611:
44:
33:
1145:
66:
162:
1156:
55:
605:
1051:
460:, removing protections on about 2.8 million acres of land where mining could resume. Three lawsuits challenged the legality of this action in federal court, and in October 2021, President Joe Biden reversed the changes. The restoration of the monuments has been challenged in court in an attempt to attack the Antiquities Act.
376:. This action was unpopular in Utah, and bills were introduced to further restrict the president's authority, none of which have been enacted. Most of the 16 national monuments created by President Clinton are managed not by the National Park Service, but by the Bureau of Land Management as part of the
313:
after
Congress had declined to authorize this park expansion. Roosevelt's proclamation unleashed a storm of criticism about use of the Antiquities Act to circumvent Congress. A bill abolishing Jackson Hole National Monument passed Congress but was vetoed by Roosevelt, and Congressional and court
173:
investigations and penalties for taking or destroying antiquities without permission. Additionally, it authorized the president to proclaim "historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures, and other objects of historic or scientific interest" on federal lands as national monuments, "the
251:
ruled unanimously that the Grand Canyon was indeed "an object of historic or scientific interest" and could be protected by proclamation, setting a precedent for the use of the
Antiquities Act to preserve large areas. Federal courts have since rejected every challenge to the president's use of
1067:(University of Minnesota Press, 2022). A highly personal study of 13 major monuments, it covers land use and ownership, the tension between nature's intrinsic value and the economic value of resource extraction and tourism, and the deeper historical controversies surrounding monuments.
314:
challenges to the proclamation authority were mounted. In 1950, Congress finally incorporated most of the monument into Grand Teton
National Park, but the act doing so barred further use of the proclamation authority in Wyoming except for areas of 5,000 acres or less.
925:
972:
772:
1772:
1672:
246:
In response to
Roosevelt's declaration of the Grand Canyon monument, a putative mining claimant sued in federal court, claiming that Roosevelt had overstepped the Antiquities Act authority by protecting an entire canyon. In 1920, the
272:, comprising more than 1,000,000 acres (4,000 km). Katmai was later enlarged to nearly 2,800,000 acres (11,000 km) by subsequent Antiquities Act proclamations and for many years was the largest national park system unit.
915:
764:
1126:
866:
177:
Presidents have used the
Antiquities Act's proclamation authority not only to create new national monuments but to enlarge existing ones. For example, Franklin D. Roosevelt significantly enlarged
108:
in the U.S. must be created by
Congressional legislation. Some national monuments were first created by presidential action and later designated as national parks by congressional approval.
100:
or an act of
Congress. National monuments protect a wide variety of natural and historic resources, including sites of geologic, marine, archaeological, and cultural importance. The
1199:
805:
2092:
252:
Antiquities Act preservation authority, ruling that the law gives the president exclusive discretion over the determination of the size and nature of the objects protected.
841:
2338:
1978:
1160:
407:
1993:
491:
1892:
1742:
1254:
973:"FACT SHEET: President Biden Restores Protections for Three National Monuments and Renews American Leadership to Steward Lands, Waters, and Cultural Resources"
438:
2353:
2328:
1963:
1192:
876:
1379:
711:
1862:
1817:
1344:
2363:
2333:
565:
17:
174:
limits of which in all cases shall be confined to the smallest area compatible with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected."
2358:
2323:
1329:
1185:
2162:
632:
372:, after many years of unsuccessful advocacy by conservationists to protect parts of the area. This was the first national monument managed by the
2015:
1988:
1983:
1948:
1931:
1837:
469:
457:
388:
384:
365:
327:
131:
111:
733:
1504:
1434:
2348:
1902:
682:
326:
proclaimed 17 new national monuments in Alaska after
Congress had adjourned without passing a major Alaska lands bill. Congress passed
2047:
1973:
1832:
1727:
1584:
1499:
1454:
657:
2205:
2117:
1717:
1629:
1534:
1489:
287:
283:
105:
399:. They are managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration overseeing the fisheries.
1619:
1509:
1439:
795:
1852:
1802:
1787:
1682:
1574:
1259:
1234:
446:
93:
1968:
1384:
1239:
1148:
1116:
Shafer, Craig L. "History of selection and system planning for US natural area national parks and monuments: beauty and biology".
