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Native American fashion

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their works. Ponca changed the direction of Native American fashion by allowing the designers to determine whether their works would include traditional influences and media. She taught them garment design, structural integrity, and color theory, but allowed students to interpret how they used the lessons. Ponca's approach was to ignore demands to make designs fit stereotypical definitions of Indigenous identity. Instead she encouraged creativity and innovation, like utilizing
38: 3938: 5034: 669:. It specified that for artists to market their works as Native American, they must be enrolled in a state or federally recognized tribe or be certified by a tribal council as a member and must disclose their affiliated tribe. The law aimed to curtail the misappropriation of Native American designs by non-Natives wishing to capitalize on the Indigenous market. For Indigenous Americans, their symbols, such as the 1033:." These outfits were based on Mexican and Navajo skirts and Western Apache camp dresses. The dresses, also known as Fiesta, Kachina, Tohono or Patio Dresses "represented both idealized femininity and Americanness because of their Native American origins." These dresses, knowingly appropriating Indigenous styles, were considered a "fashion sensation" of the time, according to the 873:, as a cross-cultural fashion endeavor, uniting designers from Africa with Marcus Amerman, Dorothy Grant, Patricia Michaels, and Virginia Yazzie Ballenger for the annual fashion show at the Santa Fe Indian Market. It was a unique opportunity for designers from diverse Indigenous populations to share designs and methods of economic empowerment. In 2009, 150:
stereotypes and spurs controversy. Similarly, utilizing artisan craftwork can expand awareness if designers are fairly compensated for their work and given credit for their contributions. Contemporary controversies have spurred both crowd-sourced and legislative action to protect the designs and cultural heritage of Indigenous designers.
1039:. The Navajo style that influenced the creation of Squaw Dresses was itself an adaptation of European styles by Navajo women. The bodice of a Squaw Dress drew from Western Apache and Tohono O'odham styles. Squaw dresses were popular in the United States for around 20 years. The original "designer" of the Squaw Dress was 320:
To encourage other Indigenous artists to enter fashion design and safeguard cultural traditions which he feared might be lost, New turned his attention to education in 1959, sponsoring a summer design project, known as the Southwest Indian Arts Project. The experimental project eventually resulted in
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Controversy has emerged over the misappropriation or inappropriate use of cultural heritage by non-Native designers. Respectful use of imagery by mainstream designers who are not Indigenous can help expand appreciation of Native cultures, but plagiarism of design or malapropos use reinforces negative
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was founded in the 1980s as a collaborative association of Indigenous artists, designers, and models, who were alumni of IAIA, with the express purpose of building a contemporary, Native fashion design movement and allowing members to profit from their fashion shows. With New as an advisor and Ponca
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show, were all too frequent occurrences. Though the law made it illegal to sell items by those not affiliated as a tribal member, little could be done when designs, symbols, or names were usurped. The law, written to protect the tribes and their cultures as a whole, does not cover individuals, with
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As Native American designers recognized that marketing to Indigenous peoples alone limited their business sustainability, they increasingly created clothing that is derived from their cultural heritage but has been adapted to appeal to a larger aesthetic. Early designers tended to approach fashion
417:) took over instruction of her traditional techniques course and offered "Traditional and Contemporary Fashion Design" to include current fashion trends. Fife's students formed the Full Moon Fashions group and began targeting non-native women as prospective buyers for their products. In 1982, when 429:
in accordance with other accredited university curricula, offering three levels of instruction. She founded the Waves of the Earth Fashion Group and required her students to participate in the fashion shows of the IAIA, giving them an opportunity to show their creations and discover how to market
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with mainstream buyers. As the field of Native designers in high fashion expanded, individual designers moved away from pan-Indianism, expressing their individual identity, whether or not it was based on their specific tribal heritage. Many have taken Indigenous themes and incorporated them into
337:) was hired to instruct students in the traditional techniques used to make garments and accessories, laying the groundwork for the aesthetic appreciation of tribal traditions. She taught students to use traditional materials like feathers, leather and shells, and methods including beadwork, 341:
and weaving to create garments. By 1965, IAIA was hosting local fashion shows. Within three years, the students had begun showing their works in other venues in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and New York. Within ten years, the reputation of the textile design programs at the school had gained
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Historical clothing of Native American peoples has been collected and displayed by curators of major museums with a focus on pre-20th century attire. For the most part, these collections failed to take into consideration the shift in clothing trends among Indigenous peoples brought about by
325:(IAIA) in 1962. The purpose of the school was to provide an education that fostered pride in students' Indigenous heritage and featured the development of skills designed to improve their economic opportunities. New taught a printed textiles course focused on dying techniques, and 992:. The exhibition and its catalog spotlighted on contemporary Native American fashion. Featuring designs from 75 fashion designers from throughout Canada and the United States, the exhibit presented a range of styles and designs from diverse cultures, such as Alano Edzerza ( 885:
called "Beyond Buckskin". Metcalfe used the blog to promote Native American designers, to talk about how they fit into popular culture and also to hold companies accountable when they attempted to appropriate Native culture. The following year, Patricia Michaels formed
284:. "Southwestern chic" became a national trend in the early 1950s. In 1951, New was the only Native American designer who participated in the Atlantic City International Fashion Show, winning national recognition. He began to consult with artists and incorporated 1078:
clothed a model in a "Native-inspired" bikini and giant war headdress at their fashion show that same year. Victoria's Secret was again accused of cultural appropriation in their 2017 fashion show, which featured outfits inspired by traditional Native fashion.
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Non-Native companies and individuals have attempted to use Native American motifs and names in their clothing designs. As early as the 1940s, Anglo designers in the United States had developed a type of one and two-piece dresses called
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of Tucson, Arizona. Gonzales herself said of her dresses, "I didn't design them; I lifted them. The Indian women were already wearing them." Other people involved in promoting and working on the designs included the designers
802:(Navajo), a noted weaver, the fashion curriculum at IAIA was eliminated in 1995, though momentum for high fashion works produced by native designers was rising. Among Ponca's students at IAIA in the 1990s were the designers 3565: 842:. Her women's jacket titled "Weathered Text: No Trespassing by the Taos War Chief." won the Best of Class award in the textiles category at the Santa Fe Indian Market in 2010. Another of Ponca's students, Brenda Wahnee ( 579:-Navajo) founded a design firm, Traditions by Selina, aimed at preserving the traditions of her heritage. Her typical designs are based on the Apache camp dress with a full, ankle-length skirt and long sleeves. 167:
in New York City's 2017 "Native Fashion Now" exhibit featured Project Runway finalist Patricia Michaels and The Museum of Indian Arts and Culture in Santa Fe held exhibits as early as 2007 on Native couture and
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policies throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries focused on eradicating Native American culture, including religious observance, language, and other traditional practices. Later, policies such as the 1934
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and long dresses made of polyester fabrics with felt insets depicting geometric figures and native motifs. Jacobsen's work featured loose-fitting dresses featuring decorative techniques, such as embroidered
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Leavitt, Peter A.; Covarrubias, Rebecca; Perez, Yvonne A.; Fryberg, Stephanie A. (2015-03-01). "'Frozen in Time': The Impact of Native American Media Representations on Identity and Self-Understanding".
