196:
36:
587:
instead of as pure antagonists. With the sole exception of nalorphine, all of the preceding are used as analgesics (by virtue of the fact that both MOR and KOR agonism independently confer pain relief). However, these opioid analgesics have atypical properties in comparison to the prototypical pure
716:. In a 2001 study with naloxone, three of fourteen patients lost their depersonalization symptoms entirely, and seven showed marked improvement. The findings of a 2005 naltrexone study were slightly less promising, with an average of a 30% reduction of symptoms, as measured by three validated
720:
scales. The more dramatic result of naloxone versus naltrexone is suspected to be due to different opioid receptor affinity/selectivity with naloxone (specifically, more potent KOR blockade), which appears to be better suited to individuals with depersonalization disorder.
485:. These are designed to specifically inhibit certain opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract and with limited ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, they do not affect the analgesic effects of opioids within the central nervous system.
819:
Kawamoto H, Ozaki S, Itoh Y, Miyaji M, Arai S, Nakashima H, Kato T, Ohta H, Iwasawa Y (1999). "Discovery of the first potent and selective small molecule opioid receptor-like (ORL1) antagonist: 1--3-ethyl-1, 3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one (J-113397)".
562:
is an antagonist of the MOR but an agonist of the KOR; the same is also true for nalorphine and levallorphan. A variety of partial agonists or mixed agonists-antagonists of the MOR and KOR are also marketed, and include
664:, selective antagonists are needed which can block one of the opioid receptors but without affecting the others. This has led to the development of antagonists which are highly selective to one of the four receptors:
330:
that may lead to eventual relapse. A course of low-dose naltrexone is thus often used as the final step in the treatment of opioid addiction after the patient has been weaned off the substitute agonist such as
4868:
4016:
4011:
4006:
3334:
2252:
2247:
2242:
697:
Other selective antagonists are also known, but the four listed above were the first selective antagonists discovered for each respective opioid receptor, and are still the most widely used.
2732:
4589:
3715:
3449:
221:
that bind to the opioid receptors with higher affinity than agonists but do not activate the receptors. This effectively blocks the receptor, preventing the body from responding to
4860:
2727:
318:
which results from long-term abuse of opioid agonist drugs. This is the only treatment available which can reverse the long-term after effects of opioid addiction known as
5040:
3143:
5073:
4341:
3589:
2632:
4855:
3760:
3469:
4966:
4754:
2162:
260:
effects in people who are taking, or have recently used, opioid full agonists, these drugs are generally considered to be antagonists for practical purposes.
3840:
120:
2113:
4961:
3835:
531:
478:
5078:
2172:
2717:
2182:
3730:
3203:
263:
The weak partial agonist effect can be useful for some purposes, and has previously been used for purposes such as long-term maintenance of former
54:
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3399:
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2894:
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5053:
5004:
4724:
4714:
3815:
3810:
3319:
339:, in order to restore homeostasis and minimize the risk of post acute withdrawal syndrome once the maintenance agonist has been withdrawn.
857:"Discovery of the first small-molecule opioid pan antagonist with nanomolar affinity at mu, delta, kappa, and nociceptin opioid receptors"
5192:
4664:
4518:
4181:
3996:
3639:
3048:
5103:
5093:
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3299:
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4749:
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2784:
2106:
713:
4819:
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4674:
806:
3043:
1671:
704:
is a non-selective, balanced antagonist of all four of the opioid receptors, and was the first such agent to be discovered.
1814:
17:
2697:
2099:
1038:
1720:
660:
are non-selective, either blocking multiple opioid receptors, or blocking the MOR but activating the KOR. However, for
748:
symptoms (during an induced coma in order to relieve the extreme pain of their use), so that an accurate diagnosis of
72:
4461:
1688:
1447:
4456:
1570:
802:
4381:
319:
1713:
3579:
947:
Simeon, Daphne (June 2005). "An Open Trial of
Naltrexone in the Treatment of Depersonalization Disorder".
5149:
1272:
482:
240:
effects when administered in high doses to opioid-naive individuals. Examples of such compounds include
5284:
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4554:
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1852:
195:
4579:
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3294:
2612:
2021:
1623:
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1172:
737:
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617:
248:. However, the analgesic effects from these specific drugs are limited and tend to be accompanied by
4549:
4491:
3951:
3710:
2955:
1007:
621:
149:
5129:
4544:
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1400:
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1961:
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1616:
589:
268:
218:
1003:
4111:
2407:
1506:
1418:
809:
with caption: "photo illustration of 2 milligrams of fentanyl, a lethal dose in most people".
306:
Naltrexone is also a partial inverse agonist, and this property is exploited in treatment of
2187:
2167:
1737:
1305:
1094:
1071:
771:
601:
50:
3924:
3267:
2133:
364:
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348:
292:
253:
8:
5252:
4838:
4684:
4644:
3971:
3790:
3770:
3068:
3030:
2985:
1750:
1350:
993:
740:", opioid antagonist drugs were administered in order to completely remove the patient's
690:
661:
433:
352:
311:
185:
4784:
4091:
3780:
3514:
3404:
3058:
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2522:
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1331:
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1024:
972:
960:
929:
881:
856:
680:
629:
384:
287:. On the other hand, Naloxone has no partial agonist effects, and is in fact a partial
4569:
3725:
2965:
1705:
904:
Nuller, Yuri (2001). "Effect of naloxone therapy on depersonalization: a pilot stud".