1872:
1732:
1224:
354:
123:
89:
2255:
2157:
2087:
1877:
1812:
1707:
1484:
1464:
1444:
1324:
1264:
434:
377:
194:
827:
43:
210:
1084:
2304:
2147:
2056:
1797:
502:
350:
583:
2343:
2072:
1998:
1722:
1589:
1539:
1299:
1229:
426:
396:
357:, the first to be created outside of the National Park Service. The latter two became national wildlife refuges in 1980.
190:
58:
219:
The reference in the act to "objects of ... scientific interest" enabled
President Theodore Roosevelt to make a natural
1907:
1882:
1667:
1514:
1449:
1314:
1289:
1284:
1269:
1023:
342:
248:
1107:
239:, another natural feature. In 1908, Roosevelt used the act to proclaim more than 800,000 acres (3,200 km) of the
2280:
1842:
1777:
1604:
1524:
1349:
1294:
392:
383:
President George W. Bush created four marine national monuments in the
Pacific Ocean, the largest in the system: the
346:
265:
2040:
1897:
1867:
1564:
1429:
1389:
897:
442:
430:
998:
2198:
2077:
1958:
1953:
1857:
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1702:
1687:
1639:
1459:
1394:
1364:
135:
69:
1887:
1737:
1712:
1697:
1634:
1579:
1569:
1469:
1424:
1409:
1319:
338:
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275:
232:
97:
36:
707:
1767:
1649:
1549:
1279:
1244:
497:
486:
1927:
1827:
1782:
1677:
1544:
1519:
1479:
1419:
1369:
1334:
453:
231:, the first national monument three months later. Among the next three monuments he proclaimed in 1906 was
119:
559:
2275:
2260:
2033:
2003:
1762:
1614:
1594:
1554:
1494:
1474:
1249:
539:
422:
290:, were also originally proclaimed as national monuments and later designated national parks by Congress.
2250:
2191:
2067:
1847:
1822:
1624:
1374:
1359:
1339:
1274:
625:
279:
178:
134:(in the case of marine national monuments). Historically, some national monuments were managed by the
2107:
2097:
1918:
1752:
1644:
741:
373:
310:
294:
127:
104:
of 1906 gives presidents the power to proclaim national monuments by executive action. In contrast,
32:
2270:
2172:
2132:
2112:
1529:
675:
543:
47:
898:
Trump dramatically shrinks two national monuments in Utah, assailing rule by 'distant bureaucrats'
524:
2265:
1935:
1609:
433:. Obama's establishments included several others recognizing civil rights history, including the
306:
947:
2285:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2025:
1304:
661:
2183:
1052:
A national park in the wasteland: American and National Park Service perceptions of the desert
2167:
2152:
2137:
1216:
115:
1922:
1177:
1166:
1065:
This Contested Land: The Storied Past and Uncertain Future of America's National Monuments
8:
920:
828:"President Bush Creates Three New Pacific Marine Monuments in U.S. Pacific Insular Areas"
216:
and artifacts (collectively termed "antiquities") on federal lands in the American West.
2082:
1939:
800:
142:
2127:
1659:
418:
331:
182:
322:
The most substantial use of the proclamation authority came in 1978, when President
2122:
360:
The proclamation authority was not used again anywhere until 1996, when President
334:, but the act also curtailed further use of the proclamation authority in Alaska.
480:
206:
101:
406:
significantly expanded two of them and added a fifth in the Atlantic Ocean, the
2142:
1309:
871:
579:
261:
85:
1085:
The Clinton National Monuments: Protecting Ecosystems with the Antiquities Act
2317:
2219:
2215:
1807:
1599:
1559:
1071:
610:. Resource Management Plan: Environmental Impact Statement. January 1, 2009.
