491:
547:, was called in to broker a deal securing supplies to Ukraine and transit to the EU. The package signed on 30 October 2014 included Russian supplies of gas to Ukraine in the period of November 2014 through March 2015, conditioned on the payment of undisputed Ukrainian gas debt ($ 3 billion). The price for November and December 2014 was set at $ 378 per thousand cubic meters, to be adjusted in January. Deliveries were to be prepaid. During that winter, Ukrainian monopoly
2261:
2083:
It was expected that
Olesska would produce 5 billion cubic metres per year - and possibly as much as 8-10 billion cubic metres, he said. The deal with Shell, which is at a similar level of investment, is for exploration at Yuzivska in eastern Ukraine. The two shale projects could provide Ukraine with
1018:
Ukraine has not imported gas directly from Russia since 2015, but it buys it from
Western traders as part of the Russian gas that goes through Ukrainian territory to Europe. If Russia maintains gas transit through Ukraine and transit gas pipelines remain operational, Ukraine is able to provide the
486:
since 1990. After 2004, Russia began to steadily raise the price of its natural gas exports to
Ukraine, aiming to bring prices in line with the rates paid by other European states. Until 2005, Ukraine was charged $ 50 per 1,000 m³; the price rose to $ 426 per 1,000 m³ in 2012. In January
435:
Despite its own production of natural gas, Ukraine still had to import about 80% of its natural gas needs in 1999. After 2008, the
Ukrainian volume of imports of natural gas dropped. According to estimates from 2017, Ukraine domestically supplies 63.8% of its own gas consumption, whereas 36.2% is
45:
During Soviet times, Ukraine produced a record of 68.7 bcm in 1976. At the time of independence in 1991, production was at 26.6 bcm, and fell in the 1990s to about 18 bcm. Since the mid-2000s, production has stabilised between 20 and 21 bcm. Over 70% of domestic gas production is extracted by
41:
of natural gas. In 2021, Ukraine produced 19.8 billion cubic meters (bcm or Gm) of natural gas. To satisfy domestic demand of 27.3 bcm that year, Ukraine relied on gas imports (2.6 bcm) and withdrawal from underground storage (4.9 bcm). Winter demand can reach 150 mcm per day.
808:
In 2008, Ukraine's gas production was 21.014 bcm with natural gas output rising 1.7% to 19.985 bcm. Ukraine boosted gas production by 1.1% (year-on-year) during
January–November 2009 to 19.413 billion cubic meters (bcm), with natural gas output rising 1.6% to 18.541
362:
is the largest consumer of natural gas in
Ukraine (accounting for 40% of domestic consumption), followed by households (over 30%), and communal heating systems for government buildings and residential properties (20%). It is estimated that 9% of gas is wasted.
562:
had to reduce the oil-linked gas price. On 9 January 2014, Naftogaz and Russia's
Gazprom signed a supplement to the Russian-Ukrainian gas contract, setting the price of natural gas for Ukraine in the first quarter of 2014 at $ 268.5 per 1,000 cubic meters.
1432:
According to preliminary data from the
Central Dispatching Department, Poland exported 118 million cubic meters of gas to Ukraine, and Hungary - 103 million cubic meters. Total gas imports from Russia and Europe were 2.126 billion cubic meters (bcm) in
693:. The Ukrainian government projected that the Yuzivska and Olesska projects together could provide Ukraine with an additional 11 to 16 bcm of natural gas per year by 2018. By 2030, a production of 6–11 bcm of shale gas a year is called for in
357:
Ukraine is a major natural gas consumer, being ranked thirteenth in the world and fifth in Europe. Consumption levels have fallen from 118 bcm in 1991 to less than 55 bcm in 2012, and from 50.4 bcm in 2013 to 29.8 bcm in 2019.
520:
These rapid price increases raised
Ukraine's annual cost of gas imports from less than $ 4 billion in 2005 to $ 14 billion in 2011 and 2012. Natural gas is Ukraine's biggest import at present and is the main cause of the
1190:
684:
stated that the (containing all expenditures) price of shale gas will be $ 120–130 per 1,000 cubic meters. On 5 November 2013, Ukraine signed a $ 10 billion shale gas production-sharing agreement with
933:
571:
Since the end of gas purchases from the
Russian Federation in November 2015, Ukraine has started to purchase natural gas from Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary, and is planning a provisional pipeline from
608:, which bypasses Ukraine, gas transit volumes have been steadily decreasing. In 2004, more than 120 bcm of Russian gas was transported through Ukraine; this figure dropped to just 84 bcm in 2012.
