1682:" Success ! Order of the king, to be made over to Samaka, the officer at Govadhana, In the name of the king Satakani Gotamiputa and of the king's queen mother whose son is living, Samaka, the officer at Govadhana, shall be addressed with the usual civility and then shall be told thus: " We have here on mount Tiranhu formerly given to the mendicant ascetics dwelling in the cave which is a pious gift of ours, a field in the village of Kakhadi; but this field is not tilled, nor is the village inhabited. Matters being so, that royal village of ours, which is now here on the limit of the town, from that field we give to the mendicant ascetics of Tiranhu one hundred -100 - nivartanas of land, and to that field we grant immunity, (making it) not to be entered (by royal officers), not to be touched (by any of them), not to be dug for salt, not to be interfered with by the district police, and (in short) to enjoy ail kinds of immunities; invest it with those immunities, and take care that the donation of the field and the immunities are duly registered." Verbally ordered ; the deed written down by Lota, the door-keeper; (the charter) executed by Sujivin in the year 24, in the 4th fortnight of the rainy season, on the fifth -5th- day. The donation had been made in the year 24, in the 2nd fortnight of summer, on the 10th day."
1052:
1569:
village of
Samalipada, .......by the Maha-Aryaka, you must deliver to be owned by the Bhikshus of the school of the Bhadayaniyas dwelling in the Queen's Cave, to produce a perpetual rent for the care of the cave meritoriously excavated; and to this village of Samalipada we grant the immunity belonging to monk's land, (making it) not to be entered (by royal officers), not to be touched (by any of them), not to be dug for salt, not to be interfered with by the district police, (in short) to enjoy all kinds of immunities. With all these immunities you must invest it; and this donation of the village of Samalipada and the immunities take care to have registered here at Sudasana. And by the (officers) entrusted with the abrogation of the (previous) donation of the Sudasana village it has been ordered. Written by the Mahdsendpati Medhnna ....., kept (?) by the ....... of deeds (?). The deed was delivered in the year 22, the 7th day of the . . fortnight of summer; executed by .... . (?). With a view for the well-being of the inhabitants of Govadhana, Vinhupala proclaims the praise of the Lord: Obeisance to the Being exalted in perfection and majesty, the excellent Jina, the Buddha."
2270:
1394:
2782:
838:
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2150:
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1185:
2456:
1639:, - two hundred - 200 - nivartanas, - that our field - two hundred - 200 - nivartanas - we confer on those Tekirasi ascetics; and to that field we grant immunity, (making it) not to be entered (by royal officers), not to be touched (by any of them), not to be dug for salt, not to be interfered with by the district police, and (in short) to enjoy all kinds of immunities; with those immunities invest it; and this field and these immunities take care to have registered here. Verbally ordered; written down by the officer Sivaguta; kept by the Mahasamiyas. The deed was delivered in the 18th year, on the 1st day of the 2nd fortnight of the rainy season; executed by Tapasa."
1225:
2806:
2652:
3187:
3843:
1762:
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1173:
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826:
1002:
732:
814:
708:
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802:
696:
1197:
978:
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720:
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962:
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1738:
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2616:
1716:, with bell-shaped capitals, surmounted by elephants with small drivers and female riders. There has also been a plain doorway and two grated windows leading into the cave, but only the heads of them remain. From the unusual height and the chisel marks in the lower part, apparently recent, it seems as if the floor of this cave had been cut away into a cistern below it. Indeed, when the cave ceased to be used as a monastery, from the breaking through of the floor into the water cistern below, the floor seems to have been quite hewn out to form a cistern. This seems to have been done in many cases here.
990:
3163:
2420:
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1072:
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82:
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858:
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1924:
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1237:
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50:
3711:
2332:, Dedapura, Govardhana and Sorparaga has given the shelter of quadrangular rest-houses, who has made wells, tanks, and gardens, who has out of charity established free ferries by boats on the Iba, Parada, Damana, Tapi, Karabena and Dahanuka, and erected on both banks of these rivers shelters for meeting and such for gratuitous distribution of water, who has given thirty-two-thousand stems of coconut trees at the village Nanamgola to the congregation of Charakas at Pimditakvada, Govardhana, Suvarnamukha and the Ramatirtha in Sorparaga,
3134:, 25 feet 4 inches by 10 feet, and 23 feet 3 inches high. The cylinder of the dagoba is 5.5 feet in diameter and 6 feet 3 inches high, surmounted by a small dome and very heavy capital. The gallery under the great arch of the window is supported by two pillars, which in all cases in the Chaitya caves are in such a form as strongly to suggest that a wooden frame was fastened between them, probably to hold a screen, which would effectually shut in the nave from observation from outside. Five octagonal pillars, with high bases of the
3507:
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2739:
capitals, the latter surmounted by elephants and their riders, and the frieze above carved with the plain "rail pattern". They stand on a paneled base; but the landing between the central pair is opposite the left window in the back wall of the veranda, to the right of which is the principal door, but to the left of the window is also a narrower one. The veranda has then been prolonged to the west, and another door broken out to the outside beyond the right attached pillar; at this end of the veranda also is an unfinished cell.
3897:
3439:
1272:
1051:
2730:. The shrine has never been finished. On the wall of the back aisle is a standing figure of Buddha, 3.5 feet high; in the left side of the hall, 2 feet 3 inches from the floor, is a recess, 18.5 feet long and 4 feet 3 inches high by 2 feet deep, intended for a seat or perhaps for a row of metallic images; a cell has been attempted at each end of this, but one of them has entered the aisle of the Chaitya-cave just below, and the work has then been stopped. On the right side are four cells without benches.
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57:
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549:
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33:
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3499:
3879:'s house, the lower part of which has all been quarried away. It probably consisted of a veranda with two small chambers at the back. The frieze is still pretty entire, and whilst preserving the copies of wooden forms, it is ornamented with a string of animal figures as in that of Cave 1; the ends of the projecting beams represented as bearing it, are carved with conventionalized forms of the Buddhist
3527:
discussing, is impossible to say. On the right-hand side, and nearer the front, are three small circular elevations in the floor much like ordinary millstones. They may be seats also for members of the clergy, or bases on which to set small moveable dagobas. But when the cave was altered and extended backward, the floor seems also to have been lowered a few inches to form the low dais and these bases.
584:
2871:
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1595:, builder of Cave No.10, thereby confirming the capture of territory by the Satavahanas over the Western Satraps. Since his mother made the final dedication of the cave during the reign of his son (inscription No.2 above), Gautamiputra Satakarni may have started the cave, but not finished it. The inscription is on the east wall of the veranda in Cave No. 3, under the ceiling.
3491:
3347:, 14 feet 3 inches square, with six cells, two on each side; their doors are surmounted by the Chaitya-arch ornament connected by a frieze of "rail pattern" in some places wavy. In the front wall are two lattice windows, and in the veranda two slender square pillars, the middle portion of the shaft being chamfered to an octagonal shape.
3106:, with which it consequently is in all probability coeval (1st century CE). The carving over the doorway, which represents the wooden framework which filled all openings, of a similar class, at that age, is of a much more ornamental character than usual, or than the others shown on this facade. Animals are introduced as in the
2269:
1443:
broad and long as the folds of the lord of serpents; whose fearless hand was wet by the water poured out to impart fearlessness; of unchecked obedience towards his mother; who properly devised time and place for the pursuit of the triple object (of human activity); who sympathised fully with the weal and woe of the citizens;
3561:(170-199 CE), stating that "after having been under excavation for many years " it was then carried to completion by the wife of the commander-in-chief. It is quite clear, however, that the inner and outer parts were excavated at widely different ages. This inscriptions shows, as the inscriptions of Yajna Sri Satakarni in
628:
in its representing a brilliant phase in the Rock-Cut architecture of the second century CE. There are altogether 24 excavations though many of these are small & less important. Beginning at the east end they may conveniently be numbered westward. They are almost entirely of an early date and were excavated by the
1421:, in the second -2nd- fortnight of summer, on the thirteenth -13th- day, the great queen Gotami Balasiri, delighting in truth, charity, patience and respect for life; bent on penance, self-control, restraint and abstinence; fully working out the type of a royal Rishi's wife; the mother of the king of kings, Siri-
3037:
Chaitya, although earlier and much smaller and simpler in design. It is the only
Chaitya cave of the group, belongs to a much earlier date; and though none of the three inscriptions on it supplies certain information on this point, yet the name of Maha Hakusiri, found in one of them, tends to push it
2747:
The cave is later than the
Chaitya next it, and the veranda a little later in style than the Nahapana Cave No.10. The interior with an image of the Buddha, was probably executed at a later date, around the 6th century CE. Fergusson states later in his book that, from an architectural standpoint, Cave
2717:
cave. The hall measures 22 feet 10 inches wide by 32 feet 2 inches deep, and has a back aisle screened off by two columns, of which the elephants and their riders and the thin square members of the capitals only are finished. The steps of the shrine door have also been left as a rough block, on which
3731:
Cave No.23 is a large, nondescript, irregular cave, about 30 feet deep, with three shrines. To judge from the holes in the floor and roof it might be supposed that the front and partitions in it had been of wood; the whole façade, however, is destroyed. In front are several cisterns; on the floor is
3553:
In the shrine, too, is the colossal image of Buddha, 10 feet high, seated with his feet on a lotus flower and holding the little finger of his left hand between the thumb and forefinger of his right. He is attended by two gigantic chauri-bearer with the same distinguishing features as the dvarapala.
897:
type of cave, meant to provide shelter to
Buddhist monks. It is, with cave No10, the largest Vihara cave in the Pandavleni Caves complex. The hall is 41 feet wide and 46 deep, with a bench round three sides. The cave has six pillars on the front porch, roughly similar to those of the early cave No10
627:
The group of 24 caves was cut in a long line on the north face of a hill called
Trirasmi. The main interest of this group lies not only in its bearing on its walls a number of inscriptions of great historical significance belonging to the reign of Satavahana & Kshaharatas or Kshatrapas. But also
619:. It seems there was always a conflict between Satavahanas and the Kshatrapas over supremacy. However, all the 3 kings fully supported Buddhism. The inscriptions also confirm that apart from the kings, local merchants, landlords too supported and donated huge sums for the development of these caves.