4574:
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1982:
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with KOR agonists. In addition, by virtue of its KOR antagonism, buprenorphine (as
584:
499:
307:
4624:
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4106:
3454:
3429:
2472:
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597:
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288:
233:
232:
Some opioid antagonists are not pure antagonists but do produce some weak opioid
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137:
113:
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968:
925:
890:
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778:
to Jack
Crawford's wife after she tries to commit suicide by overdosing on
455:
284:
267:
using nalorphine, however it can also have disadvantages such as worsening
245:
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5144:
5058:
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1129:
764:
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605:
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576:
568:
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536:
423:
315:
264:
202:. 2 mg (white powder to the right) is a lethal dose in most people.
5262:
5232:
5207:
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3020:
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2627:
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2532:
2482:
2462:
2417:
2342:
2232:
2222:
2005:
1939:
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1823:
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1526:
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1134:
1079:
641:
633:
572:
559:
526:
445:
413:
396:
241:
214:
96:
872:
833:
624:
to block its MOR agonism) is under investigation for the treatment of
168:
5217:
5212:
5162:
5134:
5063:
5024:
5019:
4994:
4989:
4916:
4824:
4814:
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4614:
4528:
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4396:
4366:
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4306:
4276:
4156:
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4036:
4031:
3986:
3905:
3900:
3860:
3845:
3820:
3750:
3689:
3659:
3609:
3599:
3594:
3459:
3349:
3314:
3309:
3253:
3178:
3158:
3153:
3123:
3053:
3015:
2995:
2990:
2930:
2914:
2904:
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2759:
2707:
2702:
2637:
2592:
2572:
2452:
2442:
2287:
2057:
2040:
2010:
1972:
1934:
1894:
1871:
1794:
1758:
1245:
1202:
1187:
1157:
1104:
763:, a character dangerously tries to undergo a procedure (and go under
686:
668:
609:
521:
504:
494:
467:
418:
332:
249:
237:
226:
1016:
27:
Receptor antagonist that acts on one or more of the opioid receptors
5222:
5014:
4759:
4669:
4649:
4639:
4594:
4523:
4316:
4226:
4211:
4176:
4166:
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3005:
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2854:
2824:
2794:
2754:
2622:
2512:
2457:
2367:
2302:
2272:
2157:
2067:
2052:
1992:
1945:
1905:
1900:
1768:
1763:
1475:
1313:
1255:
1240:
1192:
1182:
1109:
1084:
1047:
779:
775:
712:
Naloxone and naltrexone have both been studied in the treatment of
657:
645:
593:
551:
408:
392:
376:
367:(DOR), where they variously behave as antagonists and/or agonists.
300:
296:
276:
272:
210:
203:
199:
604:
with MOR partial agonists/antagonists, and use- and dose-limiting
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1429:
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3419:
3010:
2889:
2507:
2387:
1951:
1637:
753:
741:
701:
588:
MOR full agonist opioid analgesics, such as less or no risk of
222:
656:
All of the centrally active opioid antagonists used widely in
5202:
4804:
4699:
4441:
4196:
4061:
3434:
3384:
3344:
3108:
2799:
2743:
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2337:
2332:
1197:
637:
2143:
1000:, Issue 2, 2005. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
510:
4206:
592:
for MOR partial agonists and antagonists, reduced or no
1735:
818:
583:. All of the aforementioned drugs may be described as
252:, most likely due to additional agonist action at the
854:
322:, which otherwise tends to produce symptoms such as
217:
are commonly used opioid antagonist drugs which are
558:of the MOR but antagonists of the KOR. Contrarily,
45:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
1815:
479:Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists
5276:
5265:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
2121:
439:
2107:
1721:
1032:
707:
342:
855:Zaveri NT, Journigan VB, Polgar WE (2015).
848:
812:
2114:
2100:
2031:
1925:
1885:
1785:
1728:
1714:
1039:
1025:
473:
1006:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
880:
511:Under development currently or previously
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
57:, without removing the technical details.
994:Opioid antagonists for smoking cessation
651:
194:
632:, as are other KOR antagonists such as
14:
5277:
949:Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
946:
903:
700:In addition to selective antagonists,
2095:
1709:
1046:
1020:
724:
55:make it understandable to non-experts
481:are used mainly in the treatment of
29:
370:
24:
961:10.1097/01.jcp.0000162803.61700.4f
25:
5296:
4082:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
3410:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
2363:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene)
2348:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
986:
461:
395:, of opioids so as to discourage
391:(by blocking the effects, namely
4462:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
1988:Hydromorphone (extended-release)
992:David S, Lancaster T, Stead LF.