1019:
population and industry with gas. In theory, gas could be imported at up to 40 mcm per day, but this is barely feasible due to a lack of freely available resources in Europe and funds to buy it.
2613:
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415:
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was able to import limited quantities of gas from the EU (reverse flow from Slovakia, Poland, and Hungary) at Central European hub prices, around $ 250 per thousand cubic meters.
638:
are about 80–85% depleted, although there are still large quantities of unexploited gas reserves stored in hard-to-reach areas or solid rock. Ukraine has Europe's third largest
2853:
2705:
474:. Ukraine has not bought gas directly from Russia since 2015, sourcing it instead from traders of the gas which is transported through Ukraine to be sold elsewhere in Europe.
2858:
33:
each year, and since 2022 this has almost met demand. Ukraine has been estimated to possess natural gas reserves of over 670 billion cubic meters (in 2022), and in 2018 was
532:, it was agreed that the cost of Russian natural gas supplied to Ukraine would be lowered to $ 268 per 1,000 cubic metres from a price of more than $ 400 in December 2013.
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sold to Europe, which earns Ukraine about USD$ 3 billion per year in transit fees, making it the country's most lucrative export service. Following Russia's launch of the
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Natural gas - production 19.73 billion cu m (2017 est.); Natural gas - consumption 30.92 billion cu m (2017 est.); Natural gas - imports 12.97 billion cu m (2017 est.)
2906:
2891:
2838:
2790:
2785:
2760:
2618:
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2678:
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1600:
1200:
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Domestic production peaked in 1975 at 68.1 billion cubic meters (bcm). Since then production gradually declined, stabilising in recent years at around 20 bcm.
2008:
1123:
455:
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Ukraine will currently buy only Russian natural gas as its price is the best for the country, Energy and Coal Industry Minister Eduard Stavytsky has said.
2025:
529:
1582:
1573:
583:"). Ukraine buys natural gas from international gas traders as part of the volumes that Gazprom sends westwards through Ukraine as transit country.
1002:
34:
1609:
884:
69:, but instead buys it indirectly from traders in Western Europe as part of the Russian gas that transits through Ukraine. The contract to transit
1685:
620:
540:
387:
444:(about two-thirds of its gas in 2012). Since November 2012, Ukraine has diversified its suppliers of imported natural gas. On 9 January 2014,
2026:"Yuzivka: Between fake news and truth about Ukraine's gas independence Yuzivka: Between fake news and truth about Ukraine's gas independence"
1782:
1306:
1091:
2190:
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380:
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21:
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Naftogaz, Gazprom sign supplement to gas contract, set gas price for Ukraine in Q1, 2014 at $ 268.5 per 1,000 cubic meters - Stavytsky
615:
left many countries with a significant drop in their supplies when Russia cut off all natural gas supplies passing through Ukraine in
1914:
1889:
1591:
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ever for Ukraine. Full shale gas production was expected to depend on successful results from 15 test wells. On 13 September 2013,
100:
plans predicted that by 2030 about half of Ukraine's production will come from non-traditional gas deposits (including 6–11 bcm of
94:
from 1 bcm in 2011 to 3 bcm in 2015. In 2012, Black Sea production reached 1.2 bcm and was predicted to rise to 1.65 bcm in 2013.
2683:
2557:
796:
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an additional 11 to 16 billion cubic metres (bcm) of gas in five years' time, according to projections by the Kiev government.
376:
Ukraine announced on 26 March 2014 that household natural gas prices would rise by 50% from 1 May 2014 in order to receive an
2139:
445:
1032:
1803:
600:
In 2020, Ukraine transited more natural gas than any other country in the world, and it remains the main transit route for
913:
On 13 September 2013, Prime Minister Mykola Azarov expected that extraction of shale gas in Ukraine would begin from 2015.
1059:
616:
1971:
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1445:
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2519:
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1391:
2524:
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stated that Ukraine (at that time) will buy only Russian natural gas "because it's currently the most profitable".
