2445:
2002:
1213:(i.e. names). An identifier defined in a namespace is associated only with that namespace. The same identifier can be independently defined in multiple namespaces. That is, an identifier defined in one namespace may or may not have the same meaning as the same identifier defined in another namespace. Languages that support namespaces specify the rules that determine to which namespace an identifier (not its definition) belongs.
2016:, namespaces are defined by the individual modules, and since modules can be contained in hierarchical packages, then namespaces are hierarchical too. In general when a module is imported then the names defined in the module are defined via that module's namespace, and are accessed in from the calling modules by using the fully qualified name.
1217:
Bill works for company X and Jane works for company Y, then it is not a problem for each of them to be employee #123. In this analogy, the ID number is the identifier, and the company serves as the namespace. It does not cause problems for the same identifier to identify a different person in each namespace.
64:
where each person has a given name, as well as a family name shared with their relatives. If the first names of family members are unique only within each family, then each person can be uniquely identified by the combination of first name and family name; there is only one Jane Doe, though there may
2137:
which imports all names defined in the named package directly in the calling module's namespace. Use of this form of import, although supported within the language, is generally discouraged as it pollutes the namespace of the calling module and will cause already defined names to be overwritten in
1216:
This concept can be illustrated with an analogy. Imagine that two companies, X and Y, each assign ID numbers to their employees. X should not have two employees with the same ID number, and likewise for Y; but it is not a problem for the same ID number to be used at both companies. For example, if
2203:, the XML namespace specification enables the names of elements and attributes in an XML document to be unique, similar to the role of namespaces in programming languages. Using XML namespaces, XML documents may contain element or attribute names from more than one XML vocabulary.
2725:
What are namespaces? In the broadest definition, namespaces are a way of encapsulating items. This can be seen as an abstract concept in many places. For example, in any operating system directories serve to group related files, and act as a namespace for the files within
647:
Delegation of responsibilities between parties is important in real-world applications, such as the structure of the World Wide Web. Namespaces allow delegation of identifier assignment to multiple name issuing organisations whilst retaining global uniqueness. A central
1847:
Namespaces are heavily used in C# language. All .NET Framework classes are organized in namespaces, to be used more clearly and to avoid chaos. Furthermore, custom namespaces are extensively used by programmers, both to organize their work and to avoid
1242:
support namespaces. Storage devices use directories (or folders) as namespaces. This allows two files with the same name to be stored on the device so long as they are stored in different directories. In some programming languages (e.g.
2517:
In languages with restricted identifier length, the use of prefixes limits the number of characters that can be used to identify what the function does. This is a particular problem for packages originally written in
857:
in computer science) to a name, and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. However, the context of a name may also be provided by other factors, such as the location where it occurs or the syntax of the name.
987:
As well as its abstract language technical usage as described above, some languages have a specific keyword used for explicit namespace control, amongst other uses. Below is an example of a namespace in C++:
656:. Each namespace name is allocated to an organisation which is subsequently responsible for the assignment of names in their allocated namespace. This organisation may be a name issuing organisation that
2530:
function indicates that it operates on double-precision numbers ("D") and general matrices ("GE"), and only the last two characters show what it actually does: matrix-matrix multiplication (the "MM").
2700:
A namespace is nothing but a group of assemblies, classes, or types. A namespace acts as a container—like a disk folder—for classes organized into groups usually based on functionality. C# namespace
1753:. All code belongs to a package, although that package need not be explicitly named. Code from other packages is accessed by prefixing the package name before the appropriate identifier, for example
1783:
Unlike C++, namespaces in Java are not hierarchical as far as the syntax of the language is concerned. However, packages are named in a hierarchical manner. For example, all packages beginning with
2759:, and annotation types. Enumerations and annotation types are special kinds of classes and interfaces, respectively, so types are often referred to in this lesson simply as classes and interfaces.
65:
be many Janes. Within the namespace of the Doe family, just "Jane" suffices to unambiguously designate this person, while within the "global" namespace of all people, the full name must be used.