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The 1990s saw a split in the Native American fashion design styles, with one group pursuing simple silhouettes with defined, smooth transitions between fabric lines, while the other group focused on
2975: 764:, a Canadian First Nation designer, also followed the classic traditional lines, with edgy elements based initially on leather and suede garments before branching into jewelry and accessories. 497:. The book was the first treatment of contemporary Native American fashion and remains the sole in-depth treatment of the subject. Also in the 1980s, Indigenous designers like Luanne Belcourt ( 795:
in 1994 featuring items made of silk or wool fabrics and deer or elk skin. To update her contemporary patterning, she used zebra and impala hide, decorated with beadwork, fringe, and silver.
630:, who have made the fashion show of the Red Earth Festival an annual event, demonstrating that native clothing is wearable for every day and not simply as ceremonial costuming. Also in 1987, 911:
from a pan-Indian perspective, but contemporary Indigenous designers often "stay within the realm of their own traditional tribal or regional clothing techniques". In 2012, Kelly Holmes (
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or by access to tailoring training and industrially produced textiles. However, Indigenous-focused museums have featured exhibitions of contemporary Native fashion. For example, the
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representation of Indigenous peoples' clothing in mass media depictions. Native Americans are portrayed most often in historical contexts wearing traditional clothing.
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their works, while others have taken specific garments and updated them to contemporary aesthetics by changing necklines, sleeve lengths, hemlines, and other features.
3875: 2774: 3540: 3142: 603: 894:. Similarly to Native Uprising founded two decades previously, the collective of designers aimed through collaboration to improve inclusion of Indigenous artists. 2703: 188:
changed the strategy for the education of Native peoples, encouraging them instead to reconnect with their cultures, including the creation of traditional dress.
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in 2009, though Ortiz's work generally is known as more cutting-edge and noted for incorporating colors, shapes, and symbols from pottery in his fashion design.
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While Native peoples have always produced clothing, until the 20th century the garments they made were often for personal, familial, or ceremonial use. However,
949:(Acoma Pueblo) and Valentina Aragon (Diné) founded the ACONAV couture brand known for its asymetrical designsthat blend cultural ideas with modern silhouettes. 3979: 1095: 116: 5074: 3974: 3898: 2795: 688:
the result that there is no protection for the works of fashion designers. As part of their tribal tradition, symbols of various tribes are not typically
829: 3167: 2992: 820: 506: 3969: 2564: 740:(Navajo), who added photographic images on fabric to her traditional men's and women's shirts and accessories decorated with beads and ribbon work. 2728: 5084: 1045: 799: 748:) and Grant were the first Native American fashion designers to exhibit at an event in Manhattan. They held a show together at the Mercedes-Benz 572: 467: 3954: 2938: 141:
approach. By selecting motifs and iconography easily identified as part of Indigenous culture, they were able to gain acceptance and develop a
119:, such as weaving, twining, and tufting. In some cases, however, they choose not to include any materials associated with Indigenous cultures. 3613: 3505: 1049: 803: 631: 3825: 272:. Expanding into clothing with a focus on classic cuts and simple designs using quality materials, New incorporated woven Cherokee fabrics, 4211: 3640: 917: 131: 2864: 626:(Muscogee), to demonstrate that Native clothing was part of mainstream fashion. Fife was part of a group of native designers known as the 2449: 3917: 3421: 2659: 2237: 2920: 2677: 2287: 2264: 583: 449:), quickly became another venue to showcase the students' work, using the body as a venue to display designs, rather than galleries. 160: 3707: 3193: 245:
became a specialty. Recognizing the need to reduce labor costs, he began combining machine work with handcrafting and instituted an
878: 567:) designed high-end couture for working women and displayed her fashions featuring appliqué techniques at conferences. Shed ran a 3912: 862:), and Rose Bean Simpson (Santa Clara Pueblo) were other Ponca students who began making a name in fashion circles in the 1990s. 541:
to produce garments featuring Native American iconography. Hagan marketed them, stressing their spiritual and symbolic meaning.
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business, allowing customers to provide her with their preferred materials which she then worked into her designs. In 1984,
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into a line of coats and dresses for women and men's suits, capitalizing on the luxury clothing market which emerged after
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Native Designers of High Fashion: Expressing Identity, Creativity, and Tradition in Contemporary Customary Clothing Design
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created a collection in 2011 called "Navajo," featuring underwear, hats and other items with art based on traditional
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When Native American designers first broke into the modern fashion industry in the 1940s and 1950s, many adopted a
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at the Santa Fe Indian Market 2014. Demonstration of the difference in dance regalia and experimental fashion.
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patterned on Kiowa designs, as well as influences from Pueblo and Sioux decorative silhouettes. Fueled by the
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which she says is the "first compilation of modern Native fashion produced exclusively by Natives". In 2014,
5079: 4835: 3723: 2968:"Native American designs go high fashion;NEWLN:Traditional Lakota patterns adorn contemporary evening wear" 458:
as the coordinator, the group included many members who made a name for themselves in fashion, for example
313:, drawing from a variety of tribal aesthetics. As with designers who followed him, his sacred symbols and 5104: 5064: 3341: 2238:"Meet Bethany Yellowtail, a Native American fashion designer who's inspiring a whole generation of women" 556: 375: 3867: 2842:"Jeri Ah-be-hill, 1934–2015: Indigenous fashion aficionado was 'a giant in honoring her native culture'" 2732: 1020: 234:, with financial backing from Douglas, which initially focused on belts, hats and purses. Influenced by 4885: 4850: 4201: 3416: 798:
Wendy Ponca, one of the leaders of the avant-garde group, left IAIA in 1993. After she was replaced by
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Parezo, Nancy J.; Jones, Angelina R. (June 2009). "What's in a Name?: The 1940s–1950s 'Squaw Dress'".
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of 1680 blended with science fiction narratives about fighters for freedom based in the year 2180.
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and customary materials into their wearable artworks, providing a basis for creating items for the
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program to meet increasing production demands while gearing his designs for the up-scale market.