542:
359:. Many of them also bind to the
188:that acts on one or more of the
34:
4457:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
803:Drug Enforcement Administration
375:These drugs are used mainly as
4382:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide
940:
897:
792:
320:post acute withdrawal syndrome
13:
1:
4357:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
3550:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
3159:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
2588:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
906:Journal of Psychopharmacology
786:
683:is a selective KOR antagonist
677:is a selective DOR antagonist
671:is a selective MOR antagonist
488:
3580:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon
7:
5233:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
4861:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
4242:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)
2728:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone
1993:Morphine (extended-release)
483:opioid-induced constipation
440:Discontinued or rarely used
402:
310:, as a sustained course of
10:
5301:
5253:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
4873:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
3977:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
3144:Methylsamidorphan chloride
2378:Dimethylaminopivalophenone
2203:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
2036:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1930:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1890:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
1790:Tooltip Adrenergic agonist
918:10.1177/026988110101500205
801:. Image 4 of 17. US DEA (
714:depersonalization disorder
708:Depersonalization disorder
644:(both discontinued due to
343:List of opioid antagonists
295:, and so is the preferred
182:opioid receptor antagonist
88:Opioid receptor antagonist
5173:Racecadotril (acetorphan)
5121:
5033:
4848:
4837:
4580:Buprenorphine/samidorphan
4537:
4492:Tricyclic antidepressants
3934:
3923:
3703:
3570:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
3277:
3266:
2923:
2613:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
2132:
2022:Benzodiazepine dependence
2020:
1914:
1804:
1749:
1666:
1636:
1624:Prednisolone/promethazine
1605:Methylthioninium chloride
1583:
1535:
1505:
1474:
1456:
1409:
1386:
1379:
1340:
1322:
1304:
1293:
1269:
1226:
1166:
1143:
1118:
1093:
1070:
1059:
618:buprenorphine/samidorphan
299:drug for treating opioid
236:effects, and can produce
167:
162:
148:
143:
131:
119:
108:
103:
94:
87:
5158:Dexecadotril (retorphan)
5130:Enkephalinase inhibitors
5059:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
5041:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
4957:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
1008:Medical Subject Headings
774:, Dr.Lecter administers
622:buprenorphine/naltrexone
383:and in the treatment of
314:can reverse the altered
206:is 19 mm (0.75 in) wide.
4856:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin
4127:Dynorphin B (rimorphin)
3169:Nalorphine dinicotinate
750:paraneoplastic syndrome
474:Peripherally restricted
451:Nalorphine dinicotinate
219:competitive antagonists
4472:Spiradoline (U-62,066)
4417:Pethidine (meperidine)
3610:Pethidine (meperidine)
3300:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881)
2946:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide
2845:Tetrahydropapaveroline
2760:Pethidine (meperidine)
1617:Potassium permanganate
1273:neuromuscular blockade
590:respiratory depression
347:The following are all
269:respiratory depression
207:
5163:Ecadotril (sinorphan)
4650:CERC-501 (LY-2456302)
4550:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
4112:Dinalbuphine sebacate
3987:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
3711:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
3670:Thiobromadol (C-8813)
3310:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
2956:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
2936:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol
2408:Dinalbuphine sebacate
1419:4-Dimethylaminophenol
652:Selective antagonists
271:in patients who have
198:
5020:Sunobinop (S-117957)
4755:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic
4087:Diamorphine (heroin)
3420:Diamorphine (heroin)
2388:Diamorphine (heroin)
2188:Acetyldihydrocodeine
2168:7-Hydroxymitragynine
2163:7-Acetoxymitragynine
1507:Paracetamol toxicity
1351:direct Xa inhibitors
1072:Alcohol intoxication
998:The Cochrane Library
602:dependence liability
18:Narcotic antagonists
5223:Ubenimex (bestatin)
4967:Nociceptin (1-13)NH
4575:β-Chlornaltrexamine
4545:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
3967:β-Chlornaltrexamine
3841:N-Benzylnaltrindole
3736:β-Chlornaltrexamine
3655:TAN-67 (SB-205,607)
3320:AR-M100390 (ARM390)
2981:β-Chlornaltrexamine
2951:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
2178:α-Chlornaltrexamine
1847:General anesthetics
1751:Nicotine dependence
996:(Cochrane Review),
756:was differentiated.
691:nociceptin receptor
662:scientific research
434:veterinary medicine
312:low-dose naltrexone
186:receptor antagonist
90:Narcotic antagonist
4785:Norbinaltorphimine
4092:Diacetylnalorphine
3781:Diacetylnalorphine
3405:Desmethylclozapine
3059:Diacetylnalorphine
2739:Papaver somniferum
2323:Chloroxymorphamine
2001:Opioid antagonists
1861:Opioid antagonists
1839:Hydrogen cyanamide
1806:Alcohol dependence
1693:Never to phase III
1490:Primary alcohols:
1448:Sodium thiosulfate
1332:Digoxin immune fab
1004:Opioid+Antagonists
912:(2). Sage: 93–95.
767:) in his own home.
