54:
1695:
33:
851:), and decreasing the overall productivity. Among these conditions, nitrogen deprivation has been one of the most vastly studied. Studies have examined the behaviour of the cultures in nitrogen stress in various culturing set-ups, as well as the physiological and molecular response of the cells to nitrogen deprivation.
846:
cultures must be increased. Fatty acid biosynthesis in N. oceanica was shown to be integrated with the regulation of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, suggesting new genetic engineering or chemical biology approaches for enhanced oil production in microalgae. On the other hand, various culturing
1216:
In 2017, a study jointly funded by ExxonMobil and
Synthetic Genomics achieved a breakthrough in lipid percentages in Nannochloropsis gaditana through applications of the CRISPR-Cas9 reverse-genetics pipeline and nitrogen starving—improving partitioning of total carbon to lipids from 20% (wild type)
1063:
and that the metabolic reorganisation that follows nitrogen deprivation increases the flux of substrates through this pathway, which is in turn capable to sustain the increased metabolic flux. Corteggiani
Carpinelli and coworkers (2013) advance the hypothesis that, in their experimental conditions,
991:
responsible for degradative processes that release ammonium are indeed up regulated. Moreover, the expression of genes coding for proteins involved in controlled degradation of proteins increase, together with others involved in the formation of cytosolic sequestering vesicles used for degradation
221:
was first termed by
Hibberd (1981). The species have mostly been known from the marine environment but also occur in fresh and brackish water. All of the species are small, nonmotile spheres which do not express any distinct morphological features that can be distinguished by either
1022:
cultures grown in normal conditions and nitrogen deprivation for 3 days and 6 days. Data on similar conditions were also collected by
Radakovits et al. (2012) and Vieler et al. (2012). All of this data show that genes involved in
2150:
Rodolfi, L; Zittelli, Chini; et al. (2008). "Microalgae for oil: strain selection, induction of lipid synthesis and outdoor mass cultivation in a low-cost photobioreactor".
975:(L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H ←→ 2 L-glutamate + NADP) are up-regulated . Their up-regulation increases the capability of the cells to assimilate minimal amount of
312:
and there has been evidence that some strains are able to perform homologous recombination. At the moment it is mainly used as an energy-rich food source for fish larvae and
2355:
Ajjawi, Imad; Verruto, John; Aqui, Moena; Soriaga, Leah B; Coppersmith, Jennifer; Kwok, Kathleen; Peach, Luke; Orchard, Elizabeth; Kalb, Ryan (2017). "Lipid production in
403:
393:
373:
1714:"The laboratory environmental algae pond simulator (LEAPS) photobioreactor: Validation using outdoor pond cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana and Nannochloropsis salina"
413:
383:
2202:
to nitrogen starvation includes de novo biosynthesis of triacylglycerols, a decrease of chloroplast galactolipids, and reorganisation of the photosynthetic apparatus"
423:
433:
1947:
Liang, C.; et al. (2012). "De Novo
Sequencing and Global Transcriptome Analysis of Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae) Following Nitrogen Starvation".
810:
synthesis genes and species-specific gene loss, have led to the enormous genetic apparatus for oleaginousness and the wide genomic divergence among present-day
1509:
Boussiba, S.; Vonshak, A.; Cohen, Z.; Avissar, Y.; Richmond, A. (1987). "Lipid and biomass production by the halotolerant microalga
Nannochloropsis salina".
979:
eventually present in the medium and, more importantly, allows them to assimilate the intracellular ammonium that can be released by degradative processes.
847:
conditions were observed to increase the average oil content per cell, supporting however only slow growth rates of the cultures (see the related section
1436:
Kandilian, R.; Lee, E.; Pilon, L. (2013). "Radiation and optical properties of
Nannochloropsis oculata grown under different irradiances and spectra".
154:
2563:
1273:
Hibberd, D. J. (1981). "Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the algal classes
Eustigmatophyceae and Tribophyceae (synonym Xanthophyceae)".
1362:
Andersen, R. A.; Brett, R. W.; et al. (1998). "Phylogeny of the
Eustigmatophyceae based upon 18s rDNA, with emphasis on Nannochloropsis".