3782: 3644: 1162: 474:), who majored in fashion design and creative writing, before turning to writing about fashion. 4996: 4907: 4231: 2872: 2471: 2386: 1008: 768: 666: 513:) opened a design studio known for coats and vests incorporating cotton, wool, and velvet, and 438: 358: 3592: 3359: 2820: 4424: 4342: 4332: 4089: 3471: 3438: 3223: 926: 912: 891: 749: 639: 390: 265: 4179: 2288:"Science Fiction Meets the 1680 Pueblo Revolt in Virgil Ortiz's History Colorado Exhibition" 434:, a space-age material to create designs which reflected the Osage connection with the sky. 4783: 4728: 4686: 4611: 4369: 4307: 4292: 4169: 3821: 3761: 3665: 3476: 3443: 2654: 1075: 1003: 965: 961: 902: 530: 345:
During the 1970s, Native American designers began to make a name for themselves during the
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featuring garments made by Native Americans between 1830 and 1950. During the same decade,
4017: 8: 4955: 4922: 4798: 4778: 4720: 4453: 4327: 4302: 4053: 3844:[Retracted fashion collection accused of appropriating Peruvian indigenous art]. 3757:"Inuit Designers Revive Sealskin Fashion, Celebrate 'National Seal Products Day', May 20" 3124: 2568: 2018: 977: 231: 195: 180: 94: 79: 3086:"Breaking Out: Six artists use prestigious award as opportunity to move forward (pt. 3)" 3053:"Breaking Out: Six artists use prestigious award as opportunity to move forward (pt. 2)" 881:), a scholar who earned her doctorate from the University of Arizona, created a fashion 673:
have ceremonial and sacred properties. Inappropriate use of such objects, like the 2014
4986: 4970: 4897: 4540: 4532: 4419: 4414: 4397: 4364: 4349: 4317: 4312: 3398: 3020:"Breaking Out: Six artists use prestigious award as opportunity to move forward (pt 1)" 1035: 930: 792: 643: 611: 471: 379: 254: 2064: 1502: 5013: 4773: 4768: 4601: 4488: 4272: 4267: 4134: 4043: 3922: 3816:[Indigenous fashion flourishes in Ecuador] (in Spanish). Guayaquil, Ecuador: 3598: 3515: 3402: 3365: 3346: 2906: 2826: 2242: 1071: 934: 890:, in an attempt to ensure that Native American fashion designers were represented at 753: 729: 410: 215: 1066:
responded by issuing a cease and desist on their use of the word "Navajo". Pop band
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the same year. Metcalfe, along with photographer Anthony Thosh Collins and designer
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and international fashion markets. Their designs may result from techniques such as
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In 2016, a survey exhibition, "Native Fashion Now," curated by Karen Kramer at the
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found appeal in Gilham and Jacobsen's work. Furthermore, their fashion fostered a
126:, in order to qualify as Native American designers, artists must be enrolled in a 4912: 4902: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4845: 4698: 4656: 4591: 4550: 4287: 4277: 4164: 973: 784: 692:, but one exception is the name "Navajo", which was legally trademarked in 1943. 548: 442: 207: 767:
Other Native American designers from the early 1990s included the master weaver
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Monks, Vicki (Winter 2016). "Margaret Roach Wheeler Chickasaw Textile Artist".
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Mason, Patrick L., ed. (2013). "Sovereignty and American Indian Communities".
5053: 4758: 4623: 4505: 4466: 4159: 3846: 3519: 3350: 2997: 2910: 2704:"Ralph Lauren's Native American Ads Reveal Sad Truth About The Fashion World" 1063: 954: 807: 717: 709: 647: 615: 607: 595: 510: 482: 398: 326: 299: 269: 99: 2537: 850:, featuring fashion forward designs. Her works were featured in 2003 at the 198:, sought to highlight the beauty of Native American fashion by presenting a 5006: 4960: 4940: 4803: 4578: 4498: 4443: 4337: 4282: 4244: 4239: 3618: 997: 950: 946: 859: 851: 741: 737: 733: 721: 623: 619: 538: 522: 514: 422: 281: 238: 199: 142: 44: 505:, marketing custom-made garments on their reservation to high-end buyers. 37: 4703: 4633: 4569: 4461: 4429: 4392: 4322: 4000: 3897: 1030: 981: 938: 833: 705: 701: 689: 418: 314: 307: 289: 285: 3231: 2565:"Native American Designers Are Behind More Clothes Than You May Realize" 371: 214:
began touring throughout Europe and the United States with clothing and
134:, or be certified as a designated tribal artisan by the tribal council. 5001: 4813: 4808: 4676: 4671: 4651: 4628: 4027: 3394: 2902: 1083: 953:(Cochiti Pueblo) creates futuristic fashion designs that reference the 670: 568: 367: 338: 138: 1186: 925:), who wrote the "Beyond Buckskin" blog, opened a fashion boutique in 704:
Indigenous couture. Among those who favored classic, clean lines were
4788: 4493: 4476: 4471: 4359: 4005: 3937: 2946: 989: 772: 725: 426: 425:) took over the fashion design courses at the IAIA, she renamed them 350: 242: 108: 2442:"The squaw dress: Tucson's controversial but unique fashion history" 1244:
Collins, Cary C. (Fall 2003). "Art Crafted in the Red Man's Image".
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use of the headdress for non-Native models and its use in Dallas by
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Hardin-Burrola, Elizabeth; Sarath, Carol; Rosebrough, Bob (2017).
2796:"Taking Native American fashion 'Beyond Buckskin' and headdresses" 757: 495:
Native American Fashion: Modern Adaptations of Traditional Designs
4105: 3570: 921:, "the first Native American fashion magazine". Jessica Metcalf ( 761: 501:) and Myrtle Raining Bird (Chippewa-Cree) operated their company 463: 219: 401:
unity in the quest for political power through self-expression.
4606: 3597:. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. 3510: 2825:. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. 1124: 680: 518: 303: 235: 223: 2887: 2818: 2546: 2351: 2368: 2366: 1364: 490: 446: 431: 3696:[Bolivian aimara designer presents new collection]. 3566:"No Doubt apologize to Native Americans for Wild West video" 3307:"Native high fashion: then, now and into the future (pt. 3)" 3274:"Native high fashion: then, now and into the future (pt. 2)" 3241:"Native high fashion: then, now and into the future (pt. 1)" 3174:. Gardena, North Dakota: Jessica R. Metcalfe. Archived from 2079: 2032:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFWest_of_the_City_Magazine2016 (
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released a 2012 video featuring stereotypical images of the
650:-style beadwork. Her line also included innovative bras and 4596: 4510: 1958: 1956: 1867: 1780: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1691: 1638: 1614: 1448: 1436: 1400: 882: 354: 310: 296: 2650:"Grammy Fest party in New York attracts top Indian talent" 2416: 2404: 2363: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1797: 1795: 1744: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1604: 1602: 1582: 1580: 1477: 1475: 1082:
Another issue in regard to Native American fashion is the
489:) of Arizona, known for fashion design as well as for her 4738: 3851: 3703: 3472:"Navajo designers gaining share of fashion market (pt 2)" 3143:"VS Fashion Show 2017 Slammed for Cultural Appropriation" 2971: 2387:"Even Ike's Mamie Wears Squaw Dresses From Dolores' Shop" 2024: 1316: 1280: 642:
tribal heritage. They included Cherokee tear dresses and
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and ended up pulling the video and issuing an apology.
