in development. Since each of these is accessed transparently through the NetCDF API, the NetCDF-Java library is said to implement a
697:
Parallel-NetCDF cannot read or write the HDF5-based format available with netCDF-4.0. The
Parallel-NetCDF package uses different, but similar APIs in Fortran and C.
844:
specifications. The identification of coordinate systems and data typing is ongoing, but users can plug in their own classes at runtime for specialized processing.
505:
expressions involving data set variables. Calculations may be applied over arbitrarily shaped regions. Fully documented graphics are produced with a single command.
357:, which extends the core data model and adds additional functionality. Interfaces to netCDF based on the C library are also available in other languages including
317:
data format. NetCDF users can create HDF5 files with benefits not available with the netCDF format, such as much larger files and multiple unlimited dimensions.
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580:
551:
1822:
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ncBrowse is a generic netCDF file viewer that includes Java graphics, animations and 3D visualizations for a wide range of netCDF file conventions.
203:. Version 4.9.0 (2022) added support for zstandard compression. Further releases are planned to improve performance, add features, and fix bugs.
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64:
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enables users to manage netCDF-4/HDF5 files through a high-level language (similar to SQL) in C, C++, Java, Python, C#, Fortran and R.
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layer identifies specific types of data, such as grids, images, and point data, and adds specialized methods for each kind of data.
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layer identifies the coordinates of the data arrays. Coordinates are a completely general concept for scientific data; specialized
739:
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Pavel Michna and with contributions from Milton Woods (2015). RNetCDF: Interface to NetCDF Datasets. R package version 1.7-3.
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Full backward compatibility in accessing old netCDF files and using previous versions of the C and
Fortran APIs is supported.
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979:
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It is an input/output format for many GIS applications, and for general scientific data exchange. To quote from their site:
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data file format. Version 4.1 (2010) added support for C and
Fortran client access to specified subsets of remote data via
1684:
1474:
David Pierce (2014). ncdf4: Interface to Unidata netCDF (version 4 or earlier) format data files. R package version 1.13.
1229:
460:
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is multi-platform graphical browser for netCDF files. netCDF Explorer can browse files locally or remotely, by means of
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353:, and one for Fortran 90. An independent implementation, also developed and maintained by Unidata, is written in 100%
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1233:
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The Java common data model has three layers, which build on top of each other to add successively richer semantics:
437:(NCO) suite, which provide a range of commands for manipulation and analysis of netCDF files including basic record
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1079:
1408:
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171:(UCAR). They are also the chief source of netCDF software, standards development, updates, etc. The format is an
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OpenChrom: a cross-platform open source software for the mass spectrometric analysis of chromatographic data
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The netCDF-4/HDF5 format was introduced in version 4.0; it is the HDF5 data format, with some restrictions.
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The classic format was used in the first netCDF release, and is still the default format for file creation.
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The 64-bit offset format was introduced in version 3.6.0, and it supports larger variable and file sizes.
71:
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A wide range of application software has been written which makes use of netCDF files. These range from
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and self-describing, machine-independent data formats that support the creation, access, and sharing of
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176:
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840:. The scientific data type layer allows data to be manipulated in coordinate space, analogous to the
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541:. Averaging can be performed during import to allow handling of large datasets in a GUI software.
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The NetCDF-Java library currently reads the following file formats and remote access protocols:
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format can be read by the netCDF C library if created using the HDF4 Scientific Data (SD) API.
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coordinate systems, important to the Earth Science community, are specially annotated.
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475:(NCL) is used to analyze and visualize data in netCDF files (among other formats).
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The netCDF libraries support multiple different binary formats for netCDF files:
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packages. A number are listed below, and a longer list is on the UCAR website.
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The CDF5 format is supported, in coordination with the parallel-netcdf project.
175:. NetCDF Classic and 64-bit Offset Format are an international standard of the
167:
scientific data. The project homepage is hosted by the Unidata program at the
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which describes the layout of the rest of the file, in particular the data
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310:. The data are stored in a fashion that allows efficient subsetting.
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which focuses on presentation of geo-gridded data. It is written in
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Starting with version 4.0, the netCDF API allows the use of the
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layer, also known as the syntactic layer, handles data reading.
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294:, as well as arbitrary file metadata in the form of name/value
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The format was originally based on the conceptual model of the
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Interoperability of C/Fortran/C++ libraries with other formats
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workstation and batch system can handle NetCDF together with
508:
342:
1825:; section 4.2 contains a comparison of CDF, HDF, and netCDF.
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called Parallel-NetCDF (or PnetCDF) has been developed by
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provides support for read and write access to netCDF data.
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format can be read, with some restrictions. Data in the
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versions after 9.2 support netCDF files that follow the
254:, but has since diverged and is not compatible with it.
