402:
31:
503:
was on account of the ignorance of the majority to recognise that homosexuality is a completely natural condition, part of a range of human sexuality. The mis-application of this provision denied them the
Fundamental Right to equality guaranteed by Article 14. It infringed the Fundamental Right to non-discrimination under Article 15, and the Fundamental Right to live a life of dignity and privacy guaranteed by Article 21. The LGBT persons deserve to live a life unshackled from the shadow of being ‘unapprehended felons’.
651:, a similar law in that nation, which has not been enforced in decades, was declared unenforceable by its Supreme Court and is effectively dormant. However, differences in how constitutional matters are handled mean that the law cannot be removed without the consent of the electorate. Global News also noted that the nations of Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Pakistan face problems with LGBT people suffering from public discrimination, outside of the context of laws restricting homosexuality.
484:
and experiences of social exclusion, marginalization, and discrimination, as well as specific health needs, vary considerably. Nevertheless, these individuals are united by one factor - that their exclusion, discrimination and marginalization is rooted in societal heteronormativity and society’s pervasive bias towards gender binary and opposite-gender relationships, which marginalizes and excludes all non-heteronormative sexual and gender identities.
735:
721:
612:, issued a statement welcoming the ruling. The organisation remarked that the judgement should bring about "the beginning of a more equal and inclusive society". This was in contrast to its previous objection in the same case in 2009 when it was in government during the initial Naz Foundation case, stating that gay sex was 'immoral' and that it cannot be decriminalised.
276:, including between opposite-sex couples, it largely affected same-sex relationships. On 6 September 2018, the court unanimously declared the law unconstitutional "in so far as it criminalises consensual sexual conduct between adults of the same sex". The verdict was hailed as a landmark decision for
392:
The matter was heard from 17 January 2018 by a five-judge constitution bench of the
Supreme Court. On 10 July 2018, the SC commenced hearing of the pleas challenging the constitutionality of section 377. The bench ended its hearing on 17 July and reserved its verdict, asking for both sides to submit
502:
History owes an apology to the members of this community and their families, for the delay in providing redressal for the ignominy and ostracism that they have suffered through the centuries. The members of this community were compelled to live a life full of fear of reprisal and persecution. This
483:
Individuals belonging to sexual and gender minorities experience discrimination, stigmatization, and, in some cases, denial of care on account of their sexual orientation and gender identity. However, it is important to note that ‘sexual and gender minorities’ do not constitute a homogenous group,
419:
On 6 September 2018, the court delivered its unanimous verdict, declaring portions of the law relating to consensual sexual acts between adults unconstitutional. The Bench unanimously found that the criminalisation of sexual acts between consenting adults to be violation of the
Article 14, 15, 19,
561:
of the BJP, attacked the decision, questioning if the court will legalise sexual intercourse with animals in the name of personal liberty. He was of the view that the decision could be overruled "f it leads to excesses, including paedophilia, gay bars, increase in HIV cases, etc." The
2709:
709:(2023) stopped short of ruling in favor a right to marriage, civil union or adoption for same-sex couples under existing law, instead placing the onus on Parliament and the Cabinet to pass successive legislation to define the rights of same-sex couples.
1639:
1478:
345:. The opposition to decriminalisation petitions was led by Apostolic Alliance of Churches, Utkal Christian Council and Trust God Ministries. Advocate Manoj George represented the first two and Senior Advocate KS Radhakrishnan the third. The
646:
suggested that similar colonial laws in South Asia, modelled on India's
Section 377, could be declared unconstitutional following this verdict. The agency stated that the ruling "emboldened activists in neighbouring countries". In terms of
460:. It held that "the choice of whom to partner, the ability to find fulfilment in sexual intimacies and the right not to be subjected to discriminatory behaviour are intrinsic to the constitutional protection of sexual orientation".