603:
The caves were called Pundru which in Pali language means "yellow ochre color". This is because the caves were the residence of
Buddhist monks who wore "the chivara or the yellow robes". Later on, the word Pundru changed to Pandu Caves (as per Ancient Monuments Act 26 May 1909). Decades later people
3952:
The caves are located high in the mountains of
Trirashmi. Some caves are intricately connected by stone-cut ladders that join them to the other caves. Steps lead to the caves from the bottom of the hill. The peak of the Trirashmi Caves is also accessible by trekking of about 20 mins but the path is
3579:
The façade has four octagonal pillars between antae, the shafts more slender than in any of the other caves, but the bases of the same pattern disproportionately large, as if the shafts had been reduced in thickness at a later date. They stand on a paneled base, with five low steps up to it between
2374:
Cave No.11 is close to Cave No.10, but at a somewhat higher level. In the left end of the veranda is the fragment of a seat; the room inside is 11 feet 7 inches by 7 feet 10 inches, having a cell, 6 feet 8 inches square, at the left end, and another, not quite so large, at the back, with a bench at
1502:
and grandmother of a
Maharaja, gives to the Sangha of monks in the person of the fraternity of the Bhadavaniyas; and for the sake of the embellishment of that cave, with a view to honour and please the great queen his grandmother, her grandson lord of patha, making over the merit of the gift to his
3526:
The hall is surrounded by a low bench as in Cave 3, and in the middle of the floor is a low platform, about 9 feet square, apparently intended for an asana or seat; but whether to place an image upon for worship, or as a "seat of the law", where the Thera or high priest might sit when teaching and
1442:
whose face was beautiful and pure like the lotas opened by the rays of the sun; whose chargers had drunk the water of three oceans; whose face was lovely and radiant like the orb of the full moon; whose gait was beautiful like the gait of a choice elephant; whose arms were as muscular and rounded,
1475:
and
Bhimasena; liberal on festive days in unceasing festivities and assemblies; not inferior in lustre to Nabhaga, Nahusha, Janamejaya, Sagara, Yayati, Rama and Ambartsha; who, vanquishing his enemies in a way as constant as inexhaustible, unthinkable and marvelous; in battles fought by the Wind,
599:
The caves can be traced back up to the 1st century BCE by inscriptions recording donations. Out of the twenty-four caves, two caves are a major attraction - the main cave which is the
Chaitya (prayer hall) has a beautiful Stupa; the second one is cave no. 10 which is complete in all structural as
3522:
Cave No.20 is another large Vihara, its hall varying in width from 37.5 feet at the front to 44 feet at the back and 61.5 feet deep. Originally it was little over 40 feet deep, but at a much later date it was altered and extended back by one "Marma, a worshipper," as recorded on the wall. It has
1568:
of that fraternity, the Bhadayaniyas dwelling in the Queen's Cave, to produce a perpetual rent for the care of the cave meritoriously excavated, - in exchange for this gift, -the village of Sudasana,- we give the village of Samalipada, here in the Govadhana district on the Eastern road; and this
1470:
who had inherited from a long line of ancestors the privilege of kingly music; the abode of traditional lore; the refuge of the virtuous; the asylum of Fortune; the fountain of good manners; the unique controller; the unique archer; the unique hero; the unique Brahmana; in prowess equal to Kama,
1090:
Cave No.10 by the shorter and less elegant form of the bell-shaped portion of them, and by the corners of the frame that encloses the torus having small figures attached; both alike have a series of five thin members, overlapping one another and supporting four animals on each capital, bullocks,
3580:
the middle pair. A low screen wall in front is nearly quite destroyed, except at the east end, where a passage led to a large irregular and apparently unfinished apartment with two plain octagonal pillars with square bases between pilasters in front, and having a water-cistern at the entrance.
1970:
The inside hall is about 43 feet wide by 45 feet deep, and is entered by three plain doors, and lighted by two windows. It has five benched cells on each side and six in the back; it wants, however, the bench round the inner sides that can be found in Cave No.3; but, as shown by the capital and
560:
These caves are some of the oldest in Maharashtra. Some of them are large and contain numerous chambers - these rock-cut caves served as a viharas or monasteries for the monks to meet and hear sermons. They contain interesting sculptures. One of the vihara caves is older and finer in sculptural
2738:
The veranda is somewhat peculiar, and it would seem that, at first, a much smaller cave was projected, or else by some mistake it was begun too far to the left. It is ascended by half a-dozen steps in front between the two central octagonal pillars with very short shafts, and large bases and
752:
Cave No.2 is a small excavation that may have been originally a verandah, 11.5 feet by 4.25 feet, with two cells at the back; but the front wall and dividing partition have been cut away, and the walls nearly covered with sculpture, consisting of sitting and standing Buddhas with attendant
1962:; the frieze also, like those that remain on the other small caves between Nos.4 and 9, is carved with the simple rail pattern. At each end of the verandah is a cell, donated by "Dakhamitra, the daughter of King Kshaharata Kshatrapa Nahapana, and wife of Ushavadata, son of Dinika."
1466:
race; who restored the glory of the Satavahana family; whose feet were saluted by all provinces; who stopped the contamination of the four varnas; who conquered multitudes of enemies in many battles; whose victorious banner was unvanquished; whose capital was unassailable to his
525:
Kings. Cave No 3 is a large vihara or monastery with some interesting sculptures. Cave No 10 is also a vihara and almost identical in design to Cave No 3, but is much older and finer in detail. It is thought to be nearly as old as the Karla Cave near Lonavala. Cave No 18 is a
764:
The verandah has apparently had two wooden pillars, and the projecting frieze is carved with the "rail pattern", much weather worn, and apparently very old. On the remaining fragment of the back wall of the verandah, close under the roof, is a fragment of an inscription of
3145:, or a screen as at Karle, cannot be determined with certainty, unless by excavating largely among the debris in front. There was probably something of the kind, but the Viharas, inserted so close to it on either side, must have hastened the ruin of the side walls of it.
476:
of the 1st century BCE. The style of some of the elaborate pillars or columns, for example in caves 3 and 10, is an important example of the development of the form. The location of the caves is a holy Buddhist site and is located about 8 km south of the centre of
1065:'s Cave 3 (right). The capitals of Cave No.3 are "much poorer in proportion", with a "shorter and less elegant form of the bell-shaped portion, and the corners of the frame that encloses the torus having small figures attached", pointing to a later period imitation.
3260:
The cave has several inscriptions. Inscription No.19 appears on the 5th and 6th pillars on the right aisle of the Chaitya, and explains that the cave received some perfecting by the wife of a government official, but the government in question remains unnamed:
3523:
eight cells on each side, one on the right rather a recess than a cell, two on the left with stone beds, while in the back are two cells to the left of the antechamber and one to the right, with one more on each side of the antechamber and entered from it.
689:, with four columns between pilasters in front of a narrow verandah, but they are all left square masses. A cell has been begun at each end of the verandah. The front wall has been more recently partly blasted away. There are no inscriptions in this cave.
3542:, that minor details are scarcely recognisable. These dvarapalas, however, hold lotus stalks, have the same elaborate head-dresses, with a small dagoba in the front of one, and a figure of Buddha in the other, and have the same attendants and
2349:
Thence I went to the Pokshara tanks, and there I bathed and gave three-thousand cows and a village. A field has also been given by him, bought at the hands of the Brahmana Asvibhuti, son of Varahi, for the price of four-thousand - 4,000 -
3887:, the prongs in one case being changed into cats or some similar animals; seated on the lower beam under the rock at the west end is carved an owl, and at each end of the ornamented "rail pattern" is a rider on a sort of female centaur.
1103:, with all the details of a wooden framing copied in it. The upper part of the frieze in this case is richly carved with a string course of animals under a richly carved rail, resembling in its design and elaborateness the rails at
3350:
The cave is exceedingly plain style, and the remarkable rectangularity of all its parts, agree perfectly with what might be expected in a Vihara of the first or second century BCE. Its close family likeness to Cave No.12 at
1560:, commands Sivakhandila, the officer at Govadhana: The village of Sudisana here in the Govadhana district on the Southern road, which by us, in the 19th year, on the 13th day of the 2nd fortnight of summer, , . . . . by the
793:
Between this and the next cave are a tank with two openings above it, a large scarped out place, and two decayed recesses, one of them a tank, and all along this space are blocks of rock blasted out, or fallen down from
1107:, with which this vihara must be nearly, if not quite contemporary. The pillars stand on a bench in the veranda, and in front of them is a carved screen, supported by three dwarfs on each side the steps to the entrance.
1071:
3412:
Cave No19 is located on the ground floor, to the left of the entrance of Cave No.18, and right under cave No.20. Cave No.19 has one inscription mentioning the dedication by a government officer during the rule of king
1462:; who never levied nor employed taxes but in conformity to justice; alien to hurting life even towards an offending enemy; the furtherer of the homesteads of the low as well as of the twice-born; who rooted out the
3754:
Among the many repetitions of Buddha and attendants is a small figure on the wall that cuts off the third shrine from the larger portion of the cave, of Buddha reclining on his right side as represented entering
600:
well inscriptions. Both the caves have pictures of Buddha over the rocks. The caves are facing eastwards. So it is recommended to visit the caves early morning as in sunlight the beauty of carvings is enhanced.
3342:
Cave 19 is at a rather lower level even than the Chaitya cave, and some distance in advance of it, but the front and interior have been so filled up with earth as to conceal it from general view. It is a small
1299:. There is also another long inscription (inscription No.3) by Sri Pulumavi himself, also in the 22nd year of his reign. There are also inscriptions (inscriptions No.4 and No.5) at the entrance of the cave by
2586:
Cave No.15 seems to be only the inner shrines of a two-storeyed cave, the whole front of which has disappeared, and the upper is only accessible by a ladder. Both have on each of their three walls a sitting
914:
gateways; the side pilasters are divided into six compartments, each filled mostly with two men and a woman, in different stages of some story which seems to end in the woman being carried off by one of the
3162:
2275:
Inscription No.10. of Ushavadata runs the length of the entrance wall, over the doors, and is here visible in parts between the pillars. The imprint was cut in 3 portions for convenience. Cave No.10, Nasik
3763:
temples, and of which larger representations are found at Ajanta, Kholvi, and Aurangabad. All these, and the female figures of Tara, Lochana, and Mamukhi found in the shrines, clearly show that this was a
1711:
Cave No.4 is much destroyed and full of water to a considerable depth. The frieze is at a very considerable height, and is carved with the "rail pattern". The veranda has had two octagonal pillars between
3265:"By Bhatapalika, the grand-daughter of Mahahakusiri and daughter of the royal officer Arahalaya from Chalisilana, wife of the royal officer Agiyatanaka, of the treasure office, mother of Kapananaka, this
2035:, explaining his viceroy built and donated the cave (see above in the article). This cave, from the reign of Nahapana is thus dated circa 120 CE. It is earlier than the other viharas of the reign of the
3450:
3042:. The carving, however, over the door and the pilasters with animal capitals on the façade on each side the great arch, and the insertion of the hooded snake, will, on comparison with the façades at
1439:, Anupa, Vidabha, Akaravanti; lord of the mountains Vindhya, Chhavata, Parichata, Sahya, Kanhagiri, Macha, Siritana, Malaya, Mahendra, Setagiri, Chakora; obeyed by the circle of all kings on earth;
530:
worship hall believed to be similar in date to the Karla Caves. It is well sculptured, and its elaborate facade is particularly noteworthy. The cave houses the statues of Buddha, Jain Tirthankara
2180:
donated 3000 gold coins for this cave as well as for the food and clothing of the monks. The main inscription on the doorfront (inscription No.10) is the earliest known instance of the usage of
3732:
a raised stone bench and a circular base as if for a small structural dagoba; and all the shrines as well as many compartments on the walls are filled with sculptures of the Buddha attended by
1488:, the Moon, the Son, the Asterisms and the Planets, (appeared to be himself) plunging into the sky from the shoulder of his choice elephant; (and) who (thus) raised his family to high fortune,
3606:. This means probably that the cave was carved during the beginning of the end of the 2nd century CE. It also shows that the Satavahanas reclaimed the area of Nasik under Sri Yajna Satakarni.
453:
word for caves), are a group of 23 caves carved between the 1st century BCE and the 3rd century CE, though additional sculptures were added up to about the 6th century, reflecting changes in
1798:. An inscription at Cave No.7 explains it is a gift by a female ascetic named Tapasini to the Samgha. Two inscriptions at Cave No.8 explain the cave is a gift by a fisherman name Mugudasa.