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612:
483:
17:
2740:
2310:
2220:
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1470:
1229:
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https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-03/russia-to-charge-ukraine-more-than-germany-as-gas-discounts-end.html
1557:
508:
making a joint press statement on 18 January 2009 after they reached a deal on restoring gas supplies to both
2421:
1124:"Ukraine plans to end Russian gas transit contract in 2024 – interview for Deutsche Welle | Naftogaz Ukraine"
709:
241:
2441:
2436:
65:
Ukraine stopped buying gas from Russia in November 2015 to reduce gas dependence after the outbreak of the
2096:
1262:
900:
In June 2013, per 1,000 m, Ukraine paid $ 421.7 for natural gas from Russia, $ 388.6 for natural gas from
818:
Ukraine has lost access to the Black Sea around Crimea to Russia. The status of Crimea and of the city of
724:
in the West of Ukraine due to increased geopolitical risks and a collapse in European natural gas prices.
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1748:
1351:
1221:
377:
2550:
2431:
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1195:
831:
1766:
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1462:
835:
674:
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2501:
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678:
495:
423:
404:
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on 25 January 2013 involving the Yuzivska shale gas field. The $ 10 billion deal was the largest
2765:
2648:
2638:
2603:
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1303:
666:
502:
386:
In the first seven months of 2014, gas consumption in Ukraine fell by 15%; this was amidst the
221:
136:
108:
1518:
1458:
1213:
1071:
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2780:
2770:
2750:
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2386:
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2250:
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419:
251:
97:
70:
1491:
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2318:
2159:
1629:
Azarov: Russian gas from RWE costs Ukraine $ 100 less than gas bought on border with Russia
694:
605:
101:
2260:
2009:"Ukraine plans to end Russian gas transit contract in 2024 – interview for Deutsche Welle"
544:
8:
2466:
2456:
2328:
2280:
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1217:
827:
823:
717:
686:
536:
391:
291:
66:
1841:
Ukraine to issue Eurobonds; Russia will purchase $ 15 bln, says Russian finance minister
1288:
586:
The Russian Federation has refused to allow the transit of gas sales from Central Asia.
2476:
2446:
2371:
2356:
2333:
2240:
2215:
1645:
980:
891:". He also stated that Ukraine annually overpaid Russia USD$ 7 billion for natural gas.
887:
that we buy on the border with Russia, and RWE sells us the same gas that it buys from
713:
705:
646:
635:
522:
436:
imported from other countries. Traditionally, Ukraine imported natural gas mainly from
301:
82:
47:
1987:
1954:
1840:
1601:
Ukraine hopes for diversification of gas supply sources and emergence of new suppliers
1412:
1373:
1060:
http://www.oecd.org/corporate/SOE-Reform-in-the-Hydrocarbons-Sector-in-Ukraine-ENG.pdf
2491:
2406:
2401:
2351:
2323:
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2199:
1981:
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1474:
1466:
1346:
1225:
763:
721:
690:
670:
658:
370:
281:
112:
1241:
579:. There is no physical reverse flow yet, but a virtual reverse flow (also known as "
490:
2396:
2305:
2295:
1876:
1844:
1824:
1786:
1677:
State Duma approves denunciation of Russian-Ukrainian agreements on Black Sea Fleet
1653:
1632:
1613:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1420:
1377:
1191:"Kyiv's gas strategy: closer cooperation with Gazprom or a genuine diversification"
950:
826:; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider Crimea to be an
498:
448:
271:
131:
59:
700:
Ukraine originally expected commercial shale gas extraction to begin in 2017, but
2416:
2343:
1975:
1698:
1689:
1310:
1078:
111:
signed a deal to switch power and chemical production plants from natural gas to
38:
1939:
1799:
1111:
Today is the first anniversary since Naftogaz stopped importing gas from Russia.
1711:
1413:"Ukraine imports 221 mln cubic meters of gas from Europe in July - Ukrtransgaz"
1304:
UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity
654:
650:
505:
359:
331:
261:
191:
181:
151:
141:
1003:"Factbox: Ukraine's energy options limited in event of Russian gas disruption"
543:, severe tensions extended to the gas sector. The EU commissioner for energy,
466:
on 31 March 2014. In June 2014, Ukraine increased imports of natural gas from
2921:
2057:
1856:
1646:"Ukraine to buy only Russian gas due to advantageous price - energy minister"
864:
788:
681:
626:
The transit of Russian gas to Europe will probably cease at the end of 2024.
