PC-98 - Knowledge

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to prevent non-NEC machines from booting the OSes; it was commonly called an "EPSON check". In September 1987, Epson introduced the PC-286V and the PC-286U and also released the BASIC Support ROM to add a BASIC interpreter to their computers. Epson also bundled the Software Installation Program which was a patch kit to remove the EPSON check. Both machines were received well due to their reasonable prices and better compatibility. In 1988, Epson made annual sales of 200,000 units and successfully established PC-98 clones in the Japanese PC market.

744:. The PC-100 did not sell well due to its time and high cost. Moreover, the marketing competed with the PC-98 of the Information Processing Group, which did not assure distributors. In December 1983, Ouchi decided that NEC would consolidate their personal computer business into two divisions: NEC Home Electronics to deal with the 8-bit home computer line, and Nippon Electric's Information Processing Group to deal with the 16-bit personal computer line. The Electronic Device Group passed off their personal computer business to NEC Home Electronics. 678: 1318: 1120: 1621: 1532: 1754: 529: 1301: 1700:

enterprise market, but Epson did not. Manufacturers of DOS/V computers began to get sales channels, and they became competitors for the PC-98 and its Epson clones. Nikkei Personal Computing magazine reported in 1992 that "NEC has various opinions inside the company about the future PC-98, and it is doubtful whether the PC-98 will continue to be the domestic standard. The decline of the 98 compatible machine business may lead to the decline of the PC-98 itself".

5382: 5372: 670: 941: 774: 585:, and they did not want to produce more variants of Microsoft BASIC. Nishi told him, "Microsoft is rewriting a BASIC that has the same function with more structured internal code, and it will be sold as the definitive 16-bit version named GW-BASIC. We'll provide a BASIC sooner if you choose the Japanese adoption of GW BASIC." Hamada replied, "As I said, we want a BASIC that is compatible with the previous ones." They could not make an agreement. 56: 2814:, said, "The Japanese PC market is suffocating because of one company's dominance. There is no freedom. This is why its prices are 3-4 times as expensive as America's. To fulfill the same international price as America's, we really need the era of clone computers." A software company also complained that "although there are few excellent engineers in Japan, the more incompatible machines appear, the more development resources are divided." 65: 1675: 1418:; it does the opposite if it is booted from a hard drive. If the OS was installed on the hard drive, MS-DOS would assign the hard drive as drive "A:" and the floppy as drive "B:"; this would cause incompatibility among Windows PC applications, although it can be resolved with the SETUP command in Windows 95 by turning on the "/AT" switch to assign the Windows system drive to the standard "C:" drive. 884: 589:

discovered that the consumer market wanted a 16-bit machine compatible with both PCs. Hamada decided to adopt two plans for different markets. In April 1982, the small business personal computer became the NEC System 20 model 15, which used a proprietary 16-bit microprocessor. The machine was introduced as a new model of traditional business computers, so it was not notable.

395:. However, as Windows spread, software developers no longer had to code their software separately for each specific platform, and the PC-98 became regarded as one of the Windows-based machines like other IBM clones. The PC-98 adopted non-proprietary parts developed for IBM clones to reduce manufacturing costs. Due to the popularity of 1264:-based PC-9821Ra43 (with a clock frequency of 433 MHz, using a 440FX chipset-based motherboard design from 1998), which appeared in 2000. NEC announced that the PC-98 would be discontinued in 2003. 18.3 million of PC-98s shipped by the end of shipments in March 2004. The last version of Windows to support PC-98 is 2746:

hardware manufacturers didn't touch them. When we developed the PC-9800 series, we changed our method to make a conscious effort to grow them up". PC-98's large software library assured buyers that the machine could be used for all purposes, although most users actually purchased only a few major software.

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Shunzo Hamada of NEC thought the biggest reason for the success of PC-98 was that NEC could get software companies to cooperate. He said, "Third-party suppliers of Japanese PCs had already grown up to a certain extent. However, it was not because they were organized. They were born by themselves, and

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applications, with the rest being a mix of graphic design, networking, word processing and games. The Nikkei Personal Computing magazine reported in 1993 that most home users purchased PCs to complete office work at home. The publisher sent a questionnaire to 2000 readers, and out of 1227 readers who

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All PC-98 desktop models use a 100-pin expansion slot. It has 16 data lines and 24 address lines. The bus frequency is fixed at 5, 8 or 10 MHz. The PC-H98 and PC-9821A series computers use a proprietary 32-bit local bus slot along with 16-bit slots. The 16-bit expansion bus was also called C-bus

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The Nikkei Personal Computing magazine stated in January 1992 that "users choose a PC with considering compatibility and expandability. The PC-9800 compatibles is the most popular, and the IBM PC/AT compatibles also gains their strong support. PC users are stubborn and conservative. We conclude these

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The PC-286 model 0 employs an Intel 80286 processor operating at 10 MHz - 25% faster than NEC's PC-9801VX using the same CPU at 8 MHz. In June 1987, NEC released a 10 MHz version of the PC-9801VX (VX01, VX21 and VX41 models). They added a BIOS signature check to their operating systems