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objects. Version 4.8.0 (2021) added further support for
574:
195:
builds. Version 4.7.0 (2019) added support for reading
515:
nCDF_Browser is a visual nCDF browser, written in the
459:
Panoply is a netCDF file viewer developed at the NASA
191:. Version 4.3.0 (2012) added a CMake build system for
1151:"Software for Manipulating or Displaying NetCDF Data"
275:
The HDF4 SD format is supported for read-only access.
1305:"xarray: N-D labeled arrays and datasets in Python"
1840:
765:version 1 and version 2 (ongoing work on tables)
720:
976:"OGC standard netCDF Classic and 64-bit Offset"
433:command line utilities for netCDF files is the
169:University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
1823:"An Introduction to Distributed Visualization"
1834:List of software utilities using netCDF files
509:The Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS)
1014:
1807:
1488:https://cran.r-project.org/package=RNetCDF
1382:. Dfanning.com. 2013-11-23. Archived from
1357:. Dfanning.com. 2013-11-23. Archived from
732:Format Documentation (ongoing development)
142:
78:
838:Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions
655:Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions
601:ships a converter under the terms of the
563:supports netCDF through packages such as
528:Climate and Forecast Metadata Conventions
1771:
1476:https://cran.r-project.org/package=ncdf4
740:Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
1841:
1001:"Background - The NetCDF Users' Guide"
735:CINRAD level II (Chinese Radar format)
257:
210:
1355:"Coyote's Guide to IDL Programming"
1230:Goddard Institute for Space Studies
1128:. hackage.haskell.org. 2014-07-10.
546:Geospatial Data Abstraction Library
461:Goddard Institute for Space Studies
328:
13:
1750:. Unidata.ucar.edu. Archived from
1501:, Philip Wenig, Juergen Odermatt,
1103:. Cran.r-project.org. 2012-07-19.
1053:. Unidata.ucar.edu. Archived from
1022:"CDF - Frequently asked questions"
667:
14:
1875:
1794:
1451:"NetCDF network Common Data Form"
1430:"NetCDF Importing and Processing"
1126:"hnetcdf: Haskell NetCDF library"
878:(Flexible Image Transport System)
791:NEXRAD Radar level 2 and level 3.
781:NetCDF (classic and large format)
1864:Meteorological data and networks
1859:Earth sciences graphics software
778:(HDF4, HDF-EOS2, HDF5, HDF-EOS5)
768:GTOPO 30-sec elevation dataset (
214:
1829:Animating NetCDF Data in ArcMap
1780:from the original on 2013-12-02
1765:
1740:
1729:from the original on 2013-11-29
1715:
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1687:from the original on 2013-11-04
1673:
1662:from the original on 2013-12-02
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1560:from the original on 2008-12-01
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1535:from the original on 2013-03-15
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1457:from the original on 2013-06-06
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1411:from the original on 2013-11-22
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1336:from the original on 2016-02-13
1322:
1311:from the original on 2016-09-01
1297:
1286:from the original on 2017-11-29
1272:
1261:from the original on 2013-11-25
1247:
1236:from the original on 2014-06-20
1214:
1203:from the original on 2014-02-12
1189:
1174:. Epic.noaa.gov. Archived from
1164:
1143:
1132:from the original on 2014-07-09
1107:from the original on 2013-12-02
1082:from the original on 2013-12-03
1078:. Cirrus.ucsd.edu. 2013-08-06.
1051:"Version 4.0 of the netCDF API"
1032:from the original on 2018-06-19
982:from the original on 2017-11-30
957:from the original on 2017-12-06
537:version 2021b supports netCDF
412:
16:File format for scientific data
1257:. Pyngl.ucar.edu. 2011-07-28.
1118:
1093:
1068:
1043:
993:
968:
943:
914:(eXtensible Model Data Format)
908:(eXtensible Data Model Format)
648:
608:
286:". This means that there is a
1:
923:
721:NetCDF-Java common data model
756:PORT Interface) image format
664:, and display capabilities.
567:(including HDF5 support) or
7:
1854:Earth sciences data formats
1817:— describes the file format
1579:"BUFR FORMAT DOCUMENTATION"
1556:. Mcs.anl.gov. 2013-11-17.
847:
678:Argonne National Laboratory
672:An extension of netCDF for
323:
10:
1880:
1709:February 12, 2008, at the
1625:December 14, 2005, at the
1608:September 5, 2008, at the
1531:. Unidata Program Center.
842:Open Geospatial Consortium
652:
206:
177:Open Geospatial Consortium
799:for scientific datasets.