580:
1968:
1583:
Naftogaz Ukrainy buys 320-350 mcm of gas from Gazprom in May, says Stavytsky
934:"Ukraine's UGV brings new high-throughput domestic gas well into production"
62:, Smart Energy, Poltava Petroleum Company, Geo Alliance Group, and KUB-GAS.
1969:
The Russo-Ukrainian gas dispute of January 2009: a comprehensive assessment
1574:
Naftogaz to buy 18 b cubic meters of gas from Gazprom in 2014, says Bakulin
792:
555:
463:
437:
321:
311:
1374:
Only four regions regularly paying for gas in Ukraine – Naftogaz official
662:
411:
231:
201:
156:
146:
2535:
2053:
1676:
1459:
Ukraine at the Crossroads: Economic Reforms in International Perspective
1522:
1446:"Russia destroyed Ukraine's energy sector, so it's being rebuilt green"
819:
30:
1610:
Ukraine to continue diversification of energy supplies, says president
2140:"Kyiv Mayor Klitschko says no Russian troops in city: As it happened"
1783:
Ukraine pays $ 397.7 for gas from Europe in June, $ 421.7 from Russia
1680:
1245:
701:
639:
211:
91:
2168:
1828:
1761:
1749:
Ukraine set to sign landmark $ 10 billion shale gas deal with Shell
1730:
1702:
1693:
1292:
1099:
1048:
Figure: Ukraine's gas production in 1991-2019, billion cubic meters
876:
548:
366:
341:
127:
The oil and gas industry has activities in six regions of Ukraine:
51:
1767:
UPDATE 1-Ukraine signs landmark $ 10 bln shale gas deal with Shell
2116:"Shell to withdraw from shale gas exploration in eastern Ukraine"
1770:
1752:
1561:
1263:"Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions"
1062:, OECD Report on SOE Reform in the Hydrocarbons Sector in Ukraine
901:
880:
576:
572:
559:
513:
471:
462:
of $ 4.5 billion that had arisen after Russia denounced the 2010
459:
26:
888:
872:
509:
467:
441:
2054:
Shale gas extraction in Ukraine to start in 2015, says premier
1284:
1282:
1280:
1092:"Naftogaz open letter: a year without gas imports from Russia"
2075:"UPDATE 2-Ukraine signs $ 10 bln shale gas deal with Chevron"
1890:"Physical Flow: Drozdovichi Exit Point Ukrtransgaz (UA → PL)"
669:. Ukraine signed a 50-year production sharing agreement with
116:
834:, while Russia, on the other hand, considers Crimea to be a
1277:
1072:
http://agpu.org.ua/en/association/section-member_companies/
558:(the price halved between the middle and end of the year),
55:
589:
2207:
1860:
868:
1708:
Russia Cuts Gas to Ukraine While Maintaining Flow to EU
1558:
Ukraine picks Shell, Chevron to develop shale gas fields
90:
Ukraine aimed to increase natural gas production in the
2073:
Polityuk, Pavel; Balmforth, Richard (5 November 2013).
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
712:
region, located near the field, a collapse in European
1915:"Physical Flow: Beregdaróc Entry Point FGSZ (UA → HU)"
1592:
German RWE ready to supply gas to Ukraine via Slovakia
1519:
Europe Review 2003/4: The Economic and Business Report
1392:"IMF pledges $ 14bn-$ 18bn rescue package for Ukraine"
951:"The Forgotten Potential of Ukraine's Energy Reserves"
771: – Disputes between Naftogaz Ukrayiny and Gazprom
645:
There are two potentially large shale gas fields. The
2020:
2018:
1332:
997:
995:
993:
991:
414:
generators are used, as these are more difficult to
2097:"Ukraine sees 2017 for commercial shale gas output"
851:
For example, through heat loss during transmission.
373:(provinces) made regular payments for natural gas.
2015:
1033:"Top 4 reasons Ukraine's gas production is so low"
716:, and opposition from local residents. Similarly,
54:. Private gas production companies in Ukraine are
2072:
2068:
2066:
1699:Ukraine crisis: Russia halts gas supplies to Kiev
1690:Ukraine crisis: Russia halts gas supplies to Kiev
1242:Ukraine boosts gas production 1.1% up to November
988:
830:of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's
2919:
1857:Russia-Ukraine gas deal secures EU winter supply
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1624:
1622:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
760: – Fossil fuel financing-related conflicts
2063:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1214:A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples
744:Some pipelines in Ukraine were damaged by the
642:reserves, at 1.2 trillion cubic meters (tcm).