744:induced addiction/
730:In the episode of
725:In popular culture
681:Norbinaltorphimine
630:cocaine dependence
385:alcohol dependence
293:μ-opioid receptors
208:
5285:Opioid antagonist
5272:
5271:
5117:
5116:
4962:Nociceptin (1-11)
4833:
4832:
3962:14-Methoxymetopon
3919:
3918:
3836:Methylnaltrindole
3262:
3261:
2931:(3S,4S)-Picenadol
2543:Levacetylmethadol
2089:
2088:
1968:Levacetylmethadol
1916:Opioid dependence
1834:Calcium carbimide
1703:
1702:
1632:
1631:
1466:Calcium gluconate
1458:Hydrofluoric acid
1411:Cyanide poisoning
1388:Arsenic poisoning
1375:
1374:
1289:
1288:
873:10.1021/cn500367b
861:ACS Chem Neurosci
834:10.1021/jm990517p
770:In an episode of
759:In an episode of
636:and, previously,
585:opioid modulators
532:Methylsamidorphan
389:opioid dependence
365:δ-opioid receptor
361:κ-opioid receptor
349:μ-opioid receptor
258:opioid withdrawal
256:. As they induce
254:κ-opioid receptor
178:opioid antagonist
174:
173:
133:Biological target
104:Class identifiers
83:
82:
75:
16:(Redirected from
5292:
5152:
5079:Nociceptin (1-7)
4975:Norbuprenorphine
4912:Dihydroetorphine
4846:
4845:
4735:Methylnaltrexone
4645:Catechin gallate
4377:Norbuprenorphine
4102:Dihydroetorphine
3972:β-Funaltrexamine
3932:
3931:
3831:Methylnaltrexone
3771:Catechin gallate
3585:Norbuprenorphine
3425:Dihydroetorphine
3275:
3274:
3139:Methylnaltrexone
3031:Catechin gallate
2986:β-Funaltrexamine
2398:Dihydroetorphine
2141:
2140:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2063:Chlordiazepoxide
2037:
2033:
1983:Dihydroetorphine
1931:
1927:
1891:
1887:
1817:
1791:
1787:
1730:
1723:
1716:
1707:
1706:
1598:Potassium iodide
1424:Hydroxocobalamin
1384:
1383:
1324:Digoxin toxicity
1302:
1301:
1068:
1067:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1018:
1017:
981:
980:
944:
938:
937:
901:
895:
894:
884:
852:
846:
845:
816:
810:
796:
693:(NOP) antagonist
556:partial agonists
500:Methylnaltrexone
371:Centrally active
357:inverse agonists
308:opioid addiction
190:opioid receptors
158:
138:Opioid receptors
85:
84:
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5289:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5268:
5150:
5113:
5044:
5029:
4970:
4892:
4884:
4876:
4872:
4864:
4841:
4829:
4625:Binaltorphimine
4570:6β-Naltrexol-d4
4533:
4152:Ethylketazocine
4107:Dihydromorphine
3927:
3915:
3726:6β-Naltrexol-d4
3699:
3455:Ethylketazocine
3430:Dihydromorphine
3270:
3258:
2966:6β-Naltrexol-d4
2919:
2718:Oxymorphonazine
2473:Furanylfentanyl
2403:Dihydromorphine
2258:Benzhydrocodone
2147:
2145:
2136:
2128:
2123:Opioid receptor
2120:
2090:
2085:
2048:Benzodiazepines
2035:
2016:
1929:
1910:
1889:
1800:
1789:
1745:
1738:drug dependence
1734:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1683:Clinical trials
1662:
1656:Syrup of ipecac
1628:
1611:oxidizing agent
1579:
1531:
1510:(Acetaminophen)
1509:
1501:
1482:
1481:Ethylene glycol
1479:
1470:
1452:
1405:
1371:
1336:
1318:
1296:
1285:
1271:
1265:
1228:Opioid overdose
1222:
1174:
1173:Organophosphate
1171:
1162:
1139:
1121:
1114:
1096:
1089:
1062:
1055:
1045:
1014:
989:
984:
945:
941:
902:
898:
853:
849:
817:
813:
797:
793:
789:
727:
710:
689:is a selective
654:
620:(ALKS-5461) or
598:abuse potential
545:
513:
491:
476:
464:
442:
405:
381:opioid overdose
373:
345:
289:inverse agonist
234:partial agonist
154:
114:opioid overdose
89:
79:
68:
62:
59:
51:help improve it
48:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5298:
5288:
5287:
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5256:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5153:-Phenylalanine
5147:
5142:
5137:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5042:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4980:Racemethorphan
4977:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4927:Levomethorphan
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4432:Racemethorphan
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4252:Levomethorphan
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3936:
3929:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3620:Racemethorphan
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Levomethorphan
3527:
3525:Leu-enkephalin
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:Naltrexonazine
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:Racemethorphan
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:Levomethorphan
2545:
2540:
2538:Leu-enkephalin
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2498:Hydromorphinol
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:Dihydrocodeine
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2358:Dextromoramide
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:Benzylmorphine
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Acetylfentanyl
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2138:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2044:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2008:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1978:Dihydrocodeine
1975:
1970:
1965:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1920:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1843:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1755:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1646:Copper sulfate
1642:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1548:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1517:Acetylcysteine
1513:
1511:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1441:Sodium nitrite
1438:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1358:
1355:Andexanet alfa
1346:
1344:
1342:Anticoagulants
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1218:Cholinesterase
1212:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1120:Benzodiazepine
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1001:
988:
987:External links
985:
983:
982:
955:(3): 267–270.
