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778:. In the early '80s, its curators organized "focus" exhibitions centered around a single object from the collection. The museum hosted outside curators and traveling exhibitions. Its shows became more ambitious as its museum relations and budget grew. At the opening of the National Mall building, the museum showed 375 works in five small- and mid-sized exhibits with survey and single-theme scopes. The central exhibit, "African Art in the Cycle of Life", exhibited 88 items in seven sections following seven phases of African tribal life to provide social context for their use. For example, sections such as "Continuity" displayed hand-carved maternity figures, "Transition" displayed coming-of-age ceremonial masks, and "Towards a Secure World" displayed priest and healer items. Many of the pieces were masterpieces borrowed from American and European museums and private collections. Another exhibit showed 100 items from the museum's collection. The remaining three exhibits were smaller: West African textiles, Benin sculptures, and copper reliefs, and useful objects like baskets, hairpins, and
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520:, known as the Castle. Visitor numbers have fluctuated between 200,000 and 400,000 since the 2000s, and in the mid-2000s were comparable with its underground neighbor museum, the Sackler Gallery. The museum's annual budget has fluctuated from $ 4.3 million (late 1990s) to $ 6 million (mid-2000s), and was $ 5 million in 2016. By comparison, the museum had a 34-person staff in 2016, down from 48 in the late 1990s. Following Blankenberg's tenure, staff numbers dropped below 20. Like many other museums in the 2000s, the museum has sought private funding and endowments. It trailed behind other Smithsonian entities in fundraising campaigns, into which the museum was expected to pay about $ 2.1 million. In late 2016, the museum held its first annual African Arts Awards Dinner for over 500 guests.
49:
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36:
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photographs from South Africa. In 2005, the museum received the Walt Disney-Tishman
Collection of 525 works spanning most major African art styles and 75 cultures. The acquisition was a validation of the museum's status, given the other institutions who vied for the collection. The museum's library also grew upon joining the Smithsonian, from 3,000 to 30,000 volumes in visual arts, anthropology, cooking, history, religion, and travel, especially works published in Africa. It now contains 50,000 volumes.
3123:
529:
305:
644:, and Larrabee covered World War II and South African life. As of 2004, the museum had 400 contemporary artworks. The museum collects items for both their traditional uses and aesthetic values, and receives an average of 67 gifts annually. The breadth of its collections and special exhibitions made the museum "a solid force in the international art world" and the main venue for contemporary African art in the United States, according to
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957:, though the latter had more works available when it began its collection. The opening exhibits, overall, piqued viewer curiosity in the subject and underscored the importance of religious belief and craftsmanship in the displayed works. The opening's reviewer struggled to generalize the African works, which ranged from face- and figure-focused to the elegant, geometric abstraction of West African
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915:. Patton, the museum director in the mid-2000s, said that the museum was not well known in Washington, as only half of the taxi drivers knew its location. Patton's tenure included shows targeted towards children. As a result, the museum briefly served more children than adults. Around this time, the museum held about ten special events a year.
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600:, would have replaced the above-ground pavilion with new mall-facing entrances. The renovation was intended to be supported by private and federal investment and was expected to begin in 2016 and finish in 10 to 20 years. These plans were canceled in 2021 after a broader restructuring of the South Mall renovation project.