530:17 December 2013 Ukrainian–Russian action plan
388:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
2551:
2184:
2049:
2047:
1722:
1720:
119:in order to reduce reliance on imported gas.
1818:
1619:
1461:by Axel Siedenberg (Editor), Lutz Hoffmann,
1297:
1140:
968:
487:2013, Ukraine paid $ 430 per 1,000 m³.
1735:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1407:
1405:
904:, and $ 406.6 for natural gas from Hungary.
838:and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three
446:Ukrainian Energy and Coal Industry Minister
2558:
2544:
2191:
2177:
2044:
1834:
1792:
1717:
1383:
1256:
1254:
1030:
596:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
539:, which started in February 2014 with the
456:halted its natural gas supplies to Ukraine
369:stated on 17 December 2013 that only four
50:, a subsidiary of the state-owned company
29:extracts about 20 billion cubic meters of
22:Natural gas transmission system of Ukraine
2565:
2113:
1758:Shell for shale: Ukraine signs major deal
1498:. Central Intelligence Agency. 2022-04-06
1327:10 фактів про видобуток українського газу
1260:
458:because Ukraine refused to pay a debt to
397:
2089:
1825:Russia cuts Ukraine gas price by a third
1544:
1402:
1329:— Економічна Правда, 5 вересня 2019
1081:Associations of Gas Producers of Ukraine
824:under dispute between Russia and Ukraine
739:
489:
1389:
1251:
590:Ukraine as transit route of natural gas
2920:
1512:
758:2022 Russia–European Union gas dispute
484:several economic conflicts with Russia
168:Ukrainian natural gas reserves (2019)
76:
2539:
2198:
2172:
795:from 1920 until 24 August 1991, when
554:In 2014, due to a severe drop in the
482:Disputes over gas prices have led to
1806:from the original on 17 January 2009
1320:
945:
943:
1982:Oxford Institute for Energy Studies
1484:
541:Russian military invasion of Crimea
477:
13:
1940:"EU reaches gas deal with Ukraine"
1261:Gutterman, Steve (18 March 2014).
1031:Datskevych, Natalia (2020-02-20).
883:. This gas costs us less than the
867:stated "We currently buy gas from
523:country's structural trade deficit
162:
14:
2939:
2164:Energy Information Administration
2153:
1988:"Ukraine 'stealing Europe's gas'"
1955:"Ukraine 'stealing Europe's gas'"
1800:"'Gas to flow' after Moscow deal"
940:
797:Ukraine declared its independence
2259:
746:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
708:in 2015 as a consequence of the
403:This section is an excerpt from
2132:
2114:Olearchyk, Roman (2015-06-11).
2107:
2001:
1984:, Retrieved on October 13, 2009
1932:
1907:
1882:
1866:
1850:
1776:
1670:
1638:
1567:
1452:
1438:
1390:Buckley, Neil (27 March 2014).
1367:
1235:
1207:
907:
894:
854:
845:
812:
802:
782:
566:
1802:. BBC News. January 18, 2009.
1199:. 15 July 2013. Archived from
1116:
1084:
1065:
1053:
1024:
926:
381:$ 14–18 billion rescue package
1:
920:
242:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
1232:(page 563/564 & 722/723)
955:Harvard International Review
629:
405:Electricity in Ukraine § Gas
352:
73:expires at the end of 2024.