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The gap in share of the personal computer market is growing. Even though the start was not limited to NEC only, why did this gap cause? It can be said that NEC has taken a positive attitude towards disclosing hardware and operating systems since the early period, and free for third parties to develop

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It is sure that we cannot deny contributions of Electronic Devices Group as a parent of the personal computer. However, if personal computers are considered computers, Information Processing Group should handle them in NEC. Also, if personal computers are considered home electronics, we cannot deny a

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Ichiran Kou, a computer consultant, pointed out that IBM influenced NEC's strategy. Since 1982, NEC had four personal computer lines, and they covered a wide price range, similar to IBM's mainframe business. However, NEC's computers had poor backward compatibility and as such was criticized by users

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From 1992 to 1994, Epson sold about 200,000 units of PC-98 clones every year. As of 1994, Epson expected only 40% growth in their PC sales despite they expected 100% growth in their peripherals sales by 1995. However, Nikkei Personal Computer magazine expected that Epson would continue manufacturing

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level 1 kanji (2,965 characters) font ROM, and was priced at 398,000 yen (about US$ 1,700 in 1983). It was positively received by engineers and businesses. Ozawa explained the reason why the PC-9801F used a 640 KB floppy drive, "For Japanese business softwares, 320 KB is small, 640 KB is just barely

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The PC-98 had many game titles designed for it, many of which made creative use of the system's limitations (as it was originally designed as a business machine) to great commercial success. Despite having hardware specifications inferior to the FM Towns and the X68000, the massive install base and

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to support its IRQ, I/O and C-Bus. The Nikkei Personal Computing magazine wrote, "The PC-98 features a number of MS-DOS applications, but there is no difference between PC-98 and PC/AT clones for using Windows 95. The status of the PC-98 series is not based on its hardware feature or the number of

354:. The range of the series was expanded, and in the 1990s it was used in a variety of industry fields including education and hobbies. NEC succeeded in attracting third-party suppliers and a wide range of users, and the PC-98 dominated the Japanese PC market with more than 60% market share by 1991. 3683:

Japanese Information in Science, Technology, and Commerce: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference Held by Gesellschaft Für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung in Co-operation with Japanisch Deutsches Zentrum Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz on 23-25 October 1989, in Berlin

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were significantly developed in the PC-98 era. Because the PC-98 had a kanji character ROM, Japanese applications were developed for it, which influenced Japanese input methods being developed for them; the two built on each other. Software companies that developed games for the PC-98 immediately

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video memory, allowing it to display 640 × 400 pixel graphics with 16 colors out of a palette of 4096. This video RAM is divided into pages (2 pages × 4 planes × 32 KB in 640 × 400 with 16 colors), and the programmer can control which page is written to and which page is output. The slave display

2821:, every Japanese personal computer had a short lifespan; NEC released a new model of the PC-98 every year. When the PC-9801VX01/21/41 models brought a new BASIC interpreter which supported the Enhanced Graphic Charger (EGC) chipset, most commercial software did not use it as they were written in 913:

to handle Japanese text. NEC did not expect it to become the first successful laptop computer. In Japan, a typical office layout is an open office that is made up of rows of tight desks, so laptop computers received a good reception from corporate customers. In the same month, NEC introduced the

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2.11 without a license fee between 1983 and 1987. ASCII and Microsoft allowed it to enter the market and compete with CP/M-86. NEC also let users buy a self-contained application package. It occupied half of the Japanese personal computer market at the end of 1983. As of March 1984, 700 software

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Hamada could not decide which plan they should develop, a small business computer or a personal computer, because the possibilities of Watanabe's plan was uncertain. While they were visiting software companies to collect and research applications for the PC-8001 and PC-8801, Hamada and Watanabe

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In the 1980s, Epson's clones preceded NEC's in terms of its features such as performance and portability. In the early 1990s, Epson concentrated a line of low-priced computer which had low profit margins, but it did not sell well. This made resellers negative. Also, NEC had strong sales in the

475:, decided to develop a personal computer despite criticism from the Information Processing Group. The division only had a small distribution network of electronic parts stores, so they asked New Nippon Electric to sell the personal computers through their consumer distribution network. 2753:

NEC encouraged third-party developers as IBM did for the IBM PC. The basic hardware of PC-98 was also similar to the IBM PC, though it was not IBM compatible. Kou guessed that NEC avoided releasing an IBM compatible PC because the company was proud of developing an original mainframe.

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matched Microsoft's. It was unclear if the copyright law could apply to the bytecode. Nishi suggested to Hamada that NEC must have purchased the same amount of Microsoft's product as it corresponded to the license fee, and N88-BASIC(86) must show copyright notification for both

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each worked on PC-98 clones, but all gave up. An executive of Sanyo said, "NEC paid far more attention to its copyright than we had imagined. We decided that the loss of our corporate image would be greater than its profit, and cancelled the 98 compatible machine business."