1210:
1026:
1876:
340:
and Keshav Suri, and businesswoman Ayesha Kapur. This case was the first instance wherein the petitioners argued that they had all been directly aggrieved because of
Section 377, alleging it to be a direct violation of
1508:
2016:
1631:
1470:
1824:
1906:
1846:
1729:
577:
conveyed its agreement with the court's verdict as it didn't believe homosexuality was a crime, but did label the orientation as "unnatural". In
January 2018, the BJP's coalition partner, the
1579:
1699:
1669:
1120:
699:(2022) widened the definition of family under Indian law to include same-sex couples for the first time, ruling that families are deserving of equal protection under law guaranteed in the
1200:
545:(BJP), was one of the few parties which officially stayed silent on the verdict. Several party members did express their personal opinions on the subject, including the BJP spokesperson
1303:
1264:
1751:
1412:
1018:
960:
1868:
1941:
902:
1089:
1500:
1232:
318:. The petitioners claimed that the issues which they raised in their petition were varied and diverse from those raised in the pending curative petition in the 2013
829:
328:
had been earlier referred to a five-judge bench in order to decide whether the curative petition could be accepted for consideration. The petitioners were dancer
81:
2461:
2023:
1794:
1538:
1142:
2662:
1816:
549:, who said that any decision on the matter "takes in sync with the jurisprudential developments on gay rights the world over would be welcome". Meanwhile,
685:
stated that “his issue relates to social mores, values - so can you impose viewpoints on a majority when it so closely relates to a social value system?”
681:. Later, on 10 September, disc jockey and producer Johnson Ong Ming filed a lawsuit in court against Section 377A. However, Law and Home Affairs Minister
2082:
452:
pronounced that the court found "criminalising carnal intercourse" to be "irrational, arbitrary and manifestly unconstitutional". The court ruled that
1177:
938:
1898:
1854:
1721:
349:
government took a neutral stance, leaving the decision to the "wisdom of the court" as long as it applies to "consensual acts of adults in private".
3200:
2584:
2496:
695:
1563:
1448:
2369:
2066:
1691:
1661:
1112:
658:
2284:
1287:
2453:
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2074:
1379:
2604:
570:, has a record of saying relatively little about LGBT rights compared to other socio-political issues, and refused to comment on the same.
1759:
1256:
3443:
3438:
2594:
1402:
674:
1257:"All You Want To Know About 8 Cases Listed For Hearing By Constitution Bench From Wednesday (17 Jan) [Read Notice] | Live Law"
3195:
753:
250:
1609:
513:
The judgement also made note that LGBT community is entitled to equal citizenship and protection under law, without discrimination.
401:
2873:
2667:
2599:
1958:
McGoldrick, Dominic (2019). "Challenging the
Constitutionality of Restrictions on Same-Sex Sexual Relations: Lessons from India".
1933:
892:
2531:
2324:
2256:
2121:
1079:
1056:
700:
411:
869:
2113:
2009:
429:
320:
204:
98:
1471:"Section 377 Supreme Court hearing: Centre defers to 'wisdom of court'; Menaka Guruswamy says IPC section violates Article 15"
3408:
3383:
2589:
2548:
2316:
1239:
590:
3368:
3423:
2626:
2032:
788:
636:
welcomed the judgement, hoping that it will be the first step towards guaranteeing the full range of fundamental rights to
534:
315:
261:
268:
law which, among other things, criminalised homosexual acts as an "unnatural offence". While the statute criminalises all
2747:
2737:
2732:
2292:
463:
In his concurring opinion, Justice D.Y. Chandrachud, observing the discrimination, stigmatisation and magrinalisation of
2652:
2430:
2340:
2300:
2232:
2196:
2165:
2047:
1991:
837:
758:
2701:
2332:
2185:
2137:
2058:
1786:
763:
693:
The case also opened the door for development of rights for same-sex couples through successive litigation. The case
558:
225:
2677:
2221:
2212:
2094:
1530:
221:
3351:
3017:
1149:
582:
3378:
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3003:
3433:
3413:
621:
3315:
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2807:
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346:
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3143:
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609:
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342:
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welcomed what happened, with its South Asia director labelling the judgement as "hugely significant".