2354:, which (field) belonged to his father, on the boundary of the town towards the north-western side. From it food will be procured for all monks, without distinction, dwelling in my cave."
568:
The cave has images of Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, sculptures representing the King, farmers, merchants and rich iconography depicting a beautiful amalgamation of Indo - Greek architecture
2860:" inscription on the back wall of the veranda, over the entrance, is about 3 meters in length (photograph and rubbing). Detail of the word "Yo-ṇa-ka-sa" (adjectival form of "Yoṇaka",
545:. The interiors of the caves were popular meeting places for the disciples, where sermons were delivered. There are water tanks that have been skilfully carved out of the solid rock.
1916:
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3279:
This inscription is slightly less ancient than the inscription on the doorway, suggesting that it was inscribed some time in the later phases of the construction of the cave.
2781:
2685:
862:
565:. Another (cave No. 18) is a chaitya (type of cave used for chanting and meditation). It is similar in age to some of the Karla Caves and has a particularly elaborate facade.
3594:
Cave No.20 has one large inscription, claiming that the unfinished cave was completed by the wife of a great general named Bhavagopa, during the 7th year of the rule of king
3576:
Chaitya. Those of the sanctuary are represented, and belong to a widely distant age. Like No.17, it has a side door near the left end of the veranda, and a cell in that end.
3014:
2375:
the side and back. In the front room is carved, on the back wall, in low relief, a sitting figure and attendants on a lion throne, and on the right-end wall a fat figure of
3141:
The woodwork that once occupied the front arch, and the roof of the nave has long ago disappeared. Whether there ever were pillars in advance of the present facade as at
4394:
rule in the western Deccan during the 1st century." in Guide to Monuments of India 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu - by George Michell, Philip H. Davies, Viking - 1989 Page 374
3686:
1116:, while those in the veranda of this cave are so much poorer in proportion, that one is tempted to suppose this belongs to a later period, when art had begun to decay.
1635:, lord of Benakataka of Govadhana, commands Vinhupalita, the officer at Govadhana: The Ajakalakiya field in the village of Western Kakhadi, previously enjoyed by
2496:
for "a garment to the ascetic residing in it during the rains". To the left is a tank, and then for thirty yards everything has been blasted and quarried away.
3466:
3627:
3102:
The doorway is evidently of an early date, and the ornament up the left side is almost identical with that found on the pillars of the northern gateway at
1951:. The six pillars (two of them attached) have more elegant bell-shaped capitals than those in Cave No. 3, and their bases are in the style of those in the
1086:
The veranda has six octagonal columns without bases between highly sculptured pilasters. The capitals of these pillars are distinguished from those in the
3421:. King Krishna, also called Kanha, is said to have ruled in the 1st century BCE (100-70 BCE), which makes Cave No.19 one of the earliest to be excavated.
2595:
works. Beyond them, another fifty feet has been quarried away by blasting, which has been continued along the outer portion of the terrace of Cave No.17.
2187:
Usabhdatta’s wife (Nahapana’s daughter), Dakshmitra also donated one cave for the Buddhist monks. Cave 10 - 'Nahapana Vihara' is spacious with 16 rooms.
1109:
The details of this cave and No.10 are so alike that the one must be regarded as a copy of the other, but the capitals in No.10 are so like those of the
3086:, which, with its more ornate designs, may have been built about a century later, Only then appears Cave 18 at Nasik Caves, to be followed by Cave 7 at
2916:, a northerner from Dattamittri. By him, inspired by true religion, this cave has been caused to be excavated in mount Tiranhu, and inside the cave a
1527:
himself, in the 22nd year of his reign, and records the gift of a village for the welfare of the monks dwelling in the cave built by his grandmother.
1306:
One of the most important Nasik Caves inscription was made by Gautamiputra's mother the great queen Gotami Balasiri, during the reign of her grandson
1804:
1991:, by whom he was finally vanquished, this cave predates by one generation Cave No. 3, completed in the 18th year of the reign of Gautamiputra's son
667:
Since the caves were inhabited by the Mahayana as well as the Hinayana sects of Buddhism, one can see a nice confluence of structural and carvings.
81:
2390:
Cave No.11 has one inscription mentioning it is the gift of the son of a writer: " the benefaction of Ramanaka, the son of Sivamitra, the writer."
5826:
5056:
2194:" Success ! This cell, the gift of Dakhamitra, wife of Ushavadata, son of Dinika, and daughter of king Nahapana, the Khshaharata Kshatrapa."
1979:. Outside the veranda, too, on the left-hand side, have been two reliefs of this same god, evidently the later insertions of some Hindu devotee.
49:
961:
2492:
or hermitages, with one, two, and three cells respectively. The first has an inscription of a certain Hamanaka, mentioning an endowment of 100
2014:
building of Southern Asia. Cave No. 10 and the Karla Caves Chaitya are extremely similar in style, and thought to be essentially contemporary.
3768:
temple. The pillars in front of the entrance to the first shrine are also of a much more modern type than in any of the other caves in Nasik.
5851:
5556:
3983:
3214:
902:
circa 120 CE. Inside, 18 monk cells are laid out according to a square plan, seven on the right side, six in the back, and five in the left.
2639:
1657:, describes a correction to the previous inscription, as the donated lands and villages turned to be inappropriate. The inscription reads:
1393:
5831:
3543:
3539:
2805:
2407:
2591:
with the usual standing attendants, similar to what we find in Caves No.2 and 23, and in the later Ajanta Caves. These are, apparently,
2455:
4857:
4055:
3794:
420:
3932:
3920:
3818:
2324:, who causes one-hundred-thousand Brahmanas to be fed the (whole) year round, who has given eight wives to Brahmanas at the religious
5821:
4940:
4605:
2220:, son of Dinika, son-in- law of king Nahapana, the Kshaharata Kshatrapa, (...) inspired by (true) religion, in the Trirasmi hills at
4902:
2346:, and those Malayas fled at the mere roar (of my approaching) as it were, and were all made prisoners of the Uttamabhadra warriors.
1761:
3602:, after having been started by the ascetic Bopaki. There are similar inscriptions of Sri Yajna Satakarni in cave 3 and cave 81 at
1314:
of Gautamiputra Satakarni, mentioning his valour, his military victories, and then her gift of a cave in the Nasik Caves complex.
3303:
in cave No.19 (located on the upper sill of the right window). Also called the "Krishna inscription" from the King's name in the
2085:
1077:
Cave No.3 pillars (back view). They have no base, and "stand on a bench in the veranda, and in front of them is a carved screen".
4100:
1413:: 𑀲𑀓 𑀬𑀯𑀦 𑀧𑀮𑁆𑀳𑀯) mentioned in the Nasik cave 3 inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri (end of line 5 of the inscription).
5836:
5101:
3830:
1351:
race" and "restored the glory of the Satavahana family". The Khakharata refers to the Kshaharata dynasty, the family branch of
136:
3854:
3530:
The antechamber is slightly raised above the level of the hall, from which it is divided by two richly carved columns between
2713:
Cave 17 is the third large Vihara, though smaller than Nos.3, 10, 20, and has been executed close to the upper portion of the
5816:
5029:
5013:
4992:
4740:
3438:
3228:
1503:
father, grants to this meritorious donation (vis. the cave) the village Pisajipadaka on the south-west side of mount Tiranhu.
2553:
2529:
2443:
1879:
1317:
The most important passages on this inscription related to the military victories of Gautamiputra Satakarni, in particular:
837:
5861:
3286:("The gift of the village of Dhambhika, of the Nasik people"). Inscription No.21 records the donation of the rail pattern.
3168:
Exterior of cave No.18. Cave No.17 is visible on the right, cave No.20 on the left, and a corner of cave No,19 bottom left.
877:
caves complex. It was built and dedicated to the Samgha in the 2nd century CE by Queen Gotami Balasiri, mother of deceased
571:
The site has an excellent ancient water management system and skillfully chiseled out of solid rock are several attractive
3138:
pattern but without capitals, on each side the nave, and five without bases round the dagoba, divide off the side aisles.
5856:
5049:
3842:
2908:) Dharmadeva. It is located on the back wall of the veranda, over the main entrance, and is inscribed in large letters:
2541:
5841:
4802:
3740:
such as has only been seen in the two shrines high up on the scarp at Caves No.14 and 15, but so like what is found at
3062:
under royal sponsorship. It is thought that the chronology of these early Chaitya Caves is as follows: first Cave 9 at
2475:
Cave No.12 has one inscription mentioning it is the gift of a merchant named Ramanaka. Cave No.13 has no inscriptions.
1172:
4366:
World Heritage Monuments and Related Edifices in India, Volume 1 ʻAlī Jāvīd, Tabassum Javeed, Algora Publishing, 2008
1184:
5549:
4677:
4541:
4514:
4418:
2517:
2335:
inspired by (true) religion, in the Trirasmi hills at Govardhana, has caused this cave to be made and these cisterns.
1749:
1737:
1224:
1016:
937:, it will be found very much ruder and less bold, but the style of headdress agrees with that on the screen walls at
4378:
Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums, by George Michell, Roli Books Private Limited, 1 mai 2013
801:
695:
685:
Cave No.1: except the ornamental frieze over the front, no part of this cave is finished; it has been planned for a
640:
Inscriptions in caves 3, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19 and 20 are legible. Other inscriptions note the names Bhattapalika,
5801:
5671:
3908:
2419:
1001:
3186:
2565:
2431:
1210:
813:
707:
2752:, but is actually a bit earlier in style than Cave No.10 of Nahapana at Nasik, but at no great interval of time.
2132:
3806:
3710:
3329:"Under King Kanha of the Satavahana family this cave has been caused to be made by the officer in charge of the
3198:
1725:
1498:, (this) cave to be made quite equal to the divine mansions (there). And that cave the great queen, mother of a
977:
5846:
5727:
5042:
4975:
4961:
4647:
4410:
Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the Other Indo-Aryan Languages
825:
413:
2505:
2149:
1867:
1855:
1196:
1160:
731:
5811:
5182:
3538:, 9.5 feet high, with an attendant female, but so besmeared with soot for the cave has been long occupied by
933:, or doorkeeper, holding up a bunch of flowers. If the carving on this door be compared with any of those at
2793:
1891:
719:
5806:
5542:
3378:𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀓𑀼𑀮𑁂 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀳𑁂 𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀺𑀦𑀺 𑀦𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁂𑀦 𑀲𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑀮𑁂𑀡 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀢
632:
sect. Mostly, the interior of the caves are starkly plain, in contrast to the heavily ornamented exterior.
458:
4584:
3651:
989:
3615:
2832:
1236:
3282:
Inscription No.20 explains that the decoration above the doorway was a donation of the people of nearby
1583:
The next inscription of the cave is very important in that it seems to record the appropriation by king
4259:
3639:
3414:
3367:
3300:
2820:
2239:, son of Dinika, son-in- law of king Nahapana, the Kshaharata Kshatrapa, has bestowed this cave on the
2073:
1624:
The two inscriptions of Gautamiputra Satakarni, written one after another. Cave No.3, Inscription No.4.
