235:. The details like "Nelcynda is distant from Muziris by river and sea about five hundred stadia..." and other evidences of ancient ports are used in arriving at these possibilities. Scholars have tried to identify the port of Nelcynda with Kallada on the Kallada River (Yule 1903), with Nirkunnam on the Meenachil River (Kanakasabhai 1904), with Niganda (which later on came to be known as Niranam) (I C Chacko 1979) and with Kottayam (Sastri 1955, Gurukkal and Whittakker 2001).
177:) is the best place for embarkation. If the wind, called Hippalus (Southwest Monsoon), happens to be blowing it is possible to arrive in forty days at the nearest market in India, "Muziris" by name. This, however, is not a very desirable place for disembarkation, on account of the pirates which frequent its vicinity, where they occupy a place called Nitrias; nor, in fact, is it very rich in articles of merchandise. Besides, the
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was the chief port of the
Pandyas on the West Coast and was connected with Korkai (Kayal) port on the East Coast and also through land route over the Western Ghats. Spices, pearls, diamonds and silk were exported to Egypt and Rome from these two ports on the South Western coast of India. Pearls and
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had a sustained commercial reputation from the days of the
Phoenicians and the Romans. Pliny (23-79 AD) mentions about Greek ships anchored at Musiris and Nelkanda. Musiris is identified with Kodungallur (then ruled by the Chera kingdom) and Nelkanda (Nelcyndis) with
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This assumption is possible from the mention "This place also is situated on a river, about one hundred and twenty stadia from the sea...". But there are no evidences of
Niranam being an ancient port. Barace can be identified as Varakkai.
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for shipping is a considerable distance from the shore, and the cargoes have to be conveyed in boats, either for loading or discharging. At the moment that I am writing these pages, the name of the king of this place is
Caelobothras
130:), distant from Tyndis by river and sea five hundred stadia, and up the river from the shore twenty stadia. Nelcynda is distant from Muziris by river and sea about five hundred stadia, and is of another Kingdom,
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of the
Periplus. There can be little doubt that this is the bar of red laterite which, a short distance south of Quilon, cuts short the backwater navigation, and is thence called the
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Nelcynda is mentioned by various authors under varying forms of the name. As has been already stated, it is
Melkunda in Ptolemy, who places it in the country of the
71:. In the Peutingerian Table it is Nincylda, and in the Geographer of Ravenna, Nilcinna. Pliny the Elder in his book Naturalis Historia calls the port Neacyndi.
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Writer and
Renowned Social Anthropologist Susan Visvanathan wrote a novella based on Nelcynda, called "Nelycinda and Other Stories" (Roli Books, 2012).
246:(Nelcynda) shares fame with Kodungallur (Muziris) as an ancient sea port on the Malabar coast of India from early centuries of the Christian era.
268:. That would also satisfy the mention "This place also is situated on a river, about one hundred and twenty stadia from the sea...." Yule writes
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diamonds came from Ceylon and the South eastern coast of India, then known as the
Pandyan kingdom. Yule identifies Nelcynda as
186:). Another port, and a much more convenient one, is that which lies in the territory of the people called Neacyndi, Bacare (
198:). The district from which pepper is carried down to Barace in boats hollowed out of a single tree is known as Cottonara (
155:(c. 23–77 CE) gives a description of voyages to India in the 1st century CE. He refers to many Indian ports in his work
118:; it is a village in plain sight by the sea. Muziris, of the same kingdom, abounds in ships sent there with cargoes from
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Musiris has been identified with
Muyirikota and Nelkynda with Kannetri. Caldwell's Dravidian Grammar, Introduction, 97
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194:) used to reign, dwelling at a considerable distance from the market in the interior, at a city known as Modiera (
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134:. This place also is situated on a river, about one hundred and twenty stadia from the sea...."
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The present location is actually not self-evident. Some researchers identity
Nelcynda with
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259:(then under the Pandyan rule). The inland sea port(kore-ke-ni) was also called Tyndis.
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or Limyrike, and then Muziris and Nelcynda, which are now of leading importance.
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Beyond price: pearls and pearl-fishing : origins to the Age of Discoveries
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That Nelkynda cannot have been far from this is clear from the vicinity of the
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284:. This is the only thing like a sea cliff from Mount D'Elv to Cape Comorin""
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Notes on the Oldest Records of the Sea-route to China from Western Asia
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Study points to ancient trade connection in Central Travancore
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Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Kola'ba and Janjira
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Caldwell is said to have identified it with Kannetri:
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27:) is a place in ancient Kerala. It was described in
357:The commerce and navigation of the Erythraean sea
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487:. American Philosophical Society, 1998, p. 100.
431:"[[Kollam]], On South India"
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43:. It was believed to be the capital of the
360:. Thacker, Spink & co., 1879, p. 134.
344:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 53 and 54
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501:. Govt. Central Press, 1883, p. 140.
219:. Other possible locations include
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59:is often identified with Nelcynda.
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317:Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency
140:The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
126:; it is located on a river (River
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514:Nelycinda and Other Stories
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165:To those who are bound for
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381:First English translation
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402:21 November 2008 at the
397:Inching Towards Nelcynda
106:, the first markets of
57:Pathanamthitta district
354:John Watson McCrindle
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419:Kollam, Indian Manual
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116:Kingdom of Cerobothra
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323:Nelcynda in fiction
158:The Natural History
148:The Natural History
34:The Natural History
407:Rational Discourse
593:History of Kerala
588:History of Kollam
98:Then come Naura (
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467:16 February
441:16 February
582:Categories
563:Ay kingdom
409:, 12(1):5.
331:References
282:Red Cliffs
221:Neendakara
179:road stead
132:Ay Kingdom
114:is of the
63:Variations
45:Ay kingdom
225:Nirkunnam
200:Kuttanadu
75:Citations
536:See also
457:"Kollam"
400:Archived
315:—
304:Kannetri
287:—
274:Red Hill
229:Kannetri
173:(On the
137:—
108:Damirica
92:Periplus
25:Νέλκυνδα
17:Nelcynda
558:Muziris
295:Niranam
266:Kallada
217:Niranam
213:Nakkada
196:Madurai
175:Red Sea
142:, 53-54
128:Periyar
53:Niranam
49:Nakkada
29:Pliny's
568:Kollam
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261:Kollam
257:Kollam
253:Quilon
248:Kollam
244:Kollam
239:Kollam
233:Kollam
192:Pandya
171:Ocelis
124:Greeks
120:Arabia
112:Tyndis
104:Tyndis
102:) and
100:Kannur
215:near
188:Puhar
167:India
51:near
519:ISBN
469:2012
443:2012
231:and
383:by
255:or
55:in
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69:Ay
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