3418:
3285:
2568:
2390:
2361:
2276:
2157:
1899:"Singapore society has to decide which direction it wants to take on laws against gay sex: Shanmugam"
705:
1869:"After Section 377 verdict in India, Singapore DJ files court challenge against law banning gay sex"
456:
people in India are entitled to all constitutional rights, including the liberties protected by the
3356:
3260:
3240:
2488:
768:
648:
605:
184:
129:
1632:"'Step towards self-destruction': Far-right comes out against Supreme Court's Section 377 verdict"
1371:
415:
hence declaring all private consensual sexual acts between adults legal including homosexual ones.
3045:
1049:"Navtej Singh Johar & ors. vs. UoI: Supreme Court petition 29 June 2016 – Orinam Section 377"
563:
3265:
3080:
2968:
2909:
2517:
1995:
1937:
1501:"Section 377: BJP Has Nothing To Say About Supreme Court's Historic Verdict Legalizing Gay Sex"
833:
546:
542:
433:
in which the court upheld the law. However, other portions of
Section 377 relating to sex with
406:
386:
358:
254:
209:
41:
1331:
3373:
3280:
3255:
3250:
2996:
2896:
2887:
2563:
2267:
629:
457:
421:
162:
121:
961:"Gay sex decriminalised: History owes apology to LGBT community and kin, says Supreme Court"
3275:
3171:
2540:
974:
748:
389:
bench, which passed an order stating that the case would be heard by a constitution bench.
277:
1987:
Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. v. Union of India thr. Secretary
Ministry of Law and Justice
1019:"Read the wonderful new 377 challenge by 5 out-and-proud celebrities that'll hit SC today"
825:
Navtej Singh Johar & Ors. v. Union of India thr. Secretary
Ministry of Law and Justice
8:
3310:
3270:
3157:
3010:
2989:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2767:
1601:
525:
decided to abstain from the hearings and had left the matter to the "isdom of the ourt".
522:
366:
280:, with campaigners waiting outside the court cheering after the verdict was pronounced.
3235:
3225:
3136:
2935:
2930:
2904:
2797:
2742:
2618:
2146:
1319:
997:
965:
625:
30:
1048:
498:, acknowledging historical discrimination and apologizing for delay in redressal, said
324:
case, in which the Supreme Court had upheld the constitutionality of Section 377. The
3325:
3300:
3115:
3087:
1571:
1295:
978:
861:
781:
550:
166:
133:
3122:
3052:
3031:
1967:
1847:"Inspired by India, veteran Singapore diplomat calls for gays to challenge sex ban"
654:
150:
The Court decriminalised all consensual sex among adults, including homosexual sex.
3073:
3164:
3038:
3024:
2847:
1407:
472:
2001:
597:
saying, "They have the right to live the way they want. What can we say on it."
377:
for appropriate orders since a curative petition was already pending before the
3101:
2961:
2925:
2782:
2724:
2687:
2381:
1084:
633:
438:
288:
257:
that decriminalised all consensual sex among adults, including homosexual sex.
3402:
2477:
1817:"SL committed to non-discrimination based on sexual orientation: Nerin Pulle"
1575:
1299:
678:
594:
567:
495:
370:
170:
137:
982:
3320:
3150:
3108:
2827:
2817:
2636:
897:
740:
726:
703:
and benefits available under social welfare legislation. However, the case
682:
362:
329:
1971:
1113:"Section 377: Supreme Court refers fresh petition on homosexuality to CJI"
3129:
3094:
2852:
2777:
643:
554:
449:
434:
374:
333:
284:
265:
180:
158:
113:
1752:"United Nations in India welcomes Supreme Court judgment on Section 377"
673:
that Singaporean LGBT activists should take the opportunity to overturn
464:
3330:
3215:
2787:
2772:
2509:
1233:"Supreme Court Order - Navtej Johar vs Union of India - 8 January 2018"
442:
296:
3178:
2822:
1143:"Supreme Court Order - Navtej Johar vs Union of India - 29 June 2016"
970:
933:
666:
586:
578:
538:
476:
337:
1564:"Ruling and Opposition parties on the same side against Section 377"
3205:
2975:
2954:
2802:
2352:
1787:"India legalized homosexuality, but many of its neighbours haven't"
1205:
670:
662:
311:
273:
269:
1850:
468:
1403:"Marathon hearing on Section 377 concludes, SC reserves verdict"
2812:
1929:
Deepika Singh versus Central Administrative Tribunal & Ors.