1327:
Fawley (2007). "Observations on the
Diversity and Ecology of Freshwater Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae), with Descriptions of New Taxa".
1300:
Hibberd (1981). "Notes on the taxonomy and nomenclature of the algal classes Eustigmatophyceae and Tribophyceae (Synonym Xanthophyceae)".
2196:
Simionato, Diana; Block, Maryse A.; Rocca, Nicoletta La; Jouhet, Juliette; Maréchal, Eric; Finazzi, Giovanni; Morosinotto, Tomas (2013).
1471:
Assaf Sukenik, Y. C. T. B. (1989). "Regulation of fatty acid composition by irradiance level in the Eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis sp".
1635:
Sarker, Pallab K.; Kapuscinski, Anne R.; McKuin, Brandi; Fitzgerald, Devin S.; Nash, Hannah M.; Greenwood, Connor (12 November 2020).
1898:"Genome, Functional Gene Annotation, and Nuclear Transformation of the Heterokont Oleaginous Alga Nannochloropsis oceanica CCMP1779"
2537:
2097:"Regulation of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and its integration with fatty acid biosynthesis in the oleaginous microalga
1712:
Huesemann, M.; Williams, P.; Edmundson, Scott J.; Chen, P.; Kruk, R.; Cullinan, V.; Crowe, B.; Lundquist, T. (September 2017).
963:
and redistribution are activated in the cells in nitrogen scarcity and allow survival through a partial reorganisation of the
823:
2450:
495:
955:
cultivated in normal growth condition and deprived of a nitrogen source continues growing for 4–5 days. The analysis of
1610:
2302:
Li, Jing; Han, Danxiang; Wang, Dongmei; Ning, Kang; Jia, Jing; Wei, Li; Jing, Xiaoyan; Huang, Shi; Chen, Jie (2014).
2589:
2434:
550:
and sulfated fucans and that they are able to store carbon in polymers of β-1,3- and β-1,6-linked glucose called
1780:"Chromosome scale genome assembly and transcriptome profiling of Nannochloropsis gaditana in nitrogen depletion"
744:
292:
is considered a promising alga for industrial applications because of its ability to accumulate high levels of
2426:
2028:
477:
473:
53:
2249:
Dong, HP; Williams, E; Wang, DZ; Xie, ZX; Hsia, RC; Jenck, A; Halden, R; Li, J; Chen, F; Place, AR (2013).
1236:
929:
decreases in the nitrogen depleted cells, but it is still sufficient to drive cell survival and growth. If
848:
325:
523:
content, short intergenic regions and very limited presence of repetitive sequences. The genes of the two
1202:
1190:
686:
353:
293:
337:
2617:
1984:"Identification of lipid and saccharide constituents of whole microalgal cells by 13C solid-state NMR"
1137:
IMET1 grown in nitrogen sufficient and nitrogen depleted media. According to their analysis it is the
2594:
2502:
1637:"Microalgae-blend tilapia feed eliminates fishmeal and fish oil, improves growth, and is cost viable"
1254:
1249:
352:
was first isolated and still grows. A 2020 study suggests it could be used for a highly performant,
1198:
795:
605:
cultures. The comparisons indeed highlighted the presence of an expanded repertoire of some of the
218:
1830:"Draft genome sequence and genetic transformation of the oleaginous alga Nannochloropis gaditana"
1193:
that determines the final oil concentration. In other words, under nitrogen depletion, it is the
1178:
1115:
1073:
2516:
1118:. The authors advance the hypothesis that, in their experimental conditions, the degradation of
782:, and the other six from the eukaryotic host genome. In addition, a large proportion (15.3%) of
2464:
2442:
2406:
488:
2568:
802:. Therefore, multiple genome pooling and horizontal genetic exchange, together with selective
1133:
More recently Li and coworkers (2014) collected extensive experimental data from cultures of
1077:
960:
917:
accumulate and lipid droplets enlarge, other important morphological changes take place. The
763:
270:. In addition they are able to build up a high concentrations of a range of pigments such as
2581:
834:
cells have an oil content of about 30% of their dry weight. This oil can be used to produce
1841:
1650:
1206:
1069:
682:
A research community from Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT
357:
297:
8:
2622:
964:
227:
1845:
1654:
2384:
2332:
2303:
2279:
2250:
2226:
2197:
2175:
2127:
2096:
2072:
2045:
1964:
1924:
1897:
1862:
1829:
1679:
1641:
1636:
1564:
1538:"High-efficiency homologous recombination in the oil-producing alga Nannochloropsis sp"
1537:
1488:
1418:
1313:
1286:
48:
1375:
2576:
2524:
2376:
2337:
2284:
2231:
2167:
2132:
2077:
2005:
1968:
1929:
1867:
1801:
1743:
1735:
1684:
1666:
1611:"Research breakthrough achieves fish-free aquaculture feed that raises key standards"
1569:
1522:
1484:
1453:
1379:
1344:
1154:
1127:
855:
512:
453:
301:
2179:
2022:
Elisa Corteggiani Carpinelli e Nicola Vitulo Unpublished data available through the
1492:
766:, researchers proposed that among the 11 DGAT-2s, one gene might originate from the
720:(CCMP529). They found that the six genomes share key oleaginous traits, such as the
2529:
2388:
2368:
2327:
2319:
2274:
2266:
2221:
2213:
2159:
2122:
2112:
2067:
2057:
1995:
1956:
1919:
1909:
1857:
1849:
1791:
1725:
1674:
1658:
1559:
1549:
1518:
1480:
1449:
1445:
1410:
1371:
1336:
1309:
1282:
1231:
1111:
1085:
1060:
1052:
1044:
914:
907:
899:
891:
871:
676:
449:
223:
1422:
1106:
and deprived of nitrogen. Despite the different experimental conditions, also the
2062:
2032:
2000:
1983:
1914:
1340:
1210:
1048:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1015:
996:
980:
956:
887:
748:
551:
134:
1730:
1713:
1177:) that have to be claimed for increasing the supply of carbon precursors to the
683:
1699:
1662:
1100:
1065:
938:
930:
926:
657:
484:
321:
283:
91:
78:
1960:
1414:
1174:
1055:
accumulate. The general conclusion suggested by the experimental data is that
1014:
Corteggiani Carpinelli and coworkers (2013) report a complete analysis of the
700:
strains (IMET1 and CCMP531) and one strain from each of four other recognized
2611:
2487:
1739:
1670:
1194:
1186:
1181:. Nevertheless, the authors suggest that it isn't the increased synthesis of
1150:
1142:
1004:
942:
895:
879:
827:
333:
316:. Nevertheless, it has raised growing interest also for the investigation of
279:
266:
260:
254:
231:
144:
2359:
is doubled by decreasing expression of a single transcriptional regulator".
1554:
2415:. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway
2380:
2341:
2323:
2288:
2235:
2171:
2136:
2117:
2081:
2009:
1933:
1871:
1805:
1688:
1573:
1457:
1383:
1348:
1119:
918:
783:
779:
771:
626:
622:
610:
483:
genome allows accessing much of the genomic information that concerns this
309:
177:
104:
2270:
2046:"Nannochloropsis Genomes Reveal Evolution of Microalgal Oleaginous Traits"
2550:
2496:
1185:
that leads to accumulation of oil inside the cells, but it is rather the
1081:
1000:
922:
883:
803:
775:
733:
638:
594:
590:
271:
2217:
1796:
1779:
336:
for human nutrition and it is also served at Restaurant "A Poniente" of
2542:
2044:
Wang, Dongmei; Ning, Kang; Li, Jing; et, al.; Xu, Jian (January 2014).
