338:
310:
345:
317:
121:
586:
and to the recovery, evolution, and turnover of mammals shortly after the event. The formation and its fossils provide a particularly clear record of the To2-To3 turnover event, allowing the timing of the event to be constrained to between 62.59 and 62.47 million years ago. The event may have been
1320:
Williamson, Thomas E.; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Carr, Thomas D.; Weil, Anne; Standhardt, Barbara R. (1 December 2012). "The phylogeny and evolution of
Cretaceous–Palaeogene metatherians: cladistic analysis and description of new early Palaeocene specimens from the Nacimiento Formation, New Mexico".
437:
shed from the San Juan uplift to the north and the Brazos-Sangre de Cristo uplift to the east. It was deposited mostly between ~65.7 and ~61 million years ago, during the early and middle
Paleocene. The climate was humid and warm to hot and stable, but with a distinct dry season. This unit
614:
faunas, making determination of which formation was present in a given area impossible if fossils could not be found. The Puerco and
Torrejon were retained as zones within the Nacimiento Formation, and their faunas became the basis of the
3352:
587:
associated with climate change or with the rapid development of a river system across the San Juan basin, which caused a temporary pause in sediment deposition that separates the
Nacimiento Formation from the San Jose Formation.
2497:
1964:
1468:
1107:
Lucas, S.G. (1984). "Correlation of Eocene rocks of the northern Rio Grande Rift and adjacent areas: implications for
Laramide tectonics". In Baldridge, W.S.; Dickerson, P.W.; Riecker, R.E.; Zidek, J. (eds.).
605:
Workers in the early 1900s divided the rocks of the
Nacimiento Formation into two formations, the lower Puerco Formation and the upper Torrejon Formation. This was rejected on the grounds that there were no
1352:"A new taeniolabidoid multituberculate (Mammalia) from the middle Puercan of the Nacimiento Formation, New Mexico, and a revision of taeniolabidoid systematics and phylogeny: Revision of Taeniolabidoidea"
947:"Climate and landscape reconstruction of the Arroyo Chijuillita Member of the Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Providing environmental context to early Paleocene mammal evolution"
1381:(1992). "Stratigraphy and mammalian biostratigraphy of the Paleocene Nacimiento Formation, southern San Juan basin, New Mexico". In Lucas, S.G.; Kues, B.S.; Williamson, T.E.; Hunt, A.P. (eds.).
3359:
2504:
1971:
1932:
1475:
2910:
2743:
1192:
Silcox, Mary T.; Williamson, Thomas E. (December 2012). "New discoveries of early
Paleocene (Torrejonian) primates from the Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico".
1751:
469:. In northern outcrops, the two lower members are indistinguishable, and are called the "main body". Above them are two more informal members. These preserve a younger,
3047:
2946:
2870:
1927:
980:
Fassett, J.E. (1992). "Cretaceous and
Tertiary rocks of the eastern San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado". In Siemers, C.T.; Woodward, L.A.; Callender, J.F. (eds.).
1661:
2643:
2237:
2968:
2850:
2748:
1788:
1698:
1686:
1433:
3095:
2648:
2633:
2298:
2114:
2034:
1860:
1059:"High-resolution magnetostratigraphy of the Upper Nacimiento Formation, San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA: Implications for basin evolution and mammalian turnover"
3075:
2920:
2855:
2718:
2196:
1905:
1656:
2973:
2683:
2653:
2094:
1808:
1651:
1605:
1569:
1100:
Lithostratigraphy and mammalian biostratigraphy of the
Torrejonian-Tiffanian transition in the Nacimiento Formation, northwestern San Juan Basin, New Mexico
3192:
2890:
2845:
2778:
2164:
1895:
1766:
1278:
Tidwell, W.D.; Ash, S.R.; Parker, L.R. (1981). "Cretaceous and
Tertiary floras of the San Juan Basin". In Lucas, S.G.; Rigby Jr., J.K.; Kues, B.S. (eds.).