1721:. Although namespaces are used extensively in recent C++ code, most older code does not use this facility because it did not exist in early versions of the language. For example, the entire
1733:
directive to bypass namespace resolution requirements and obtain backwards compatibility with older code that expects all identifiers to be in the global namespace. However the use of the
2925:
For instance, , to access the built-in input-output (I/O) classes and members, use the System.IO namespace. Or, to access Web-related classes and members, use the System.Web namespace.
2078:
statement can be used to insert the relevant names directly into the calling module's namespace, and those names can be accessed from the calling module without the qualified name:
1228:) provide a mechanism for hiding local identifiers. They provide a means of grouping logically related identifiers into corresponding namespaces, thereby making the system more
924:
As a rule, names in a namespace cannot have more than one meaning; that is, different meanings cannot share the same name in the same namespace. A namespace is also called a
53:) that are used to identify and refer to objects of various kinds. A namespace ensures that all of a given set of objects have unique names so that they can be easily
2650:
Adya, Atul; Bolosky, William; Castro, Miguel; Cermak, Gerald; Chaiken, Ronnie; Douceur, John; Howell, Jon; Lorch, Jacob; Theimer, Marvin; Wattenhofer, Roger (2002).
2684:
1609:
Within this block, identifiers can be used exactly as they are declared. Outside of this block, the namespace specifier must be prefixed. For example, outside of
1251:), the identifiers naming namespaces are themselves associated with an enclosing namespace. Thus, in these languages namespaces can nest, forming a namespace
3053:
123:
organize files in directories. Each directory is a separate namespace, so that the directories "letters" and "invoices" may both contain a file "to_jane".
2514:
Compound or "query-based" operations on groups of identifiers, based on the namespaces in which they are declared, are rendered unwieldy or unfeasible.
3039:
253:
The following XML distinguishes between information about the HTML table and furniture by prefixing "h" and "f" at the beginning of the elements.
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2905:
2444:
157:
Element names are defined by the developer. This often results in a conflict when trying to mix XML documents from different XML applications.
679:
A hierarchy is recursive if the syntax for the namespace names is the same for each subdelegation. An example of a recursive hierarchy is the
921:. In an operating system, an example of namespace is a directory. Each name in a directory uniquely identifies one file or subdirectory.
2467:
often use a fixed prefix for all functions and variables that are part of their exposed interface. Libpng exposes identifiers such as:
130:, namespaces are typically employed for the purpose of grouping symbols and identifiers around a particular functionality and to avoid
2001:
1799:
822:
60:
Namespaces are commonly structured as hierarchies to allow reuse of names in different contexts. As an analogy, consider a system of
2672:
The primary construct established by a file system is a hierarchical directory namespace, which is the logical repository for files.
970:, identifiers that appear in namespaces have a short (local) name and a unique long "qualified" name for use outside the namespace.
1852:. When referencing a class, one should specify either its fully qualified name, which means namespace followed by the class name,
362:
2602:
1663:
These identifiers can be used exactly as they are declared, or, since the global namespace is unnamed, the namespace specifier
1793:
1737:
directive for reasons other than backwards compatibility (e.g., convenience) is considered to be against good code practices.
2747:
A package is a grouping of related types providing access protection and name space management. Note that types refers to
2504:
It doesn't scale well to nested namespaces; identifiers become excessively long since all uses of the identifiers must be
755:
730:
691:
2455:
In programming languages lacking language support for namespaces, namespaces can be emulated to some extent by using an
2607:
798:
775:
578:
928:, because the same name in different namespaces can have different meanings, each one appropriate for its namespace.
832:
605:
2511:
Individuals or organizations may use inconsistent naming conventions, potentially introducing unwanted obfuscation.
2474:
1729:, but before standardization many components were originally in the global namespace. A programmer can insert the
2868:
2807:
2616:
918:
1224:
or documents it is common to have hundreds or thousands of identifiers. Namespaces (or a similar technique, see
318:
A name in a namespace consists of a namespace name and a local name. The namespace name is usually applied as a
2701:
2631:
2621:
1811:
326:
1647:
Identifiers that are not explicitly declared within a namespace are considered to be in the global namespace.