414:
77:
1096:
National monuments to national parks: The use of the Antiquities Act of 1906
452:
In December 2017, President Donald Trump substantially reduced the sizes of
1414:
1399:
1354:
1167:
The Proclamation of National Monuments Under the Antiquities Act, 1906-1970
916:"Uranium firm urged Trump officials to shrink Bears Ears National Monument"
403:
361:
323:
240:
224:
186:
146:
1171:
1144:
1404:
765:"Locals bitter over Grand StaircaseâEscalante National Monument creation"
330:
incorporating most of these national monuments into national parks and
170:
1095:
293:
Substantial opposition did not materialize until 1943, when President
165:
Supt. Frank "Boss" Pinkley â the southwestern national monuments, 1934
1773:
Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni â Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon
1692:
1673:
Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni â Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon
842:"Obama Designates 1st Marine National Monument In The Atlantic Ocean"
161:
209:
of 1906 resulted from concerns about protecting mostly prehistoric
65:
302:
236:
228:
220:
150:
2055:
1024:"Goal of Utah's monument lawsuit: Take down the Antiquities Act"
2213:
1155:
269:
88:
that can be created from any land owned or controlled by the
540:"Difference Between a National Park and a National Monument"
527:. National Parks Conservation Association. November 9, 2022.
54:
1207:
1127:
National monuments and economic growth in the American West
1108:
Preserving different pasts: The American national monuments
880:
369:
317:
213:
27:
Monuments assigned protected status by presidents of the US
999:"Utah files suit challenging Biden's monument restoration"
796:"House tweaks Clinton over creation of national monuments"
867:"President Obama Designates Stonewall National Monument"
408:
Northeast Canyons and Seamounts Marine National Monument
305:. He did this to accept a donation of lands acquired by
492:
List of areas in the United States National Park System
1125:
Walls, Margaret, Patrick Lee, and Matthew Ashenfarb. "
169:
The Antiquities Act authorized permits for legitimate
734:"Antiquities Act 1906â2006: Maps, facts and figures"
885:
Official announcement from White House Press Office
193:in 1965, and Jimmy Carter made major additions to
1994:President Lincoln's Cottage at the Soldiers' Home
740:. U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived from
494:(includes list of NPS-managed national monuments)
2315:
607:Canyons of the Ancients National Monument (N.M.)
2339:United States Forest Service National Monuments
470:List of national monuments of the United States
389:Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument
132:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
875:(Press release). June 24, 2016. Archived from
2199:
2041:
1193:
463:
114:are managed by several federal agencies: the
2354:Monuments and memorials in the United States
2329:Bureau of Land Management National Monuments
2057:Federal protected areas in the United States
907:
458:Grand StaircaseâEscalante National Monuments
425:, the first national monument commemorating
200:
366:Grand StaircaseâEscalante National Monument
2206:
2192:
2048:
2034:
1200:
1186:
1172:National Monuments and the Antiquities Act
1072:The Antiquities Act and the acreage debate
447:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monuments
385:PapahÄnaumokuÄkea Marine National Monument
890:
564:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1930.
2364:United States Department of the Interior
2334:National Park Service National Monuments
913:
318:Late 20th century and early 21st century
160:
64:
53:
42:
31:
2359:United States Department of Agriculture
2324:National Monuments of the United States
1209:National monuments of the United States
1161:National Monuments of the United States
568:from the original on November 22, 2012.
413:On June 24, 2016, Obama designated the
197:and Katmai National Monuments in 1978.
124:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
14:
2316:
762:
650:
614:from the original on December 6, 2017.
519:
517:
378:National Landscape Conservation System
2187:
2029:
1181:
1111:(University of Illinois Press, 1989).
914:Eilperin, Juliet (December 8, 2017).
793:
714:from the original on October 16, 2014
586:from the original on October 11, 2014
337:Carter's 1978 proclamations included
328:a revised version of the bill in 1980
153:as the first U.S. national monument.
2349:Protected areas of the United States
2305:National Register of Historic Places
1893:Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains
1743:Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains
928:from the original on January 2, 2018
775:from the original on August 26, 2015
660:. 1920. 252 U.S. 450. Archived from
537:
503:Protected areas of the United States
145:used the Antiquities Act to declare
1964:Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad
948:"NRDC et al. v. Trump (Bears Ears)"
763:Wieber, Audrey (October 12, 2014).
514:
397:Rose Atoll Marine National Monument
343:Admiralty Island National Monuments
255:
191:Statue of Liberty National Monument
59:Statue of Liberty National Monument
24:
1044:
808:from the original on July 20, 2015
794:Lewis, Neil A. (October 8, 1997).