939:
896:
847:
828:(25): 5061–3.
811:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
768:
757:
726:
723:
709:
706:
695:
694:
684:
678:
672:
653:
650:
614:hallucinations
544:
541:
540:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
512:
509:
508:
507:
502:
497:
490:
487:
475:
472:
471:
470:
463:
462:Never marketed
460:
459:
458:
453:
448:
441:
438:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
404:
401:
372:
369:
344:
341:
275:on non-opioid
265:opioid addicts
172:
171:
165:
164:
160:
159:
152:
146:
145:
144:External links
141:
140:
135:
129:
128:
123:
117:
116:
110:
106:
105:
101:
100:
92:
91:
81:
80:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5297:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5248:Pronociceptin
5246:
5244:
5243:Proenkephalin
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4902:Buprenorphine
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4867:
4865:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4635:Buprenorphine
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4585:Amentoflavone
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4508:nortriptyline
4505:
4501:
4497:
4496:amitriptyline
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4202:Hydromorphone
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4117:Diprenorphine
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4097:Difelikefalin
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4077:Cyprenorphine
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4022:Big dynorphin
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:3CS-nalmefene
3940:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Diprenorphine
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3490:Hydromorphone
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3400:Deltorphin II
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:3CS-nalmefene
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Methocinnamox
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Ginsenoside R
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Diprenorphine
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:3CS-nalmefene
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2770:Phencyclidine
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2713:Oxymorphazone
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Hydromorphone
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Ethylmorphine
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:Endomorphin-2
2436:
2434:
2433:Endomorphin-1
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Diphenoxylate
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Butyrfentanyl
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2283:Buprenorphine
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Acrylfentanyl
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:ψ-Akuammigine
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2081:
2080:Phenobarbital
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1958:Buprenorphine
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:Nitrous oxide
1851:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1736:Treatment of
1731:
1726:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1576:Prussian blue
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:Diprenorphine
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1153:Physostigmine
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
990:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
943:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
900:
892:
888:
883:
878:
874:
870:
867:(4): 646–57.
866:
862:
858:
851:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
815:
808:
804:
800:
795:
791:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:
762:
758:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:
729:
728:
722:
719:
715:
705:
703:
698:
692:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