818:), who works on costuming for several films, including 634:(Choctaw) established her firm Patta LT with the label 3765:. New York City, New York. 20 May 2017. Archived from 3694:"Diseñadora aimara boliviana presenta nueva colección" 3564:
Sinha-Roy, Piya (4 November 2012). Simao, Paul (ed.).
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Textile arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Contemporary Native American Fashion Show at the 2015
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Talking Threads: Contemporary Native American Fashions
537:) designed for non-native marketer and anthropologist 3899:
Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Navajo and Hopi Art in Arizona: Continuing Traditions
2501: 2341: 2339: 2305: 1968: 1934: 1879: 1268: 3781: 3755: 3659: 2731:. Okmulgee, Oklahoma: Okmulgee Times. Archived from 2489: 2178: 2070: 1508: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 836:), who went on to take second place in season 11 of 3643:. Globe, Arizona: Globe Miami Times. Archived from 3439:"Navajo women lay claim to world of fashion (pt 1)" 2317: 2168: 2166: 1922: 1807: 1679: 441:, hosted for nearly two decades by fashion expert, 3192: 3168:"Frankie Welch, Politics, and that Cherokee Scarf" 2919: 2676: 2618:"Patta Joest puts the treadle to the metal (pt 2)" 2585:"Patta Joest puts the treadle to the metal (pt 1)" 2525: 2513: 2336: 2127: 1999: 1843: 821:Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull 3541:"Tiny North Dakota town a stylemaker's home base" 2103: 1553: 1203: 1131:. U.S. Department of the Interior. 6 October 2022 1024:The woman on the left is wearing a "Squaw Dress." 610:-Mission), among others. The following year, the 5051: 2163: 3669:. Phoenix, Arizona. 14 January 2002. p. 78 2265:"Loren Aragon of ACONAV goes from Geek to Chic" 3722: 3508:[How fashion helps Mexican artisans]. 3506:"Cómo ayuda la moda a las artesanas mexicanas" 3361:Fur Nation: From the Beaver to Brigitte Bardot 2674: 1493: 618:, showcasing creations by non-native designer 555:Healthcare professional and fashion designer, 361:). Gilham catered to working women, designing 252:Gaining coverage from national magazines like 4090: 3883: 3840: 321:the founding by New and other artists of the 5075:Indigenous fashion designers of the Americas 4212:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology 3812: 3692: 1991:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMetcalfe2012b ( 1945:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDeerchild2016 ( 1591:sfn error: no target: CITEREFMetcalfe2012b ( 93:Indigenous designers frequently incorporate 3732:. Missoula, Montana. 3 July 1973. p. 5 3611: 3378: 2939:"The Reclaiming of Native American Fashion" 2422: 2410: 2372: 2357: 1837: 4097: 4083: 3890: 3876: 2990: 2328:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLatimer2016 ( 2121: 1233:. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 93–96. 941:) created a compilation of fashion called 779:), who earned a master's degree in art at 586:, located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, hosted 3702:(in Spanish). Guatemala City, Guatemala. 3612:Silversmith, Shondiin (31 October 2013). 3563: 3165: 3120:"Frankie Welch Has Designs on the Future" 3117: 2658:. New York City, New York. Archived from 2507: 2010:sfn error: no target: CITEREFFalcon2009 ( 1986: 1940: 1586: 590:in 1986. The exhibit featured designs by 584:Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian 86:. This is a part of a larger movement of 3614:"Fashion show honors great Native women" 3238: 3217: 3190: 3118:Mansfield, Virginia (22 February 1990). 2993:"Citizen of the Year: Patricia Michaels" 2793: 2772: 2495: 2223: 2211: 2199: 2187: 2157: 2145: 2097: 2085: 1962: 1916: 1897: 1873: 1861: 1825: 1801: 1786: 1774: 1762: 1738: 1721: 1709: 1697: 1673: 1661: 1644: 1632: 1620: 1608: 1571: 1547: 1535: 1523: 1481: 1466: 1454: 1442: 1430: 1418: 1406: 1394: 1382: 1370: 1358: 1346: 1334: 1322: 1310: 1298: 1286: 1274: 1262: 1149: 1125:"The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990" 1019: 1002: 906:Santa Fe Indian Market Fashion show 2014 901: 865:In 2005, the IAIA with support from the 543: 3590: 3504:Resnik, Jaqueline (12 September 2016). 3409: 3305:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (11 August 2013). 3272:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (11 August 2013). 3239:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (11 August 2013). 3166:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (22 March 2012a). 2965: 2917: 2839: 2777:. Atlanta, Georgia: CNN. Archived from 2323: 2311: 1928: 1813: 1750: 1685: 1243: 466:), who acted as the stage director and 5085:Indigenous textile art of the Americas 5052: 3638: 3622:. Window Rock, Arizona. Archived from 3503: 3357: 3140: 2936: 2862: 2747: 2701: 2647: 2531: 2519: 2439: 2345: 2262: 2133: 2005: 1849: 1216: 1167:National Museum of the American Indian 986:National Museum of the American Indian 646:vests, incorporating features such as 165:National Museum of the American Indian 4078: 3871: 3814:"La moda indígena florece en Ecuador" 3420:. Seattle, Washington. Archived from 3338: 3017: 2726: 2675:Bennett-Begaye, Jourdan (July 2015). 2562: 2469: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2109: 2046: 1974: 1559: 1228: 409:When Josephine Wapp retired in 1975, 317:were modified to become secularized. 288:fabrics using native motifs, such as 84:Native Americans in the United States 60:Ojibwe beaded velvet shirt, Wisconsin 4355:Social media in the fashion industry 4104: 3538: 3436: 3315:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z045 3282:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z044 3249:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z042 3094:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z074 3061:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z044 3028:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. Z072 2794:Grinberg, Emanuella (1 April 2013). 2582: 2384: 2285: 2235: 2172: 2058: 1885: 264:, New began selling his bags at the 2991:Livingston, Joan (9 October 2013). 2773:Grinberg, Emanuella (4 June 2014). 2563:Avila, Theresa (30 December 2015). 2256: 858:/Navajo), Consuelo Pascual (Navajo/ 13: 3936: 3514:(in Spanish). New York, New York. 3410:Phinney, Susan (19 January 2005). 3191:Metcalfe, Jessica R. (July 2012). 3141:Matera, Avery (22 November 2017). 3001:. Taos, New Mexico. Archived from 2937:Lieber, Chavie (21 January 2016). 2840:Haywood, Phaedra (13 March 2015). 