688:from the original on July 13, 2014
626:"Devils Tower first 50 years"
561:Glimpses of Our National Monuments
25:
2375:
1380:Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley
1137:
879:on February 16, 2017 – via
676:"PUBLIC LAW 85-358-MAR. 28, 1958"
638:from the original on May 31, 2009
393:Marianas Marine National Monument
18:National Monument (United States)
1174:â Congressional Research Service
1154:
1149:United States National Monuments
1143:
1089:Harvard Environmental Law Review
431:LGBT rights in the United States
1979:Northeast Canyons and Seamounts
1118:Biodiversity & Conservation
1016:
991:
965:
940:
859:
834:
820:
787:
756:
726:
345:in the U.S. Forest Service and
70:Fort Matanzas National Monument
1693:Camp Hale â Continental Divide
1330:Charles Young Buffalo Soldiers
700:
681:. Government Printing Office.
668:
618:
598:
572:
552:
538:Yard, Robert Sterling (1931).
531:
525:"What Is a National Monument?"
351:Yukon Flats National Monuments
299:Jackson Hole National Monument
98:president of the United States
37:Devils Tower National Monument
13:
1:
1984:Pacific Remote Islands Marine
1949:Aleutian Islands World War II
1255:Belmont-Paul Women's Equality
508:
498:List of U.S. wilderness areas
487:List of U.S. National Forests
439:BelmontâPaul Women's Equality
1863:Organ MountainsâDesert Peaks
1505:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home
1435:George Washington Birthplace
1151:travel guide from Wikivoyage
1100:Western Historical Quarterly
783:– via MagicValley.com.
545:The National Parks Portfolio
120:United States Forest Service
7:
2261:International Historic Site
2073:Estuarine Research Reserves
1903:Upper Missouri River Breaks
474:
423:Stonewall National Monument
249:United States Supreme Court
10:
2380:
2344:Parks in the United States
1974:Military Working Dog Teams
1728:Saint Francis Dam Disaster
1585:Springfield 1908 Race Riot
1500:Little Bighorn Battlefield
658:"Cameron v. United States"
580:"American Antiquities Act"
467:
464:List of national monuments
179:Dinosaur National Monument
156:
112:The 134 national monuments
2299:
2226:
2063:
2012:
1916:
1838:Grand StaircaseâEscalante
1751:
1658:
1630:Virgin Islands Coral Reef
1490:Katahdin Woods and Waters
1215:
736:. National Park Service.
631:. National Park Service.
582:. National Park Service.
417:and surrounding areas in
374:Bureau of Land Management
355:Fish and Wildlife Service
311:Grand Teton National Park
201:Early 20th century origin
128:Bureau of Land Management
61:, New Jersey and New York
2113:Outstanding Natural Area
2093:Lakeshores and seashores
1989:PapahÄnaumokuÄkea Marine
1620:Tule Springs Fossil Beds
1510:Mill Springs Battlefield
1440:George Washington Carver
266:Katmai National Monument
243:as a national monument.
48:Navajo National Monument
2256:National Historic Sites
1853:Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks
1803:Canyons of the Ancients
1788:Berryessa Snow Mountain
1683:Berryessa Snow Mountain
1575:Salinas Pueblo Missions
1260:Birmingham Civil Rights
1235:Alibates Flint Quarries
1076:The George Wright Forum
307:John D. Rockefeller Jr.
2168:Wilderness Study Areas
2158:Wild and Scenic Rivers
2138:Research Natural Areas
1969:Marianas Trench Marine
1833:Grand CanyonâParashant
1455:Grand CanyonâParashant
1385:Florissant Fossil Beds
1305:Castillo de San Marcos
1133:6.12 (2020): eaay8523.
286:, among several other
166:
73:
62:
51:
40:
1873:Prehistoric Trackways
1733:San Gabriel Mountains
1600:Sunset Crater Volcano
1225:African Burial Ground
1217:National Park Service
1102:20.3 (1989): 281-301.
1028:The Salt Lake Tribune
1003:The Salt Lake Tribune
771:. Twin Falls, Idaho.