1853:
1226:
1182:
1166:
1158:
1138:
1123:
1107:
1091:
Dong et al. (2013) report a quantification of the abundance of various
1024:
921:
became smaller and the amount of lipids that are characteristic of the
559:
535:
275:
249:
124:
2555:
2163:
1747:
282:. They have a diameter of about 2 to 3 micrometers and a very simple
2511:
2411:
2372:
1170:
1072:
is determinant in increasing the amount of substrates that enter the
972:
839:
835:
767:
756:
740:
721:
668:
586:
567:
563:
547:
543:
487:, moreover dedicated web pages are also available for the genomes of
65:
2458:
894:
in nitrogen depletion is much larger than the decrease in the other
648:
Analysis of the genomic data suggested the presence in both the two
2481:
1162:
1146:
1092:
976:
968:
898:, supporting the hypothesis that the cells actively synthesise new
799:
571:
570:
and of mobile chrysolaminarin, probably accumulated in solution in
515:
were between 28.5 and 29 Mega bases long, they had high density of
235:
862:
were shown to accumulate up to 60–70% of their overall biomass as
671:
of known blue light sensing proteins were found in the genomes of
341:
2023:
1634:
1244:
988:
866:
in nitrogen limitation. In this condition not only the amount of
701:
693:
649:
618:
598:
531:
524:
505:
461:
317:
313:
210:
114:
1536:
Kilian, O.; Benemann, C. S. E.; Niyogi, K. K.; Vick, B. (2011).
286:
with reduced structural elements compared to neighbouring taxa.
1110:
study seems to support the hypothesis that the accumulation of
1035:
is not correlated with the amount of oil accumulated. Also the
946:
903:
875:
867:
863:
520:
1711:
817:
601:
provided some insights into the exemplary lipid production of
1694:
1088:
are produced and accumulated into the cells as oil droplets.
1040:
807:
787:
729:
725:
661:
630:
606:
578:
539:
345:
242:
214:
202:
32:
1508:
1126:
are responsible for the increase of substrates through the
516:
300:
aimed at the genetic improvement of the current oleaginous
206:
2195:
1068:
is the main energy source and the down-regulation of the
555:
2354:
1535:
1114:
is due to an increase of the metabolic flux through the
1031:
biosynthesis are always abundant in the cells and their
870:
changes, but also the composition. It was observed that
558:
analysis of whole algal cells which were cultivated in
296:. Moreover, it shows promising features that can allow
2308:
reveals the mechanisms of oil synthesis in microalgae"
1777:
967:. The genes responsible for the incorporation of free
2255:
IMET1 to long-term nitrogen starvation and recovery"
2248:
874:largely increase in nitrogen depletion while other
1988:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes
1591:sp. nov., a new Eustigmatophyceae marina strain".
2304:"Choreography of transcriptomes and lipidomes of
1435:
937:cells stop growing, indicating that they rely on
2609:
1778:Corteggiani Carpinelli, E.; et al. (2013).
2149:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1401:as source of commercially valuable pigments".
2301:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1470:
1361:
822:When cultured in normal growth conditions in
2191:
2189:
2043:
1529:
751:(TAG) synthesis. There are 13 DGAT genes in
1754:
1165:; the PDHC bypass, which yields additional
902:rather than just transforming the existing
818:Accumulation of oil in nitrogen deprivation
542:for the synthesis and incorporation in the
2404:
1827:
1812:
1504:
1502:
1084:are synthesised and as a consequence more
712:(CCMP526, which was previously reported),
448:The scientific community has obtained the
31:
2331:
2278:
2225:
2186:
2126:
2116:
2071:
2061:
1999:
1923:
1913:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1861:
1795:
1729:
1678:
1563:
1553:
1390:
747:(DGAT), which catalyzes the last step of
348:) close to the natural environment where
230:. The characterisation is mostly done by
1429:
1302:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1275:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2143:
1499:
1355:
1299:
1272:
1070:metabolic activity of the mitochondrion
2610:
2025:Nannochloropsis gaditana genome portal
2016:
1981:
1975:
1895:
1878:
1586:
1580:
1464:
1396:
1326:
1293:
992:and recycling of cellular components.
939:photosynthetic solar energy conversion
368:The species currently recognised are:
2463:
2462:
1946:
1940:
1320:
890:, slightly decrease. The increase in
2242:
1828:Radakovits, R.; et al. (2012).
1397:Lubian, L. M.; et al. (2000). "
562:reports evidence of the presence of
443:
1982:Arnold, A. A.; et al. (2014).
1399:Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae)
1011:in response to nitrogen depletion.