3446:
3345:
3197:
3152:
3125:
3090:
3080:
2988:
2773:
2738:
2693:
2663:
2079:
1761:
3316:
3311:
3289:
3253:
2963:
2958:
2880:
2860:
2840:
2753:
2713:
2668:
2658:
2576:
2571:
2444:
2439:
2983:
2885:
2490:
2109:
2074:
1771:
1681:
1300:
The beginning of the age of mammals in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico: biostratigraphy and evolution of Paleocene mammals of the Nacimiento Formation
3420:
2275:
2270:
2139:
1957:
1461:
1798:
309:
1426:
337:
1249:(1986). "Annotated list of fossil vertebrates from the Paleocene Nacimiento Formation (Puercan-Torrejonian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico".
3491:
3501:
579:
1057:
Leslie, Caitlin; Peppe, Daniel; Williamson, Thomas; Bilardello, Dario; Heizler, Matthew; Secord, Ross; Leggett, Tyler (March 2018).
218:
1419:
3496:
1390:. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook. Vol. 43. Socorro, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society. pp. 265–296.
984:. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook. Vol. 25. Socorro, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society. pp. 225–230.
1117:. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook. Vol. 35. Socorro, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society. pp. 123–128
394:
3506:
1395:
1287:
920:
1222:
623:
526:, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, birds, and a variety of archaic mammals. Mammalian groups represented include
1382:
1109:
1155:
1049:
945:
Davis, Adam J.; Peppe, Daniel J.; Atchley, Stacy C.; Williamson, Thomas E.; Flynn, Andrew G. (December 2016).
1163:
Schoch, R.M. (1981). "Taxonomy and biostratigraphy of the early Tertiary Taeniodonta (Mammalia: Eutheria)".
211:
878:"Report upon United States geological surveys west of the one hundredth meridian, Volume IV: Paleontology"
2728:
2054:
492:. Fossils belonging to a number of different organisms have been found here, including: plants (mostly
2144:
990:
2998:
1646:
142:
1298:
2802:
2174:
2154:
1828:
1223:"Fossil mammals from the type area of the Puerco and Nacimiento strata, Paleocene of New Mexico"
465:
fauna is found in the Ojo Encino Member, and the uppermost Escavada Member lacks age-diagnostic
2191:
985:
873:
130:
3462:
2875:
2039:
1880:
1823:
1676:
1641:
3408:
2768:
2723:
2708:
2084:
1875:
1666:
1172:
1143:
1070:
1037:
1008:
958:
374:
485:
Many fossils are known from the Nacimiento Formation, although bone is often altered into
8:
2993:
2930:
2758:
2566:
2434:
2417:
2373:
2064:
2059:
1890:
595:
439:
162:
1176:
1147:
1074:
1041:
1012:
962:
2818:
2673:
2606:
2457:
2391:
2280:
2232:
2134:
2089:
1910:
1900:
1818:
1813:
1734:
1671:
1628:
1610:
1574:
1442:
1338:
1266:
1086:
447:
152:
1350:
Williamson, Thomas E.; Brusatte, Stephen L.; Secord, Ross; Shelley, Sarah (May 2016).
3294:
3272:
3258:
3236:
3229:
3179:
3147:
3139:
2900:
2865:
2733:
2678:
2313:
2303:
2265:
2242:
2169:
2124:
2104:
2044:
1865:
1838:
1793:
1756:
1529:
1391:
1283:
1209:
1090:
1342:
999:
Gardner, J.H. (1910). "The Puerco and Torrejon formations of the Nacimiento Group".
389:). It has an age of 61 to 65.7 million years, corresponding to the early and middle
3430:
3162:
3118:
3070:
3003:
2915:
2895:
2823:
2703:
2688:
2628:
2611:
2346:
2308:
2260:
2227:
2183:
2159:
2024:
2017:
1870:
1855:
1378:
1363:
1330:
1258:
1246:
1201:
1180:
1151:
1131:
1078:
1045:
1028:
Hartman, J.H. (1981). "Early Tertiary nonmarine Mollusca of New Mexico: a review".