769:Twin Falls Times-News
295:Franklin D. Roosevelt
164:
116:National Park Service
68:
57:
46:
35:
1878:RĂo Grande del Norte
1708:Gila Cliff Dwellings
1485:John Day Fossil Beds
1465:Hagerman Fossil Beds
1445:Gila Cliff Dwellings
1265:Booker T. Washington
1163:at Wikimedia Commons
1094:Righter, Robert W. "
1056:The Public Historian
708:"Records of the NPS"
2276:Historical Reserves
1818:Craters of the Moon
1345:Craters of the Moon
1058:38.4 (2016): 38-55.
1050:Dilsaver, Lary M. "
921:The Washington Post
904:(December 4, 2017).
744:on 12 December 2017
260:In 1918, President
2251:Historic Landmarks
2098:Marine Sanctuaries
2068:Conservation Areas
2016:Full Detailed List
1798:California Coastal
1120:8 (1999): 189-204.
1083:Ranchod, Sanjay. "
801:The New York Times
664:on March 30, 2014.
421:, New York as the
309:, for addition to
167:
143:Theodore Roosevelt
90:federal government
74:
63:
52:
41:
2311:
2310:
2236:Battlefield Parks
2181:
2180:
2108:Natural Landmarks
2023:
2022:
1999:Rose Atoll Marine
1660:US Forest Service
1590:Statue of Liberty
1540:Organ Pipe Cactus
1300:Casa Grande Ruins
1230:Agate Fossil Beds
1159:Media related to
979:. October 8, 2021
902:Los Angeles Times
896:Keith Schneider,
881:National Archives
419:Greenwich Village
183:Lyndon B. Johnson
82:national monument
16:(Redirected from
2371:
2271:Historical Parks
2241:Battlefield Site
2208:
2201:
2194:
2185:
2184:
2173:Wildlife Refuges
2163:Wilderness Areas
2133:Recreation Areas
2088:Historical parks
2050:
2043:
2036:
2027:
2026:
1908:Vermilion Cliffs
1883:San Juan Islands
1813:CascadeâSiskiyou
1718:Mount St. Helens
1668:Admiralty Island
1515:Montezuma Castle
1450:Governors Island
1315:Castle Mountains
1290:Cape Krusenstern
1285:Canyon de Chelly
1270:Buck Island Reef
1202:
1195:
1188:
1179:
1178:
1158:
1147:
1131:Science advances
1091:25 (2001): 535+.
1070:Norris, Frank. "
1063:Long, McKenzie.
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
995:
989:
988:
986:
984:
969:
963:
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958:
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933:
911:
905:
894:
888:
887:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
838:
832:
831:
830:. June 18, 2015.
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
791:
785:
784:
782:
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760:
754:
753:
751:
749:
730:
724:
723:
721:
719:
710:. archives.gov.
704:
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672:
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593:
591:
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570:
569:
556:
550:
549:
535:
529:
528:
521:
284:Great Sand Dunes
276:Petrified Forest
256:Mid-20th century
233:Petrified Forest
21:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2295:
2266:Historic Trails
2222:
2212:
2182:
2177:
2059:
2054:
2024:
2019:
2008:
1926:
1912:
1843:Ironwood Forest
1778:Basin and Range
1755:Land Management
1754:
1747:
1654:
1605:Timpanogos Cave
1525:Natural Bridges
1350:Devils Postpile
1325:CĂ©sar E. ChĂĄvez
1295:Capulin Volcano
1211:
1206:
1140:
1047:
1045:Further reading
1042:
1032:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
997:
996:
992:
982:
980:
977:The White House
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523:
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511:
481:Antiquities Act
477:
472:
466:
435:CĂ©sar E. ChĂĄvez
364:proclaimed the
320:
258:
211:Native American
207:Antiquities Act
203:
159:
102:Antiquities Act
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2377:
2367:
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2361:
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2346:
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2336:
2331:
2326:
2309:
2308:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2286:Military Parks
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2246:Heritage Areas
2243:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2216:Historic sites
2211:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2188:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
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2125:
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262:Woodrow Wilson
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2231:Battlefields
2148:Scenic Areas
2102:
2014:
1888:Sand to Snow
1738:Sand to Snow
1713:Misty Fjords
1698:Chimney Rock
1635:Waco Mammoth
1580:Scotts Bluff
1570:Russell Cave
1535:Oregon Caves
1470:Hohokam Pima
1425:Fossil Butte
1415:Fort Stanwix
1410:Fort Pulaski
1400:Fort McHenry
1355:Devils Tower
1320:Cedar Breaks
1208:
1130:
1117:
1106:
1099:
1088:
1078:23#3 (2006).