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In April 1981, NEC decided to expand their personal computer lines into three groups: New Nippon Electric, the Information Processing Group, and the Electronic Devices Group, with each specializing in a particular series. New Nippon Electric made 8-bit home computers

2825:. Many developers did not follow it because they wanted to make their software less dependent on a specific platform. A software developer said, "Using the special one (EGC) goes against the trend. I don't want to use it if new machines come out so frequently." 556:

did the product planning. The development team initially planned for the new personal computer to be a small version of the business computer line which originated from the 1973 NEAC System 100. Kazuya Watanabe stated that the personal computer must have

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In October 1987, Epson released the PC-286L which was a PC-98 compatible laptop before NEC started development of their own laptop. In March 1988, NEC released the PC-9801LV which was a 100% PC-98 compatible laptop. It was accomplished by three custom

766:, not MS-DOS, and was marketed by Fujitsu's Electronic Devices department instead of the Computers department. They modified their policies in mid-1985, but it was too late. In another incident, Fujitsu bundled a business software package with the 937:. NEC countered that the PC-286 model 0 lacked compatibility with the PC-98. Although it seemed NEC would not be able to win the lawsuit, Epson settled with NEC in November 1987 after considering the damage that would be done to their reputation. 970:, a true laptop computer which was light and battery operated. It made annual sales of 170,000 units. Four months later, NEC released the PC-9801N and branded it as the "98NOTE". The DynaBook started off well but the 98NOTE outsold it in 1990. 1562:

is based around these features, although in some PC-9801 models it is integrated with the motherboard. It was replaced by the PC-9801-26K to support the 80286 CPU. This became the most common sound card for playing in-game music on the PC-98.

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CPU clocked at 10 MHz, and was released in July 1985. The VM2 model shipped with two 5¼-inch 2HD floppy drives and supports both 2DD and 2HD floppy disks. It became the best-selling computer in Japan, with annual sales of 210,000 units.

432:(15.8%). NEC did not have a presence in the consumer market, and its subsidiary, New Nippon Electric (later NEC Home Electronics), had limited success with consumer products. NEC's Information Processing Group, which developed mainframes and 704:

drives, and it can run software developed for N88-BASIC with a few modifications. For new buyers, it required either an expensive 1232 KB 8-inch floppy drive or a smaller capacity 320 KB 5¼-inch floppy drive. The basic system can display

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series. The higher display resolution and higher storage capacity allowed better graphics, but because of the PC-98's lack of hardware sprites, most of the games made for the system were slow-paced. As a result of this limitation, adult

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PC-98LT laptop computer. This model had poor compatibility with the PC-9801 and could not gain a significant profit. NEC understood, despite difficulties, that the PC-98 needed a new custom chipset to make the motherboard smaller.

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In the early 1980s, home users chose 8-bit machines rather than 16-bit machines because 16-bit systems were expensive and designed exclusively for business. By the mid-1980s, the Japanese home computer market was dominated by the

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with its thousands of characters. In addition, Japanese computer manufacturers marketed personal computers that were based on each proprietary architecture for the domestic market. Global PC manufacturers, with the exception of

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memory boards for C-bus are also available. The PC-9821Af introduced in 1993 shipped with standard 72-pin SIMMs, broke the 14.6 MB barrier, and supported memory up to 79.6 MB. Later desktop models shipped with standard SIMM or

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enough, and 1 MB is preferable. We want to choose a 1 MB floppy drive, but its 8-inch drive is expensive, and its 5-inch drive lacks reliability. So, we think 640 KB is the best choice. Also, it can read a 320 KB floppy disk".

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because they assumed microprocessors were not suitable for computing as they suffered from a lack of performance and reliability. However, the Electronic Device Sales Division developed the microprocessor evaluation kit

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to handle Japanese text by using special video chips, the Japanese keyboard, and software written for it. However, the AX could not break into the Japanese PC market due to its higher cost and less compatible software.

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audio playback, MS-DOS 5.0A, and Windows 3.0A. In January 1993, PC-98 desktops were expanded into three lines: a high-performance Windows-based line named "98MATE", a low-priced MS-DOS line named "98FELLOW", and an

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CPU running at 20 MHz, which was faster than NEC's flagship PC-9801FA, which had a 486SX running at 16 MHz. In January 1993, NEC released the 98MATE to compete with Epson's clones and DOS/V computers.

1473:, although early models provided the double-byte character set as an option. Each character has a variety of display options, including bits for secret, blinking, reverse, underline, and three intensity bits ( 1465:, and the character generator generates a video signal from two bytes of the character code and a single byte of the attribute. The font ROM contains over 7,000 glyphs including the single-byte character set 997:

platform for home users. Both have rich graphics and sound capabilities in comparison to the basic configuration of PC-98. They enjoyed modest success, but not enough to threaten the domination of the PC-98.