630:(now The African Center) in 1984. The National Museum's collection is more extensive. As of 2008, it consisted of 9,000 objects and 300,000 photographs. The objects range from 15th-century sculptures and masks to multimedia contemporary art, and the photographs include significant contributions from photojournalists
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and used the circle shape as its architectural theme, with round windows, a rounded entrance staircase, and six round domes on its roof. Inside, a limestone foyer overlooks the gardens. A curving stair hall leads visitors down curving stairs to the galleries. The galleries are large and customized by
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considered the above-ground elements a "clunky ... pavilion of granite" whose elements were "woefully simplistic", unsubtle, and awkward compared to the
Smithsonian Castle in the distance. He mildly praised the complex's "clever" layout and its maximized underground utility with minimal above-ground
829:
became public. The museum's director had a long friendship with the Cosbys—Camille also sat on the museum's advisory board. The exhibition was funded by a $ 716,000 donation from the Cosbys and planned to bring attention to the museum for its 50th anniversary. As the number of allegations increased,
273:
to adopt the museum under the
Smithsonian's auspices. It joined the Smithsonian in 1979 and became the National Museum of African Art two years later. A new, primarily underground museum building was completed in 1987, just off the National Mall and adjacent to other Smithsonian museums. It is among
906:
In the early 1980s, the
Smithsonian found that few of its 20 million annual visitors were of a racial minority despite the city's large black population. It subsequently created a committee to address the disparity. As the African art museum had not yet moved to the National Mall, it served a black
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for the
Smithsonian's Asian art, created 368,000 square feet of exhibition space at the cost of $ 73.2 million, half of which from the federal government. Almost all of this room was created underground so as not to affect the quadrangle's landmark Smithsonian Institution Building (the Castle), its
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reviewers, in turn, were unsettled to see works once associated with the outdoors instead displayed with no natural light, and feared the precedent for other museums, adding that the lack of light was unaccommodating to both viewers and the works. The museum's director, however, noted that natural
515:
wrote that the museum struggled with low attendance, modest budget, concealed location, and leadership turnovers. Thirty years after joining the
Smithsonian, the museum remains one of the smallest museums in the complex, with 213,000 visitors in 2016—about half of the 2009 count and less than one
689:
Within a decade, the collection had expanded to 7,000 traditional and modern objects from across all of Africa. Under Walker's tenure, the museum expanded its contemporary art collection, opening a permanent gallery in 1997. That year, photographer
Constance Stuart Larrabee gave the museum 3,000
277:
The
African art museum took a scholarly direction over the next twenty years, with less social programming. It collected traditional and contemporary works of historical importance. Exhibitions include both internal and borrowed works and have ranged from solo artists to broad survey shows. The
894:
The museum prioritized education in its early, pre-Smithsonian years. Its founder referred to the institution as "an education department with a museum attached". The museum had an intimate atmosphere and emphasized programs that taught black cultural heritage. Many children from local schools
364:
The museum was formally founded in 1964 as the Museum of
African Art, and its first show consisted of the collection and two outside pieces. Under Robbins's tenure, the museum focused on traditional African art and its educational mission to teach black cultural heritage. It also served as a
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During the Walker years—the late 1990s and early 2000s—the museum hosted shows on
Egyptian contemporary art and Malagasy textiles. A 1997 gift from photographer Constance Stuart Larrabee led to an in-house and traveling exhibition. Walker organized a 1998 retrospective of Yoruba sculptor
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served as director from 1997 through her 2002 retirement. Walker continued the direction of her predecessor and added a dedicated contemporary art gallery and curator. She also created a development office, which raised money for an early 2000s renovation of the museum's pavilion.
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effort to change American perceptions towards African cultures. Robbins referred to his museum as "an education department with a museum attached". By 1976, the African art museum had a 20-person staff, 6,000-object collection, and Robbins had visited Africa for the first time.
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greenery, or its view. The Smithsonian Castle hides the museum and South Quadrangle from the National Mall, which has contributed to the museum's lower attendance compared with other Mall attractions. The quadrangle project's design architect was Jean-Paul Carlhian of
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interest to the study of traditional objects for their craftsmanship and aesthetic properties. Williams took a scholarly, art historian approach to the museum and pursued risky, high-cost pieces before their ultimate values were settled. The collection expanded into
802:(2010). Exhibitions aimed towards children, such as "Playful Performers", drew crowds under Patton's directorship in the mid-2000s, as did "Treasures" shows from the museum's collection and artist visits. A 2004 show, "Insights", highlighted 30 works about
970:, "not to be profoundly moved" by the museum's 2004 Apartheid exhibition. She praised the museum's contemporary collection but said that the works fought against their surroundings—the dedicated contemporary gallery was a good space with a poor ambiance.