307:
2615:
2061:
5091:
3456:
A halk-flower medallions design on a pillar of Cave No.19, typical of early designs such as those of
406:
292:
2852:
2651:
2108:
1385:
521:
These are a group of twenty-four Hinayana Buddhist caves whose excavation was financed by the local
5770:
5518:
5513:
4078:
3130:
The interior measures 38 feet 10 inches by 21 feet 7 inches, and the nave, from the door up to the
2920:
and cisterns. This cave made for the sake of his father and mother has been, in order to honor all
2627:
1248:
645:
4941:
https://web.archive.org/web/20130926230100/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_pandulenacaves.asp
3608:
One more inscription over one of the small cellars mentions its gift by a lay devotee named Mamma.
5065:
3896:
2049:
1418:
1307:
1276:
254:
4723:
4698:
4491:
4470:
4458:
4446:
4434:
4355:
4338:
4287:
4275:
4243:
4231:
4214:
4126:
3174:
2896:
Cave No.17 has one inscription, mentioning the gift of the cave by Indragnidatta the son of the
3599:
3114:
and shield emblems, in a very ornamental form, but almost identical with those existing in the
3058:
Chaitya No. 18 participates to a chronology of several other Chaitya caves which were built in
1988:
1632:
1584:
1422:
1300:
1292:
1062:
882:
462:
4982:
4818:
4667:
4621:
4311:
3572:
The pillars of the veranda have the water-pot bases, and the bell-shaped capitals of those in
3554:
All this points to about the 7th century CE or later, as the age of alteration of this cave.
3240:
1519:
The next inscription is located right under the inscription of the Queen, only separated by a
5755:
5003:
4792:
4531:
4504:
4408:
4379:
4367:
1828:
641:
4637:
4127:"Pandavleni Caves - Pandavleni Caves Nashik, Pandu Lena Caves, Pandu Lena Maharashtra India"
3771:
Cave No.23 has one inscription recording the building of the cave in year 2 of the reign of
2156:
Chaitya pillars (left) compared to Pandavleni Caves Cave No10 pillars (right), all built by
1653:
A final inscription, written as a continuation of the previous one, and only separated by a
5106:
607:
The various inscriptions confirm that Nashik in that period was ruled by 3 dynasties – the
457:
devotional practices. The Buddhist sculptures are a significant group of early examples of
4603:
4140:
2603:
1139:. This suggest that the two viharas cannot be very distant in date from the two Chaityas.
8:
5643:
5247:
5187:
4761:
3595:
3558:
3531:
3511:
2967:", which was the current Greek Hellenistic form, is used in the inscription, instead of "
2769:
2137:
1947:
Cave No. 10 is the second largest Vihara, and contains six inscriptions of the family of
1923:
1713:
1363:
The full inscription, located on the back wall of the veranda above the entrance, reads:
181:
172:
4906:
4889:
4876:
4843:
4778:
4570:
4201:
3889:
Cave No.24 has one inscription recording the gift of the cave by a writer named Vudhika.
3698:
2204:
Two inscriptions in Cave 10 mentions the building and the gift of the whole cave to the
1620:
1275:
Cave No.3 was completed and dedicated to the Samgha during the reign of Satavahana king
945:, and in the paintings in Cave X at Ajanta, which probably belong to about the same age.
542:
5459:
5204:
2692:
Cave No.17 was built by a devotee of Greek descent, who presents his father as being a
1816:
531:
1494:
caused, as a pious gift, on the top of the Tiranhu mountain similar to the top of the
5760:
5597:
5388:
5343:
5338:
5209:
5009:
4988:
4984:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
4971:
4957:
4798:
4673:
4643:
4537:
4510:
4414:
4104:
2947:
2325:
2317:
1975:
in low relief on the back wall, which has been long afterwards hewn into a figure of
857:
608:
377:
367:
357:
3506:
604:
started calling it Pandav Caves - a misnomer which is used for every cave in India.
5699:
5666:
5615:
5449:
5308:
5192:
5159:
4008:
3741:
3547:
3426:
2376:
1911:
1564:
of Dhanamkata who here on mount Tiranhu ......, has been given to be owned by the
1310:, in order to record the gift of Cave No3. The full inscription consists in a long
910:
The central door into this vihara is rudely sculptured in a style that reminds the
450:
1124:
The architecture of the Nahapana cave (Cave No.10) is very similar to that of the
5709:
5676:
5579:
5444:
5348:
5328:
5154:
5126:
5096:
4609:
3566:
3565:
caves, that the Satavahanas had reclaimed the area of Kanheri and Nasik from the
2309:
2169:
2028:
1931:
1463:
1398:
1356:
1348:
1334:
1291:(2nd century CE), explaining that Queen Gotami Balasiri, mother of glorious king
649:
572:
362:
277:
1271:
5765:
5658:
5571:
5490:
5454:
5378:
5303:
5262:
5144:
5073:
4755:
4013:
3782:
3515:
3063:
2955:
2901:
2221:
1406:
1342:
538:
2977:
The Yavanas are also known for their donations with inscriptions at the Great
5795:
5750:
5485:
5464:
5428:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5368:
5275:
5252:
5197:
5121:
3998:
3388:
family, this cave has been caused to be made by the officer in charge of the
3308:
3079:
3059:
3039:
2986:
2939:
2889:
2697:
2339:
2291:
1928:
1794:
Cave No.6 has an inscription, mentioning its dedication by a merchant to the
1636:
1592:
1410:
312:
282:
151:
138:
4968:
The Penguin Guide to the Monuments of India, Volume 1: Buddhist, Jain, Hindu
3692:
Exterior of caves No.21 and 22 (with pillars of Cave N.20 in the forefront).
3514:(170-199 CE), in the 7th year of the reign of which the cave was completed.
3294:
2316:
who has given three-hundred-thousand cows, who has made .gifts of money and
852:
5775:
5694:
5625:
5403:
5333:
5313:
5298:
5224:
5149:
5116:
3970:
3772:
3749:
3745:
3352:
3115:
3083:
3071:
2865:
2040:
1992:
1557:
1538:
1524:
1374:
1288:
1147:
1132:. Conversely, the architecture of Cave No.3 is very similar to that of the
934:
780:
770:
616:
392:
302:
272:
3481:
1303:(2nd century), in the 18th year of his reign, who claims a great victory.
5732:
5704:
5686:
5620:
5523:
5495:
5393:
5358:
5353:
5323:
5318:
5290:
5219:
5177:
5086:
4003:
3993:
3988:
3573:
3418:
3374:, which is the oldest known Satavahana inscription, dated to 100-70 BCE:
3371:
3356:
3135:
3107:
3091:
3087:
3067:
3047:
3034:
2982:
2972:
2885:
2749:
2153:
2007:
1952:
1402:
1338:
1125:
1110:
938:
510:
502:
498:
494:
482:
342:
120:
5034:
3021:
1906:
1674:
1612:
1548:
5742:
5398:
5373:
5363:
5270:
5214:
5111:
4391:
3472:
Plan and inside elevation of cave No.19, "Krishna vihara" (100-70 BCE).
3385:
3075:
2905:
2675:
2493:
2351:
2298:
2236:
2217:
2209:
2177:
2157:
2142:
2036:
1996:
1447:
1432:
1284:
1096:
918:
878:
874:
766:
661:
653:
612:
535:
506:
489:
name sometimes given to the Trirashmi Caves has nothing to do with the
382:
211:
5534:
4817:
Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History by Susan E. Alcock
3381:
Sādavāhanakule Kanhe rājini Nāsikakena Samaṇena mahāmāteṇa leṇa kārita
3074:, around the 1st century BCE. Then, in chronological order: Cave 3 at
2383:
on an elephant: all are small, clumsily carved, and evidently of late
5780:
5635:
5505:
5423:
5280:
5234:
4794:
The Buddhist Caves at Aurangabad: Transformations in Art and Religion
4316:
3760:
3737:
3733:
3535:
3307:. This is the oldest known Satavahana inscription, circa 100-70 BCE.
3289:
2943:
2321:
2320:
on the river Barnasa, who has given sixteen villages to the gods and
2190:
Over the doorway of the left cell appears the following inscription:
2006:
Nahapana is also known for his association with the Great Chaitya in
1202:
1023:
1008:
930:
347:
322:
249:
206:
1995:. Cave No.10 is probably contemporary with Cave No. 17, built by an
5480:
5081:
3765:
2958:
2875:
2592:
2306:
2302:
2287:
2181:
2173:
2161:
2032:
1976:
1948:
1935:
1678:
Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Cave No.3, Inscription No.5.
1654:
1616:
Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Cave No.3, Inscription No.4.
1588:
1523:
and another symbol. The inscription (inscription No.3) was made by
1520:
1499:
1459:
1436:
1352:
1330:
1104:
1087:
1058:
899:
758:
629:
562:
490:
454:
387:
352:
244:
1484:, the Rakshasas, the Vidyadharas, the Bhutas, the Gandharvas, the
1378:(back wall of the veranda, above the left window of the entrance)
5607:
5169:
3880:
3876:
3756:
3752:, that there can be no hesitation in ascribing it to a late age.
3603:
3562:
3389:
3360:
3330:
3304:
3266:
3111:
3030:
2998:
2978:
2917:
2787:
Entrance. The inscription is visible, in part, over the entrance.
2714:
2489:
2384:
2343:
2329:
2011:
1955:
1565:
1561:
1495:
1481:
1455:
1326:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1113:
942:
777:"Success! On the ..... day of the fifth -5th- fortnight of summer
561:
detail and is thought to be nearly as old as the Karla Cave near
553:
548:
527:
473:
469:
332:
327:
317:
297:
287:
221:
216:
4888:
The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co
4875:
The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co
4842:
The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co
4777:
The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co
4728:
4569:
The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co
4200:
The cave temples of India, Fergusson, James, W.H. Allen &Co
3486:
3090:, and finally by the "final perfection" of the Great Chaitya at
3009:
2680:
2099:
1631:" Success! From the camp of victory of the Vejayanti army, Siri-
1435:, mount Mandara; king of Asika, Asaka, Mulaka, Suratha, Kukura,
591:
32:
5719:
5648:
5472:
5436:
5242:
4956:, 2nd edn. 1994, Yale University Press Pelican History of Art,
3978:
3884:
3498:
3457:
3344:
3283:
3119:
3103:
2990:
2968:
2964:
2951:
2925:
2921:
2913:
2897:
2861:
2857:
2693:
2588:
2360:
Inscription of Ushavadata, Nasik Cave No.10, inscription No.10.
2240:
2205:
2115:
2000:
1959:
1795:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1311:
1296:
1255:
1100:
1092:
968:
926:
911:
894:
757:-bearers, in some cases unfinished. These are the additions of
754:
686:
657:
478:
372:
239:
191:
116:
3013:
Cave No.18, the corner of cave No.17 is visible on the right.
2912:"Success! (The gift) of Indragnidatta, son of Dhammadeva, the
1810:
From right to left, cave No.6, cave no.7, cave No.8, cave No.9
583:
5589:
5136:
3334:
3314:𑀲𑀸𑀤𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀦𑀓𑀼𑀮𑁂 𑀓𑀦𑁆𑀳𑁂 𑀭𑀸𑀚𑀺𑀦𑀺 𑀦𑀸𑀲𑀺𑀓𑁂𑀦
3205:
3142:
3131:
3043:
2727:
2719:
2380:
1972:
1451:
1373:
Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.2, 19th year of the reign of
1322:
1095:, etc..., between the front and back pairs of which runs the
922:
870:
124:
4310:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India Upinder Singh
2870:
2338:
And by order of the lord I went to release the chief of the
1687:
Nasik Caves inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Cave No.3
1644:
Nasik Caves inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, Cave No.3
1283:
One long inscription (inscription No.2) in the 19th year of
873:
is one of the most important caves, and the largest, of the
445:
being the name of the hills in which the caves are located,
4620:
The Greeks in Bactria and India by William Woodthorpe Tarn
3546:
flying over head as we find in the later Buddhist caves at
3122:, which is probably of about the same age as this Chaitya.