1016:
966:
527:
279:
3130:
3085:
3060:
2978:
2905:
2835:
2763:
2698:
2638:
2356:
2252:
2099:
1833:
1746:
1411:
1334:
1205:
971:
946:
474:
454:
877:
3392:
3065:
3030:
2783:
2401:
2386:
2338:
2290:
2219:
2069:
1620:
599:
531:
511:
378:
922:
Cretaceous-Tertiary palynology, eastern side of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico
473:
fauna. The Puercan and Torrejonian faunas are further subdivided into several
3485:
2793:
2559:
2029:
1803:
1282:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 307–332.
386:
263:
233:
220:
72:
29:
1184:
409:
The Nacimiento Formation is a heterogeneous nonmarine formation composed of
2149:
2119:
2049:
1307:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science
1213:
853:
814:
523:
519:
515:
443:
393:. The formation has yielded an abundance of fossils from shortly after the
565:. Fossil remains found in the formation support the validity of the genus
3383:
3374:
3171:
2939:
2519:
2129:
1986:
1521:
1490:
843:
841:
620:
542:
493:
462:
371:
47:
3281:
3109:
2589:
2008:
1512:
1270:
1082:
932:. Socorro, New Mexico: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources
567:
558:
554:
550:
504:
496:
489:
422:
382:
253:
92:
57:
1368:
1351:
838:
724:
3220:
3039:
2550:
2530:
2410:
1847:
1718:
1707:
1597:
607:
562:
546:
538:
535:
500:
486:
470:
418:
414:
390:
199:
195:
97:
41:
33:
1262:
1134:(1981). "Cenozoic continental deposits of New Mexico: an overview".
3439:
3211:
3021:
2811:
2598:
2327:
2210:
1997:
1727:
1561:
1552:
1501:
1446:
1020:
453:
The Nacimiento Formation is divided into several subunits known as
434:
126:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
3245:
2541:
2365:
1588:
1543:
1102:. M.A. thesis. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico.
616:
583:
507:
466:
458:
398:
102:
77:
3401:
2426:
1781:
1349:
1056:
859:
820:
611:
3367:
714:
712:
1303:. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin,
643:
641:
639:
426:
410:
185:
120:
2512:
826:
670:
668:
1979:
1483:
944:
730:
709:
578:
These fossils provide important clues to the impact of the
430:
1319:
847:
636:
397:
that provide clues to the recovery and diversification of
1156:
10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<917:CCDONM>2.0.CO;2
1050:
10.1130/0016-7606(1981)92<942:ETNMON>2.0.CO;2
787:
665:
1058:
699:
697:
695:
457:. In outcrops in southern areas of the formation, the
804:
802:
753:
751:
692:
461:
fauna is found in the Arroyo Chijuillita Member, the
763:
896:
799:
775:
1441:
748:
951:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
653:
610:differences between the two, only differences in
3483:
1277:
1191:
871:
832:
736:
718:
680:
1376:
647:
1129:
674:
3353:
2498:
1965:
1469:
1427:
1244:
793:
344:
316:
590:
3368:Precambrian chronostratigraphy of Colorado
3360:
3346:
2505:
2491:
1972:
1958:
1476:
1462:
1434:
1420:
1296:
703:
119:
1367:
1356:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
989:
970:
133:are made up of Nacimiento Formation rocks
2513:Paleozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado
918:
769:
324:Nacimiento Formation (the United States)
1980:Mesozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado
1484:Cenozoic chronostratigraphy of Colorado
1280:Advances in San Juan Basin paleontology
1220:
1027:
998:
979:
902:
808:
781:
757:
3484:
1165:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1162:
1136:Geological Society of America Bulletin
1030:Geological Society of America Bulletin
659:
3341:
2486:
1953:
1457:
1415:
1106:
1097:
742:
686:
580:Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
395:Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event
2016:
1171:(12): I 933-I 941, II 1982-II 2267.
1142:(12): I 917–I 932, II 1807–II 1981.
1111:Rio Grande Rift: northern New Mexico
1323:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
13:
3492:Paleogene formations of New Mexico
18:A geologic formation in New Mexico
14:
3518:
3502:Paleocene Series of North America
598:described the fossils during the
352:Nacimiento Formation (New Mexico)
876:, Charles; Cope, Edward (1877).