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above ground and with similar display space: five galleries each, and only one with natural light. They are differentiated by their roof adornments: domes on the African art building and pyramids on the Sackler. The African art pavilion was built in red
653:
As the museum moved to the National Mall in the mid-1980s, its permanent collection consisted of more than 6,000 art objects (e.g., sculpture, artifacts, textiles) and the large Elisofon photography collection. This original collection focused on
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came on the market. Robbins put all of his savings down in cash for half of the purchase price and procured a mortgage for the rest. Money raised by the Center for Cross Cultural Communication enabled Robbins to found the Museum of African Art.
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The museum hosted 130 special exhibitions in its first 25 years, and since joining the Smithsonian, hosts two to three temporary exhibitions annually. In its pre-Smithsonian years, the museum's exhibitions were often loaned, such as from the
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constituency in a racially mixed neighborhood, with racially integrated staff and programming popular among local school groups with its regular films, folk stories, and lectures. The museum also offered workshops on African
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critic described the exhibits as often austere and understated in irregularly sized rooms that sometimes overwhelmed its contents. She was fondest of the small exhibits and the works imported from other museums. The other
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runs between them and the Smithsonian Institution Building. Underground, the museum and offices occupy the first two levels. A third level hosts exhibition and educational rooms. Its levels are connected by a three-story
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413:. The Smithsonian directors adopted the museum the following year and began plans to move the collection from the townhouses into a proper museum. In 1981, the museum was renamed the National Museum of African Art.
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782:. The exhibitions were chosen to confront stereotypes of African art as overly "expressive, ritualistic, and ... undocumented", and instead show perspectives overlooked in Western views on African art.
961:. The other reviewer added that the museum's textiles exhibition overemphasized the connection between African art and everyday life, as the textiles had comparatively weaker "imaginative ... impact".
1984:
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the museum recognized public outcry against the exhibition by creating a sign that acknowledged the allegations and refocused attention on the show's artists and artworks, which remained on view.
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wrote that the museum violated ethics and hurt its reputation by showcasing a private collection that had not been pledged to the museum. Kennicott challenged whether the painters of Cosby's
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424:. The complex was situated mostly underground and expanded the museum's exhibition space upon its September 1987 opening. Over time, perspectives towards African art shifted from
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2017:
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1297:
437:, beyond the traditional Sub-Saharan. The museum's founder criticized this direction and felt that the institution was neglecting its public role for "esoteric scholarship".
356:, Germany. In 1963, he founded the Center for Cross Cultural Communication, a non-profit educational institute and cultural center. In 1964, the Frederick Douglass House on
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498:. The museum saw a significant drop in attendance and planned giving, along with staff and advisory board departures. Blankenberg ceased to be director in March 2023.
269:. The collection focused on traditional African art and an educational mission to teach black cultural heritage. To ensure the museum's longevity, the founder lobbied
48:
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light would cause conservation issues for their wood sculptures. The museum felt restrained as part of the larger complex, one critic wrote, and deficient in style.
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1894:
457:, served as director between 2003 and 2008. Her tenure included more shows targeting children and an advisory board mass resignation over Smithsonian leadership.
252:, 300,000 photographs, and 50,000 library volumes. It was the first institution dedicated to African art in the United States and remains the largest collection.
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with large skylights set into the gardens above, through several feet of dirt. The pavilion was renovated in the early 2000s with a significant donation from
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percent of the 28 million annual Smithsonian visitors. This is due, in part, to its location, which is hidden from the National Mall by the original
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The museum was scheduled for remodeling as part of the Smithsonian's South Mall project starting in 2014, but plans were subsequently scaled back.