2880:
2488:
This is a group of chambers, probably the remains of three
1510:
Nasik Caves inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri, Cave No.3
522:
2248:
Part of inscription No.12 of Ushavadata, Cave No.10, Nasik
2229:
Part of inscription No.10 of Ushavadata, Cave No.10, Nasik
2168:
The inscriptions of cave no.10 reveal that in 105-106 CE,
3363:, all of the earliest age, suggest about the same date.
3269:
has been caused to be perfected on this mount Tiranhu."
595:
Additional caves under the visitor's path at Pandavleni.
5001:
4322:
4056:"In Nashik's Buddhist caves complex, a chance new find"
3557:
Fortunately there is an inscription of the 7th year of
2235:"Success ! In the year 42, in the month Vesakha,
2224:, has caused this cave to be made and these cisterns."
2369:
1971:
ornaments still left, it has had a precisely similar
1417:"Success! In the nineteenth -19th- year of king Siri-
1321:
the claim that Gautamiputra Satakarni "destroyed the
587:
Part of the caves (Caves No.6 to No.8) at Pandavleni.
4739:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFCarla_M._Sinopoli2001 (
4292:
3960:
2342:, who had been besieged for the rainy season by the
1389:
Full inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri (rubbing).
1347:
the claim that Gautamitra Satakarni "rooted out the
4954:
The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent
2748:No.17 is contemporary with the Great Chatya at the
2184:, although a rather hybrid form, in western India.
635:
1574:Nasik Caves inscription of Sri-Pulumavi, Cave No.3
1431:who was in strength equal to mount Himavat, mount
1295:, caused this cave to be built and gave it to the
4734:
2498:There are no inscriptions in the other two caves.
2257:Inscription of Ushavadata, son-in-law of Nahapana
5793:
5030:Official (Government) website of Nashik District
4871:
4869:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4773:
4771:
4582:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4413:. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 88–89.
4196:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4178:
2413:Caves 11 (forefront with stairs) to 14, exterior
885:, and contains numerous important inscriptions.
861:Cave No.3 "Gautamiputra vihara" (circa 150 CE).
4176:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4158:
3681:These two small caves do not have inscriptions
3670:
3582:
3534:. On either side the shrine door is a gigantic
3401:
3147:
3050:, tend to suggest an early date for this cave.
2754:
2477:
2392:
2252:
2172:defeated the Satavahanas after which Kshatrapa
2016:
1700:
1659:
1597:
1529:
1505:Renunciation to the enjoyments of every kind."
1365:
1141:
948:
853:Cave No.3, "Gautamiputra vihara" (circa 150 CE)
674:
4390:"This hall is assigned to the brief period of
4041:
4039:
4037:
3406:Cave No.19, "Krishna vihara", circa 100-70 BCE
2971:", which was the Indian word to designate the
2928:by monks together with his son Dhammarakhita."
1664:Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, year 24
1602:Inscription of Gautamiputra Satakarni, year 18
1446:who crushed down the pride and conceit of the
1038:
5550:
5050:
4882:
4866:
4823:
4768:
4598:
4596:
4550:
3633:Interior reliefs with Buddha and Bodhisattvas
3482:Cave No.20: "Sri Yajna vihara" (circa 180 CE)
3318:𑀲𑀫𑀡𑁂𑀦 𑀫𑀳𑀸𑀫𑀸𑀢𑁂𑀡 𑀮𑁂𑀡 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀢
2938:The city of "Dattamittri" may be the city of
1915:Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara" (circa 120 CE).
1552:Inscription of Sri-Pulumavi, Nasik cave No.3.
414:
37:Nasik Caves, Cave No. 17, built circa 120 CE.
4155:
3587:Cave No.20 "Sri Yajna vihara" (circa 180 CE)
3444:Cave No.19 is located right under Cave No.20
2684:Cave No.17, "Yavana vihara" (circa 120 CE).
1537:Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.3 (reign of
4034:
2996:
2021:Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara", circa 120 CE
1907:Cave No.10 "Nahapana Vihara" (circa 120 CE)
1146:Cave No.3, "Gautamiputra Vihara" (reign of
5557:
5543:
5057:
5043:
4790:
4631:
4629:
4593:
4536:. Asian Educational Services. p. 60.
4529:
4333:
4331:
2676:Cave No.17, "Yavana vihara" (circa 120 CE)
2212:, the son-in-law and viceroy of Nahapana:
2043:, who is posterior to him by a generation.
1958:, and in that next to the Granesa Lena at
761:Buddhists of the sixth or seventh century.
421:
407:
31:
5064:
4661:
4659:
4639:Ajanta: Painting, sculpture, architecture
4583:Fergusson, James; Burgess, James (1880).
4576:
3569:during the reign of Sri Yajna Satakarni.
2954:is probably contemporary to the reign of
2759:Cave No.17, "Yavana Vihara", circa 120 CE
2141:Inscription No.11 by Dakhamitra, wife of
929:, with worshipers, and at each side is a
917:Over the door are the three symbols, the
4718:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4589:. London : Allen. pp. 348–360.
4502:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4257:
4226:
4224:
4222:
3867:
3723:
3673:
3585:
3505:
3497:
3485:
3404:
3293:
3290:Cave No.19 "Krishna vihara" (100-70 BCE)
3150:
3038:back to some period about or before the
3020:
3008:
2851:
2757:
2679:
2669:There are no inscriptions in this cave.
2661:
2597:There are no inscriptions in this cave.
2578:
2480:
2395:
2255:
2148:
2136:
2019:
1922:
1910:
1841:
1786:
1782:There are no inscriptions in this cave.
1774:
1703:
1673:
1662:
1619:
1611:
1600:
1547:
1532:
1392:
1384:
1368:
1270:
1144:
1041:
951:
856:
744:
677:
590:
582:
547:
5564:
4855:
4626:
4406:
4328:
4253:
4251:
2511:Caves 12, 13 and Cave 14 (extreme left)
2286:Full text of inscription No.10 (hybrid
2027:Several inscriptions from the reign of
1849:There are no inscriptions in this cave.
1718:There are no inscriptions in this cave.
1556:" Success ! The lord of Navanara,
5827:Tourist attractions in Nashik district
5794:
4928:Maharashtratil Buddha Dhammacha Itihas
4859:Archaeological Survey Of Western India
4811:
4656:
4533:Some Aspects of Ancient Indian Culture
3322:Sādavāhanakule Kanhe rājini Nāsikakena
2700:. The cave is dated to around 120 CE.
5538:
5038:
4980:
4703:
4686:
4635:
4509:. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 20.
4475:
4402:
4400:
4343:
4298:
4236:
4219:
3366:The cave has one inscription of king
3234:Panorama, looking towards the outside
1987:Since Nahapana was a contemporary of
1057:Comparison of the pillar capitals of
622:
5852:Caves containing pictograms in India
4248:
2260:Nasik Cave No.10, inscription No.10
1370:Inscription of Queen Gotami Balasiri
552:Panorama from the caves, during the
5005:Some Early Dynasties of South India
4925:Inscriptions on Cave 10, 13, 15, 16
4753:
4360:
2811:Standing Buddha (a later addition).
2379:on a tiger with attendants, and an
2301:, Dinika's son, son-in-law of king
88:
56:
13:
5832:Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India
4665:
4397:
3860:Reclining Buddha and other reliefs
1667:Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.5
1605:Nasik Cave No.3, inscription No.4
656:and his wife Dakshamitra, and the
497:epic. Other caves in the area are
14:
5873:
5023:
3666:
3255:
2470:
2199:Inscription No.11, Cave 10, Nasik
2126:
952:Cave No.3, Entrance gate details
5822:Former populated places in India
5672:Gopachal rock cut Jain monuments
5002:Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya (1974).
4503:Banerjee, Gauranga Nath (2012).
3963:
3931:
3919:
3907:
3895:
3853:
3841:
3829:
3817:
3805:
3793:
3781:
3709:
3697:
3685:
3650:
3638:
3626:
3614:
3465:
3449:
3437:
3425:
3239:
3227:
3213:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3161:
2933:Inscription No.18, in Cave No,17
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2831:
2819:
2804:
2792:
2780:
2768:
2650:
2638:
2626:
2614:
2602:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2454:
2442:
2430:
2418:
2406:
2268:
2176:’s son-in-law and Dinika’s son-
2107:
2098:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2048:
1890:
1878:
1866:
1854:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1333:", alluding respectively to the
1247:
1235:
1223:
1209:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1070:
1050:
1015:
1000:
988:
976:
960:
836:
824:
812:
800:
779:in the sixth -6th- year of king
730:
718:
706:
694:
670:
636:The caves and their inscriptions
190:
87:
80:
55:
48:
4895:
4849:
4784:
4747:
4614:
4602:Archaeological survey of India
4523:
4496:
4463:
4451:
4439:
4427:
4384:
4372:
4304:
4280:
4268:
4207:
3326:Samaṇena mahāmāteṇa leṇa kārita
2133:Nasik inscription of Ushavadata
1696:
1266:
967:General layout, reminding of a
648:of the Satavahanas, two of the
16:Ancient Buddhist caves in India
5728:Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves
4133:
4119:
4093:
4071:
4062:
4048:
4025:
3220:Pillars with inscription No.19
2847:
1938:built Cave No.10 circa 120 CE.
1587:of a land previously owned by
472:except for Cave 18 which is a
1:
5837:Buddhist monasteries in India
5183:Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups
4019:
3274:Inscription No.19, Cave No.18
3004:
2703:
1942:
1767:Cave 4, view from the inside.
5817:Indian rock-cut architecture
4323:Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya 1974
461:initially representing the
459:Indian rock-cut architecture
7:
5862:3rd-century BC Jain temples
4987:. Pearson Education India.
3956:
3953:treacherous and dangerous.
1534:Inscription of Sri-Pulumavi
1120:Comparison with other sites
888:
788:Cave No.2, inscription No.1
10:
5878:
5857:Jain rock-cut architecture
5349:Ghorawadi/Shelarwadi Caves
4946:
4506:Hellenism in Ancient India
3033:design, comparable to the
2924:bestowed on the universal
2696:from the northern city of
2645:Seated and Teaching Buddha
2571:Cave 14, interior panorama
2130:
1099:, supporting a projecting
578:
5842:Buddhist temples in India
5741:
5718:
5685:
5657:
5634:
5606:
5588:
5570:
5504:
5289:
5261:
5233:
5168:
5135:
5072:
4672:. Grafikol. p. 108.
4636:Spink, Walter M. (2005).
4608:26 September 2013 at the
4586:The cave temples of India
4407:Salomon, Richard (1998).
3947:
3759:, much as he is found in
3397:Inscription of Cave No.19
3384:"Under King Kanha of the
2449:Cave 11, Relief of Ambika
1558:Siri-Pulumavi Vasithiputa
130:
112:
42:
30:
23:
5771:Tirumalai (Jain complex)
5700:Nashik Caves/Pandav Leni
5519:Hathiagor Buddhist Caves
5514:Binnayaga Buddhist Caves
5455:Kondivite/Mahakali Caves
4791:Brancaccio, Pia (2010).