1075:
1064:
1055:
1033:September 6,
1031:. Retrieved
1027:
1018:
1008:September 6,
1006:. Retrieved
1002:
993:
981:. Retrieved
976:
967:
955:. Retrieved
951:
942:
930:. Retrieved
919:
909:
901:
892:
884:
877:the original
870:
861:
851:February 13,
849:. Retrieved
845:
836:
822:
810:. Retrieved
799:
789:
777:. Retrieved
768:
758:
746:. Retrieved
742:the original
737:
728:
716:. Retrieved
702:
690:. Retrieved
670:
662:the original
652:
640:. Retrieved
620:
606:
600:
588:. Retrieved
574:
560:
554:
544:
533:
451:
427:the movement
412:
404:Barack Obama
401:
382:
362:Bill Clinton
359:
339:Misty Fjords
336:
324:Jimmy Carter
321:
292:
280:Grand Canyon
274:
259:
245:
241:Grand Canyon
225:Devils Tower
218:
204:
187:Ellis Island
176:
168:
147:Devils Tower
140:
110:
94:proclamation
81:
75:
29:
1768:Avi Kwa Ame
1650:Yucca House
1550:Pipe Spring
1405:Fort Monroe
1280:Camp Nelson
1245:Aztec Ruins
957:November 8,
718:October 11,
692:October 11,
642:October 11,
590:October 11,
297:proclaimed
264:proclaimed
195:Glacier Bay
2318:Categories
2083:Grasslands
1828:Gold Butte
1783:Bears Ears
1678:Bears Ears
1545:Petroglyph
1520:Muir Woods
1480:Jewel Cave
1420:Fort Union
1370:El Malpais
1335:Chiricahua
983:October 8,
932:January 2,
748:6 February
509:References
454:Bears Ears
402:President
395:, and the
221:geological
141:President
130:, and the
2302:See also:
2291:Monuments
2281:Memorials
2128:Preserves
2103:Monuments
2004:Tule Lake
1763:Agua Fria
1753:Bureau of
1615:Tule Lake
1595:Stonewall
1555:Pipestone
1495:Lava Beds
1475:Hovenweep
1250:Bandelier
1240:Aniakchak
332:preserves
223:feature,
181:in 1938.
72:, Florida
50:, Arizona
39:, Wyoming
2214:Federal
2123:Parkways
1848:Jurassic
1823:Fort Ord
1723:Newberry
1625:Tuzigoot
1375:El Morro
1360:Dinosaur
1340:Colorado
1275:Cabrillo
926:Archived
812:July 11,
806:Archived
779:July 11,
773:Archived
712:Archived
683:Archived
633:Archived
612:Archived
584:Archived
566:Archived
475:See also
347:Becharof
2218:of the
2078:Forests
1917:Other (
1645:Wupatki
846:NPR.org
738:nps.gov
483:of 1906
353:in the
303:Wyoming
237:Arizona
229:Wyoming
157:History
151:Wyoming
96:of the
76:In the
2143:Rivers
1530:Navajo
445:, and
391:, the
387:, the
282:, and
270:Alaska
185:added
126:, the
2118:Parks
1610:Tonto
686:(PDF)
679:(PDF)
636:(PDF)
629:(PDF)
214:ruins
84:is a
1940:Army
1936:USAF
1932:NOAA
1928:AFRH
1035:2022
1010:2022
985:2021
959:2020
952:NRDC
934:2018
853:2021
814:2015
781:2015
750:2018
720:2014
694:2014
644:2014
592:2014
456:and
429:for
370:Utah
349:and
341:and
205:The
80:, a
1923:DOE
1919:FWS
1129:".
1098:".
1087:".
1074:".
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368:in
301:in
268:in
235:in
227:in
189:to
149:in
92:by
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1938:,
1934:,
1930:,
1921:,
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987:.
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855:.
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752:.
722:.
696:.
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594:.
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20:)
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