3005:
2013:
1777:
1248:
899:
887:
2130:
Since this directly imports names (without qualification) it can overwrite existing names with no warnings.
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2582:
2456:
3072:
1746:
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to be accessed. C++ includes another construct that makes this verbosity unnecessary. By adding the line
967:
77:
2738:
1822:). How specific these categories are and how deep the hierarchies go differ from language to language.
1807:
882:
653:
17:
2664:
1835:
can be viewed as implicit namespaces that are inextricably linked with visibility, accessibility, and
483:
2913:
2587:
815:
804:
791:
743:
553:
319:
109:
1920:
statement. This, eliminates the need to mention the complete name of all classes in that namespace.
2538:
No special software tools are required to locate names in source-code files. A simple program like
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1829:
1273:
1229:
854:
2215:
from version 5.3 onwards. Naming collision of classes, functions and variables can be avoided. In
113:
1825:
1722:
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Namespace resolution in C++ is hierarchical. This means that within the hypothetical namespace
661:
649:
146:
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365:
is used to decide which (if any) particular name is alluded to by some particular local name.
2752:
2716:
2577:
2567:
2083:# assume Modulea defines two functions : func1() and func2() and one class : Class1
2021:# assume modulea defines two functions : func1() and func2() and one class : Class1
1252:
948:
750:
724:
702:, an identifier for the book The Logic of Scientific Discovery by Karl Popper, 10th edition.
687:
515:
120:
2497:) reserve the first few letters of a function's name to indicate which group it belongs to.
1814:, and others), namespaces/packages express semantic categories of code. For example, in C#,
2882:
2821:
2653:
FARSITE: Federated, Available, and
Reliable Storage for an Incompletely Trusted Environment
2505:
1769:
1239:
960:
944:
235:
If these XML fragments were added together, there would be a name conflict. Both contain a
127:
73:
2858:
2797:
8:
1832:
1772:). Like C++, Java offers a construct that makes it unnecessary to type the package name (
1235:
925:
97:
28:
862:
Examples of naming systems with local and global scope, and with and without namespaces
2592:
1205:) is an abstract container or environment created to hold a logical grouping of unique
904:
142:
89:
3047:
2959:"Namespaces allow to group entities like classes, objects and functions under a name"
657:
198:
2958:
977:) combine namespaces and names for internal use in the compiler in a process called
2872:
2811:
2548:
There is no need for name-mangling, and thus no potential incompatibility problems.
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1849:
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940:
760:
735:
699:
393:
138:
105:
85:
32:
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as a way of providing an alias or alternative name for use by the calling module:
3028:"in general the practice of importing * from a module or package is frowned upon"
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1836:
2979:
2885:
2862:
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2801:
999:// This is how one brings a name into the current scope. In this case, it's
2612:
2559:
2522:, which offered only 6 characters per identifier. For example, the name of the
1819:
131:
672:
A naming scheme that allows subdelegation of namespaces to third parties is a
521:
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2626:
2194:
2125:# this will fail as an undefined name, as will the full name Modulea.Class1()
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979:
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which further delegates parts of their namespace to different organisations.
537:
457:
2110:# this will fail as an undefined name, as will the full name Modulea.func2()
1750:
840:
499:
61:
2938:"A namespace is "a logical grouping of the names used within a program.""
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680:
569:
409:
69:
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png_create_write_struct png_get_signature png_read_row png_set_invalid
1206:
629:
dbr (previously declared ontology, e.g. by specifying @prefix dbr: <
161:
81:
54:
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2877:
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1760:
956:
768:
441:
42:
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Symp. on
Operating Systems Design and Implementation. Archived from
2316:
We can reference a PHP namespace with the following different ways:
2844:
2562:
93:
2571:
2519:
2486:
952:
936:
917:
For many programming languages, namespace is a context for their
250:
Name conflicts in XML can easily be avoided using a name prefix.
101:
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are unique and can therefore be used in larger programs without
526:
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630:
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element, but the elements have different content and meaning.