665:
663:
659:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
548:Buprenorphine
543:Miscellaneous
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
514:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
486:
484:
480:
469:
466:
465:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
437:
435:
431:
430:Diprenorphine
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
368:
366:
363:(KOR) and/or
362:
358:
354:
350:
340:
338:
337:buprenorphine
334:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
205:
201:
197:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
170:
166:
161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
142:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
102:
99:
98:
93:
86:
77:
74:
66:
56:
52:
46:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
5259:
5238:Prodynorphin
5230:Propeptides:
5229:
5128:
5099:Thienorphine
4922:JNJ-19385899
4907:Cebranopadol
4889:Ac-RYYRIK-NH
4881:Ac-RYYRWK-NH
4565:6β-Naltrexol
4482:Thienorphine
4447:Salvinorin A
4247:Levallorphan
4052:Cebranopadol
3911:Thienorphine
3721:6β-Naltrexol
3505:JNJ-20788560
3500:Isomethadone
3395:Deltorphin I
3390:Deltorphin A
3370:Cebranopadol
3365:Casokefamide
3199:Naltrexazone
3189:Naloxonazine
3114:Levallorphan
2961:6β-Naltrexol
2860:Thienorphine
2815:Remifentanil
2737:
2668:Nicomorphine
2663:Nicodicodine
2618:Morphiceptin
2518:Ketobemidone
2353:Desomorphine
2338:DAMGO (DAGO)
2318:Cebranopadol
2313:Casokefamide
2075:Barbiturates
2073:
2046:
2029:
2000:
1999:
1950:
1923:
1883:
1860:
1859:
1845:
1813:
1783:
1774:Mecamylamine
1609:
1590:
1537:Toxic metals
1436:Amyl nitrite
1428:
1306:Beta blocker
1214:
1145:GHB overdose
1013:
997:
952:
948:
942:
909:
905:
899:
864:
860:
850:
825:
822:J. Med. Chem
821:
814:
794:
760:
731:
718:dissociation
711:
699:
696:
655:
606:side effects
546:
517:6β-Naltrexol
477:
456:Levallorphan
428:
374:
346:
305:
285:barbiturates
262:
246:levallorphan
231:
209:
181:
177:
175:
163:Legal status
95:
69:
60:
44:
5168:Kelatorphan
5145:Candoxatril
5034:Antagonists
4985:Racemorphan
4952:NNC 63-0532
4937:Lexanopadol
4932:Levorphanol
4810:Quadazocine
4795:Pawhuskin A
4790:Noribogaine
4780:Navacaprant
4770:Naltrindole
4690:Epicatechin
4655:Clocinnamox
4538:Antagonists
4500:desipramine
4467:Samidorphan
4437:Racemorphan
4422:Phenazocine
4412:Pentazocine
4392:Norketamine
4387:Noribogaine
4347:Nalfurafine
4312:Mirtazapine
4302:Metkefamide
4262:Lexanopadol
4257:Levorphanol
4237:Laudanosine
4222:ICI-204,448
4217:ICI-199,441
4187:Hemorphin-4
4147:Erinacine E
4132:Eluxadoline
4122:Dynorphin A
4067:Cyclazocine
4042:Butorphanol
4027:Bremazocine
4002:Asimadoline
3992:Allomatrine
3982:Akuammicine
3891:Quadazocine
3886:Pawhuskin A
3881:Noribogaine
3866:Naltrindole
3806:Epicatechin
3801:Eluxadoline
3776:Clocinnamox
3704:Antagonists
3635:Samidorphan
3625:Racemorphan
3605:Oxymorphone
3565:Mitragynine
3560:Metkefamide
3540:Lexanopadol
3535:Levorphanol
3520:Laudanosine
3485:Hydrocodone
3480:Hemorphin-4
3380:Cyclazocine
3355:Butorphanol
3330:β-Endorphin
3249:Samidorphan
3244:Quadazocine
3234:Pawhuskin A
3224:Noribogaine
3214:Naltrindole
3149:Naldemedine
3079:Epicatechin
3036:Clocinnamox
2924:Antagonists
2895:Tubotaiwine
2880:Trimebutine
2810:Racemorphan
2780:Piritramide
2765:Phenazocine
2750:Pentazocine
2723:Oxymorphone
2688:Oliceridine
2673:Norketamine
2658:Nicocodeine
2643:Naltalimide
2608:Mitragynine
2598:Metkefamide
2568:Loxicodegol
2558:Lexanopadol
2553:Levorphanol
2528:Laudanosine
2493:Hydrocodone
2488:Hodgkinsine
2478:Hemorphin-4
2468:Frakefamide
2428:Embutramide
2423:Dynorphin A
2383:Eluxadoline
2373:Dimenoxadol
2308:Carfentanil
2293:Butorphanol
2268:Bezitramide
2238:β-Endorphin
2228:Anileridine
2218:Akuammidine
2213:Akuammicine
2183:α-Narcotine
1829:Acamprosate
1779:Varenicline
1679:from market
1651:Ipecacuanha
1566:Dimercaprol
1522:Glutathione
1396:Dimercaprol
1295:Circulatory
1270:Reversal of