13:
2438:latest news and scientific reports
2295:
2094:
1314:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00954.x
1287:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1981.tb00954.x
14:
2634:
2405:Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. (2008).
2398:
1047:degradation is not significantly
378:Fawley, Jameson & Fawley 2015
2152:Biotechnology and Bioengineering
1896:Vieler, A.; et al. (2012).
1693:
1485:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1989.00686.x
739:. The most prominent example of
52:
43:viewed under a light microscope
2348:
2088:
2037:
1705:
1628:
1603:
1179:fatty acid biosynthetic pathway
1116:fatty acid biosynthetic pathway
1074:fatty acid biosynthetic pathway
641:which seems to be exclusive of
633:remodeling, were identified in
1450:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.058
1266:
830:, supplemented with nitrogen,
745:Diacylglycerol acyltransferase
637:, many of them belonging to a
1:
1376:10.1016/S1434-4610(98)70010-0
1260:
1173:reactions with mitochondrial
1153:of genes assigned to various
689:, sequenced and compared six
2063:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004094
2001:10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.07.017
1915:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003064
1542:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
1523:10.1016/0144-4565(87)90006-0
1403:Journal of Applied Phycology
1341:10.1016/j.protis.2007.03.003
1209:, that leads to accelerated
1191:assembly of triacylglycerols
959:reveals that mechanisms for
849:Nannochloropsis and biofuels
326:Nannochloropsis and biofuels
7:
1731:10.1016/j.algal.2017.06.017
1220:
1099:grown with a supplement of
987:cultures show that various
826:, a standard algal culture
755:, representing the highest
687:Chinese Academy of Sciences
527:share extended similarity.
294:polyunsaturated fatty acids
10:
2639:
2105:Biotechnology for Biofuels
1663:10.1038/s41598-020-75289-x
1201:level of the key genes in
983:data of nitrogen-deprived
625:metabolism through either
363:
248:differ from other related
2471:
1961:10.1007/s12155-012-9269-0
1255:Energy content of biofuel
1250:Sustainable aviation fuel
1217:to 40-45% (mutant type).
1189:of genes involved in the
1122:and the up-regulation of
428:(Droop 1955) Hibberd 1981
418:Suda & Miyashita 2002
404:Nannochloropsis limnetica
398:Karlson & Potter 1996
394:Nannochloropsis granulata
374:Nannochloropsis australis
189:(Droop 1955) Hibberd 1981
183:
176:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
2452:Nannochloropsis oceanica
2444:Nannochloropsis gaditana
2428:Nannochloropsis gaditana
2357:Nannochloropsis gaditana
2253:Nannochloropsis oceanica
2200:Nannochloropsis gaditana
2099:Nannochloropsis oceanica
2095:Lu; et al. (2014).
1589:Nannochloropsis gaditana
1207:fatty acids biosynthesis
1203:triacylglycerol assembly
1161:pathway, which produces
1059:constitutively produces
925:decrease significantly.
923:photosynthetic membranes
796:horizontal gene transfer
762:Through a comprehensive
414:Nannochloropsis oceanica
384:Microchloropsis gaditana
350:Nannochloropsis gaditana
338:El Puerto de Santa María
322:photosynthetic organisms
219:taxonomic classification
1587:Lubian, L. M. (1982). "
1555:10.1073/pnas.1105861108
1415:10.1023/A:1008170915932
1205:, rather than those in
1135:Nannochloropsis oculata
577:Comparison between the
424:Nannochloropsis oculata
185:Nannochloropsis oculata
2324:10.1105/tpc.113.121418
2118:10.1186/1754-6834-7-81
1438:Bioresource Technology
1169:; and the coupling of
838:. In order to produce
724:expansion of selected
434:Nannochloropsis salina
332:is actually in use as
2271:10.1104/pp.113.214320
1007:is down regulated in
961:nitrogen assimilation
933:is inhibited indeed,
842:, the oil content of
786:biosynthesis related
764:phylogenetic analysis
304:. Various species of
209:comprising six known
2361:Nature Biotechnology
1473:Journal of Phycology
1080:are available, more
927:Photosynthetic yield
677:circadian regulation
675:suggesting possible
534:revealed that these
530:The analysis of the
408:Krienitz et al. 2000
358:feed for farmed fish
298:genetic manipulation
258:and completely lack
2218:10.1128/EC.00363-12
1994:(1 Pt B): 369–377.