7:
1352:International Energy Agency
1222:University of Toronto Press
769:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
751:
613:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
18:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
10:
2944:
1196:Centre for Eastern Studies
832:cities with special status
727:
593:
430:
402:
122:
115:technologies developed by
80:
15:
2867:
2829:
2571:
2500:
2342:
2268:
2257:
2206:
1942:. BBC News. 1 August 2009
1463:Physica-Verlag Heidelberg
836:federal subject of Russia
675:foreign direct investment
1727:Country profile: Ukraine
1347:"Ukraine energy profile"
1315:China Central Television
775:
679:Ukrainian Prime Minister
496:Ukrainian Prime Minister
454:On 16 June 2014, Russia
1289:Ukraine crisis timeline
424:coal-fired power plants
2928:Natural gas in Ukraine
2614:Bosnia and Herzegovina
667:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
517:
503:Russian Prime Minister
398:Electricity generation
222:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
137:Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
109:China Development Bank
107:In 2012, Naftogaz and
2566:Natural gas in Europe
1957:. BBC. 2 January 2006
1919:Transparency Platform
1894:Transparency Platform
740:2022 Russian invasion
493:
252:Dnipropetrovsk Oblast
37:among countries with
2311:Pivdenno-Holitsynske
2221:Hlynsko-Rozbyshevske
1921:. ENTSOG. 2022-04-09
1896:. ENTSOG. 2022-04-09
871:and pump it through
695:Ukrainian Government
606:Nord Stream pipeline
98:Ukrainian government
58:, Ukrnaftoburinnya,
2830:States with limited
2462:Sukhodilska–Skhidna
2422:Komsomolets Donbasu
2146:. 26 February 2022.
2060:(16 September 2013)
1248:(December 10, 2009)
1218:Paul Robert Magocsi
828:autonomous republic
734:underground storage
732:There is 31 bcm of
687:Chevron Corporation
602:Russian natural gas
537:Russo-Ukrainian War
392:Russo-Ukrainian War
292:Zaporizhzhia Oblast
169:
77:Domestic production
67:Russo-Ukrainian war
2472:Yasynivska–Hlyboka
2442:Pivdennodonbaska 3
2437:Pivdennodonbaska 1
2032:. 21 December 2021
2011:. 24 October 2023.
1974:2009-10-15 at the
1847:(17 December 2013)
1831:(17 December 2013)
1496:The World Factbook
1492:"Ukraine - Europe"
1380:(17 December 2013)
1309:2018-03-04 at the
1077:2020-09-29 at the
981:CIA World Factbook
714:natural gas prices
704:pulled out of the
647:Yuzivska gas field
636:natural gas fields
634:Ukraine's largest
518:
302:Zakarpattia Oblast
167:
83:UkrGasVydobuvannya
48:UkrGasVydobuvannya
2915:
2914:
2533:
2532:
2487:Zhovtnevyi Rudnyk
2200:Energy in Ukraine
1990:. BBC. 2006-01-02
1863:(31 October 2014)
1773:(24 January 2013)
1764:(25 January 2013)
1755:(24 January 2013)
984:. 1 January 2018.
860:On 18 June 2013,
764:Energy in Ukraine
710:war in the Donbas
691:Olesska gas field
671:Royal Dutch Shell
659:Olesska gas field
545:Günther Oettinger
371:Ukrainian Oblasts
350:
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282:Chernivtsi Oblast
113:coal gasification
2935:
2868:Dependencies and
2572:Sovereign states
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1616:(30 August 2013)
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499:Yulia Tymoshenko
478:Prices of import
449:Eduard Stavytsky
272:Chernihiv Oblast
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132:Chernihiv Oblast
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2103:. 16 May 2012.
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1712:Bloomberg News
1705:(16 June 2014)
1696:(16 June 2014)
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1635:(18 June 2013)
1618:
1607:(17 June 2013)
1598:(14 June 2013)
1589:(13 June 2013)
1580:(13 June 2013)
1566:
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1539:978-0749440671
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1479:978-3790811896
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1203:on 2013-10-23.
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655:Kharkiv Oblast
651:Donetsk Oblast
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594:Main article:
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506:Vladimir Putin
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1656:. 2014-01-09
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1423:. 2014-08-07
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1237:
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1194:
1131:. Retrieved
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1104:. Retrieved
1102:. 2016-11-25
1095:
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1036:
1026:
1017:
1011:. Retrieved
1009:. 2022-02-24
1006:
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959:. Retrieved
957:. 2020-10-10
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793:Soviet Union
784:
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736:in Ukraine.