4469:Epigraphia Indica Vol.2
3938:Buddhas and Bodhisattvas
3926:Buddhas and Bodhisattvas
3824:Buddhas and Bodhisattvas
3800:Pillars and Bodhisattvas
2461:Cave 11, Relief of Indra
2370:Caves No.11, "Jain cave"
898:built by the viceroy of
646:Vashishthiputra Pulumavi
534:, and icons of the Jain
516:
5802:Buddhist caves in India
5339:Mahad/Gandharpale Caves
5008:. Motilal Banarsidass.
4981:Singh, Upinder (2008).
4970:, 1989, Penguin Books,
4757:Epigraphia Indica Vol 8
4261:Epigraphia Indica Vol.8
3716:Entrance of Cave No. 22
2535:Cave 14, Buddha sitting
1885:Cave 9, looking outward
1308:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi
1277:Vasishthiputra Pulumavi
103:Show map of Maharashtra
5384:Nasik/Pandavleni Caves
4735:Carla M. Sinopoli 2001
4724:p.93 Inscription No.22
4666:Le, Huu Phuoc (2010).
3875:Cave No.24 is a small
3675:Caves No.21 and No. 22
3519:
3503:
3495:
3400:
3339:
3277:
3066:, then Cave 12 at the
3026:
3018:
2936:
2893:
2726:, or receptacle for a
2689:
2363:
2251:
2232:
2202:
2165:
2146:
1989:Gautamiputra Satakarni
1939:
1920:
1755:Cave 4, pillar capital
1743:Cave 4, pillar capital
1690:
1679:
1647:
1625:
1617:
1585:Gautamiputra Satakarni
1577:
1553:
1513:
1414:
1390:
1301:Gautamiputra Satakarni
1280:
1061:'s Cave 10 (left) and
883:Gautamiputra Satakarni
866:
791:
596:
588:
557:
468:Most of the caves are
463:Early Buddhist schools
5847:Architecture in India
5756:Kalugumalai Jain Beds
5112:Pandavula Metta Caves
5066:Indian Buddhist caves
4856:Burgess, Jas (1883).
4797:. BRILL. p. 61.
4669:Buddhist Architecture
4258:Hultzsch, E. (1906).
3509:
3501:
3489:
3376:
3297:
3263:
3024:
3012:
2910:
2855:
2683:
2559:Cave 14, Bodhisattvas
2547:Cave 14, Bodhisattvas
2437:Cave 11, Jain reliefs
2425:Cave 11, Jain reliefs
2284:
2233:
2214:
2192:
2152:
2140:
2091:Chaitya and Umbrellas
1926:
1914:
1677:
1672:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1551:
1546:
1419:Pulumayi Vasithiputra
1396:
1388:
1383:
1274:
1042:Pillars of cave No.3
860:
783:, son of Vasithi...."
775:
642:Gautamiputra Satkarni
594:
586:
551:
234:Four Additional Sites
5812:Caves of Maharashtra
5414:Nadsur/Thanale Caves
5107:Kotturu Dhanadibbalu
4892:(Public domain text)
4879:(Public domain text)
4846:(Public domain text)
4781:(Public domain text)
4642:. BRILL. p. 1.
4573:(Public domain text)
4204:(Public domain text)
3812:Buddha inside shrine
3299:Inscription of king
2328:of Prabhasa, who at
1450:; who destroyed the
493:, characters in the
5807:Jain caves in India
5644:Badami cave temples
5565:Jain Caves in India
5248:Badami cave temples
5188:Khapra Kodiya Caves
4934:Leni Maharashtrachi
4530:Bhandarkar (1989).
3596:Sri Yajna Satakarni
3559:Yajna Sri Satakarni
3512:Yajna Sri Satakarni
3180:Entrance of cave 18
3152:Cave No.18, Chaitya
3025:Cave No.18 doorway.
1633:Sadakani Gotamiputa
1480:, the Siddbas, the
1423:Satakani Gotamiputa
1091:elephants, horses,
201:The Four Main Sites
183:Buddha's Holy Sites
152:19.9412°N 73.7486°E
148: /
5460:Mandapeshwar Caves
5205:Kadia Dungar Caves
4903:"Pandavleni Caves"
4722:Epigraphia Indica
4697:Epigraphia Indica
4490:Epigraphia Indica
4457:Epigraphia Indica
4445:Epigraphia Indica
4433:Epigraphia Indica
4354:Epigraphia Indica
4337:Epigraphia Indica
4286:Epigraphia Indica
4274:Epigraphia Indica
4242:Epigraphia Indica
4230:Epigraphia Indica
4213:Epigraphia Indica
4141:"Pandavleni Caves"
4079:"Pandavleni Caves"
3520:
3504:
3496:
3340:
3110:. So also are the
3027:
3019:
2894:
2690:
2523:Caves 14, exterior
2166:
2147:
1940:
1921:
1680:
1626:
1618:
1554:
1415:
1391:
1281:
867:
773:(2nd century CE):
623:Layout and content
609:Western Kshatrapas
597:
589:
558:
5789:
5788:
5761:Sittanavasal Cave
5598:Son Bhandar Caves
5532:
5531:
5389:Panhalakaji Caves
5344:Ghatotkacha Caves
5210:Khambhalida Caves
5015:978-81-208-2941-1
4994:978-81-317-1120-0
4966:Michell, George,
4909:on 7 January 2009
3945:
3944:
3848:Meditating Buddha
3664:
3663:
3479:
3478:
3253:
3252:
2997:Cave No. 18: the
2948:Isidore of Charax
2845:
2844:
2838:Interior panorama
2673:
2672:
2609:Interior panorama
2482:Caves No.12-13-14
2468:
2467:
2367:
2366:
2124:
2123:
1904:
1903:
1694:
1693:
1651:
1650:
1581:
1580:
1517:
1516:
1264:
1263:
1242:Interior panorama
1084:
1083:
1032:
1031:
850:
849:
431:
430:
167:
166:
71:Show map of India
5869:
5667:Siddhachal Caves
5616:Bava Pyara Caves
5559:
5552:
5545:
5536:
5535:
5450:Jogeshwari Caves
5309:Aurangabad Caves
5193:Bava Pyara Caves
5160:Lomas Rishi Cave
5102:Guntupalli Caves
5059:
5052:
5045:
5036:
5035:
5019:
4998:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4905:. Archived from
4899:
4893:
4886:
4880:
4873:
4864:
4863:
4853:
4847:
4840:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4808:
4788:
4782:
4775:
4766:
4765:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4701:
4695:
4684:
4683:
4663:
4654:
4653:
4633:
4624:
4618:
4612:
4600:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4574:
4567:
4548:
4547:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4404:
4395:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4341:
4335:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4255:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4198:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4103:. Archived from
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4075:
4069:
4066:
4060:
4059:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4032:
4029:
4009:Pitalkhora Caves
3973:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3935:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3857:
3845:
3836:Interior reliefs
3833:
3821:
3809:
3797:
3785:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3671:
3654:
3642:
3630:
3618:
3583:
3469:
3453:
3441:
3429:
3402:
3398:
3275:
3246:Section and plan
3243:
3231:
3217:
3201:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3148:
3094:(circa 120 CE).
3029:Cave No.18 is a
2934:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2835:
2823:
2808:
2796:
2784:
2772:
2755:
2654:
2642:
2630:
2618:
2606:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2520:
2508:
2478:
2458:
2446:
2434:
2422:
2410:
2393:
2361:
2272:
2253:
2249:
2230:
2216:"Success !
2200:
2160:, son-in-law of
2111:
2102:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2052:
2017:
1894:
1882:
1873:Cave 9, interior
1870:
1861:Cave 9, exterior
1858:
1831:
1822:Cave 6, exterior
1819:
1807:
1764:
1752:
1740:
1731:Cave 4, exterior
1728:
1701:
1688:
1660:
1645:
1598:
1575:
1530:
1511:
1366:
1355:, the important
1251:
1239:
1227:
1213:
1199:
1187:
1175:
1166:Cave 3, exterior
1163:
1142:
1074:
1054:
1039:
1019:
1004:
992:
980:
964:
949:
840:
828:
816:
807:Cave 2, exterior
804:
789:
734:
722:
710:
701:Cave 1, exterior
698:
675:
423:
416:
409:
194:
184:
175:
169:
168:
163:
162:
160:
159:
158:
157:19.9412; 73.7486
153:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
104:
91:
90:
84:
72:
59:
58:
52:
35:
26:Buddhaleni Caves
21:
20:
5877:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5866:
5792:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5737:
5714:
5710:Dharashiv Caves
5681:
5677:Udayagiri Caves
5653:
5630:
5602:
5584:
5580:Undavalli Caves
5566:
5563:
5533:
5528:
5500:
5445:Elephanta Caves
5329:Dharashiv Caves
5285:
5257:
5229:
5164:
5155:Saptaparni Cave
5131:
5127:Undavalli Caves
5097:Erravaram Caves
5068:
5063:
5026:
5016:
4995:
4949:
4922:
4912:
4910:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4887:
4883:
4874:
4867:
4854:
4850:
4841:
4824:
4816:
4812:
4805:
4789:
4785:
4776:
4769:
4752:
4748:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4721:
4704:
4696:
4687:
4680:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4634:
4627:
4619:
4615:
4610:Wayback Machine
4601:
4594:
4581:
4577:
4568:
4551:
4544:
4528:
4524:
4517:
4501:
4497:
4489:
4476:
4468:
4464:
4456:
4452:
4444:
4440:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4405:
4398:
4389:
4385:
4377:
4373:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4344:
4336:
4329:
4321:
4317:
4309:
4305:
4297:
4293:
4285:
4281:
4273:
4269:
4256:
4249:
4241:
4237:
4229:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4199:
4156:
4146:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4110:
4108:
4107:on 31 July 2017
4099:
4098:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4081:. showcaves.com
4077:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4035:
4030:
4026:
4022:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3950:
3939:
3936:
3927:
3924:
3915:
3912:
3903:
3900:
3890:
3861:
3858:
3849:
3846:
3837:
3834:
3825:
3822:
3813:
3810:
3801:
3798:
3789:
3786:
3776:
3717:
3714:
3705:
3702:
3693:
3690:
3669:
3658:
3655:
3646:
3643:
3634:
3631:
3622:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3567:Western Satraps
3484:
3473:
3470:
3461:
3454:
3445:
3442:
3433:
3430:
3399:
3396:
3383:
3379:
3338:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3292:
3276:
3273:
3258:
3247:
3244:
3235:
3232:
3221:
3218:
3209:
3202:
3193:
3190:
3181:
3178:
3169:
3166:
3070:and Cave 10 of
3064:Kondivite Caves
3007:
3002:
2976:
2962:
2961:, circa 120 CE.
2946:, mentioned by
2935:
2932:
2850:
2839:
2836:
2827:
2824:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2800:
2797:
2788:
2785:
2776:
2773:
2722:has carved the
2706:
2678:
2655:
2646:
2643:
2634:
2631:
2622:
2619:
2610:
2607:
2572:
2569:
2560:
2557:
2548:
2545:
2536:
2533:
2524:
2521:
2512:
2509:
2499:
2473:
2462:
2459:
2450:
2447:
2438:
2435:
2426:
2423:
2414:
2411:
2372:
2362:
2359:
2277:
2273:
2259:
2250:
2247:
2231:
2228:
2201:
2198:
2170:Western Satraps
2164:, circa 120 CE.