2748:Gilger, Lauren (19 October 2011). 2624:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. 53 2593:. Santa Fe, New Mexico. p. 52 2428: 2279: 897: 663:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 230:. In 1945, New opened a studio in 218:lines he had designed, using hand- 124:Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 88:Indigenous fashion of the Americas 14: 5116: 3574:. London, England. Archived from 3218:Metcalfe, Jessica RheAnn (2010). 3084:López, Santana (15 August 2007). 3051:López, Santana (15 August 2007). 3018:López, Santana (15 August 2007). 2966:Leighty, John M. (21 July 1986). 2932:(4): 20–21 – via EBSCOhost. 1191:Museum of Indian Arts and Culture 783:in Kansas, under the tutelage of 323:Institute of American Indian Arts 170:Institute of American Indian Arts 5032: 4197:History of clothing and textiles 4178: 3850:(in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain. 3804: 3783:"Jewel Gilham exhibits fashions" 3747: 3684: 3639:Walker, Jenn (19 October 2013). 3495: 3462: 3330: 3297: 3264: 3109: 3076: 3043: 2918:Lefevre, Camille (August 2016). 2639: 2608: 2440:Driver, Maggie (21 April 2016). 122:In the United States, under the 53: 36: 22: 4130:Environmental impact of fashion 4064:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex 3641:"The Woman Who Wears the Dress" 3539:Ross, Jenna (2 November 2017). 2702:Bhasin, Kim (27 January 2015). 2648:Begley, Maggie (6 March 2003). 2555: 2463: 2378: 2229: 1231:Encyclopedia of Race and Racism 404: 3824:. 14 July 2017. Archived from 3706:. 16 July 2016. Archived from 3591:Schmitt, Rory O'Neill (2016). 3480:. Phoenix, Arizona. p. 35 3447:. Phoenix, Arizona. p. 31 3364:. London, England: Routledge. 1237: 1222: 1179: 1155: 1117: 1015: 854:Fest party. Tazbah Gaussoin ( 594:(Navajo), Loretta Tah-Martin ( 1: 2727:Brown, Herman (8 June 2016). 1106: 241:, his purses, decorated with 74:and creation of high-fashion 3724:"Indian Fashions Are Unique" 3470:Reid, Betty (28 July 1999). 3437:Reid, Betty (28 July 1999). 3222:(PhD). Tucson, Arizona: The 2616:Baca, Kim (20 August 1999). 2583:Baca, Kim (20 August 1999). 2470:Henry, Bonnie (1995-02-23). 1246:New Mexico Historical Review 1129:Indian Arts and Crafts Board 1111: 695: 370:in the Otoe and Iowa style, 347:Indian and Natural movements 7: 3342:First American Art Magazine 2863:Indyke, Dottie (May 2001). 2567:. New York City, New York: 2485:– via Newspapers.com. 2400:– via Newspapers.com. 2385:Roth, Bernie (1954-10-17). 1089: 915:), a former model, founded 329:(Scottish) taught weaving. 210:who had graduated from the 10: 5121: 4202:History of Western fashion 3661:"Clothing that's cultural" 3417:Seattle Post-Intelligencer 2822:Legendary Locals of Gallup 846:), developed her own line 781:Pittsburg State University 736:and basketry designs; and 628:Fashion Drums of Red Earth 153: 128:federally recognized tribe 5027: 4979: 4931: 4828: 4719: 4642: 4577: 4568: 4531: 4452: 4378: 4253: 4230: 4207:History of fashion design 4187: 4176: 4122: 4116:Index of fashion articles 4113: 4036: 3988: 3947: 3934: 3905: 3382:American Indian Quarterly 2263:Tupica, Rich (May 2020). 2026:West of the City Magazine 787:; Aresta LaRusso founded 395:countercultural consumers 186:Indian Reorganization Act 5100:Native American clothing 4587:British country clothing 4145:Fashion design copyright 3789:. 1 May 1977. p. 14 3358:Nadeau, Chantal (2005). 3312:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3279:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3246:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3091:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3058:The Santa Fe New Mexican 3025:The Santa Fe New Mexican 2891:Journal of Social Issues 2847:The Santa Fe New Mexican 2729:"Art—a family tradition" 2683:Native People's Magazine 2622:The Santa Fe New Mexican 2590:The Santa Fe New Mexican 943:Beyond Buckskin Lookbook 923:Turtle Mountain Chippewa 867:W. K. Kellogg Foundation 557:Marjorie Bear Don't Walk 437:The fashion show of the 353:) and Remonia Jacobsen ( 349:, such as Jewel Gilham ( 212:Art Institute of Chicago 4946:Anti-sweatshop movement 3199:Native Peoples Magazine 2970:. Boca Raton, Florida. 2678:"What Is Truly Native?" 2423:Parezo & Jones 2009 2411:Parezo & Jones 2009 2373:Parezo & Jones 2009 2358:Parezo & Jones 2009 970:Philbrook Museum of Art 604:Michelle Tsosie Naranjo 342:international acclaim. 68:Native American fashion 4997:Chinoiserie in fashion 3941: 3785:. Kalispell, Montana: 3213:– via EBSCOhost. 2850:. Santa Fe, New Mexico 2697:– via EBSCOhost. 1025: 1012: 1009:Santa Fe Indian Market 907: 769:Margaret Roach Wheeler 667:United States Congress 552: 439:Santa Fe Indian Market 191:In 1942, the American 132:state-recognized tribe 4333:Fashion merchandising 3940: 3545:Reading Eagle Company 3224:University of Arizona 2945:. Washington, D. C.: 1373:, pp. 37, 96–97. 1023: 1006: 927:Gardena, North Dakota 913:Cheyenne River Lakota 905: 892:New York Fashion Week 750:New York Fashion Week 640:Southeastern Woodland 547: 529:in Oklahoma in 1983. 391:Civil Rights Movement 266:Elizabeth Arden Salon 161:assimilation policies 4908:South Korean fashion 4370:Trickle-down fashion 4308:Fashion illustration 4293:Fashion entrepreneur 4170:Semiotics of fashion 3975:Precolonial painting 3913:Art history timeline 3822:Agence France-Presse 3762:Indian Country Today 3666:The Arizona Republic 3477:The Arizona Republic 3444:The Arizona Republic 2655:Indian Country Today 2472:"Dior of the Desert" 2267:. Native News Online 2088:, pp. 188, 242. 2072:The Arizona Republic 1712:, pp. 180, 258. 1510:The Daily Inter Lake 1397:, pp. 108, 113. 1163:"Native Fashion Now" 966:Salem, Massachusetts 962:Peabody Essex Museum 606:(Santa Clara-Navajo- 331:Josephine Myers-Wapp 5080:Native American art 4956:Sustainable fashion 4923:Vietnamese clothing 4454:Western dress codes 4328:Fashion photography 4303:Fashion forecasting 3854:. 18 September 2017 3551:on November 2, 2017 3125:The Washington Post 2875:on 31 December 2015 2662:on 8 September 2017 2547:Leavitt et al. 2015 2446:Arizona Sonora News 1876:, pp. 231–232. 1789:, pp. 228–229. 1753:, pp. 126–128. 1700:, pp. 177–179. 1623:, pp. 161–162. 1457:, pp. 139–140. 1445:, pp. 155–156. 1409:, pp. 132–133. 