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reviewers criticized its design elements, namely the architect's choice of materials and lack of natural light underground. Architecture critic
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was the first such scholarly publication for a traditional African artist. The museum has also held solo exhibitions for artists including
626:
The National Museum of African Art was the first institution dedicated to African art in the United States, followed by the New York-based
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became the museum's director. Later that year, the Smithsonian broke ground on a new, dedicated building for the African art museum on the
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855:
471:, became the museum's director in 2009. Her tenure became associated with a controversial 2015 exhibit that featured works from comedian
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1804:
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2007:
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exhibition designers into smaller rooms to better suit small objects. The buildings are visible from Independence Avenue, and the new
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The museum was scheduled for remodeling as part of the $ 2 billion Smithsonian South Mall project. Plans from the Danish architects,
560:
1772:"The Smithsonian National Museum of African Art's Director Has Resigned After Less Than Two Years, Citing 'Resistance and Backlash'"
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called the museum a mainstay in the international art world and the main venue for contemporary African art in the United States.
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wrote that the museum "struggled ... to attract visitors and donations" in 2016, which was exacerbated by the Cosby controversy.
313:
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17:
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attended the museum, which hosted exhibits including an exercise on "how to look at art" in comparing traditional African and
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476:
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The 2015 "Conversations: African and African-American Artworks in Dialogue", featuring works from the private collection of
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museum hosts two-to-three temporary exhibitions and ten special events annually. The preferred abbreviation for its name is
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1496:
1460:
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2213:
683:
1876:
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3182:
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African art acquisitions in American donor collections. Some early highlights of the museum's collection include an
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convivial meeting place for individuals interested in American racial politics, in keeping with the 1960s and 1970s
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775:
567:. The two new museums had little involvement in the architectural designs drawn in the 1970s before their arrival.
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changes. Goldberger admired the building's craftsmanship, interiors, and responsive gallery spaces. The other two
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The museum's National Mall building construction began in mid-1983. The project, which also included the
200:
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954:
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became public. Cole retired in March 2017 and was succeeded by British filmmaker, scholar, and curator
406:
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South Africa from its collection. In 2013, the museum received its largest gift, $ 1.8 million from
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2012:
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430:
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229:
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244:. Its collections include 9,000 works of traditional and contemporary African art from both
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2704:
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537:
2083:
Black Men Built the Capitol: Discovering African-American History In and Around Washington
1324:
Povey, John F., ed. (1987). "The National Museum of African Art: Opening September 1987".
810:, towards a series that focuses on arts from the country and its links to cultures in the
8:
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2726:
2515:
2411:
2407:"Africa's image, writ larger; New statue just one tactic to raise small museum's profile"
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434:
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254:
249:
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1979:
1938:
1547:"African Art Museum to Lose Director; Patton Joins Long List of Smithsonian Departures"
1413:
1349:
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1006:
791:
655:
487:
480:
245:
35:
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1374:"African Art Curator to Head Museum; Roslyn Walker Pledges To Broaden Scope, Outreach"
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reviewer found the museum's collection larger but "less spectacular" than that of the
564:
2520:
2452:
2416:
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2309:
2141:
2087:
2050:
1943:
1886:
1741:"Smithsonian Names Ngaire Blankenberg Director of the National Museum of African Art"
1645:
1604:
1595:"At 80, Johnnetta Cole reflects on her career and the controversial Cosby exhibition"
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1506:
1470:
1418:
1383:
1341:
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345:
323:
169:
790:, a rare example of a single-person African art show. The exhibition's accompanying
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618:
295:
241:
180:
93:
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2008:"The National Museum of African Art Is About to Have an Amazing Sculpture Outside"
2653:
2511:"Smithsonian African Art director breaks silence on Cosby exhibition controversy"
2424:
2391:
1929:
1564:
1222:
Freyer, Bryna M. (1991). "The National Museum of African Art: A Curator's View".
932:
799:
640:
603:
468:
464:
450:
417:
410:
327:
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1975:"Smithsonian Unveils $ 2 Billion Plan to Renovate Its Museums and Public Spaces"
903:. The new location on the National Mall increased the museum's unguided visits.
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667:
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331:
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1947:
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The African art and Sackler buildings were built as twin pavilions, each one
491:
446:
421:
394:
237:
123:
110:
1709:"Smithsonian hires British curator and filmmaker to head African Art Museum"
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686:. The museum's first acquisitions budget came with joining the Smithsonian.