1692:"Gay sex is immoral and can't be decriminalised, Govt tells HC"
373:
on 29 June 2016. An order was passed to post the matter before
2982:
2857:
2792:
893:"Campaigners celebrate as India decriminalises homosexuality"
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
677:, a position supported by Chief of Government Communications
665:
post. In response to Chesterman's post, Singaporean diplomat
637:
537:, a right-wing coalition, currently having a majority in the
453:
2733:
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015
448:
While reading the judgment, the then Chief Justice of India
3059:
1286:
Correspondent, Legal; Correspondent, Legal (10 July 2018).
1201:"Section 377 verdict: What has happened so far in the case"
1172:
308:
292:
1347:"Section 377 hearing: Live Updates from the Supreme Court"
1285:
802:
314:
in the Supreme Court challenging the constitutionality of
260:
The court was asked to determine the constitutionality of
769:
Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union Of India (2017)
2462:
Karnataka Sexual Minorities Forum v. State of Karnataka
2738:
Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act 2021
528:
1441:"India Strikes Down Colonial-Era Law Against Gay Sex"
1439:
Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schultz, Kai (6 September 2018).
2663:
Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019
716:
2083:
National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India
409:of 6 September 2018 overturning its own verdict in
2489:Justice K. S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union Of India
1372:"Fall of Sec. 377 will embolden LGBTQ people: CJI"
1198:
1080:"Who Argued What In Challenge Against Section 377"
581:had supported legalisation, with its member and a
2220:
2031:
393:written submissions for their claims by 20 July.
3400:
3201:KASHISH Mumbai International Queer Film Festival
2866:
2497:Deepika Singh v. Central Administrative Tribunal
1438:
696:Deepika Singh v. Central Administrative Tribunal
357:The petition was first placed before the former
2710:HIV and AIDS (Prevention and Control) Act, 2017
2370:Arun Kumar v. Inspector General of Registration
2067:Arun Kumar v. Inspector General of Registration
1662:"Homosexuality not a crime, but unnatural: RSS"
659:National University of Singapore Faculty of Law
383:Navtej Singh Johar and others v. Union of India
2285:Adhila Nasarin v. State Commissioner of Police
117:
2525:
2454:Vyjayanti Vasanta Mogli v. State of Telangana
2241:Chanchal Bhattacharya v. State of West Bengal
2075:Chanchal Bhattacharya v. State of West Bengal
2017:
283:Elements of Section 377 relating to sex with
1434:
1432:
1430:
1077:
427:This decision overturns the 2013 ruling in
2532:
2518:
2024:
2010:
1957:
836: 6 September 2018), archived from
661:, congratulated India on the verdict in a
307:On 27 April 2016, five people filed a new
226:Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation
29:
3196:Chennai International Queer Film Festival
1781:
1779:
1777:
1427:
1400:
862:"Historic India ruling legalises gay sex"
759:S Sushma v. Commissioner of Police (2021)
754:List of landmark court decisions in India
2874:National Council for Transgender Persons
2668:Rights of Transgender Persons Bill, 2014
2539:
1110:
922:
920:
774:
764:Chinmayee Jena v. State of Odisha (2020)
400:
2325:Sultana Mirza v. State of Uttar Pradesh
2122:Naz Foundation v. Govt. of NCT of Delhi
1714:
1558:
1556:
1288:"SC to hear pleas to scrap Section 377"
1199:India TV News Desk (6 September 2018).