401:following the extinction event.
343:
336:
315:
308:
45:
1933:Independence Mountain Formation
884:. US Government Printing Office
865:
624:North American Land Mammal Ages
719:Tidwell, Ash & Parker 1981
438:interbeds with the underlying
404:
1:
3497:Natural history of New Mexico
2911:Morgan Round Valley Formation
912:
327:Show map of the United States
2744:South Canyon Creek Formation
1335:10.1080/14772019.2011.631592
1206:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.09.002
972:10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.09.011
833:Silcox & Williamson 2012
629:
7:
1063:American Journal of Science
648:Williamson & Lucas 1992
10:
3523:
3507:Paleontology in New Mexico
2729:Sangre de Cristo Formation
1752:Central Colorado Volcanics
1194:Journal of Human Evolution
675:Lucas & Ingersoll 1981
480:
234:36.0126977°N 106.9855481°W
3438:
3429:
3400:
3391:
3382:
3373:
3337:
3280:
3271:
3244:
3228:
3219:
3210:
3170:
3161:
3138:
3117:
3108:
3048:Williams Canyon Formation
3038:
3029:
3020:
2954:
2947:Williams Canyon Formation
2938:
2929:
2871:Jacque Mountain Formation
2810:
2801:
2792:
2597:
2588:
2558:
2549:
2540:
2529:
2518:
2482:
2425:
2409:
2400:
2364:
2355:
2337:
2326:
2289:
2251:
2218:
2209:
2182:
2145:Pictured Cliffs Formation
2007:
1996:
1985:
1949:
1928:Gravel Mountain Formation
1846:
1780:
1726:
1717:
1706:
1619:
1596:
1587:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1520:
1511:
1500:
1489:
1453:
1297:Williamson, T.E. (1996).
1230:American Museum Novitates
794:Sullivan & Lucas 1986
433:settings, and made up of
302:
294:
286:
274:
269:
259:
249:
210:
205:
191:
181:
176:
168:
158:
148:
138:
118:
28:
23:
2999:Ste. Genevieve Formation
1662:Martins Canyon Formation
1647:Cedar Mountain Formation
591:History of investigation
518:, salamanders, turtles,
239:36.0126977; -106.9855481
172:254 m (833 ft)
2644:Council Grove Formation
2238:Ralston Creek Formation
2175:Williams Fork Formation
2155:Point Lookout Formation
1829:Poison Canyon Formation
1185:10.1130/gsab-p2-92-1982
919:Anderson, R.Y. (1960).
442:but is separated by an
2969:Headscrabble Formation
2851:Eagle Valley Evaporite
2749:Stone Corral Formation
2192:Burro Canyon Formation
1789:Blanco Basin Formation
1699:Grouse Mountain Basalt
1687:Wagon Tongue Formation
1251:Journal of Herpetology
1221:Simpson, G.G. (1959).
848:Williamson et al. 2012
821:Williamson et al. 2016
475:biostratigraphic zones
355:Show map of New Mexico
3463:Uncompahgre Formation
3096:Pinyon Park Formation
2876:Kansas City Formation
2649:Crestone Conglomerate
2634:Cedar Hills Formation
2299:Glen Canyon Formation
2115:Lion Canyon Formation
2040:Cliff House Sandstone
2035:Castle Gate Formation
1881:Middle Park Formation
1861:Arapahoe Conglomerate
1824:Green River Formation
1677:Troublesome Formation
1642:Browns Park Formation
3409:Uinta Mountain Group
3076:Kinderhook Formation
2921:Sharpsdale Formation
2856:Glen Eyrie Formation
2769:Wellington Formation
2724:Phosphoria Formation
2719:Owl Canyon Formation
2709:Minnekahta Formation
2197:Horsetooth Formation
1906:South Park Formation
1886:Nacimiento Formation
1876:Fort Union Formation
1667:North Park Formation
1657:Los Pintos Formation
1098:Libed, S.A. (2005).