304:
912:
787:
659:
528:
425:
357:
349:
266:
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1877:"Johnnetta Cole Named New Director of the National Museum of African Art"
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679:
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region. The collection is idiosyncratic, reflecting the relative lack of
402:
398:
233:
143:
2171:
2980:
1676:"Johnnetta B. Cole, Director of African Art Museum, to Retire in March"
1461:"African Art Museum Chief Retires; Roslyn Walker Cites Health Concerns"
1353:
958:
908:
896:
818:
702:
675:
472:
842:
collection would have been "silenced" by ending the exhibition early.
2443:"Apartheid 'Insights' on Exhibit; 30 Works Show Cruelty in S. Africa"
2341:"Keeper of the Kalabari Magic; Nigerian Sculptor Sokari Douglas Camp"
811:
803:
779:
701:. These pieces will go on display at the National Museum of Benin in
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1680:
1049:
1841:"Smithsonian abandons $ 2 billion expansion plan unveiled in 2014"
693:
In March 2022, the museum announced plans to return to Nigeria 39
899:. Through the '90s, school groups took guided tours with trained
576:
495:
353:
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2479:
571:
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was put on permanent display outside the museum in late 2016.
1805:"The Smithsonian Returns a Trove of Benin Bronzes to Nigeria"
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393:
approved this plan in 1978 with backing from Representatives
1497:"Smithsonian Names Sharon Patton to Lead African Art Museum"
727:
2204:"Warren M. Robbins Library, National Museum of African Art"
1700:
807:
532:
View of the four-acre quadrangle, with the Sackler Gallery
2237:"Smithsonian to give back its collection of Benin bronzes"
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211:
2374:"Artist's Kinetic Works Weld Western and African Styles"
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1037:
490:
became director. In 2022 the museum returned 29 looted
1870:
1868:
1866:
1636:"African Art Museum Director Cole will retire in March"
888:
with preschoolers, and the 2016 Voguing Masquerade Ball
389:, a federal group of museums and research centers. The
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1319:
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A shorter, non-paywalled version is available via the
55:
3099:
2172:"Major Collection of African Art Goes to Smithsonian"
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2112:
2041:"For African Art Treasures, a Place to Spread Out"
381:To ensure the museum's longevity, Robbins lobbied
2475:"African Art Museum Gets $ 1.8 million From Oman"
2398:
2300:"ART VIEW; Anonymous Tribal Artisans? Look Again"
1627:
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638:. Elisofon covered major 20th-century events for
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1153:"African Beauty: At 40, Museum Updates Its Look"
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927:At the National Mall building's opening, three
3067:John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
1999:
1966:
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1259:
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1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
377:The museum's original location on Capitol Hill
3168:Art museums and galleries in Washington, D.C.
3163:Art museums and galleries established in 1964
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1521:
1485:
1403:
1401:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1117:
3000:Smithsonian Contributions and Studies Series
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
463:, an anthropologist and former president of
440:Following Williams's death in 1996, curator
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1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
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825:, became controversial for opening just as
261:The museum was founded in 1964 by a former
2602:
2588:
2572:
2440:
2371:
1934:"A Smithsonian Dig Results in Two Museums"
1928:
1875:Trescott, Jacqueline (February 10, 2009).
1398:
1280:"Beneath Smithsonian, Debut for 2 Museums"
1200:
999:
561:Shepley, Bulfinch, Richardson & Abbott
2505:
2441:Shaw-Eagle, Joanna (September 11, 2004).
2365:
2332:
2132:"New Showcases for Asian and African Art"
1747:. Smithsonian Institution. July 6, 2021.
1495:Trescott, Jacqueline (January 15, 2003).
1372:Trescott, Jacqueline (January 16, 1997).
980:
827:allegations of sexual assault against him
622:A specialist prepares an exhibit in 1987.
477:allegations of sexual assault against him
385:(Congress) to absorb his museum into the
3158:African art museums in the United States
3041:Smithsonian Philatelic Achievement Award
2431:
2404:
2086:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 50.
1909:
1874:
1803:Germain, Jacquelyne (October 11, 2022).