1846:2012NatCo...3..686R
1655:2020NatSR..1019328S
1548:(52): 21265–21269.
965:cellular metabolism
621:, which can affect
581:metabolic genes of
238:sequence analysis.
228:electron microscopy
2031:2013-10-29 at the
1854:10.1038/ncomms1688
1642:Scientific Reports
1149:together with the
949:as energy source.
941:and not on stored
770:related secondary
759:in known genomes.
660:and in particular
560:autotrophic growth
252:in that they have
2618:Ochrophyte genera
2605:
2604:
2577:Open Tree of Life
2465:Taxon identifiers
2454:CCMP1779 web page
2407:"Nannochloropsis"
2198:"The response of
2164:10.1002/bit.22033
1797:10.1093/mp/sst120
995:The machinery of
790:were acquired by
696:that include two
574:inside the cell.
508:of the sequenced
460:belonging to two
444:Sequenced genomes
439:
429:
419:
409:
399:
389:
379:
241:The algae of the
194:
193:
172:
171:D.J.Hibberd, 1981
135:Eustigmatophyceae
2630:
2598:
2597:
2585:
2584:
2572:
2571:
2559:
2558:
2546:
2545:
2533:
2532:
2520:
2519:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2460:
2459:
2446:CCMP526 web page
2423:
2421:
2420:
2393:
2392:
2373:10.1038/nbt.3865
2352:
2346:
2345:
2335:
2318:(4): 1645–1665.
2299:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2265:(2): 1110–1126.
2259:Plant Physiology
2246:
2240:
2239:
2229:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2041:
2035:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1927:
1917:
1908:(11): e1003064.
1893:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1825:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1775:
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1409:(3/5): 249–255.
1394:
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1387:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1270:
1232:Planktonic algae
1112:triacylglycerols
1086:triacylglycerols
1061:triacylglycerols
1053:triacylglycerols
1045:triacylglycerols
915:triacylglycerols
908:triacylglycerols
900:triacylglycerols
892:triacylglycerols
872:triacylglycerols
450:genomic sequence
437:
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417:
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320:production from
170:
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35:
21:
20:
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2503:Nannochloropsis
2501:
2500:
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2480:
2473:Nannochloropsis
2467:
2436:Nannochloropsis
2418:
2416:
2401:
2396:
2353:
2349:
2306:Nannochloropsis
2300:
2296:
2247:
2243:
2206:Eukaryotic Cell
2194:
2187:
2148:
2144:
2093:
2089:
2056:(1): e1004094.
2042:
2038:
2033:Wayback Machine
2021:
2017:
1980:
1976:
1945:
1941:
1894:
1879:
1826:
1813:
1784:Molecular Plant
1776:
1755:
1710:
1706:
1633:
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1356:
1325:
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1298:
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1271:
1267:
1263:
1238:Nannochloropsis
1223:
1211:triacylglycerol
1157:(the cytosolic
1104:
1097:Nannochloropsis
1095:in cultures of
1057:Nannochloropsis
1029:triacylglycerol
1020:Nannochloropsis
1016:gene expression
1009:Nannochloropsis
997:gene expression
985:Nannochloropsis
957:gene expression
953:Nannochloropsis
935:Nannochloropsis
888:diacylglycerols
878:, mainly polar
860:Nannochloropsis
844:Nannochloropsis
832:Nannochloropsis
820:
812:Nannochloropsis
792:Nannochloropsis
753:Nannochloropsis
749:triacylglycerol
691:Nannochloropsis
673:Nannochloropsis
654:Nannochloropsis
643:Nannochloropsis
635:Nannochloropsis
629:degradation or
615:Nannochloropsis
603:Nannochloropsis
552:chrysolaminarin
510:Nannochloropsis
458:Nannochloropsis
446:
366:
330:Nannochloropsis
306:Nannochloropsis
290:Nannochloropsis
246:Nannochloropsis
217:in the current
198:Nannochloropsis
190:
187:
169:
166:Nannochloropsis
155:Monodopsidaceae
51:
41:Nannochloropsis
25:Nannochloropsis
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2399:External links
2397:
2395:
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2367:(7): 647–652.