1208:Pralidoxime
1168:Nerve agent
1130:Cyprodenate
1095:Barbiturate
765:anaesthesia
761:Royal Pains
675:Naltrindole
648:concerns).
581:phenazocine
577:pentazocine
569:levorphanol
565:butorphanol
537:Naldemedine
432:is used in
424:Samidorphan
379:to reverse
353:antagonists
316:homeostasis
169:In Wikidata
5263:Kyotorphin
5208:Spinorphin
5089:SB-612,111
5084:Nocistatin
5054:BAN-ORL-24
5005:SCH-486757
5000:SCH-221510
4839:Nociceptin
4800:PF-4455242
4775:Naringenin
4765:Naltrexone
4725:LY-2795050
4720:LY-2459989
4715:LY-2444296
4710:LY-2196044
4695:Hyperoside
4610:Aticaprant
4504:imipramine
4427:Proxorphan
4402:Oxilorphan
4372:Niravoline
4362:Nalorphine
4337:Nalbuphine
4322:Moxazocine
4297:Metazocine
4267:Lofentanil
4232:Ketazocine
4192:Herkinorin
4172:Gemazocine
4162:Fedotozine
4142:Eptazocine
4072:Cyclorphan
4057:Ciprefadol
3876:Naringenin
3856:Naltrexone
3851:Nalorphine
3826:LY-2196044
3816:ICI-174864
3811:ICI-154129
3756:Bevenopran
3731:α-Santolol
3695:Zenazocine
3675:Tonazocine
3630:RWJ-394674
3615:Proglumide
3555:Metazocine
3545:Lofentanil
3475:Fluorophen
3239:Rimonabant
3229:Oxilorphan
3219:Naringenin
3209:Naltrexone
3174:Naloxazone
3164:Nalorphine
3129:LY-2196044
3099:Hyperoside
3089:Gemazocine
3084:Eptazocine
3021:Bevenopran
2865:Tianeptine
2840:Tapentadol
2835:Sufentanil
2830:Sinomenine
2820:Salsolinol
2775:Piminodine
2693:Oxycodegol
2683:Octreotide
2678:Nufenoxole
2628:Nalbuphine
2583:Meptazinol
2563:Loperamide
2533:Lefetamine
2483:Herkinorin
2463:Fluorophen
2418:Dipipanone
2343:Dermorphin
2233:Apparicine
2223:Alfentanil
2146:(abridged;
2126:modulators
2006:Naltrexone
1940:Lofexidine
1879:Topiramate
1867:Naltrexone
1824:Disulfiram
1592:iodine-131
1527:Methionine
1497:Fomepizole
1281:Sugammadex
1261:Naltrexone
1251:Nalorphine
1135:Flumazenil
1080:Metadoxine
787:References
752:caused by
746:withdrawal
642:PF-4455242
634:aticaprant
626:depression
573:nalbuphine
560:eptazocine
527:Bevenopran
446:Nalorphine
414:Naltrexone
324:depression
242:nalorphine
227:endorphins
215:naltrexone
97:Drug class
5218:Tynorphin
5213:Thiorphan
5193:Opiorphan
5135:Amastatin
5064:J-113,397
5025:TH-030418
4995:Ro65-6570
4990:Ro64-6198
4917:Etorphine
4825:Zyklophin
4815:Taxifolin
4705:LY-255582
4665:Cyclofoxy
4615:Axelopran
4529:Xorphanol
4519:U-54,494A
4487:Tifluadom
4477:TH-030418
4407:Oxycodone
4397:Oripavine
4367:Naltriben
4352:Nalmefene
4307:Mianserin
4277:Lufuradom
4182:GR-103545
4157:Etorphine
4137:Enadoline
4037:Butorphan
4032:BRL-52537
3997:Apadoline
3906:Taxifolin
3901:SoRI-9409
3861:Naltriben
3846:Nalmefene
3821:LY-255582
3751:Axelopran
3690:Xorphanol
3660:TH-030418
3640:SB-235863
3600:Oxycodone
3595:Oripavine
3460:Etorphine
3350:Butorphan
3315:Amoxapine
3254:Taxifolin
3179:Naloxegol
3154:Nalmefene
3124:LY-255582
3054:Cyprodime
3049:Cyclofoxy
3016:Axelopran
2996:Alvimopan
2991:Akuammine
2976:α-Gliadin
2915:Xorphanol
2905:Valorphin
2850:TH-030418
2708:Oxycodone
2703:Oripavine
2638:Nalmexone
2593:Methadone
2573:LS-115509
2453:Etorphine
2443:Eseroline
2288:Butorphan
2149:full list
2058:Lorazepam
2041:Clonidine
2011:Nalmefene
1973:Methadone
1962:+naloxone
1935:Clonidine
1895:Clonidine
1872:Nalmefene
1818:inhibitor
1795:Clonidine
1759:Bupropion
1689:Phase III
1677:Withdrawn
1483:poisoning
1366:Protamine
1246:Nalmefene
1215:see also:
1203:Obidoxime
1188:Biperiden
1175:poisoning
1158:SCH-50911
1110:Ethamivan
1105:Bemegride
1048:Antidotes
738:Skin Deep
687:J-113,397
669:Cyprodime
610:dysphoria
522:Axelopran
505:Naloxegol
495:Alvimopan
468:Nalodeine
419:Nalmefene
377:antidotes
333:methadone
277:sedatives
273:overdosed
250:dysphoria
238:analgesic
5279:Category
5104:Trap-101
5094:SR-16430
5015:SR-16435
4869:(PheΨ(CH
4849:Agonists
4760:Naloxone
4670:Dezocine
4640:Catechin
4595:Apigenin
4524:U-69,593
4317:Morphine
4287:MB-1C-OH
4227:Ketamine
4212:Ibogaine
4177:GR-89696
4167:Fentanyl
4047:BW373U86
3935:Agonists
3925:κ-opioid
3871:Naloxone
3766:Catechin