368:Nacimiento Formation
24:Nacimiento Formation
2994:St. Louis Formation
2974:Leadville Formation
2759:Wabaunsee Formation
2684:Ingleside Formation
2654:Day Creek Formation
2567:Chugwater Formation
2435:Chugwater Formation
2418:Chugwater Formation
2374:Chugwater Formation
2095:Kremmling Formation
2065:Fruitland Formation
2060:Fox Hills Formation
2055:Fort Hays Limestone
1891:Ojo Alamo Formation
1809:Echo Park Formation
1652:Flat Tops Volcanics
1606:Dry Union Formation
1570:Dry Union Formation
1177:1981GSAB...92.1982S
1148:1981GSAB...92..917L
1075:2018AmJS..318..300L
1042:1981GSAB...92..942H
1036:(12): I 942–I 950.
1013:1910JG.....18..702G
963:2016PPP...463...27D
596:Edward Drinker Cope
446:from the overlying
440:Ojo Alamo Formation
230: /
163:Ojo Alamo Formation
30:Stratigraphic range
3193:Arbuckle Formation
2891:Marmaton Formation
2846:Cherokee Formation
2819:Fountain Formation
2779:Wolfcamp Formation
2674:Glorieta Formation
2607:Fountain Formation
2458:Moenkopi Formation
2392:Moenkopi Formation
2281:Sundance Formation
2233:Morrison Formation
2165:Trinidad Formation
2135:Niobrara Formation
2090:Kirtland Formation
1911:Washakie Formation
1901:San Jose Formation
1896:Raton Conglomerate
1819:Huerfano Formation
1814:Farisita Formation
1767:Pinnacle Formation
1735:Arikaree Formation
1672:Santa Fe Formation
1629:Arikaree Formation
1611:Ogallala Formation
1575:Ogallala Formation
1443:Chronostratigraphy
1377:Williamson, T.E.;
1083:10.2475/03.2018.02
1001:Journal of Geology
860:Leslie et al. 2018
512:cartilaginous fish
448:San Jose Formation
153:San Jose Formation
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3447:Owiyukuts Complex
3416:
3415:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3295:Sawatch Formation
3267:
3266:
3259:Sawatch Formation
3237:Dotsero Formation
3206:
3205:
3198:Manitou Formation
3188:
3187:
3180:Dotsero Formation
3153:Simpson Formation
3148:Harding Sandstone
3126:Fremont Limestone
3104:
3103:
3091:Parting Formation
3081:Misener Formation
3056:
3055:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
2989:Spergen Formation
2901:Minturn Formation
2866:Hermosa Formation
2831:
2830:
2774:White Horse Group
2739:Shawnee Formation
2734:Satanka Formation
2694:Lansing Formation
2679:Hermosa Formation
2664:Forelle Formation
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2584:
2583:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2453:
2452:
2382:
2381:
2322:
2321:
2314:Wingate Sandstone
2304:Kayenta Formation
2266:Entrada Formation
2243:Wanakah Formation
2205:
2204:
2170:Vermejo Formation
2125:Menefee Formation
2105:Laramie Formation
2080:Hygiene Formation
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1866:Bridger Formation
1839:Wasatch Formation
1794:Cuchara Formation
1762:Conejos Formation
1757:Chadron Formation
1742:
1741:
1695:
1694:
1637:
1636:
1583:
1582:
1538:
1537:
1530:Alamosa Formation
1384:San Juan Basin IV
1369:10.1111/zoj.12336
872:Wheeler, George;
731:Davis et al. 2016
528:multituberculates
364:
363:
3514:
3436:
3435:
3398:
3397:
3389:
3388:
3380:
3379:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3339:
3338:
3317:Tintic Formation
3312:Reagan Formation
3290:Lodore Formation
3278:
3277:
3254:Lodore Formation
3226:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3168:
3167:
3115:
3114:
3071:Elbert Formation
3036:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3004:Warsaw Formation
2964:Gilman Formation
2959:Beulah Formation
2936:
2935:
2916:Morrow Formation
2896:Maroon Formation
2881:Kerber Formation
2861:Gothic Formation
2841:Belden Formation
2824:Madera Formation
2808:
2807:
2799:
2798:
2754:Sumner Formation
2714:Opeche Formation
2704:Maroon Formation
2689:Kaibab Limestone
2669:Glendo Formation
2659:Falcon Formation
2629:Blaine Formation
2612:Madera Formation
2595:
2594:
2577:Taloga Formation
2572:Lykins Formation
2556:
2555:
2547:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2483:
2445:Taloga Formation
2440:Lykins Formation
2407:
2406:
2362:
2361:
2347:Chinle Formation
2335:
2334:
2330:
2309:Navajo Formation
2261:Carmel Formation
2228:Curtis Formation
2216:
2215:
2160:Smoky Hill Chalk
2045:Codell Sandstone
2025:Benton Formation
2014:
2013:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1871:Denver Formation
1856:Animas Formation
1724:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1594:
1593:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1389:
1373:
1371:
1346:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1293:
1274:
1245:Sullivan, R.M.;
1241:
1239:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1188:
1159:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1103:
1094:
1053:
1024:
995:
993:
976:
974:
941:
939:
937:
927:
906:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
869:
863:
857:
851:
845:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
707:
701:
690:
684:
678:
672:
663:
657:
651:
645:
571:and the species
356:
347:
346:
340:
328:
319:
318:
312:
280:Cuba, New Mexico
278:Nacimiento (now
245:
244:
242:
241:
240:
235:
231:
228:
227:
226:
223:
123:
114:
44:
21:
20:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3467:
3450:
3425:
3412:
3369:
3366:
3321:
3299:
3263:
3240:
3202:
3184:
3157:
3134:
3131:Viola Formation
3100:
3086:Ouray Formation
3061:Aneth Formation
3052:
3008:
2984:Osage Formation
2979:Molas Formation
2950:
2925:
2906:Molas Formation
2886:Keyes Formation
2836:Atoka Formation
2827:
2788:
2764:Weber Formation
2699:Lyons Formation
2639:Chase Formation
2616:
2580:
2531:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2462:
2449:
2421:
2396:
2378:
2351:
2328:
2318:
2285:
2247:
2201:
2178:
2110:Lewis Formation
2100:Lance Formation
2075:Greenhorn Shale
1998:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1937:
1915:
1842:
1834:Uinta Formation
1776:
1772:Pitch Formation
1747:Brule Formation
1738:
1708:
1702:
1691:
1682:Trump Formation
1633:
1615:
1579:
1534:
1502:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1449:
1440:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1387:
1310:
1308:
1290:
1263:10.2307/1563945
1235:
1233:
1225:
1132:Ingersoll, R.V.
1120:
1118:
1114:
991:10.1.1.527.6438
935:
933:
925:
915:
910:
909:
901:
897:
887:
885:
870:
866:
858:
854:
846:
839:
831:
827:
819:
815:
807:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
764:
756:
749:
741:
737:
729:
725:
717:
710:
704:Williamson 1996
702:
693:
685:
681:
673:
666:
658:
654:
646:
637:
632:
593:
532:plesiadapiforms
483:
421:, deposited in
407:
360:
359:
358:
357:
354:
353:
350:
349:
348:
331:
330:
329:
326:
325:
322:
321:
320:
238:
236:
232:
229:
224:
221:
219:
217:
216:
134:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
36:
19:
12:
11:
5:
3520:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3421:Tava Formation
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3395:
3386:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3142:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3066:Dyer Formation
3063:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2944:
2942:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2784:Yeso Formation
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2562:
2553:
2544:
2535:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2387:Jelm Formation
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2276:Page Formation
2273:
2271:Garo Formation
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2140:Pando Porphyry
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:Graneros Shale
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1450:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1396:
1374:
1362:(1): 183–208.
1347:
1329:(4): 625–651.
1317:
1294:
1288:
1275:
1257:(2): 202–209.
1242:
1218:
1200:(6): 805–833.
1189:
1160:
1127:
1104:
1095:
1069:(3): 300–334.
1054:
1025:
1021:10.1086/621799
1007:(8): 702–741.