2145:, in Cave No.10
2135:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2103:
2092:
2089:
2080:
2077:
2068:
2065:
2056:
2053:
2044:
2029:Western Satraps
1945:
1932:Western Satraps
1909:
1898:
1897:Cave 9, pillars
1895:
1886:
1883:
1874:
1871:
1862:
1859:
1850:
1835:
1832:
1823:
1820:
1811:
1808:
1799:
1768:
1765:
1756:
1753:
1744:
1741:
1732:
1729:
1719:
1699:
1689:
1686:
1666:
1646:
1643:
1628:
1604:
1576:
1573:
1536:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1377:
1372:
1357:Western Satraps
1335:Western Satraps
1269:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1217:
1214:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1178:Cave 3, pillars
1176:
1167:
1164:
1108:
1078:
1075:
1066:
1055:
1026:
1020:
1011:
1005:
996:
993:
984:
981:
972:
965:
946:
916:
891:
855:
844:
841:
832:
829:
820:
817:
808:
805:
795:
790:
787:
778:
762:
738:
735:
726:
723:
714:
711:
702:
699:
690:
673:
650:Western Satraps
638:
625:
581:
519:
435:Trirashmi Caves
427:
398:
397:
363:Ramagrama stupa
268:
260:
259:
235:
227:
226:
202:
182:
173:
156:
154:
150:
147:
142:
139:
137:
135:
134:
108:
107:
106:
105:
102:
101:
100:
99:
98:
96:
92:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
68:
67:
66:
64:
60:
38:
25:
24:Trirashmi Caves
17:
12:
11:
5:
5875:
5865:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5766:Armamalai Cave
5763:
5758:
5753:
5747:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5691:
5689:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5663:
5661:
5659:Madhya Pradesh
5655:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5640:
5638:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5586:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5572:Andhra Pradesh
5568:
5567:
5562:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5539:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5491:Shivneri Caves
5488:
5483:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5432:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5379:Nenavali Caves
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5304:Ambivali Caves
5301:
5295:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5267:
5265:
5263:Madhya Pradesh
5259:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5180:
5174:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5145:Indrasala Cave
5141:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5074:Andhra Pradesh
5070:
5069:
5062:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5025:
5024:External links
5022:
5021:
5020:
5014:
4999:
4993:
4978:
4964:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4894:
4881:
4865:
4862:. p. 114.
4848:
4822:
4810:
4804:978-9004185258
4803:
4783:
4767:
4746:
4737:, p. 168.
4727:
4702:
4685:
4678:
4655:
4648:
4625:
4613:
4592:
4575:
4549:
4542:
4522:
4515:
4495:
4474:
4462:
4450:
4438:
4426:
4419:
4396:
4383:
4371:
4359:
4342:
4327:
4315:
4303:
4301:, p. 383.
4291:
4279:
4267:
4247:
4235:
4218:
4206:
4154:
4132:
4118:
4092:
4070:
4061:
4058:. 3 June 2021.
4047:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4014:Shivneri Caves
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3958:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3918:
3916:
3914:Sculpted ledge
3913:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3894:
3872:
3871:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3859:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3780:
3728:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3715:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3668:
3667:Caves No.21-24
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3657:Interior cells
3656:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3613:
3590:
3589:
3516:British Museum
3483:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3464:
3462:
3455:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3424:
3409:
3408:
3394:
3355:and others at
3298:
3291:
3288:
3271:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3212:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3128:
3127:
3100:
3099:
3056:
3055:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2956:Western Satrap
2930:
2892:for reference.
2884:), with Nasik/
2849:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2803:
2801:
2799:Pillar capital
2798:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2745:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2601:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2503:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:Caves No.12-16
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2336:
2333:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2262:
2261:
2245:
2243:generally...."
2226:
2196:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2047:
2024:
2023:
2010:, the largest
1985:
1984:
1968:
1967:
1944:
1941:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1834:Caves 9 and 8.
1833:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1802:
1791:
1790:
1788:Caves No.6-7-8
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1723:
1708:
1707:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1669:
1668:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1607:
1606:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1543:
1542:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1468:
1444:
1440:
1397:The defeated "
1380:
1379:
1361:
1360:
1345:
1343:Indo-Parthians
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:Chaitya relief
1215:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1122:
1121:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1006:
999:
997:
994:
987:
985:
982:
975:
973:
966:
959:
954:
953:
908:
907:
893:The cave is a
890:
887:
854:
851:
848:
847:
846:
845:
842:
835:
833:
830:
823:
821:
818:
811:
809:
806:
799:
785:
749:
748:
742:
741:
740:
739:
736:
729:
727:
724:
717:
715:
712:
705:
703:
700:
693:
682:
681:
672:
669:
664:) Dhammadeva.
637:
634:
624:
621:
580:
577:
518:
515:
429:
428:
426:
425:
418:
411:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
236:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
203:
200:
199:
196:
195:
187:
186:
178:
177:
165:
164:
132:
128:
127:
114:
110:
109:
94:
93:
86:
85:
79:
78:
77:
76:
62:
61:
54:
53:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5874:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5751:Samanar Hills
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5740:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5660:
5656:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5560:
5555:
5553:
5548:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5537:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5486:Manmodi Caves
5484:
5482:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5466:
5465:Kanheri Caves
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5430:
5429:Yerphal Caves
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5419:Vijasan Caves
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5409:Shirwal Caves
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5369:Kondana Caves
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5276:Dhamnar Caves
5274:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5253:Pandava Caves
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5199:
5198:Uparkot Caves
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5060:
5055:
5053:
5048:
5046:
5041:
5040:
5037:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5017:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5000:
4996:
4990:
4986:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4952:Harle, J.C.,
4951:
4950:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4891:
4885:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4861:
4860:
4852:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4820:
4814:
4806:
4800:
4796:
4795:
4787:
4780:
4774:
4772:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4750:
4742:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4681:
4679:9780984404308
4675:
4671:
4670:
4662:
4660:
4651:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4632:
4630:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4599:
4597:
4588:
4587:
4579:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4545:
4543:9788120604575
4539:
4535:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4516:9783864034145
4512:
4508:
4507:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4472:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4448:
4442:
4436:
4430:
4422:
4420:9780195099843
4416:
4412:
4411:
4403:
4401:
4393:
4387:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4363:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4325:, p. 92.
4324:
4319:
4313:
4307:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4264:. p. 60.
4263:
4262:
4254:
4252:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4216:
4210:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4142:
4136:
4128:
4122:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4080:
4074:
4065:
4057:
4051:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4028:
4024:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Kanheri Caves
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3961:
3954:
3934:
3929:
3922:
3917:
3910:
3905:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3883:or symbol of
3882:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3815:
3808:
3803:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3707:
3700:
3695:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3653:
3648:
3641:
3636:
3629:
3624:
3617:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3555:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3502:Cave 20 plan.
3500:
3493:
3488:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3452:
3447:
3440:
3435:
3428:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3309:Brahmi script
3306:
3302:
3296:
3287:
3285:
3280:
3270:
3268:
3262:
3242:
3237:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3188:
3183:
3176:
3171:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3080:Kondana Caves
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3060:Western India
3053:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3040:Christian era
3036:
3032:
3023:
3016:
3011:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:Manmodi Caves
2985:, and at the
2984:
2980:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2890:Brahmi script
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2816:
2807:
2802:
2795:
2790:
2783:
2778:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2698:Demetriapolis
2695:
2687:
2682:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2636:
2629:
2624:
2617:
2612:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2562:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2490:bhikshugrihas
2487:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2457:
2452:
2445:
2440:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2387:workmanship.
2386:
2382:
2378:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2340:Uttamabhadras
2337:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2292:Brahmi script
2289:
2283:
2282:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2117:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:Indo-Scythian
1925:
1918:
1913:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1825:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1758:
1751:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1622:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1411:Brahmi script
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1279:(130–159 CE).
1278:
1273:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1003:
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
970:
963:
958:
957:
956:
955:
950:
947:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
905:
904:
903:
901:
896:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
869:Cave No.3 at
864:
859:
839:
834:
827:
822:
819:Cave 2, front
815:
810:
803:
798:
797:
796:
784:
782:
781:Siri-Pulumayi
774:
772:
768:
760:
756:
751:
750:
747:
743:
733:
728:
721:
716:
713:Cave 1, front
709:
704:
697:
692:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
676:
671:Caves No. 1-2
668:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
633:
631:
620:
618:
614:
610:
605:
601:
593:
585:
576:
574:
569:
566:
564:
555:
550:
546:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
524:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
485:, India. The
484:
480:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
424:
419:
417:
412:
410:
405:
404:
402:
401:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:Kesaria Stupa
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
283:Barabar Caves
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
264:
263:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
231:
230:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
204:
198:
197:
193:
189:
188:
185:
180:
179:
176:
174:Pilgrimage to
171:
170:
161:
133:
129:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
83:
51:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
5776:Sithanavasal
5695:Ellora Caves
5626:Talaja Caves
5470:
5469:
5434:
5433:
5404:Pohale Caves
5383:
5334:Ellora Caves
5314:Bahrot Caves
5299:Ajanta Caves
5225:Talaja Caves
5150:Vulture Peak
5117:Ramateertham
5082:Adapur Caves
5004:
4983:
4967:
4953:
4937:Dawood Dalvi
4911:. Retrieved
4907:the original
4897:
4884:
4858:
4851:
4813:
4793:
4786:
4756:
4749:
4730:
4668:
4638:
4616:
4585:
4578:
4532:
4525:
4505:
4498:
4465:
4453:
4441:
4429:
4409:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4318:
4306:
4294:
4282:
4270:
4260:
4238:
4209:
4147:16 September
4145:. Retrieved
4135:
4121:
4109:. Retrieved
4105:the original
4095:
4085:16 September
4083:. Retrieved
4073:
4068:Harle, 55-56
4064:
4050:
4045:Michell, 384
4031:Michell, 383
4027:
3971:India portal
3951:
3888:
3868:
3773:Sri Pulumavi
3770:
3753:
3724:
3674:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3571:
3556:
3552:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3405:
3380:
3377:
3365:
3349:
3341:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3281:
3278:
3267:Chaityagriha
3264:
3259:
3256:Inscriptions
3204:The central
3151:
3140:
3129:
3116:Manmodi cave
3101:
3084:Ajanta Caves
3082:, Cave 9 at
3078:, Cave 1 at
3072:Ajanta Caves
3057:
3028:
2937:
2911:
2895:
2758:
2746:
2737:
2723:
2712:
2691:
2662:
2596:
2579:
2497:
2481:
2474:
2396:
2389:
2373:
2296:
2285:
2256:
2234:
2215:
2203:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2167:
2127:Inscriptions
2114:Plan of the
2041:Sri Pulumavi
2020:
2005:
1993:Sri Pulumavi
1986:
1969:
1946:
1842:
1787:
1775:
1717:
1704:
1697:Caves No.4-9
1681:
1663:
1652:
1630:
1627:
1601:
1582:
1555:
1539:Sri Pulumavi
1533:
1525:Sri Pulumavi
1518:
1493:
1416:
1375:Sri Pulumavi
1369:
1362:
1316:
1305:
1289:Sri Pulumavi
1282:
1267:Inscriptions
1254:Plan of the
1148:Sri Pulumavi
1145:
1123:
1085:
1063:Gautamiputra
909:
892:
868:
792:
776:
771:Sri Pulumavi
763:
745:
678:
666:
639:
626:
606:
602:
598:
570:
567:
559:
520:
486:
481:(or Nasik),
467:
446:
442:
439:Nashik Caves
438:
434:
432:
393:Vikramashila
337:
303:Ellora Caves
18:
5733:Belum Caves
5705:Mangi-Tungi
5687:Maharashtra
5621:Dhank Caves
5524:Kolvi Caves
5496:Tulja Caves
5394:Patan caves
5359:Karad Caves
5354:Karla Caves
5324:Bhaja Caves
5319:Bedse Caves
5291:Maharashtra
5220:Siyot Caves
5178:Dhank Caves
5092:Chandavaram
5087:Belum Caves
4111:15 November
4004:Karla Caves
3994:Bhaja Caves
3989:Bedse Caves
3984:Ajanta Cave
3704:Cave No. 21
3419:Satavahanas
3392:at Nasik."