3741:Apigenin
3680:Tramadol
3665:Thebaine
3575:Morphine
3495:Ibogaine
3465:Fentanyl
3445:DPI-3290
3415:Dezocine
3360:BW373U86
3340:Biphalin
3305:ADL-5859
3278:Agonists
3268:δ-opioid
3194:Naloxone
3119:Lobeline
3104:Ibogaine
3026:Catechin
3006:Apigenin
2875:Tramadol
2870:Tilidine
2855:Thebaine
2825:SC-17599
2795:Propiram
2755:Pericine
2698:OM-3-MNZ
2623:Morphine
2513:Ketamine
2458:Fentanyl
2368:Dezocine
2303:BW373U86
2273:Biphalin
2158:3-HO-PCP
2144:Agonists
2134:μ-opioid
2068:Oxazepam
2053:Diazepam
1946:Ibogaine
1906:Phenibut
1901:Baclofen
1769:Lobeline
1764:Cytisine
1571:Edetates
1556:thallium
1476:Methanol
1401:Succimer
1360:against
1349:against
1314:Glucagon
1256:Naloxone
1241:Doxapram
1193:Diazepam
1183:Atropine
1122:overdose
1097:overdose
1085:Thiamine
977:20125254
969:15876908
934:22934937
926:11448093
891:25635572
842:10602690
799:Fentanyl
780:morphine
776:Naloxone
772:Hannibal
658:medicine
646:toxicity
608:such as
594:euphoria
552:dezocine
489:Marketed
409:Naloxone
403:Marketed
393:euphoria
301:overdose
297:antidote
279:such as
211:Naloxone
204:US penny
200:Fentanyl
121:ATC code
112:Reverse
63:May 2021
5260:Others:
5188:RB-3007
5140:BL-2401
5109:UFP-101
5074:NalBzOH
5069:JTC-801
5010:SR-8993
4947:MT-7716
4897:BU08070
4750:MR-2266
4730:MeJDTic
4660:CVL-354
4630:BU09059
4620:AZ-MTAB
4600:Arodyne
4560:6'-GNTI
4555:5'-GNTI
4514:U-50488
4494:(e.g.,
4342:NalBzOH
4327:MR-2034
4292:Menthol
4282:Matrine
4017:BAM-22P
4012:BAM-18P
4007:BAM-12P
3947:6'-GNTI
3716:5'-NTII
3650:SNC-162
3590:NalBzOH
3510:KNT-127
3440:DPI-221
3375:Codeine
3335:BAM-18P
3325:AZD2327
3290:6'-GNTI
3184:Naloxol
2910:Viminol
2900:U-47700
2885:TRIMU 5
2790:Prodine
2733:OxyPNPH
2648:Neopine
2633:NalBzOH
2603:Metopon
2578:Matrine
2328:Codeine
2278:BU08070
2253:BAM-22P
2248:BAM-18P
2243:BAM-12P
2208:AH-7921
1952:Opioids
1551:mercury
1541:cadmium
1492:Ethanol
1430:nitrite
1362:heparin
1061:Nervous
882:4401318
807:archive
805:). See
328:anxiety
281:alcohol
223:opioids
184:, is a
156:D009292
49:Please
5198:Selank
5183:RB-120
5178:RB-101
5122:Others
5049:AT-076
4942:MCOPPB
4605:AT-076
4451:salvia
4332:N-MPPP
4272:LPK-26
3896:SDM25N
3746:AT-076
3685:TRV250
3645:SNC-80
3515:Kratom
3295:7-SIOM
3011:AT-076
3001:AM-251
2890:TRV734
2785:PL-017
2523:Kratom
2508:IBNtxA
1672:WHO-EM
1638:Emetic
1297:system
1198:Oximes
1063:system
1010:(MeSH)
975:
967:
932:
924:
889:
879:
840:
754:cancer
742:heroin
702:AT-076
600:, and
579:, and
436:only.
351:(MOR)
5203:Semax
4842:(NOP)
4820:UPHIT
4805:RB-64
4745:ML350
4740:ML190
4700:JDTic
4675:DIPPA
4442:RB-64
4197:HS665
4062:CR665
3957:18-MC
3952:8-CAC
3928:(KOR)
3450:DSLET
3435:DPDPE
3385:DADLE
3345:BU-48
3271:(DOR)
3109:JDTic
2971:18-MC
2800:PZM21
2744:opium
2653:NFEPP
2333:DADLE
2137:(MOR)
1584:Other
1380:Other
1052:V03AB
973:S2CID
930:S2CID
733:House
638:JDTic
397:abuse
180:, or
4590:ANTI
4207:HZ-2
3761:BNTX
3044:CTOP
3040:CTAP
1742:N07B
1546:lead
965:PMID
922:PMID
887:PMID
838:PMID
640:and
628:and
612:and
554:are
550:and
387:and
326:and
244:and
225:and
213:and
150:MeSH
126:A06A
4685:ECG
4680:EGC
3796:EGC
3791:ECG
3470:FIT
3074:EGC
3069:ECG
957:doi
914:doi
877:PMC
869:doi
830:doi
736:, "
399:).
355:or
335:or
291:at
283:or
176:An
109:Use
53:to
5281::
5151:D
4506:,
4502:,
4498:,
2032:AA
1926:AA
1886:AA
1816:AD
1786:AA
1685::
971:.
963:.
953:25
951:.
928:.
920:.
910:15
908:.
885:.
875:.
863:.
859:.
836:.
826:42
824:.
596:,
575:,
571:,
567:,
303:.
229:.
192:.
5132::
5043:2
4969:2
4891:2
4883:2
4875:2
4871:2
4863:2
4510:)
4453:)
4449:(
2746:)
2742:(
2151:)
2115:e
2108:t
2101:v
2082:)
2078:(
2070:)
2051:(
2043:)
2039:(
2013:)
2004:(
1964:)
1960:(
1942:)
1933:(
1897:)
1893:(
1797:)
1793:(
1744:)
1740:(
1729:e
1722:t
1715:v
1558:)
1539:(
1478:/
1368:)
1364:(
1357:)
1353:(
1170:/
1054:)
1050:(
1040:e
1033:t
1026:v
979:.
959::
936:.
916::
893:.
871::
865:6
844:.
832::
782:.
76:)
70:(
65:)
61:(
47:.
20:)
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