2336:# Option 1: directly prefix the class name with the namespace
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974:
827:
769:
International
Standard Book Numbers as Uniform Resource Names
242:
An XML parser will not know how to handle these differences.
2539:
2523:
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contains core classes specifically relating to reflection.
112:
resources by isolated namespaces to support virtualization
1780:) require the programmer to use the fully qualified name.
2216:
2212:
2200:
1277:
1272:
It is possible to use anonymous structs as namespaces in
1201:
A namespace in computer science (sometimes also called a
780:
935:
Names in the namespace can represent objects as well as
2649:
134:
between multiple identifiers that share the same name.
2856:
2770:
2414:# Access the properties and methods with regular way
931:Following are other characteristics of namespaces:
2864:Functional Requirements for Uniform Resource Names
1196:
2219:, a namespace is defined with a namespace block.
1581:, a namespace is defined with a namespace block.
3064:
3052:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2485:. Likewise, many packages originally written in
471:xhtml (previously declared XML namespace xhtml="
3026:https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html
1717:Namespaces in C++ are most often used to avoid
145:organizes websites (and other resources) into
2381:# Option 2a: import & alias the namespace
686:An example of a non-recursive hierarchy are
425:
27:For the use of namespaces in Knowledge, see
3042:. Archived from the original on 2016-07-09.
1797:contains classes core to the language, and
912:
2859:"Requirements for functional capabilities"
2771:XML Core Working Group (8 December 2009).
1818:contains code provided by the system (the
1262:
1255:. At the root of this tree is the unnamed
68:Prominent examples for namespaces include
2876:
2815:
1749:, the idea of a namespace is embodied in
1714:, an identifier in the global namespace.
1225:
848:
361:When local names are used by themselves,
31:. For a feature of the Linux kernel, see
2857:Sollins & Masinter (December 1994).
2302:'Hello world, from function bar'
2269:'Hello world, from function foo'
3037:
2773:"Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition)"
2477:provides reasonable assurance that the
2450:
14:
3065:
2603:Identity (object-oriented programming)
2545:There are no namespace name conflicts.
2500:This technique has several drawbacks:
1776:). However, certain features (such as
973:Some compilers (for languages such as
853:A namespace name may provide context (
245:
2795:
959:, or an artificial language (e.g., a
698:Hierarchical namespace breakdown for
197:This XML carries information about a
72:, which assign names to files. Some
2133:A special form of the statement is
1002:// bringing them into global scope.
756:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
731:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
692:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
92:assign names to resources, such as
24:
2717:"An overview of namespaces in PHP"
2608:Library of Congress Classification
799:International Standard Book Number
776:International Article Number (EAN)
654:assigned namespace names allocated
579:organizationally unique identifier
237:<table>...</table>
38:Container for a set of identifiers
25:
3084:
1694:doesn't exist, it then refers to
374:Examples of names in a namespace
152:
2443:
2354:# Option 2: import the namespace
2211:Namespaces were introduced into
2188:
2000:
313:
3031:
3019:
2998:
2972:
2951:
2930:
2871:. p. 3. sec. 2.
2810:. p. 1. sec. 2.
2704:allows namespaces to be nested.
2687:. C# Online Net. Archived from
2617:astronomical naming conventions
1640:to a piece of code, the prefix
1197:Computer-science considerations
529:(National Bibliography Numbers)
3006:"Python Scopes and Namespaces"
2940:. Webopedia.com. 10 April 2002
2898:
2850:
2837:
2789:
2764:
2731:
2709:
2677:
2643:
2632:Argument-dependent name lookup
2622:Violation of abstraction level
2534:There are several advantages:
2330:"phpstar/foobar.php"
1667:can be prefixed. For example,
828:Agentur fĂĽr Buchmarktstandards
13:
1:
2906:"C# FAQ: What is a namespace"
2739:"Creating and Using Packages"
2685:"C# FAQ: What is a namespace"
2637:
900:Universally unique identifier
888:Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
642:
548:1000/182 (handle local name)
201:(i.e. a piece of furniture):
2986:. Python Software Foundation
2583:Dewey Decimal Classification
2457:identifier naming convention
667:
631:http://dbpedia.org/resource/
545:10 (handle naming authority)
473:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
464:http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
7:
2552:
1993:are classes defined within
368:
10:
3089:
2192:
2138:the case of name clashes.