980:in Oregon, and the 978:Portland Art Museum 888:UNRESERVED Alliance 614:was established in 453:, initially called 232:Scottsdale, Arizona 196:Frederic H. Douglas 181:forced assimilation 80:fashion accessories 5105:Indigenous fashion 5065:Design occupations 5039:Fashion portal 4987:Ballet and fashion 4971:Zero-waste fashion 4687:Sportswear fashion 4365:Trickle-up fashion 4350:Red carpet fashion 4318:Fashion journalism 4313:Fashion influencer 3942: 3918:Individual artists 3828:on 13 January 2018 3769:on 18 January 2018 3710:on 17 October 2016 3647:on 18 January 2018 3626:on 4 November 2013 3578:on 12 January 2018 3526:on 13 January 2018 3424:on 11 January 2018 3395:10.1353/aiq.0.0058 3153:on 1 December 2017 3128:. Washington, D. C 2978:on 11 January 2018 2903:10.1111/josi.12095 2760:on 11 January 2018 2476:Arizona Daily Star 2391:Arizona Daily Star 2360:, p. 374-375. 2061:, pp. 31, 35. 1647:, p. 160-161. 1187:"Past Exhibitions" 1036:Arizona Daily Star 1026: 1013: 931:Bethany Yellowtail 908: 760:) of southwestern 724:), who trained at 665:was passed by the 644:Seminole patchwork 612:Red Earth Festival 553: 472:Santa Clara Pueblo 243:hand-worked metals 5047: 5046: 5014:Music and fashion 4824: 4823: 4774:Thrift store chic 4602:Cruise collection 4564: 4563: 4489:Black lounge suit 4273:Designer clothing 4268:Clothing industry 4135:Fashion accessory 4072: 4071: 3928:Women in the arts 3604:978-1-62585-560-2 3371:978-1-134-72482-6 3005:on 8 January 2018 2953:on 5 January 2018 2832:978-1-4396-6344-8 2781:on 13 August 2014 2754:Phoenix New Times 2735:on 8 January 2018 2243:Los Angeles Times 2049:, pp. 72–73. 1888:, pp. 52–53. 1289:, pp. 80–81. 1265:, pp. 66–68. 1152:, pp. 66–67. 1076:Victoria's Secret 1072:American frontier 935:Northern Cheyenne 830:Patricia Michaels 754:Angela DeMontigny 730:Pacific Northwest 712:), known for her 656:broomstick skirts 531:Geraldine Sherman 411:Sandy Fife Wilson 5112: 5095:American fashion 5090:Mesoamerican art 5070:Arts occupations 5037: 5036: 5035: 4992:Capsule wardrobe 4951:Circular fashion 4933:Fashion activism 4898:Nigerian fashion 4893:Japanese fashion 4851:Filipino fashion 4841:Canadian fashion 4836:American fashion 4575: 4574: 4450: 4449: 4182: 4099: 4092: 4085: 4076: 4075: 3892: 3885: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3837: 3835: 3833: 3809: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3787:Daily Inter Lake 3778: 3776: 3774: 3752: 3751: 3745: 3739: 3737: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3689: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3674: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3608: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3547:. Archived from 3535: 3533: 3531: 3522:. Archived from 3500: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3485: 3467: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3452: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3406: 3375: 3354: 3335: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3320: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3269: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3254: 3235: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3196: 3194:"Native Couture" 3187: 3185: 3183: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3149:. Archived from 3137: 3135: 3133: 3114: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3081: 3080: 3074: 3068: 3066: 3048: 3047: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2974:. Archived from 2962: 2960: 2958: 2949:. Archived from 2933: 2923: 2921:"Native Threads" 2914: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2871:. Archived from 2859: 2857: 2855: 2836: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2802:. Archived from 2790: 2788: 2786: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2756:. Archived from 2744: 2742: 2740: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2710:. 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4049:Native American 4032: 3984: 3943: 3932: 3901: 3896: 3866: 3857: 3855: 3831: 3829: 3803: 3792: 3790: 3772: 3770: 3746: 3735: 3733: 3713: 3711: 3683: 3672: 3670: 3650: 3648: 3629: 3627: 3605: 3581: 3579: 3554: 3552: 3529: 3527: 3494: 3483: 3481: 3469: 3461: 3450: 3448: 3427: 3425: 3372: 3329: 3318: 3316: 3304: 3296: 3285: 3283: 3271: 3263: 3252: 3250: 3208: 3206: 3181: 3179: 3178:on 16 July 2017 3172:Beyond Buckskin 3156: 3154: 3131: 3129: 3108: 3097: 3095: 3083: 3075: 3064: 3062: 3050: 3042: 3031: 3029: 3008: 3006: 2981: 2979: 2956: 2954: 2878: 2876: 2853: 2851: 2833: 2809: 2807: 2784: 2782: 2763: 2761: 2738: 2736: 2717: 2715: 2708:Huffington Post 2692: 2690: 2665: 2663: 2638: 2627: 2625: 2615: 2607: 2596: 2594: 2573: 2571: 2558: 2553: 2545: 2538: 2530: 2526: 2518: 2514: 2506: 2502: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2479: 2468: 2464: 2455: 2453: 2438: 2429: 2421: 2417: 2409: 2405: 2396: 2394: 2383: 2379: 2371: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2344: 2337: 2327: 2322: 2318: 2310: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2284: 2280: 2270: 2268: 2261: 2257: 2248: 2246: 2234: 2230: 2222: 2218: 2210: 2206: 2198: 2194: 2186: 2179: 2171: 2164: 2156: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2132: 2128: 2122:Livingston 2013 2120: 2116: 2108: 2104: 2096: 2092: 2084: 2080: 2069: 2065: 2057: 2053: 2045: 2041: 2031: 2023: 2019: 2009: 2004: 2000: 1990: 1985: 1981: 1977:, p. Z074. 1973: 1969: 1965:, p. Z043. 1961: 1954: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1927: 1923: 1915: 1904: 1896: 1892: 1884: 1880: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1856: 1848: 1844: 1836: 1832: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1808: 1800: 1793: 1785: 1781: 1773: 1769: 1761: 1757: 1749: 1745: 1741:, p. Z042. 1737: 1728: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1704: 1696: 1692: 1684: 1680: 1672: 1668: 1660: 1651: 1643: 1639: 1631: 1627: 1619: 1615: 1607: 1600: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1570: 1566: 1558: 1554: 1546: 1542: 1534: 1530: 1522: 1518: 1507: 1503: 1492: 1488: 1480: 1473: 1465: 1461: 1453: 1449: 1441: 1437: 1429: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1405: 1401: 1393: 1389: 1381: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1357: 1353: 1345: 1341: 1333: 1329: 1321: 1317: 1309: 1305: 1297: 1293: 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4821: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4707: 4706: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4648: 4646: 4644:Street fashion 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4562: 4561: 4559: 4558: 4556:Modest fashion 4553: 4548: 4543: 4537: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4516:Cocktail dress 4513: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4481: 4480: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4458: 4456: 4447: 4446: 4441: 