412:Suresh Kumar Koushal vs. Naz Foundation
3401:
2114:Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation
1909:from the original on 13 September 2018
1879:from the original on 13 September 2018
1797:from the original on 10 September 2018
1774:
1702:from the original on 10 September 2018
1531:"BJP mum on SC verdict on Section 377"
1165:
941:from the original on 15 September 2020
926:
430:Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation
205:Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation
197:This case overturned a previous ruling
99:Suresh Kumar Koushal v. Naz Foundation
63:Secretary Ministry of Law and Justice
3384:Zoroastrianism and sexual orientation
2513:
2317:Poonam Rani v. State of Uttar Pradesh
2005:
1827:from the original on 8 September 2018
1642:from the original on 8 September 2018
1541:from the original on 8 September 2018
1511:from the original on 8 September 2018
1451:from the original on 6 September 2018
1344:
917:
701:Article 14 of the Indian Constitution
533:The largest constituent party of the
246:Secretary Ministry of Law and Justice
2688:Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code
2106:Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India
1612:from the original on 9 November 2020
1553:
1092:from the original on 1 November 2019
927:Pundir, Pallavi (6 September 2018).
890:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
316:Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code
262:Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code
24:Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India
3369:Bahá'í Faith and sexual orientation
3347:Christianity and sexual orientation
2293:Rohit Sagar v. State of Uttarakhand
1382:from the original on 18 August 2018
1168:"Section 377: All you need to know"
688:
529:Political parties and organisations
494:In her concurring opinion, Justice
13:
3444:Decriminalization of homosexuality
3439:Indian Fundamental Rights case law
2431:S Sushma v. Commissioner of Police
2341:Sreeja S v. Commissioner of Police
2301:S Sushma v. Commissioner of Police
2233:S Sushma v. Commissioner of Police
2197:S Sushma v. Commissioner of Police
2166:S Sushma v. Commissioner of Police
1951:
1921:
1853:. 7 September 2018. Archived from
1744:
1306:from the original on 19 April 2023
1213:from the original on 19 April 2023
1180:from the original on 19 April 2023
1059:from the original on 15 April 2023
1029:from the original on 15 April 2023
891:Safi, Michael (6 September 2018).
872:from the original on 27 March 2019
14:
3455:
2333:Chinmayee Jena v. State of Odisha
2059:Chinmayee Jena v. State of Odisha
1979:
1934: Civil Appeal No 5308 of 2022
1732:from the original on 20 June 2024
1582:from the original on 20 June 2024
1481:from the original on 20 June 2024
1345:Bench, Bar & (10 July 2018).
929:"I Am What I Am. Take Me as I Am"
843:
516:
2743:Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021
1415:from the original on 7 June 2023
1267:from the original on 2 June 2023
1166:Taneja, Richa (8 January 2018).
1123:from the original on 6 June 2023
1016:
905:from the original on 26 May 2019
733:
719:
385:) was listed to be heard by the
222:Criminalization of Homosexuality
3352:Buddhism and sexual orientation
3018:Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga
1891:
1861:
1839:
1809:
1684:
1672:from the original on 2 May 2023
1654:
1624:
1594:
1523:
1493:
1463:
1394:
1364:
1338:
1279:
1249:
1225:
1192:
1159:
1135:
381:. On 8 January 2018, the case (
332:, journalist Sunil Mehra, chef
243:
125:
60:
3379:Sikhism and sexual orientation
3362:LGBT themes in Hindu mythology
3004:Chitrangada: The Crowning Wish
1722:"India decriminalises gay sex"
1602:"Subramanian Swamy on Twitter"
1104:
1071:
1041:
1010:
953:
884:
675:Section 377A of the Penal Code
622:non-governmental organisations
352:
239:
56:
1:
2627:LGBT Rights Case Law in India
2033:LGBT Rights Case Law in India
795:
632:also praised the ruling. The
302:
3409:Supreme Court of India cases
2808:Naz Foundation (India) Trust
2748:Adoption Regulations of 2022
1173:New Delhi Television Limited
789:Jones v. Trinidad and Tobago
573:The right-wing organisation
535:National Democratic Alliance
465:sexual and gender minorities
7:
3424:Indian LGBT rights case law
3144:Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan
2715:Mental Healthcare Act, 2017
2423:XYZ v. State of Maharashtra
2309:Ujjawal v. State of Haryana
2174:Queerala v. State of Kerala
712:
615:
610:United Progressive Alliance
575:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
541:(House of the People), the
396:
236:
53:
16:Indian LGBT Rights Case Law
10:
3460:
1940: 16 August 2022),
1401:TNM Staff (17 July 2018).