1770:fully qualified class name
941:natural or ethnic language
883:Vehicle registration plate
761:urn:isbn:978-3-16-148410-0
736:urn:isbn:978-3-16-148410-0
700:urn:isbn:978-3-16-148410-0
507:java.util (Java namespace)
327:augmented Backus–Naur form
26:
2588:Digital object identifier
2506:fully namespace-qualified
2224:# File phpstar/foobar.php
2007:
968:Java programming language
816:German-speaking countries
805:International ISBN Agency
554:Digital object identifier
449:US (country or territory)
417:example.com (domain name)
121:hierarchical file systems
2796:Moats, Ryan (May 1997).
2318:
2221:
2147:
2080:
2018:
1946:"Hello World!"
1922:
1875:"Hello World!"
1854:
1649:
1623:
1583:
1282:
990:
913:In programming languages
584:67-89-ab (NIC specific)
331:
255:
203:
166:
3040:"Why I Hate Namespaces"
1981:In the above examples,
1740:
1263:Use in common languages
660:themselves, or another
420:www (leaf domain name)
404:readme.txt (file name)
147:hierarchical namespaces
2206:
1768:(this is known as the
1764:can be referred to as
1572:
849:Namespace versus scope
674:hierarchical namespace
662:Registration authority
650:Registration authority
401:/home/user (directory)
2578:Chemical nomenclature
2568:Binomial nomenclature
2141:Python also supports
1842:
1644:is no longer needed.
1240:programming languages
949:technical terminology
939:, be the namespace a
823:German publisher code
725:Uniform Resource Name
688:Uniform Resource Name
522:urn:nbn:fi-fe19991055
516:Uniform Resource Name
398:/home/user/readme.txt
74:programming languages
2451:Emulating namespaces
1985:is a namespace, and
1723:C++ Standard Library
1671:can also be written
1483:"helper.h"
1267:
1236:Data storage devices
1226:Emulating namespaces
961:programming language
945:constructed language
751:Formal URN namespace
744:Formal URN namespace
128:computer programming
104:, and remote files.
2984:The Python Tutorial
2916:on October 20, 2013
2076:from ... import ...
1700:food::soup::chicken
1692:food::soup::chicken
1688:food::soup::chicken
951:of a profession, a
869:Without a namespace
863:
703:
561:10.1000 (publisher)
491:$ DBI (Perl module)
433:std (C++ namespace)
375:
322:to the local name.
289:MahoganyCoffeeTable
246:Solution via prefix
211:MahoganyCoffeeTable
90:distributed systems
49:is a set of signs (
29:Knowledge:Namespace
3073:Naming conventions
2845:"List of USB ID's"
2843:Stephen J. Gowdy.