4440: 4439: 4434: 4433: 4432: 4422: 4417: 4407: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4384: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4372: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4346: 4345: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4298:Fashion editor 4295: 4290: 4285: 4280: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4259: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4236: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4193: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4155:Fashion museum 4152: 4150:Fashion matrix 4147: 4142: 4140:Fashion design 4137: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4102: 4101: 4094: 4087: 4079: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4046: 4040: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3951: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3935: 3933: 3931: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3902: 3895: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3872: 3865: 3864: 3838: 3810: 3799:Newspapers.com 3779: 3753: 3742:Newspapers.com 3729:The Missoulian 3720: 3690: 3679:Newspapers.com 3657: 3636: 3609: 3603: 3588: 3561: 3536: 3501: 3490:Newspapers.com 3457:Newspapers.com 3434: 3407: 3389:(3): 373–404. 3376: 3370: 3355: 3336: 3325:Newspapers.com 3292:Newspapers.com 3259:Newspapers.com 3236: 3215: 3188: 3163: 3138: 3115: 3104:Newspapers.com 3071:Newspapers.com 3038:Newspapers.com 3015: 2988: 2963: 2934: 2926:American Craft 2915: 2885: 2860: 2837: 2831: 2816: 2806:on 10 May 2016 2791: 2770: 2745: 2724: 2714:on 1 July 2017 2699: 2672: 2645: 2634:Newspapers.com 2603:Newspapers.com 2580: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2551: 2536: 2524: 2512: 2508:Sinha-Roy 2012 2500: 2488: 2462: 2427: 2425:, p. 385. 2415: 2413:, p. 384. 2403: 2377: 2375:, p. 375. 2362: 2350: 2335: 2316: 2304: 2278: 2255: 2228: 2226:, p. 354. 2216: 2214:, p. 339. 2204: 2202:, p. 263. 2192: 2177: 2162: 2160:, p. 258. 2150: 2148:, p. 246. 2138: 2126: 2114: 2102: 2100:, p. 190. 2090: 2078: 2063: 2051: 2039: 2017: 1998: 1987:Metcalfe 2012b 1979: 1967: 1952: 1941:Deerchild 2016 1933: 1921: 1919:, p. 242. 1902: 1890: 1878: 1866: 1864:, p. 230. 1854: 1842: 1830: 1828:, p. 233. 1818: 1806: 1804:, p. 228. 1791: 1779: 1777:, p. 218. 1767: 1765:, p. 217. 1755: 1743: 1726: 1724:, p. 163. 1714: 1702: 1690: 1678: 1676:, p. 169. 1666: 1664:, p. 165. 1649: 1637: 1635:, p. 160. 1625: 1613: 1611:, p. 159. 1598: 1587:Metcalfe 2012b 1576: 1574:, p. 152. 1564: 1552: 1550:, p. 151. 1540: 1538:, p. 216. 1528: 1526:, p. 214. 1516: 1501: 1495:The Missoulian 1486: 1484:, p. 199. 1471: 1469:, p. 147. 1459: 1447: 1435: 1433:, p. 136. 1423: 1421:, p. 133. 1411: 1399: 1387: 1385:, p. 102. 1375: 1363: 1351: 1339: 1327: 1315: 1303: 1291: 1279: 1267: 1255: 1236: 1221: 1202: 1178: 1154: 1142: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1103: 1101:Inuit clothing 1098: 1091: 1088: 1017: 1014: 994:Tahltan Nation 968:, traveled to 899: 896: 871:Tribal Fusions 856:Picuris Pueblo 839:Project Runway 746:Cochiti Pueblo 697: 694: 676:Next Top Model 636:Dancing Rabbit 503:Sitting Eagles 460:Marcus Amerman 406: 403: 293:basket weaving 261:The New Yorker 247:apprenticeship 228:leather crafts 204:Lloyd Kiva New 193:anthropologist 174:Lloyd Kiva New 155: 152: 59: 52: 51: 50: 43:Ribbonwork by 42: 35: 34: 33: 28: 21: 20: 19: 18: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5117: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5040: 5030: 5029: 5026: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4700: 4697: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4674: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4624:Sloane Ranger 4622: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4508: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4467:Morning dress 4465: 4464: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4366: 4363: 4361: 4358: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4344: 4341: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4252: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4181: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4160:Fashion plate 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4095: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4081: 4080: 4077: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4018:Kwakwakaʼwakw 4016: 4012: 4009: 4008: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3946: 3939: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3923:Pre-Columbian 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3893: 3888: 3886: 3881: 3879: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3847:La Vanguardia 3843: 3839: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3811: 3807: 3800: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3768: 3764: 3763: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3680: 3668: 3667: 3662: 3658: 3646: 3642: 3637: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3589: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3479: 3478: 3473: 3465: 3458: 3446: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3423: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3383: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3345:(13): 70–75. 3344: 3343: 3337: 3333: 3326: 3314: 3313: 3308: 3300: 3293: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3267: 3260: 3248: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3189: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3093: 3092: 3087: 3079: 3072: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3046: 3039: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2998:The Taos News 2994: 2989: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2964: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2922: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2865:"Jamie Okuma" 2861: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2817: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2792: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2734: 2730: 2725: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2688: 2684: 2679: 2673: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2635: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2604: 2592: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2560: 2549:, p. 40. 2548: 2543: 2541: 2533: 2528: 2521: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2497: 2496:Grinberg 2014 2492: 2477: 2473: 2466: 2452:on 2018-01-18 2451: 2447: 2443: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2424: 2419: 2412: 2407: 2392: 2388: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2367: 2359: 2354: 2347: 2342: 2340: 2331: 2325: 2320: 2314:, p. 20. 