996:
977:
942:
914:
911:
908:
907:
895:
864:
852:
837:
825:
813:
798:
786:
774:
762:
747:
735:
723:
708:
691:
679:
664:
652:
634:
633:
631:
628:
600:Wheeler Survey
592:
589:
573:T. montanensis
524:amphisbaenians
494:dicotyledonous
482:
479:
406:
403:
379:San Juan Basin
375:rock formation
362:
361:
351:
342:
341:
335:
334:
333:
332:
323:
314:
313:
307:
306:
305:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
276:
272:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
214:
208:
207:
203:
202:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
124:
116:
115:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
26:
25:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3519:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2791:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2560:Changhsingian
2557:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2030:Carlile Shale
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1984:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1804:Dawson Arkose
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
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2150:Pierre Shale
2120:Mancos Shale
2050:Dakota Group
1885:
1401:. Retrieved
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809:Gardner 1910
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555:mesonychians
520:champsosaurs
484:
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444:unconformity
408:
367:
365:
295:Year defined
290:J.H. Gardner
270:Type section
15:
3172:Tremadocian
2940:Tournaisian
2130:Mowry Shale
2085:Juana Lopez
1799:D2 Sequence
1522:Pleistocene
1379:Lucas, S.G.
1247:Lucas, S.G.
982:Ghost Ranch
888:16 February
660:Schoch 1981
621:Torrejonian
563:cimolestans
559:condylarths
551:taeniodonts
547:carnivorans
497:angiosperms
490:concretions
463:Torrejonian
405:Description
381:of western
372:sedimentary
237: /
225:106°59′08″W
212:Coordinates
3486:Categories
3282:Guzhangian
2590:Cisuralian
1621:Aquitanian
913:References
743:Libed 2005
687:Lucas 1984
568:Thylacodon
539:marsupials
505:freshwater
501:gastropods
487:phosphatic
431:lacustrine
423:floodplain
383:New Mexico
254:New Mexico
222:36°00′46″N
131:Angel Peak
3221:Furongian
3040:Famennian
2551:Lopingian
2411:Olenekian
1848:Paleocene
1719:Oligocene
1598:Messinian
1403:26 August
1091:135327595
986:CiteSeerX
957:: 27–44.
928:. Memoir
630:Footnotes
536:didelphid
516:bony fish
471:Tiffanian
419:sandstone
415:siltstone
391:Paleocene
275:Named for
200:sandstone
196:Siltstone
177:Lithology
169:Thickness
149:Underlies
143:Formation
34:Paleocene
3440:Siderian
3273:Series 3
3230:Stage 10
2812:Gzhelian
2599:Asselian
1728:Chattian
1562:Zanclean
1553:Pliocene
1447:Colorado
1343:83996185
1214:23084622
508:bivalves
435:sediment
287:Named by
206:Location
159:Overlies
127:badlands
3246:Paibian
2366:Anisian
1589:Miocene
1271:1563945
1173:Bibcode
1144:Bibcode
1071:Bibcode
1038:Bibcode
1009:Bibcode
959:Bibcode
617:Puercan
584:mammals
481:Fossils
467:fossils
459:Puercan
455:members
427:fluvial
399:mammals
260:Country
182:Primary
109:↓
3402:Tonian
3140:Middle
2427:Induan
2357:Middle
2253:Middle
1782:Eocene
1394:
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1311:8 June
1286:
1269:
1236:8 June
1232:(1957)
1212:
1121:8 June
1089:
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936:8 June
612:fossil
561:, and
417:, and
250:Region
129:below
3163:Lower
3119:Upper
3031:Upper
2402:Lower
2339:Upper
2291:Lower
2220:Upper
2184:Lower
2018:Upper
1388:(PDF)
1339:S2CID
1267:JSTOR
1226:(PDF)
1115:(PDF)
1087:S2CID
926:(PDF)
874:White
411:shale
370:is a
192:Other
186:Shale
1405:2020
1392:ISBN
1313:2020
1284:ISBN
1238:2020
1210:PMID
1123:2020
938:2020
890:2023
882:USGS
619:and
514:and
429:and
366:The
298:1910
139:Type
125:The
48:PreꞒ
1445:of
1364:doi
1360:177
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