2743:Java Documentation
2593:Domain Name System
2570:(genus-species in
2463:libraries such as
2324:# Include the file
1787:are a part of the
1725:is defined within
905:Domain Name System
861:
713:Example Identifier
697:
681:Domain name system
616:003f (product ID)
564:182 (publication)
494:errstr (variable)
468:<xhtml:body>
373:
143:Domain Name System
3008:. Docs.python.org
2483:naming collisions
2475:naming convention
2135:from ... import *
1850:naming collisions
1800:java.lang.reflect
1719:naming collisions
1682:, the identifier
1222:computer programs
910:
909:
872:With a namespace
846:
845:
785:978-3-16-148410-0
640:
639:
600:abcd (device ID)
574:01-23-45-67-89-ab
305:</f:length>
160:This XML carries
106:Operating systems
86:Computer networks
16:(Redirected from
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2912:. Archived from
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2878:10.17487/RFC1731
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2817:10.17487/RFC2141
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2321:# File index.php
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1617:must be written
1616:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1501:"3 + 2 = %d
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
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1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1257:global namespace
1238:and many modern
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
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1141:
1138:
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1123:
1120:
1117:
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1099:
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1093:
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1087:
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1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:<iostream>
994:
864:
860:
704:
696:
690:representing an
658:assign the names
613:2341 (vendor ID)
597:1234 (vendor ID)
376:
372:
356:
353:
349:
345:
342:
338:
335:
309:
308:</f:table>
306:
302:
301:<f:length>
299:
298:</f:width>
295:
292:
288:
285:
282:
281:</h:table>
279:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
259:
238:
231:
228:
224:
221:
217:
214:
210:
207:
193:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
170:
62:naming of people
33:Linux namespaces
21:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3045:
3044:
3036:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2964:
2962:
2961:. Cplusplus.com
2957:
2956:
2952:
2943:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2919:
2917:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2890:
2888:
2855:
2851:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2827:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2779:
2769:
2765:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2670:on 2010-07-28.
2667:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2613:Star catalogues
2555:
2527:
2471:
2459:. For example,
2453:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
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2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2348:\phpstar\FooBar
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2307:
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2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
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2229:
2226:
2223:
2209:
2197:
2191:
2186:
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2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2010:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:"123"
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1908:"123"
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1845:
1837:object lifetime
1815:
1798:
1792:
1784:
1773:
1765:
1758:
1754:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1477:<stdio.h>
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1270:
1265:
1199:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
915:
851:
694:(IANA) number.
670:
645:
478:body (element)
467:
452:NYC (locality)
436:array (struct)
414:www.example.com
371:
363:name resolution
359:
358:
354:
351:
347:
343:
340:
336:
333:
316:
311:
310:
307:
304:
300:
297:
294:<f:width>
293:
291:</f:name>
290:
286:
284:<f:table>
283:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
258:<h:table>
257:
248:
236:
233:
232:
229:
227:</length>
226:
222:
219:
215:
212:
208:
205:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
171:
168:
155:
132:name collisions
84:in namespaces.
76:organize their
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3060:
3059:
3030:
3018:
2997:
2971:
2950:
2929:
2897:
2849:
2836:
2788:
2763:
2730:
2708:
2676:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2565:
2560:delivery point
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2532:
2531:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2469:
2452:
2449:
2387:phpstar\FooBar
2360:phpstar\FooBar
2319:
2222:
2208:
2205:
2193:Main article:
2190:
2187:
2148:
2081:
2019:
2009:
2006:
1923:
1855:
1844:
1841:
1820:.NET Framework
1742:
1739:
1650:
1624:
1584:
1574:
1571:
1543:"pi is %f
1283:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1198:
1195:
1188:// Outputs 42.
1167:// Outputs 12.
991:
985:
984:
971:
964:
914:
911:
908:
907:
902:
897:
891:
890:
885:
880:
874:
873:
870:
867:
850:
847:
844:
843:
838:
835:
830:
825:
819:
818:
813:
810:
807:
802:
795:
794:
789:
786:
783:
778:
772:
771:
766:
763:
758:
753:
747:
746:
741:
738:
733:
728:
721:
720:
717:
716:Namespace name
714:
711:
708:
669:
666:
652:registers the
644:
641:
638:
637:
634:
627:
624:
618:
617:
614:
611:
608:
602:
601:
598:
595:
592:
586:
585:
582:
575:
572:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
550:
549:
546:
543:
540:
534:
533:
532:fi-fe19991055
530:
524:
519:
512:
511:
508:
505:
504:java.util.Date
502:
496:
495:
492:
489:
486:
480:
479:
476:
469:
460:
454:
453:
450:
447:
444:
438:
437:
434:
431:
428:
422:
421:
418:
415:
412:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
390:
389:
386:
385:Namespace name
383:
380:
370:
367:
332:
315:
312:
287:<f:name>
256:
247:
244:
230:</table>
223:<length>
220:</width>
204:
192:</table>
167:
154:
153:Name conflicts
151:
108:can partition
37:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3085:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3055:
3049:
3041:
3038:Danny Kalev.