2313: 2308: 2293: 2289: 2282: 2266: 2259: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2232: 2225: 2224:Metcalfe 2010 2220: 2213: 2212:Metcalfe 2010 2208: 2201: 2200:Metcalfe 2010 2196: 2189: 2188:Grinberg 2013 2184: 2182: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2159: 2158:Metcalfe 2010 2154: 2147: 2146:Metcalfe 2010 2142: 2135: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2098:Metcalfe 2010 2094: 2087: 2086:Metcalfe 2010 2082: 2076:, p. 78. 2075: 2073: 2067: 2060: 2055: 2048: 2043: 2035: 2029: 2027: 2021: 2013: 2007: 2002: 1994: 1989:, p. 84. 1988: 1983: 1976: 1971: 1964: 1963:Metcalfe 2013 1959: 1957: 1948: 1942: 1937: 1930: 1925: 1918: 1917:Metcalfe 2010 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1900:, p. 16. 1899: 1898:Metcalfe 2010 1894: 1887: 1882: 1875: 1874:Metcalfe 2010 1870: 1863: 1862:Metcalfe 2010 1858: 1851: 1846: 1839: 1834: 1827: 1826:Metcalfe 2010 1822: 1815: 1810: 1803: 1802:Metcalfe 2010 1798: 1796: 1788: 1787:Metcalfe 2010 1783: 1776: 1775:Metcalfe 2010 1771: 1764: 1763:Metcalfe 2010 1759: 1752: 1747: 1740: 1739:Metcalfe 2013 1735: 1733: 1731: 1723: 1722:Metcalfe 2010 1718: 1711: 1710:Metcalfe 2010 1706: 1699: 1698:Metcalfe 2010 1694: 1687: 1682: 1675: 1674:Metcalfe 2010 1670: 1663: 1662:Metcalfe 2010 1658: 1656: 1654: 1646: 1645:Metcalfe 2010 1641: 1634: 1633:Metcalfe 2010 1629: 1622: 1621:Metcalfe 2010 1617: 1610: 1609:Metcalfe 2010 1605: 1603: 1594: 1589:, p. 86. 1588: 1583: 1581: 1573: 1572:Metcalfe 2010 1568: 1561: 1556: 1549: 1548:Metcalfe 2010 1544: 1537: 1536:Metcalfe 2010 1532: 1525: 1524:Metcalfe 2010 1520: 1514:, p. 14. 1513: 1511: 1505: 1498: 1496: 1490: 1483: 1482:Metcalfe 2010 1478: 1476: 1468: 1467:Metcalfe 2010 1463: 1456: 1455:Metcalfe 2010 1451: 1444: 1443:Metcalfe 2010 1439: 1432: 1431:Metcalfe 2010 1427: 1420: 1419:Metcalfe 2010 1415: 1408: 1407:Metcalfe 2010 1403: 1396: 1395:Metcalfe 2010 1391: 1384: 1383:Metcalfe 2010 1379: 1372: 1371:Metcalfe 2010 1367: 1361:, p. 91. 1360: 1359:Metcalfe 2010 1355: 1349:, p. 89. 1348: 1347:Metcalfe 2010 1343: 1337:, p. 87. 1336: 1335:Metcalfe 2010 1331: 1324: 1323:Metcalfe 2010 1319: 1313:, p. 84. 1312: 1311:Metcalfe 2010 1307: 1301:, p. 82. 1300: 1299:Metcalfe 2010 1295: 1288: 1287:Metcalfe 2010 1283: 1277:, p. 69. 1276: 1275:Metcalfe 2010 1271: 1264: 1263:Metcalfe 2010 1259: 1252:(4): 439–470. 1251: 1247: 1240: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1192: 1188: 1182: 1168: 1164: 1158: 1151: 1150:Metcalfe 2010 1146: 1130: 1126: 1120: 1116: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1087: 1085: 1084:stereotypical 1080: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1064:Navajo Nation 1061: 1057: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1046:Cele Peterson 1042: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1031:squaw dresses 1022: 1010: 1005: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 958: 956: 955:Pueblo Revolt 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919: 914: 904: 895: 893: 889: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 840: 835: 831: 827: 823: 822: 817: 813: 809: 808:Ohkay Owingeh 805: 801: 800:Pearl Sunrise 796: 794: 790: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 765: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 718:Dorothy Grant 715: 711: 707: 703: 693: 691: 686: 685:Métiers d'Art 682: 678: 677: 672: 668: 664: 659: 657: 653: 649: 648:Plains Tribes 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 622:, along with 621: 617: 616:Oklahoma City 613: 609: 608:Laguna Pueblo 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 580: 578: 574: 573:Selina Curley 570: 566: 562: 558: 550: 546: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 511:Isleta Pueblo 508: 504: 500: 499:Chippewa-Cree 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 479:Margaret Wood 475: 473: 469: 468:RoseMary Diaz 465: 461: 456: 455:Native Influx 452: 448: 444: 440: 435: 433: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 381: 377: 373: 369: 364: 360: 356: 352: 348: 343: 340: 336: 332: 328: 327:Azalea Thorpe 324: 318: 316: 312: 309: 305: 301: 298: 294: 291: 287: 286:silk screened 283: 279: 275: 271: 270:Neiman Marcus 267: 263: 262: 257: 256: 250: 248: 244: 240: 239:medicine bags 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 194: 189: 187: 182: 177: 175: 171: 166: 162: 151: 147: 144: 140: 135: 133: 129: 125: 120: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 101: 100:haute couture 96: 91: 89: 85: 81: 77: 73: 69: 56: 46: 39: 25: 16: 4961:Slow fashion 4941:Anti-fashion 4918:Thai fashion 4579:Smart casual 4499:Evening gown 4338:Fast fashion 4283:Fashion blog 4245:Fashion week 4240:Fashion show 4222:21st century 4217:19th century 3996:Coast Salish 3959: 3856:. Retrieved 3845: 3830:. Retrieved 3826:the original 3818:El Telégrafo 3797:– via 3791:. Retrieved 3771:. Retrieved 3767:the original 3760: 3740:– via 3734:. Retrieved 3727: 3712:. Retrieved 3708:the original 3699:Prensa Libre 3697: 3677:– via 3671:. Retrieved 3664: 3649:. Retrieved 3645:the original 3628:. Retrieved 3624:the original 3619:Navajo Times 3617: 3593: 3580:. Retrieved 3576:the original 3569: 3553:. Retrieved 3549:the original 3544: 3528:. Retrieved 3524:the original 3509: 3488:– via 3482:. Retrieved 3475: 3455:– via 3449:. Retrieved 3442: 3426:. Retrieved 3422:the original 3415: 3386: 3380: 3360: 3340: 3323:– via 3317:. Retrieved 3310: 3290:– via 3284:. Retrieved 3277: 3257:– via 3251:. Retrieved 3244: 3232:10150/194057 3219: 3207:. Retrieved 3202: 3198: 3180:. Retrieved 3176:the original 3171: 3155:. Retrieved 3151:the original 3146: 3130:. Retrieved 3123: 3102:– via 3096:. Retrieved 3089: 3069:– via 3063:. Retrieved 3056: 3036:– via 3030:. Retrieved 3023: 3007:. 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Index



Ardina Moore

design
clothing
fashion accessories
Native Americans in the United States
Indigenous fashion of the Americas
motifs
haute couture
beadwork
quillwork
leather
textile arts
Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990
federally recognized tribe
state-recognized tribe
pan-Indian
market share
assimilation policies
National Museum of the American Indian
Institute of American Indian Arts
Lloyd Kiva New
forced assimilation
Indian Reorganization Act
anthropologist
Frederic H. Douglas
fashion show
Lloyd Kiva New

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