3339:
3214:
3188:
2946:
2918:
2895:
2886:
2760:
2723:
2700:
2676:
2651:
2644:
2635:
2617:
2577:
2556:
2547:
2476:
2441:
2414:
2405:
2391:Supriyo v. Union of India
2380:
2362:Supriyo v. Union of India
2351:
2277:Devu G v. State of Kerala
2266:
2255:
2211:
2184:
2158:Devu G v. State of Kerala
2145:
2136:
2093:
2046:
2039:
1111:FP Staff (29 June 2016).
706:Supriyo v. Union of India
220:
215:
202:
195:
190:
176:
154:
149:
144:
109:
104:
94:
89:
76:
68:
47:
37:
28:
23:
3357:Hinduism and LGBT topics
2578:Relationship recognition
649:LGBT rights in Sri Lanka
606:Indian National Congress
557:(Council of the States)
1960:Human Rights Law Review
564:Prime Minister of India
3081:Margarita with a Straw
2969:Angry Indian Goddesses
2910:Homosexuality in India
1996:Supreme Court of India
1938:Supreme Court of India
1002:: CS1 maint: others (
834:Supreme Court of India
547:G. V. L. Narasimha Rao
543:Bharatiya Janata Party
511:
492:
416:
407:Supreme Court of India
359:Chief Justice of India
255:Supreme Court of India
210:Supreme Court of India
59:versus Union of India
42:Supreme Court of India
3374:LGBT people and Islam
1875:. 12 September 2018.
1857:on 13 September 2018.
775:Similar Foreign Cases
630:Amnesty International
500:
481:
458:Constitution of India
405:The judgement of the
404:
122:Rohinton Fali Nariman
3434:2018 in LGBT history
3414:LGBT rights in India
2541:LGBT rights in India
1638:. 6 September 2018.
1537:. 7 September 2018.
1507:. 6 September 2018.
977:. 6 September 2018.
975:Indian Express Group
969:. Express Web Desk.
868:. 6 September 2018.
749:LGBT rights in India
595:Arvind Sawant Ganpat
583:member of parliament
467:due to dominance of
291:sexual acts such as
278:LGBT rights in India
2990:Arekti Premer Golpo
2843:Sappho for Equality
2838:Samabhavana Society
2833:Sahodari Foundation
2768:Fifty Shades of Gay
2415:Police Interactions
1972:10.1093/hrlr/ngy041
1903:Channelnewsasia.com
1762:on 8 September 2018
1263:. 15 January 2018.
1245:on 15 January 2018.
1155:on 15 January 2018.
523:Government of India
422:Indian Constitution
375:Justice Dipak Misra
235:Navtej Singh Johar
52:Navtej Singh Johar
3429:2018 in Indian law
2798:Lawyers Collective
1992: 2018 INSC 746
1944:from the original.
1666:The Times of India
1570:. 8 January 2018.
1445:The New York Times
1330:has generic name (
1078:Arpan Chaturvedi.