121:
107:
99:
70:
60:
48:
36:
24:
1517:10.1186/1471-2105-11-405
888:Hierarchical Data Format
866:General Notation System)
776:Hierarchical Data Format
745:DORADE radar file format
157:Network Common Data Form
38:Internet media type
20:Network Common Data Form
1774:"NCDC: Radar Resources"
1681:"Unidata | GEMPAK"
1656:"GINI Satellite Format"
896:client-server protocols
682:Northwestern University
613:It is commonly used in
429:A commonly used set of
421:utilities to graphical
306:being addressed in the
85:; 18 months ago
1658:. Weather.unisys.com.
978:. Opengeospatial.org.
603:Eclipse Public License
349:applications, one for
302:, with issues such as
103:scientific binary data
1849:Computer file formats
1642:May 21, 2008, at the
684:. This is built upon
473:NCAR Command Language
1725:. Unidata.ucar.edu.
1683:. Unidata.ucar.edu.
1405:"ArcGIS version 9.2"
1199:. Meteora.ucsd.edu.
872:(Ein-Ausgabe-System)
826:scientific data type
625:applications (e.g.,
300:platform independent
44:application/x-netcdf
1815:NetCDF User's Guide
784:NetCDF-4 (built on
759:GEMPAK gridded data
627:weather forecasting
21:
1585:on October 9, 2007
1504:BMC Bioinformatics
1153:. Unidata.ucar.edu
1003:. Unidata.ucar.edu
951:"NetCDF Home Page"
854:Common Data Format
674:parallel computing
571:(no HDF5 support).
337:, and provides an
308:software libraries
258:Format description
248:Common Data Format
226:. You can help by
161:software libraries
108:Extended from
42:application/netcdf
26:Filename extension
19:
1776:. Ncdc.noaa.gov.
1554:"parallel-netcdf"
1529:"What Is netCDF?"
1330:"GrADS Home Page"
815:coordinate system
797:common data model
345:and two APIs for
282:All formats are "
244:
243:
150:
149:
61:Developed by
56:\211HDF\r\n\032\n
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1803:Official website
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953:. Unidata/UCAR.
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939:. 17 March 2023.
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884:(GRIdded Binary)
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435:NetCDF Operators
329:Access libraries
298:. The format is
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668:Parallel-NetCDF
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552:netCDF Explorer
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284:self-describing
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1795:External links
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1772:Steve Ansari.
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808:data access
752:Ingest and
649:Conventions
619:meteorology
615:climatology
609:Common uses
391:Mathematica
373:packages),
183:use of the
77:4.9.2
1843:Categories
1784:2013-11-27
1758:2013-11-27
1748:"NetCDF-4"
1733:2013-11-27
1691:2013-11-27
1666:2013-11-27
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1539:2012-11-26
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1172:"ncBrowse"
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1136:2014-07-10
1111:2013-11-27
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1061:2013-11-27
1036:2018-11-02
1007:2013-11-27
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924:References
834:data model
662:regridding
351:Fortran 77
304:endianness
296:attributes
1280:"netCDF4"
1222:"Panoply"
1101:"Rnetcdf"
599:OpenChrom
535:OriginPro
512:Internet.
494:with the
492:DataFrame
447:averaging
235:June 2024
197:Amazon S3
135:/software
1778:Archived
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848:See also
324:Software
129:.unidata
1255:"PyNIO"
900:Tecplot
894:OPeNDAP
585:Metview
569:RNetCDF
556:OPeNDAP
531:netCDF.
498:module.
468:tables.
387:Haskell
371:RNetCDF
347:Fortran
341:for C,
207:History
193:Windows
189:OPeNDAP
137:/netcdf
122:Website
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688:, the
686:MPI-IO
633:) and
524:ArcGIS
502:Ferret
496:xarray
490:-like
488:pandas
480:Python
407:Octave
395:MATLAB
379:Python
292:arrays
288:header
153:NetCDF
890:(HDF)
856:(CDF)
581:ECMWF
575:HDFql
565:ncdf4
520:file.
403:Julia
367:ncvar
131:.ucar
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1509:2010
1026:NASA
918:Zarr
912:XMDF
906:XDMF
882:GRIB
876:FITS
870:EAS3
860:CGNS
832:The
824:The
813:The
806:The
786:HDF5
770:USGS
763:GRIB
754:NOAA
750:GOES
730:BUFR
715:HDF4
711:HDF5
680:and
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471:The
465:Java
456:etc.
445:and
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375:Perl
369:and
363:ncdf
355:Java
315:HDF5
252:NASA
201:Zarr
185:HDF5
133:.edu
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864:CFD
694:MPI
690:I/O
635:GIS
583:'s
517:IDL
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343:C++
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116:HDF
112:CDF
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