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FM synthesis and adds support for CD-quality PCM playback. The latter has a reasonable price and fully backward compatibility with the 26K sound card, so it gained strong support in PC games. Due to lack of

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operating system enabled IBM clones to display Japanese text by using a software font only, giving a chance for global PC manufacturers to enter the Japanese PC market. The PC-98 is a non-IBM compatible

2985:...its venerable PC 9800 series, which has sold more than 18 million units over the years, and is the reason why NEC has been the number one PC vendor in Japan for as long as anyone can remember. 724:. Its successor, the PC-9801F, employs an 8086-2 CPU, which can selectively run at a speed of either 5 or 8 MHz. The F2 model contains two 640 KB 5¼-inch 2DD (quad density) floppy drives, a 2742:

already had office automation with the PC-8000, but it lacked speed and kanji support. Then, the PC-9800 was released, and it was perfect, so distributors and users immediately switched to it."

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overturned the dominance of the PC-98. The difference in the architecture was not only ineffective for platform-independent environments but also increasing development resources to adopt them.

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monitor. Both provided users with a more comfortable Japanese environment. A senior vice president of Otsuka Shokai (a computer distributor for enterprises) recalled that "early users such as

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Many PC-9801 models can increase system memory by installing expansion boards, daughterboards, or proprietary SIMMs. They are limited to 14.6 MB, due to 24-bit address pins and reserve space.

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Onboard PC-9801-26 sound hardware, GRCG; UV2 (1986) came with 384 KB of RAM; UV21 (1987) came with 640 KB of RAM; UV11 (1988) was 45% the size of the UV21 and had 73% lower power consumption

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The team considered third-party developers to be very important for the market's expansion. They provided 50–100 prototypes and technical information for independent companies without a fee.

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handling games to be of minor importance, which made personal computers less attractive. He concluded that the actual value of personal computers must be found by not sellers but consumers.

770:(predecessor to FM-16β) which discouraged users from purchasing third-party software and forced them to use it for a specific purpose, which caused Fujitsu to fail to expand their platform. 2651:

Decoder (in C200/V and C233/V Model), built-in TV tuner, 13x CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive (read CD-ROM at 6x in C200/V Model and 8x in C233/V Model), 32 MB of RAM, 2x USB ports (in C233 Model)

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The PC-98 was primarily used for businesses and industry in Japan from 1980s to mid-1990s. As of September 1992, out of 16,000 PC-98 software applications, 60% of them were corporate

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PC-98 software generally ran from program and data disks (Disk 0 & 1 or A & B). For example, Ichitaro's system disk contained a runtime version of MS-DOS, main programs, an

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between 8 and 10 MHz and also offers an optional 8086 card because the V30 has different instruction cycles. The V30 has unique instructions which are not implemented in other

1819:) and its dictionary file. It used the entire space of an 1.2 MB floppy disk. In 1980s, most machines only had two floppy drives because HDDs were an expensive additional feature. 1586:

to resolve this, but the newer sound chip is not compatible with the older conventional sound cards. The PC-9801-118 (1995) sound card has both the YMF297 (hybrid of YM2608 and

399:, the demand for the PC-98 on which legacy applications depend had declined. In 1997, NEC abandoned compatibility with the PC-98 and released the PC98-NX series based on the 1056:

Towards the end of the 1980s, the Japanese PC game platform slowly shifted from PC-88 to PC-98, as the X68000 and the FM Towns also had a niche market. In the 1990s, many

3071:[Internationalization and International Competitiveness in Computer Companies (the 1950s to the 1990s) -Focusing on the Mainframe Business of IBM and Fujitsu-]. 833:

software and peripherals. While the competitors adopted the same Microsoft's BASIC, they didn't disclose them. This difference in attitude is reflected in today's share.

1403:-inch floppy disks use the same logical format and data rate as 1232 KB 8-inch floppy disks. They became a non-standard format while formats brought by IBM PC/AT and 2750:

and software developers. After reforming personal computer lines in 1983, NEC began expanding the PC-9801 series and its number of models exceeded its competitors.

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The first generation of PC-9801s (the E, F and M models) only have an internal buzzer. PC-9801U2 and later models can change the sound frequency by controlling the

1882: 1158:, causing a price war in the Japanese PC market. In 1993, Toshiba introduced DOS/V computers, Epson founded Epson Direct Corporation to sell DOS/V computers, and 781:

NEC introduced the PC-9801M2 that has two 5¼-inch 2HD floppy drives against the release of FM-16β. This model cannot read 2DD floppy disks. The PC-9801VM uses an

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opinions are related to the slump in other PC sales including Fujitsu FMR, Sharp X68000, AX machines, Canon Navi and rapidly declining 8-bit machines like MSX."

2687: 561:, considered compatibility of peripheral devices with previous NEC PCs, and disclosed specifications of its expansion slot. In September 1981, Hamada requested 532:

Advert of NEC personal computers in 1982. From upper left, PC-6001, PC-8001, PC-8801, N5200, and PC-9801. The headline says "New release but useful right away."