731:
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610:
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585:
570:
567:Reverse flow
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534:
527:
519:
481:
464:Kharkiv Pact
453:
438:Turkmenistan
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365:
356:
322:Odesa Oblast
312:Volyn Oblast
126:
106:
96:
89:
86:
64:
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2897:Isle of Man
2832:recognition
2806:Switzerland
2741:Netherlands
2387:Dobropilska
2315:Shmidtivske
2291:Holitsynske
2270:Natural gas
2251:Prilukskoye
2236:Lelyakivsky
2231:Kachanivsky
1961:16 December
1810:January 18,
1039:. Kyiv Post
885:Russian gas
663:Lviv Oblast
649:located in
535:During the
418:than large
412:gas-turbine
410:Many small
232:Sumy Oblast
202:Lviv Oblast
176:Millions m
157:Sumy Oblast
147:Lviv Oblast
71:Russian gas
35:ranked 26th
2776:San Marino
2736:Montenegro
2716:Luxembourg
2696:Kazakhstan
2599:Azerbaijan
2482:Zhdanivska
2452:Skochinsky
2392:Faschivska
2377:Pokrovs'ke
2362:Bilozerska
2319:Shebelinka
2125:2022-03-08
1994:2008-12-16
1979:page 53-55
1925:2022-04-10
1900:2022-04-10
1660:2022-04-09
1541:(page 384)
1531:0749440678
1523:Kogan Page
1502:2022-04-09
1481:(page 393)
1471:3790811890
1427:2022-04-10
1230:1442610212
1133:2023-12-30
1106:2022-04-10
1043:2022-04-10
1013:2022-02-27
961:2022-02-27
921:References
820:Sevastopol
657:, and the
81:See also:
31:fossil gas
16:See also:
2887:Gibraltar
2711:Lithuania
2467:Vinnytska
2457:Kapitalna
2329:Shtormove
2281:Bezimenne
1681:ITAR-TASS
1246:Kyiv Post
976:"Ukraine"
640:shale gas
630:Shale gas
420:gas-fired
353:Consumers
212:Black Sea
104:a year).
102:shale gas
92:Black Sea
2922:Category
2907:Svalbard
2892:Guernsey
2839:Abkhazia
2791:Slovenia
2786:Slovakia
2761:Portugal
2619:Bulgaria
2477:Zasyadko
2447:Svitanok
2372:Bilytska
2357:Bazhanov
2334:Yuzivska
2241:Lopushna
2216:Dolynske
2144:ABC News
1972:Archived
1946:1 August
1829:BBC News
1804:Archived
1762:Euronews
1731:BBC News
1703:BBC News
1694:BBC News
1525:, 2004,
1465:, 1999,
1307:Archived
1293:BBC News
1269:26 March
1224:, 2010,
1100:Naftogaz
1075:Archived
1037:Business
877:Slovakia
752:See also
575:through
549:Naftogaz
367:Naftogaz
342:Azov Sea
196:270,868
186:317,630
52:Naftogaz
2816:Ukraine
2766:Romania
2726:Moldova
2684:Ireland
2679:Iceland
2674:Hungary
2664:Germany
2659:Georgia
2649:Finland
2644:Estonia
2639:Denmark
2624:Croatia
2609:Belgium
2604:Belarus
2594:Austria
2589:Armenia
2584:Andorra
2579:Albania
2502:Nuclear
2492:Zuivska
2407:Kalinin
2402:Hlyboka
2352:Almazna
2324:Skifska
2286:Foroska
2160:Ukraine
2101:Reuters
2079:Reuters
2036:15 June
1771:Reuters
1753:Reuters
1650:Economy
1562:Reuters
1417:Economy
1359:15 June
1007:Reuters
902:Germany
881:Hungary
789:Ukraine
728:Storage
718:Chevron
697:plans.
581:netting
577:Moldova
573:Romania
560:Gazprom
528:In the
514:Ukraine
472:Hungary
460:Gazprom
431:Imports
266:12,591
256:13,079
246:16,761
236:29,443
226:30,556
216:37,506
206:72,272
173:Region
123:Regions
60:Burisma
27:Ukraine
2902:Jersey
2844:Kosovo
2811:Turkey
2801:Sweden
2781:Serbia
2771:Russia
2756:Poland
2751:Norway
2731:Monaco
2701:Latvia
2669:Greece
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2306:Pallas
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889:Russia
873:Poland
510:Europe
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442:Russia
416:attack
316:1,022
306:1,289
296:2,987
286:3,408
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776:Notes
702:Shell
494:Then
117:China
2344:Coal
2038:2022
1963:2008
1948:2009
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1535:ISBN
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