1053:Orinam Section 377
966:The Indian Express
830: 2018 INSC 790
626:Human Rights Watch
417:
379:constitution bench
343:fundamental rights
330:Navtej Singh Johar
242:v. Union of India
3396:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3123:Romil & Jugal
3116:Randu Penkuttikal
3088:Memories in March
3053:Kapoor & Sons
2882:
2881:
2867:Government bodies
2756:
2755:
2696:
2695:
2613:
2612:
2507:
2506:
2472:
2471:
2401:
2400:
2251:
2250:
2207:
2206:
2132:
2131:
782:Lawrence v. Texas
551:Subramanian Swamy
489:para. 72, page 93
445:remain in force.
441:sexual acts, and
299:remain in force.
251:landmark decision
231:
230:
167:D. Y. Chandrachud
134:D. Y. Chandrachud
3451:
3419:2018 in case law
2893:
2892:
2864:
2863:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2554:
2553:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2511:
2510:
2412:
2411:
2264:
2263:
2218:
2217:
2143:
2142:
2044:
2043:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2003:
2002:
1989:
1975:
1945:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1783:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1758:. Archived from
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1696:Outlookindia.com
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1628:
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1617:
1598:
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1587:
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1546:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1477:. 11 July 2018.
1467:
1461:
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1456:
1436:
1425:
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1398:
1392:
1391:
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1368:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1253:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1238:. Archived from
1237:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1148:. Archived from
1147:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1055:. 29 June 2016.
1045:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1023:Legallyindia.com
1014:
1008:
1007:
1001:
993:
991:
989:
957:
951:
950:
948:
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910:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
858:
841:
827:
821:
743:
738:
737:
736:
729:
724:
723:
722:
689:Successive cases
655:Simon Chesterman
602:opposition party
509:
508:para 20, page 50
490:
245:
241:
238:
185:A. M. Khanwilkar
130:A. M. Khanwilkar
127:
119:
105:Court membership
84:
72:6 September 2018
62:
58:
55:
33:
21:
20:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3388:
3335:
3217:
3210:
3184:
3165:The Pink Mirror
3025:Evening Shadows
2942:
2914:
2878:
2862:
2848:Srishti Madurai
2752:
2719:
2692:
2679:
2672:
2654:
2631:
2609:
2573:
2543:
2538:
2508:
2503:
2479:
2468:
2444:
2437:
2407:
2397:
2376:
2347:
2258:
2247:
2223:
2203:
2187:
2180:
2148:
2128:
2096:
2089:
2049:
2035:
2030:
1985:
1982:
1954:
1952:Further reading
1949:
1948:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1897:
1896:
1892:
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1690:
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1600:
1599:
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1562:
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1469:
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1437:
1428:
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1408:The News Minute
1399:
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1383:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1355:
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1351:Bar & Bench
1343:
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844:
823:
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491:
488:
399:
387:Chief Justice's
355:
305:
198:
85:
80:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3119:
3112:
3105:
3102:Njan Marykutty
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3067:Made in Heaven
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2997:Bombay Talkies
2993:
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2965:
2958:
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2926:Rainbow Awards
2922:
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2783:Humsafar Trust
2780:
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2615:
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2585:Andhra Pradesh
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2445:Discrimination
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2054:
2052:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2028:
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2014:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1981:
1980:External links
1978:
1977:
1976:
1966:(1): 173–185.
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
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1890:
1860:
1838:
1821:Dailymirror.lk
1808:
1773:
1743:
1726:Amnesty.org.uk
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1505:HuffPost India
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657:, dean of the
634:United Nations
617:
614:
604:in India, the
530:
527:
518:
517:Public Opinion
515:
505:
486:
439:non-consensual
398:
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351:
321:Koushal v. Naz
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289:non-consensual
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48:Full case name
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25:
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2:
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3074:Mango Soufflé
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2761:Organisations
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2443:Institutional
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2038:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1997:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1908:
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1900:
1894:
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1873:Firstpost.com
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1636:Firstpost.com
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1535:Deccan Herald
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