2347:
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2251:"Responses of
2241:
2212:(5): 665–676.
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2015:
1974:
1955:(2): 494–505.
1939:
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1718:Algal Research
1704:
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1120:storage sugars
1102:
1066:photosynthesis
1049:down-regulated
981:Transcriptomic
931:photosynthesis
819:
816:
716:(CCMP525) and
658:regulatory RNA
485:micro-organism
445:
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2050:PLOS Genetics
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1323:
1315:
1311:
1308:(2): 93–119.
1307:
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1284:
1281:(2): 93–119.
1280:
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1195:up-regulation
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1187:up-regulation
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1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
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1151:up-regulation
1148:
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1143:carbohydrates
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1038:
1034:
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1005:mitochondrion
1002:
998:
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
948:
944:
943:carbohydrates
940:
936:
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920:
916:
911:
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:glycerolipids
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:glycerolipids
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
845:
841:
837:
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829:
828:growth medium
825:
815:
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793:
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777:
773:
769:
765:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:expansion is
742:
738:
737:Chlamydomonas
735:
731:
728:biosynthesis
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
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692:
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541:
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533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
502:
500:
498:
493:
491:
486:
482:
480:
476:based on the
475:
474:genome portal
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:of different
451:
436:
435:
431:
426:
425:
421:
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396:
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369:
361:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
334:food additive
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:transfectable
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
285:
281:
280:canthaxanthin
277:
273:
269:
268:
267:chlorophyll c
263:
262:
261:chlorophyll b
257:
256:
255:chlorophyll a
251:
247:
244:
239:
237:
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186:
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145:Eustigmatales
143:
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139:
136:
133:
130:
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126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
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110:
109:
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105:Stramenopiles
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
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84:
83:
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74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
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50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2472:
2451:
2443:
2435:
2427:
2417:. Retrieved
2410:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2297:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2244:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2108:
2104:
2098:
2090:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2024:
2018:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1952:
1948:
1942:
1905:
1901:
1837:
1833:
1787:
1783:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1649:(1): 19328.
1646:
1640:
1630:
1618:. Retrieved
1614:
1605:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1514:
1510:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1370:(1): 61–74.
1367:
1363:
1357:
1332:
1328:
1322:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1240:and biofuels
1237:
1215:
1213:production.
1134:
1132:
1096:
1090:
1056:
1043:involved in
1019:
1013:
1008:
994:
984:
952:
951:
934:
919:chloroplasts
912:
859:
853:
843:
831:
821:
811:
791:
780:endosymbiont
774:, four from
772:endosymbiont
761:
752:
736:
732:compared to
718:N. granulata
717:
713:
709:
705:
697:
690:
681:
672:
666:
653:
647:
642:
634:
614:
613:assembly in
609:involved in
602:
582:
576:
538:have set of
529:
509:
503:
496:
489:
478:
469:
465:
457:
447:
438:Hibberd 1981
432:
422:
412:
402:
392:
382:
372:
367:
349:
329:
305:
289:
288:
265:
259:
253:
245:
240:
197:
196:
195:
184:
178:Type species
165:
164:
125:Ochrophytina
98:
85:
72:
40:
24:
18:
2551:iNaturalist
2497:Wikispecies
1183:fatty acids
1175:β-oxidation
1082:fatty acids
1001:chloroplast
884:fatty acids
804:inheritance
798:(HGT) from
776:green algae
734:green algae
710:N. gaditana
708:(CCMP537),
698:N. oceanica
639:gene family
619:TAG lipases
617:. Numerous
595:brown algae
583:N. gaditana
497:N. oceanica
490:N. gaditana
479:N. gaditana
470:N. oceanica
466:N. gaditana
388:Lubián 1982
354:sustainable
308:indeed are
272:astaxanthin
121:Subphylum:
2623:Ochrophyta
2612:Categories
2419:2009-02-21
2312:Plant Cell
1902:PLOS Genet
1840:(2): 686.