1544:
1494:
1458:
1371:
1151:Trescott, Jacqueline (August 13, 2004).
1150:
1082:
761:
617:
527:
372:
2825:Caribbean Coral Reef Ecosystems Program
2483:. Associated Press. November 26, 2013.
2339:Kastor, Elizabeth (November 11, 1988).
2234:
2079:
2005:
1897:from the original on September 25, 2018
1834:
1832:
1802:
1769:
1763:
1721:from the original on September 27, 2017
1706:
1633:
1592:
1277:
964:"It's impossible", a reviewer wrote in
3150:
2338:
2297:
2216:from the original on February 15, 2017
2020:from the original on November 12, 2016
1972:
1278:Brenson, Michael (September 8, 1987).
1221:
348:purchased 32 pieces of African art in
16:For other museums of African art, see
2583:
2487:from the original on February 3, 2017
2405:Trescott, Jacqueline (June 6, 2010).
2372:Shaw-Eagle, Joanna (April 27, 1997).
2320:from the original on February 4, 2017
2291:
2279:from the original on October 21, 2017
2184:from the original on February 3, 2017
2130:Smith, Roberta (September 20, 1987).
2129:
2006:Beaujon, Andrew (November 11, 2016).
1851:from the original on January 20, 2021
1707:McGlone, Peggy (September 27, 2017).
1688:from the original on February 3, 2017
1656:from the original on February 3, 2017
1545:Trescott, Jacqueline (May 17, 2008).
1429:from the original on February 3, 2017
1323:
1300:from the original on February 2, 2017
1182:"An African art museum less traveled"
1105:from the original on February 2, 2017
1083:Molotsky, Irvin (September 2, 1987).
1057:from the original on February 3, 2017
1000:Gamarekian, Barbara (June 21, 1983).
2627:African American History and Culture
2467:
2038:
1987:from the original on October 5, 2015
1973:Bowley, Graham (November 14, 2014).
1829:
1751:from the original on January 8, 2022
1634:McGlone, Peggy (December 14, 2016).
1459:Trescott, Jacqueline (May 9, 2002).
658:, with better representation of the
274:the Smithsonian's smallest museums.
2100:from the original on April 28, 2016
1838:
1615:from the original on March 22, 2017
1593:McGlone, Peggy (October 27, 2016).
13:
2531:from the original on June 29, 2022
2298:Cotter, Holland (April 12, 1998).
2249:from the original on March 8, 2022
2152:from the original on July 22, 2020
1954:from the original on June 29, 2022
1188:from the original on June 29, 2022
1002:"Art Museum to Bid the Hill Adieu"
14:
3194:
2547:
2061:from the original on May 26, 2015
1817:from the original on May 11, 2023
1784:from the original on May 11, 2023
1022:from the original on May 24, 2015
504:
3133:
3121:
3109:
2552:
2235:McGlone, Peggy (March 8, 2022).
1085:"African Art, by Way of Germany"
865:
854:
776:Renee and Chaim Gross Foundation
746:
737:
726:
717:
542:Smithsonian Institution Building
518:Smithsonian Institution Building
312:
303:
294:
194:
189:
184:
179:
54:
47:
34:
3178:Smithsonian Institution museums
2261:
2228:
2196:
2039:Reif, Rita (February 7, 1993).
1796:
1770:Boucher, Brian (May 10, 2023).
1733:
1045:"Warren M. Robbins (1923–2008)"
944:Of the opening exhibition, the
678:–Portuguese ivory spoon and an
523:
2912:Folklife and Cultural Heritage
2559:National Museum of African Art
2273:National Museum of African Art
756:Masks and figurines on display
708:
613:
475:'s private collection just as
226:National Museum of African Art
29:National Museum of African Art
23:Smithsonian Institution museum
1:
3089:U.S. National Tick Collection
2874:Museum Conservation Institute
2862:Biodiversity Heritage Library
973:
684:the Robert Woods Bliss estate
2830:Conservation and restoration
2732:Archives of American Gardens
922:
834:art and architecture critic
697:that were seized during the
409:, and former Vice President
63:Location in Washington, D.C.