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When the PC-9801 launched in 1982, it was initially priced at 298,000 yen (about US$ 1,200 in 1982 dollars). It can use PC-88 peripherals such as displays and

2937: 600:). A PC-9801 prototype was completed at the end of July 1982. The code of N88-BASIC (86) was written completely from scratch, but Nishi pointed out that the 508:), while the Information Processing Group made 16-bit business personal computers and the Electronic Devices Group made other personal computers such as the 4035: 1309:(Compatible Bus). The PC-9821Xf introduced in 1994 shipped with C-bus slots and PCI slots on the motherboard, replacing the proprietary local bus slot. 1049: 1292:

addressing, memory management and graphics output are also different. However, localized MS-DOS, Unix, OS/2, or Windows will still run on PC-9801s.

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Western computers lacked Japanese support due to its display resolution and memory, so they could not get into the Japanese PC market until the

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In the 1980s and early 1990s, NEC dominated the Japanese domestic PC market with more than 60% of the PCs sold as PC-9801 or PC-8801. In 1990,

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The high-resolution machines (PC-98XA, XL and PC-H98) offered an 1120 × 750 display mode and aimed for tasks such as CAD and word processing.

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market, and, by 1999, more than 18 million units had been sold. While NEC did not market these specific machines in the West, it sold the NEC

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infringed their copyright. Epson canceled their PC-286 model 1-4 and released the PC-286 model 0 whose BIOS was made by another team under a

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packages were available for PC-98. In 1987, NEC announced one million PC-98s were shipped, and about 3,000 software packages were available.

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was also ported to PC-98 first in 1986. 1 million copies of all Ichitaro versions and 500,000 copies of Lotus 1-2-3 were shipped by 1991.

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Japan released the DualStation 386 SX/16 in 1990 which was both PC-9801 and IBM PC compatible, but it failed because of poor marketing.

748: 3066: 1143: 871:, which had similar hardware as early PC-98 models. However, NEC began selling an IBM clone (APC IV) outside Japan in 1986. By 1990, 1575:

support and poor sound drivers, it often has issues in Windows and created popping and clicking sounds. Late PC-9821 models use the

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of 5 MHz, with two μPD7220 display controllers (one for text, the other for video graphics), and was shipped with 128 KB of

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since the autumn of 1983, while their desktops were a failure in the Japanese PC market. In October 1986, they introduced the

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and interface card kit was introduced for PC-98 in 1983. The PC-9801F3 and later models have a mouse interface. Although the

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N88-BASIC and designing N88-BASIC(86). After the team finished in March 1982, they started development on the PC-9801 (named

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PC". He felt the PC-98 was an "ordinary" 16-bit personal computer, but it had plenty of games because it did not deny the

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display controller. Its architecture was similar to that of the PC-98, but it mostly ran the proprietary operating system

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in 1979, and it dominated 40% of the Japanese personal computer market in 1981. The vice president of NEC, Atsuyoshi Ōuchi

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In 1981, the Terminal Units Division of the Information Processing Group also launched the personal computer series

5088:[Model number (computers) - PC-9800 - NEC - Retro PC - Retro Computer People] (in Japanese). Archived from 5022: 2947: 2034:

level 1 kanji characters in ROM; F1 and F2 came with 128KB of RAM; F3 came with 256 KB of RAM and a 10 MB hard disk

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desktop line named "98MULTi". PC-98s were still popular among Japanese users because they had many applications.

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was the most popular genre for PC-98, which took advantage of higher clock speed and larger memory reserves. The

794: 4047: 1285: 2765:. He theorized that Fujitsu did not consider the 16-bit personal computer as a game platform, and considered 1900: 1454: 762:

CPU at 8 MHz and a 1.2 MB 5¼-inch 2HD (high density) floppy drive. The FM-16β failed because it bundled

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The PC-9801-26K was succeeded by the PC-9801-73 (1991) and PC-9801-86 (1993) sound card, which employs the

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NEC succeeded in attracting many third-party suppliers and dominated software production and distribution.

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Partial list of PC-98 models sold in the Japanese market (no 1992-2000 models, no notebook models, etc.).

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softwares and peripherals, but its strength in promotion, parts procurement and faith in the NEC brand."

1218: 1068: 1057: 581:. Three months later, Nishi rejected Hamada's request because Microsoft was busy with the development of 358:

lacked sufficient graphics capabilities to easily handle Japan's multiple writing systems, in particular

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NEC managed to adopt industrial standards and reduce costs. From 1993 to 1995, the PC-98 adopted 72-pin

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and was Windows-based IBM PC compatible but not DOS/V compatible. The PC-9801's last successor was the

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M1: 2 internal 2HD (1.2 MB) 5.25" floppy drives; M2: 1 internal 2HD 5.25" floppy drive and a 20 MB HD

1946:) kept it as the favored platform for PC game developers in Japan until the rise of the DOS/V clones. 1918: 4966: 2811: 1797: 697:

that can be expanded to 640 KB. Its 8-color display has a maximum resolution of 640×400 pixels.

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During the development of Windows 95, NEC sent an average of 20 engineers to Microsoft's office in

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respectively. The master display controller provides video timings and the memory address for the

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In 1997, NEC introduced the PC98-NX series as a main personal computer line that conformed to the

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controller synchronizes with the master, so the text screen can be overlapped onto the graphics.