1834:Nat Commun
1620:9 December
1599:: 287–293.
1261:References
1227:Microalgae
1199:transcript
1167:acetyl-CoA
1159:glycolysis
1139:catabolism
1124:glycolysis
1078:precursors
1076:. If more
1037:expression
1033:expression
1025:fatty acid
824:f/2 medium
714:N. oculata
536:microalgae
519:, reduced
356:fish-free
276:zeaxanthin
250:microalgae
2512:AlgaeBase
2412:AlgaeBase
1969:207395605
1740:2211-9264
1724:: 39–46.
1700:CC BY 4.0
1671:2045-2322
1517:: 37–47.
1444:: 63–73.
1108:proteomic
973:glutamate
840:biodiesel
836:biodiesel
768:red algae
757:gene dose
741:gene dose
722:gene dose
706:N. salina
669:orthologs
568:cell wall
564:cellulose
548:cellulose
544:cell wall
232:rbcL gene
66:Eukaryota
2482:Wikidata
2381:28628130
2342:24692423
2289:23637339
2236:23457191
2180:28285869
2172:18683258
2137:24920959
2082:24415958
2029:Archived
2010:25065670
1934:23166516
1872:22353717
1806:23966634
1689:33184333
1615:phys.org
1574:22123974
1493:84590502
1458:23587810
1384:23196114
1349:17576099
1221:See also
1163:pyruvate
1155:pathways
1147:proteins
1093:proteins
977:ammonium
969:ammonium
854:Various
800:bacteria
778:related
667:Various
572:vacuoles
499:CCMP1779
314:rotifers
236:18S rRNA
151:Family:
111:Phylum:
62:Domain:
2569:1083484
2543:3201505
2488:Q586679
2389:8175045
2333:4036577
2280:3668043
2227:3647774
2128:4052811
2073:3886936
1925:3499364
1863:3293424
1842:Bibcode
1748:1581797
1680:7665073
1651:Bibcode
1593:Lazaroa
1565:3248512
1511:Biomass
1364:Protist
1329:Protist
1245:Biofuel
1197:of the
1128:pathway
1039:of the
989:enzymes
882:, free
856:strains
702:species
694:genomes
650:species
599:diatoms
585:and of
566:in the
532:genomes
525:species
513:strains
506:genomes
492:CCMP526
462:species
454:strains
364:Species
324:. (see
318:biofuel
302:strains
211:species
161:Genus:
141:Order:
131:Class:
115:Gyrista
2595:345489
2582:694370
2556:959283
2387:
2379:
2340:
2330:
2287:
2277:
2234:
2224:
2178:
2170:
2135:
2125:
2111:: 81.
2080:
2070:
2008:
1967:
1932:
1922:
1870:
1860:
1804:
1746:
1738:
1687:
1677:
1669:
1572:
1562:
1491:
1456:
1423:620002
1421:
1382:
1347:
947:lipids
913:While
904:lipids
876:lipids
868:lipids
864:lipids
521:intron
213:. The
2590:WoRMS
2564:IRMNG
2530:7PPQD
2517:44568
2385:S2CID
2176:S2CID
1965:S2CID
1489:S2CID
1419:S2CID
1041:genes
971:into
906:into
814:spp.
808:lipid
788:genes
730:genes
726:lipid
662:miRNA
631:lipid
607:genes
591:green
579:lipid
554:. An
540:genes
517:genes
346:Spain
342:Cádiz
243:genus
224:light
215:genus
207:algae
203:genus
201:is a
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
2538:GBIF
2377:PMID
2338:PMID
2285:PMID
2232:PMID
2168:PMID
2133:PMID
2078:PMID
2006:PMID
1992:1848
1930:PMID
1868:PMID
1802:PMID
1744:OSTI
1736:ISSN
1685:PMID
1667:ISSN
1622:2020
1570:PMID
1454:PMID
1380:PMID
1345:PMID
1145:and
1027:and
1003:and
886:and
794:via
597:and
504:The
494:and
481:B-31
472:. A
468:and
278:and
264:and
234:and
2525:CoL
2369:doi
2328:PMC
2320:doi
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