7:
2974:Air & Space/Smithsonian
845:
682:gold pendant bequeathed by
10:
3199:
2666:Jazz Masterworks Orchestra
955:Metropolitan Museum of Art
486:In 2021 museum consultant
407:Congressional Black Caucus
285:
15:
3054:
3008:
2958:
2937:
2894:
2812:
2789:
2617:
636:Constance Stuart Larrabee
547:, and African art museum
455:Allen Memorial Art Museum
206:
175:
165:
157:
149:
139:
100:
89:
81:
71:
42:
33:
3183:Southwest Federal Center
3021:Charles Lang Freer Medal
2820:Archives of American Art
2797:National Zoological Park
1409:"Africa Museum Director"
699:Benin Expedition of 1897
563:, based on a concept by
391:House of Representatives
383:the national legislature
342:American Foreign Service
2611:Smithsonian Institution
2080:Holland, Jesse (2007).
387:Smithsonian Institution
236:museum, located on the
230:Smithsonian Institution
3036:National Design Awards
2857:Libraries and Archives
2852:Environmental Research
2180:. September 30, 2005.
1932:(September 20, 1987).
770:
628:Center for African Art
623:
551:
509:As of the late 2000s,
378:
3046:Woodrow Wilson Awards
2671:Numismatic Collection
2561:at Wikimedia Commons
2209:Smithsonian Libraries
1684:. December 15, 2016.
768:
621:
531:
449:, former director of
376:
242:United States capital
176:Public transit access
77:Museum of African Art
18:Museum of African Art
3077:The Wilson Quarterly
3016:James Smithson Medal
2847:Conservation Biology
2759:Encyclopedia of Life
2722:Cooper–Hewitt Design
2463:on February 4, 2017.
2448:The Washington Times
2427:on February 7, 2017.
2394:on December 1, 2017.
2379:The Washington Times
2361:on February 4, 2017.
1810:Smithsonian Magazine
1567:on February 4, 2017.
1517:on February 4, 2017.
1417:. January 18, 1997.
1173:on February 7, 2017.
1053:. December 8, 2008.
967:The Washington Times
582:Enid A. Haupt Garden
538:Enid A. Haupt Garden
2995:Smithsonian Channel
2695:Arts and Industries
2516:The Washington Post
2412:The Washington Post
2346:The Washington Post
2242:The Washington Post
1882:The Washington Post
1845:The Washington Post
1714:The Washington Post
1641:The Washington Post
1600:The Washington Post
1552:The Washington Post
1502:The Washington Post
1466:The Washington Post
1379:The Washington Post
1184:. August 25, 2004.
1158:The Washington Post
917:The Washington Post
832:The Washington Post
796:Sokari Douglas Camp
647:The Washington Post
598:Bjarke Ingels Group
512:The Washington Post
367:Black Arts Movement
340:In the late 1950s,
255:The Washington Post
124:38.8880°N 77.0255°W
120: /
30:
3084:Smithsonian Police
3031:Langley Gold Medal
2509:(August 5, 2015).
2305:The New York Times
2269:"Past Exhibitions"
2137:The New York Times
2046:The New York Times
1980:The New York Times
1939:The New York Times
1414:The New York Times
1285:The New York Times
1226:. pp. 56–62.
1090:The New York Times
1007:The New York Times
792:catalogue raisonne
771:
656:Sub-Saharan Africa
624:
608:Wind Sculpture VII
552:
488:Ngaire Blankenberg
483:in February 2018.
481:Gus Casely-Hayford
431:contemporary works
379:
28:
3097:
3096:
2917:Folklife Festival
2886:Tropical Research
2557:Media related to
2507:Kennicott, Philip
2093:978-0-7627-5192-1
1481:on April 9, 2016.
1394:on March 9, 2016.