3372:Satavahanas
3108:Lomas Rishi
3092:Karla Caves
3088:Bedse Caves
3068:Bhaja Caves
3035:Karla Caves
2983:Karla Caves
2973:Indo-Greeks
2848:Inscription
2750:Karla Caves
2743:Comparisons
2709:Inside hall
2494:karshapanas
2352:karshapanas
2330:Bharukachha
2154:Karla Caves
2008:Karla Caves
1983:Comparisons
1966:Inside hall
1953:Karla Caves
1591:'s viceroy
1339:Indo-Greeks
1293:Gotamiputra
1126:Karla Caves
1111:Karla Caves
613:Satavahanas
573:water tanks
511:Bedse Caves
503:Bhaja Caves
499:Karla Caves
495:Mahabharata
483:Maharashtra
465:tradition.
343:Pataliputra
308:Kapilavastu
293:Chandavaram
267:Other Sites
155: /
131:Coordinates
121:Maharashtra
5796:Categories
5743:Tamil Nadu
5399:Pitalkhora
5374:Kuda Caves
5364:Khed Caves
5271:Bagh Caves
5215:Sana Caves
4976:0140081445
4962:0300062176
4760:. p.
4649:900414983X
4392:Kshatrapas
4299:Singh 2008
4020:References
3869:Cave No.24
3742:Aurangabad
3725:Cave No.23
3548:Aurangabad
3544:vidyaharas
3490:Exterior.
3432:Cave No.19
3386:Satavahana
3076:Pitalkhora
3054:Chronology
2963:The word "
2906:Indo-Greek
2663:Cave No.16
2580:Cave No.15
2397:Cave No.11
2307:Kshaharata
2299:Ushavadata
2297:"Success!
2237:Ushavadata
2222:Govardhana
2218:Ushavadata
2210:Ushavadata
2178:Ushavadata
2158:Ushavadata
2143:Ushavadata
2131:See also:
2037:Satavahana
1997:Indo-Greek
1637:Usabhadata
1593:Usubhadata
1464:Khakharata
1448:Kshatriyas
1349:Khakharata
1285:Satavahana
1230:Decoration
1097:architrave
995:Door frame
925:, and the
919:Bodhi tree
879:Satavahana
875:Pandavleni
767:Satavahana
662:Indo-Greek
654:Ushavadata
539:Maṇibhadra
532:Ṛṣabhadeva
507:Patan Cave
487:Pandavleni
383:Tilaurakot
358:Pushpagiri
212:Kushinagar
143:73°44′55″E
140:19°56′28″N
5781:Thirakoil
5636:Karnataka
5506:Rajasthan
5424:Wai Caves
5281:Saru Maru
5235:Karnataka
4754:Burgess.
3761:Sri Lanka
3738:Vajrapani
3734:Padmapani
3598:, son of
3540:Bhairagis
3536:dvarapala
2944:Arachosia
2940:Demetrias
2724:shalunkha
2322:Brahmanas
2310:Kshatrapa
1843:Cave No.9
1776:Cave No.5
1705:Cave No.4
1203:Dvarapala
1024:Dvarapala
1009:Dvarapala
983:Side view
931:dvarapala
746:Cave No.2
679:Cave No.1
443:Trirashmi
378:Udayagiri
368:Ratnagiri
323:Lalitgiri
278:Amaravati
250:Shravasti
207:Bodh Gaya
5481:Lenyadri
5122:Sankaram
4931:M.S.More
4913:16 March
4606:Archived
4143:. india9
3957:See also
3902:Exterior
3788:Interior
3766:Mahayana
3645:Interior
3621:Exterior
3510:Coin of
3395:—
3390:Sramanas
3331:Sramanas
3272:—
3192:Interior
3112:trisulas
3005:The cave
2959:Nahapana
2931:—
2888:-period
2826:Interior
2775:Exterior
2704:The cave
2593:Mahayana
2358:—
2303:Nahapana
2288:Sanskrit
2246:—
2227:—
2197:—
2182:Sanskrit
2174:Nahapana
2162:Nahapana
2079:Interior
2033:Nahapana
1977:Bhairava
1949:Nahapana
1943:The cave
1936:Nahapana
1685:—
1655:swastika
1642:—
1589:Nahapana
1572:—
1566:Bhikshus
1521:swastika
1508:—
1500:Maharaja
1486:Charanas
1471:Kesava,
1460:Palhavas
1437:Aparanta
1353:Nahapana
1341:and the
1331:Palhavas
1190:Interior
1105:Amravati
1093:sphinxes
1088:Nahapana
1059:Nahapana
971:gateway.
906:Entrance
900:Nahapana
889:The cave
843:Interior
831:Interior
786:—
759:Mahayana
737:Interior
725:Interior
630:Hinayana
615:and the
563:Lonavala
491:Pandavas
455:Buddhist
449:being a
388:Varanasi
353:Piprahwa
255:Vaishali
245:Sankissa
113:Location
5608:Gujarat
5471:In the
5435:In the
5170:Gujarat
4947:Sources
4890:p.278ff
4877:p.277ff
4844:p.275ff
4779:p.274ff
4571:p.271ff
4471:p.78-79
4459:p.82-83
4447:p.78-79
4435:p.81-82
4339:p.71-72
4288:p.66-67
4276:p.61-62
4202:p.267ff
3881:trisula
3877:Bhikshu
3757:nirvana
3604:Kanheri
3563:Kanheri
3492:3D tour
3417:of the
3415:Krishna
3370:of the
3368:Krishna
3361:Kondane
3305:Puranas
3098:Doorway
3031:chaitya
3015:3D tour
2999:Chaitya
2981:at the
2979:Chaitya
2950:. This
2922:Buddhas
2918:Chaitya
2734:Veranda
2715:Chaitya
2686:3D tour
2344:Malayas
2318:tirthas
2067:Veranda
2012:Chaitya
1956:Chaitya
1917:3D tour
1562:Samanas
1496:Kailasa
1482:Yakshas
1456:Yavanas
1407:Palhava
1327:Yavanas
1137:Chaitya
1134:Kanheri
1130:Chaitya
1114:Chaitya
1035:Pillars
943:Kanheri
863:3D Tour
617:Abhiras
579:History
556:season.
554:monsoon
528:chaitya
474:chaitya
470:viharas
451:Marathi
333:Nalanda
328:Mathura
318:Kosambi
298:Devdaha
288:Bharhut
222:Sarnath
217:Lumbini
5720:Odisha
5649:Aihole
5473:Junnar
5437:Mumbai
5243:Aihole
5012:
4991:
4974:
4960:
4801:
4699:p.91ff
4676:
4646:
4540:
4513:
4492:p.90ff
4417:
4356:p.75ff
4244:p.71ff
4232:p.60ff
3979:Cetiya
3948:Routes
3885:dharma
3750:Ajanta
3748:, and
3746:Ellora
3600:Gotami
3458:Sanchi
3353:Ajanta
3345:Vihara
3284:Nashik
3132:dagoba
3120:Junnar
3104:Sanchi
2991:Junnar
2969:Yavana
2965:Yoṇaka
2952:vihara
2926:Samgha
2914:Yavana
2900:(i.e.
2898:Yavana
2862:Brahmi
2858:Yavana
2694:Yavana
2633:Buddha
2589:Buddha
2326:tirtha
2305:, the
2276:Caves.
2241:Samgha
2206:Samgha
2116:vihara
2039:ruler
2031:ruler
2001:Yavana
1973:dagoba
1960:Junnar
1934:ruler
1796:Samgha
1478:Garuda
1473:Arjuna
1403:Yavana
1359:ruler.
1337:, the
1312:eulogy
1297:Samgha
1256:vihara
1128:Great
1101:frieze
1022:Right
969:Sanchi
935:Ajanta
927:chakra
923:dagoba
921:, the
912:Sanchi
895:vihara
794:above.
755:chauri
687:Vihara
658:Yavana
611:, the
543:Ambikā
536:yakṣas
479:Nashik
373:Sanchi
273:Ajanta
240:Rajgir
117:Nashik
5590:Bihar
5475:area:
5439:area:
5137:Bihar
4819:p.168
4622:p.257
4312:p.384
3574:Karle
3532:antae
3357:Bhaja
3335:Nasik
3301:Kanha
3206:stupa
3143:Bedsa
3136:Karle
3048:Karla
3044:Bedsa
2902:Greek
2886:Karla
2856:The "
2728:linga
2720:Hindu
2621:Front
2385:Jaina
2381:Indra
2055:Front
1714:antae
1467:foes;
1452:Sakas
1323:Sakas
1287:king
1007:Left
939:Karle
881:king
871:Nasik
769:king
517:Caves
437:, or
338:Nasik
125:India
97:Caves
95:Nasik
65:Caves
63:Nasik
5010:ISBN
4989:ISBN
4972:ISBN
4958:ISBN
4915:2008
4799:ISBN
4741:help
4674:ISBN
4644:ISBN
4538:ISBN
4511:ISBN
4415:ISBN
4380:p.72
4368:p.42
4215:p.59
4149:2006
4113:2016
4087:2006
3736:and
3359:and
3126:Hall
3046:and
2377:Amba
1927:The
1458:and
1433:Meru
1399:Saka
1329:and
941:and
915:men.
541:and
523:Jain
509:and
447:Leni
433:The
348:Pāvā
3333:at
3118:at
2989:in
2942:in
2904:or
2294:):
2208:by
2003:".
1425:,
1409:" (
5798::
4868:^
4825:^
4770:^
4762:93
4705:^
4688:^
4658:^
4628:^
4595:^
4552:^
4477:^
4399:^
4345:^
4330:^
4250:^
4221:^
4157:^
4036:^
3744:,
3550:.
3337:".
2993:.
2718:a
2312:,
2290:,
1541:)
1454:,
1325:,
652:,
644:,
575:.
513:.
505:,
501:,
123:,
119:,
5558:e
5551:t
5544:v
5058:e
5051:t
5044:v
5018:.
4997:.
4917:.
4807:.
4764:.
4743:)
4682:.
4652:.
4546:.
4519:.
4423:.
4151:.
4129:.
4115:.
4089:.
3775:.
3518:.
3494:.
3460:.
3311::
3208:.
3017:.
2975:.
2688:.
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1919:.
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1150:)
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415:t
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