3034:
3027:
3022:
3007:
3001:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2960:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2926:
2915:
2911:
2910:C# Online Net
2907:
2901:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2853:
2846:
2840:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2792:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2744:
2740:
2734:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2705:
2703:
2691:on 2013-10-20
2690:
2686:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2642:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:XML namespace
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2446:
2317:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2195:XML namespace
2189:XML namespace
2146:
2143:import x as y
2139:
2131:
2079:
2017:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1921:
1919:
1853:
1851:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1809:
1806:In Java (and
1804:
1801:
1795:
1791:—the package
1790:
1789:Java platform
1781:
1779:
1771:
1762:
1752:
1751:Java packages
1748:
1738:
1727:namespace std
1724:
1720:
1715:
1704:food::chicken
1698:. If neither
1696:food::chicken
1676:
1648:
1645:
1622:
1611:namespace abc
1582:
1580:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1140:// Outputs 4.
989:
982:
981:
980:name mangling
976:
972:
969:
965:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:
932:
929:
927:
922:
920:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
892:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
871:
868:
866:
865:
859:
856:
842:
839:
836:
834:
833:3-16-148410-X
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
817:
814:
811:
809:3-16-148410-X
808:
806:
803:
800:
797:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
770:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
726:
723:
722:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
705:
701:
695:
693:
689:
684:
682:
677:
675:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
635:
632:
628:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
583:
580:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
563:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
547:
544:
541:
539:
538:Handle System
536:
535:
531:
528:
525:
523:
520:
517:
514:
513:
510:Date (class)
509:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
493:
490:
488:$ DBI::errstr
487:
485:
482:
481:
477:
474:
470:
465:
462:xmlns:xhtml="
461:
459:
456:
455:
451:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
435:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
419:
416:
413:
411:
408:
407:
403:
400:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
384:
381:
378:
377:
366:
364:
330:
328:
323:
321:
314:Naming system
278:</h:tr>
275:</h:td>
268:</h:td>
254:
251:
243:
240:
216:<width>
213:</name>
206:<table>
202:
200:
169:<table>
165:
164:information:
163:
158:
150:
148:
144:
140:
135:
133:
129:
124:
122:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
66:
63:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
34:
30:
19:
3033:
3021:
3010:. Retrieved
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2983:
2980:"6. Modules"
2974:
2963:. Retrieved
2953:
2942:. Retrieved
2932:
2924:
2918:. Retrieved
2914:the original
2909:
2900:
2889:. Retrieved
2863:
2852:
2839:
2828:. Retrieved
2802:
2791:
2780:. Retrieved
2776:
2766:
2757:enumerations
2746:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2720:
2711:
2699:
2693:. Retrieved
2689:the original
2679:
2671:
2665:the original
2652:
2645:
2533:
2499:
2472:
2454:
2442:
2429:$ obj_foobar
2417:$ obj_foobar
2399:$ obj_foobar
2366:$ obj_foobar
2339:$ obj_foobar
2315:
2210:
2198:
2140:
2132:
2129:
2073:
2011:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1917:
1915:
1846:
1824:
1805:
1782:
1755:class String
1744:
1716:
1677:
1662:
1646:
1639:
1608:
1576:
1271:
1256:
1234:
1219:
1215:
1202:
1200:
986:
978:
930:
923:
916:
895:Global scope
894:
877:
852:
841:Mohr Siebeck
685:
678:
673:
671:
646:
360:
324:
317:
271:<h:td>
264:<h:td>
261:<h:tr>
252:
249:
241:
234:
209:<name>
196:
159:
156:
136:
125:
118:
70:file systems
67:
59:
50:
46:
40:
2598:Fourth wall
2479:identifiers
1411:// helper.h
1285:// helper.c
1207:identifiers
919:identifiers
878:Local scope
606:USB VID/PID
570:MAC address
558:10.1000/182
542:10.1000/182
410:Domain name
388:Local name
189:</tr>
186:</td>
179:</td>
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