1177:Los Angeles Times
876:
766:
435:Arab North Africa
346:Warren M. Robbins
330:(1983–1996), and
324:Warren M. Robbins
322:Museum directors
222:
221:
170:Warren M. Robbins
129:38.8880; -77.0255
3190:
3138:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3105:
2771:Portrait Gallery
2764:Global Volcanism
2661:American History
2604:
2597:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2568:Official website
2556:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2459:. Archived from
2438:
2429:
2428:
2423:. Archived from
2402:
2396:
2395:
2390:. Archived from
2369:
2363:
2362:
2357:. Archived from
2336:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1930:Goldberger, Paul
1926:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1872:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1839:McGlone, Peggy.
1836:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1590:
1569:
1568:
1563:. Archived from
1542:
1519:
1518:
1513:. Archived from
1492:
1483:
1482:
1477:. Archived from
1456:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1390:. Archived from
1369:
1358:
1357:
1321:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1275:
1236:
1235:
1224:Arte in Africa 2
1219:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1174:
1169:. Archived from
1148:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1080:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
997:
878:
877:
858:
836:Philip Kennicott
767:
750:
741:
730:
721:
316:
307:
298:
218:
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198:
193:
188:
183:
135:
134:
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130:
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117:
116:
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94:Washington, D.C.
58:
57:
51:
38:
31:
27:
3198:
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3132:
3122:
3120:
3110:
3108:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3050:
3004:
2954:
2933:
2890:
2808:
2785:
2781:Women's History
2754:Barcode of Life
2749:Natural History
2678:American Indian
2654:Renwick Gallery
2613:
2608:
2566:
2565:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2480:NBC4 Washington
2473:
2472:
2468:
2439:
2432:
2403:
2399:
2370:
2366:
2337:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2217:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2128:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2094:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1927:
1910:
1900:
1898:
1873:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1591:
1572:
1543:
1522:
1493:
1486:
1457:
1442:
1432:
1430:
1407:
1406:
1399:
1370:
1361:
1338:10.2307/3336631
1322:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1276:
1239:
1220:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1149:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1081:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1043:
1042:
1035:
1025:
1023:
998:
981:
976:
933:Paul Goldberger
925:
892:
891:
890:
889:
881:
880:
879:
866:
861:
860:
859:
848:
800:Yinka Shonibare
769:Karen Milbourne
762:
760:
759:
758:
757:
753:
752:
751:
743:
742:
733:
732:
731:
723:
722:
711:
668:Central African
616:
604:Yinka Shonibare
587:enclosed arcade
565:JunzĹŤ Yoshimura
556:Sackler Gallery
526:
507:
469:Bennett College
451:Oberlin College
433:and works from
418:Sylvia Williams
416:In early 1983,
411:Hubert Humphrey
338:
337:
336:
335:
328:Sylvia Williams
319:
318:
317:
309:
308:
300:
299:
288:
263:Foreign Service
210:
150:Collection size
128:
126:
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119:
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106:
96:, United States
74:
67:
66:
65:
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59:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3196:
3186:
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3143:
3142:
3130:
3118:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3069:
3064:
3062:James Smithson
3058:
3056:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3026:Hodgkins Medal
3023:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2984:
2977:
2970:
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2883:
2882:
2881:
2879:Migratory Bird
2871:
2869:Marine Station
2866:
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2854:
2849:
2844:
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2548:External links
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2188:February 6,
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1991:February 3,
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1692:February 6,
1660:February 2,
1619:February 2,
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1061:February 2,
798:(1989) and
780:snuff boxes
709:Exhibitions
614:Collections
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403:Ron Dellums
399:Lindy Boggs
334:(2009–2017)
265:officer in
246:Sub-Saharan
234:African art
201:Smithsonian
144:African art
140:Collections
127: /
102:Coordinates
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73:Former name
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2981:STEM in 30
2642:Udvar–Hazy
1855:January 9,
1755:January 8,
974:References
909:stripweave
897:modern art
703:Benin City
473:Bill Cosby
115:77°01′32″W
112:38°53′17″N
2938:Education
2739:Hirshhorn
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2990:magazine
2922:Folkways
2895:Cultural
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545:(center)
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1821:May 11,
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286:History
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