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The PC-98 supports up to four floppy drives. If the system is booted from a floppy drive, MS-DOS

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chips. These chipsets are also used in other desktops such as the PC-9801UV11 and the PC-9801RA.

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since the 1950s. By 1976, the company had the 4th highest mainframe sales (10.4%) in Japan after

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Datenverarbeitung, Gesellschaft für Mathematik und; Berlin, Japanisch Deutsches Zentrum (1990).

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became popular among IBM PC clones in the 1990s, the bus mouse was used until the end of PC-98.

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86C928. Video cards for C-bus, local bus and PCI are also available from other manufacturers.

455:, a developer of the TK-80, observed the rise in popularity of personal computers at the 1977 5332: 5200: 4737: 4652: 4484: 3444: 2782: 2727: 1778: 1576: 1404: 1277: 1062: 1038: 3001: 1217:

card slots. NEC had outsourced manufacturing of motherboards to Taiwanese companies such as

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and was distinguished within personal computer lines. For this market, Fujitsu released the

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XFER and five function keys. Later models have some minor changes: NFER, 15 function keys,

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processors. Some PC-98 applications use them, so the PC-9801VX (1986) was designed to run

8: 4357: 4278: 2786: 1812: 1629: 1605: 1555: 1462: 1441: 1346: 1011: 853:

and a V30. The PC-9801DA (1990) does not have this, but its clock speed is configurable.

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640×400 resolution with 16 colors chosen from among 4096; VX4/WN bundled MS-DOS 3.1 and

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Reduced size by 12% in comparison to the 9801VX, covered floppy drives to dampen sound

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Usage share of personal computers at home as of 1989, 509 Japanese businessmen answered

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In May 1992, Epson released a high performance machine, the PC-486GR. It has a 32-bit

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and named it the PC-286 series. NEC investigated and sued Epson on the claim that its

5048: 4953:

Innovation and Control in Standards Architectures: The Rise and Fall of Japan's PC-98

4930: 4894: 4862: 4837: 4811: 4779: 4712: 4629: 4594: 4561: 4520: 4465: 4336: 4260: 4230: 4200: 4139: 4072: 4043: 4017: 3983: 3891: 3858: 3763: 3692: 3660: 3598: 3569: 3513: 3479: 3421: 3389: 3355: 3323: 3296: 3265: 3206: 3174: 3146: 3142: 3107: 3045: 2917: 2757:

Yasuhiro Uchida, a literature professor, wrote an essay titled "Users chose the most

1888: 1871: 1843: 1774: 1725: 1716:

PC-98 clones for a while because NEC had kept a 50% share of the Japanese PC market.

1628:

The first PC-9801 model has the same keyboard layout as the PC-8801's except it adds

1289: 1244:. Even though the PC-98 uses some IBM clone components, Windows requires the special 1174: 1074: 934: 930: 562: 437: 392: 336: 279: 265: 89: 4378: 2116:

640×400 resolution with 8 colors (16 colors optional) chosen from a palette of 4096

2097:

640×400 resolution with 8 colors (16 colors optional) chosen from a palette of 4096

1590:) and the WSS audio, but its PCM playback is not compatible with the 86 sound card. 1349:, but their I/O ports and memory addressing are quite different from normal PC-98s. 837:

NEC took care to maintain compatibility and inheritance. The PC-9801VM can select a

677: 346:

The PC-98 was initially released as a business-oriented personal computer which had

30:"PC 98" redirects here. For the 1998 computer guideline by Microsoft and Intel, see 5227: 4034: 3287: 3076: 2778: 2735: 2637: 2529: 1804:, was released in 1985 and ported to other machines in 1987. A Japanese version of 1609: 1053:

series were particularly popular and they established PC-98 as a PC game platform.

946: 922: 717: 368: 164: 2430:

1.6 to 3.6 MB of RAM, 86 sound card (optional), supports 1.44MB 3.5" floppy disks

387:-based computer and is thus capable of running ported (and localized) versions of 5353: 5026: 2968: 2739: 2734:, said two advantages that the PC-98 had were its kanji character memory and non- 2609: 1827: 1478: 1326: 1317: 1177:

PC, the PC-9821 which contained an Intel 386SX processor, a CD-ROM drive, 16-bit

1119: 974: 960: 940: 895: 838: 710: 558: 78: 4093: 1481:). The other display controller is set to slave mode and connected to 256 KB of 378:

By 1990, average CPUs and graphics capabilities were sufficiently improved. The

5232: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5133: 2834: 1942: 1281: 1088: 721: 566: 513: 509: 505: 351: 255: 3784: 1781:), 10% of them were operating systems and development tools, 10% of them were 1753: 1620: 1531: 1450: 1421:

The PC-98 uses several different interfaces of hard drives. Early models used

867:

While NEC did not market these specific machines in the West, it sold the NEC

631: 5400: 5252: 5105: 4934: 4815: 4633: 4565: 4469: 4264: 4234: 4204: 4143: 4021: 3987: 3895: 3862: 3517: 3483: 3425: 3300: 3210: 2578: 2533: 1987: 1708: 1567: 1548: 1245: 1183: 978: 910: 825: 652: 460: 433: 1511:

In 1993, NEC introduced a 2D Windows accelerator card for PC-98, called the

812:

Usage share of 36165 personal computers in 937 Japanese companies as of 1989

685:

The first model, the PC-9801, launched in October 1982, and employs an 8086

335:

from 1982 to 2000. The platform established NEC's dominance in the Japanese

5242: 3120: 3022: 1924: 1847: 1787: 1719: 1551: 1300: 1265: 1084: 1030: 2560:

850 MB hard disk, built-in TV tuner, MS-DOS 6.2/Windows 3.1 pre-installed

2009:

Essentially the same as PC-9801, integrated logical circuits into several

1357:

Early PC-9801 models supported 1232 KB 8-inch floppy drives and/or 640 KB

753: 3241: 2472: 2328: 2185: 2158: 2141: 1876: 1805: 1583: 1516: 1426: 1415: 1043: 1026: 850: 846: 759: 701: 690: 643: 35: 5019: 3847:

ASCII EXPRESS : 日本電気がPC-9800シリーズの新機種を発表、PC-9801UV21互換のラップトップを含む3機種。

3041: 2708:

NEC responded quickly to the new demand for business personal computers.

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lines and I/O ports. Later models support both interfaces. High density

5327: 5207: 5195: 4103: 2619: 2031: 1867: 1559: 1544: 1470: 1466: 1234: 1080: 1060:

were developed for the PC-98 or imported from other platforms, such as

994: 741: 725: 706: 669: 647: 627: 578: 574: 517: 396: 364: 340: 198: 42: 1596:

released a music production starter kit for PC-98, which combines the

856:

NEC focused heavily on financing advertisements and exhibitions, from

773: 221: 5257: 4742: 4489: 3688: 3539: 3006: 2879:[PC-9800 Series Discontinuation Notification] (in Japanese). 2731: 2575: 2052: 1704: 1663: 1659: 1637: 1474: 1136: 904: 842: 606: 570: 417: 355: 2714:

NEC adopted Microsoft's MS-DOS as an operating system for the PC-98.

2409:

3.6 MB of RAM, onboard 86 sound, supports 1.44 MB 3.5" floppy disks

1800:, a Japanese word processor for the PC-98 and considered one of its 1233:

Aside from other Japanese domestic platforms which had disappeared,

1135:

operating system which enabled displaying Japanese text on standard

5348: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5070:[With98 : PC-98 Data Bank] (in Japanese). (unofficial) 4991:"From Chaos to Competition - Japan's PC industry in transformation" 4557: 3565: 3170: 2849: 2818: 2807: 2723: 1791: 1733: 1034: 990: 950:

August 1987 issue. The headline says "Offices know the real thing."

658: 621: 601: 582: 536:

In the Information Processing Small Systems Division, Shunzō Hamada

210: 55: 4464:(in Japanese). 1994-09-12. Nikkei Business Publications: 136–142. 4138:(in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications: 132–137. 1993-06-21. 4016:(in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications: 110–115. 1992-02-03. 3982:(in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications: 130–145. 1993-03-15. 2416:, 640×480 resolution with 256 colors, MS-DOS 5.0A-H pre-installed 1863: 64: 2791: 2662: 2644: 2605: 2066: 1855: 1851: 1823: 1520: 1501: 1492:

The PC-9801U (optional) and VM introduced a custom chipset GRCG (

1261: 1241: 1222: 1159: 891: 868: 782: 763: 577:

processor, and Nishi replied, saying that he wanted to talk with

479: 429: 425: 178: 170: 5149: 1674: 883: 5274: 2839: 2766: 2722:

and faster computers came out; for example, IBM Japan sold the

2648: 2525: 2433:

Hard disk: none or 80 MB with IDE, MS-DOS 5.0A-H pre-installed

2395:

640x480 resolution with 256 colors, Windows 3.0A pre-installed

2387: 1831: 1766: 1587: 1201:

storage drives, a 640×480 DOS screen mode, 2D GUI acceleration

1147: 1020:

Japanese domestic PC shipments by bit designs from 1983 to 1993

986: 899: 820: 733: 445:, which became unexpectedly popular among hobbyists. Tomio Gotō 388: 328: 324: 233: 174: 4404: 3068:コンピュータ企業における国際化と国際競争力(1950年代～1990年代まで) -IBMと富士通のメインフレーム事業を中心に- 2730:. Yoshihiko Hyodo, a programmer who developed the text editor 2685: 1146:(OADG) organized by IBM Japan and Microsoft. In October 1992, 5247: 4585:[The history of PC-9801 series traced by Ichitaro]. 3791: 2719: 1835: 1758: 1729: 1682: 1597: 1547:. The PC-8801mkIISR home computer, introduced in 1985, has a 1132: 1108: 1099: 918: 767: 714: 616: 442: 379: 359: 321: 186: 5122: 5085:モデルナンバー（本体） - PC-9800 - NEC - レトロＰＣ - Retro Computer People 4485:"AST Announces Dual Operating System PC For Japanese Market" 2810:

the Japanese computer market. Takayoshi Shina, a founder of

1786:

answered, 82% of users used it for word processing, 72% for

3880:

PRODUCTS SHOWCASE : 低価格386マシン&ソフトも一新 PC-9801RAシリーズ

2844: 2601: 2510:

Built-in TV tuner, MS-DOS 5.0A-H/Windows 3.1 pre-installed

2468: 1839: 1816: 1762: 1601: 1430: 1331: 1190: 966:

In July 1989, Toshiba released the J-3100SS branded as the

926: 626:, which was branded as the "personal terminal". It used an 182: 5123:

Neko Project II, a PC-98 emulator for Windows and Mac OS X

5110:[Naochima-ya - Old catalogue museum] (in Japanese) 5064: 2467:

7.6 MB of RAM, broke 14.6 MB memory barrier, JEDEC 72-pin

1696:

between 1987 and 1995, as well as compatible peripherals.

1280:

in many ways; for instance, it uses its own 16-bit C-bus (

5180: 3202: 2880: 2854: 2613: 2075:

Included JIS level 1 and level 2 kanji characters in ROM

1633: 1178: 1128: 421: 384: 332: 4738:"West tries to meet East: Chinese characters on HP 3000" 4280:

PCIバス用 S3社Savage2000搭載 DVI出力対応グラフィックアクセラレータ GA-S2K32/PCI

2277:

Onboard 26K sound, software menus replaced DIP switches

1993:

640×400 8 colors, 2 external 8" floppy drives (optional)

1883:

YU-NO: A Girl Who Chants Love at the Bound of this World

592:

In February 1982, the software development team started

4967:"DOS/V: The Soft(ware) Solution to Hard(ware) Problems" 3679: 2340:

F means "File slot", proprietary memory expansion slot

1523:

7.0a is the last official supported version for PC-98.

819:

NEC permitted software companies to bundle a subset of

4810:(in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications: 180–190. 4229:(in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications: 160–164. 4199:(in Japanese). Nikkei Business Publications: 182–187. 3536:"Lotus Perseveres to Unveil Japanese Version of 1-2-3" 1822:

NEC provided a variety of operating systems including

709:

characters including numbers, English characters, and

3239:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier", 2702:

established the nation of Japanese personal computers

1142:

adapters. Other Japanese PC manufacturers joined the

878: 4766: 4764: 4123: 4121: 4119: 2910:

PC-9800シリーズの生みの親が語る「日本標準機」の誕生秘話 : NEC 小澤昇インタビュー

343:, which had similar hardware to early PC-98 models. 4036:

Japan Electronic Industries Development Association

3226:"Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier" 1445:

Drawing 8 color characters and 16 color background.

973:Microsoft and other PC manufacturers developed the 4593:] (in Japanese). ASCII. 2004. pp. 87–92. 3747: 3002:"U.S. computer companies: Get off your high horse" 1558:and BASIC sound commands. The optional PC-9801-26 1169:"Which is the PC you want to buy next?" (May 1993) 478:The Electronic Device Sales Division launched the 5047:[PC Museum] (in Japanese). Archived from 4916:ハード最前線：日本電気PC-9800VX01/21/41/41WN 互換機巻き返しは高速化マシンで 4761: 4116: 3456: 3341: 3339: 849:and V30 selectively. The PC-9801RA (1988) has an 5398: 4577: 4575: 3786:業界タイムマシン19XX--Trip11：セイコーエプソン vs. NEC PC-98互換機騒動 1162:started selling DOS/V computers branded as FMV. 4893:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. pp. 124–127. 4673:Insider's Eye：速報：Windows 2000製品版CD-ROMの内容 - ＠IT 3874: 3872: 3841: 3839: 3659:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. pp. 130–137. 3529: 3527: 3407: 3405: 3388:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. pp. 128–129. 2794:platform. He believed most programmers learned 1414:to all of the floppy drives before considering 463:. Goto and his section manager, Kazuya Watanabe 311: 291: 4379:"DTMのルーツ、1988年に登場したミュージくんの衝撃｜藤本健の "DTMステーション"" 4155: 4153: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3336: 3264:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. pp. 94–105. 2916:(in Japanese). ASCII. 2004. pp. 114–120. 2806:In the late 1980s, competitors accused NEC of 2671:24x CD-ROM drive, 32 MB of RAM, 8 GB hard disk 2037:Internal 2DD (640KB/720KB) 5.25" floppy drive 1643: 1508:). It had raster operations and bit shifting. 1337:The PC-98XA (1985) and its successors, called 549: 539: 485: 466: 448: 305: 5165: 4961:, Vol. 11, No. 2, June 2000, pp. 197–216 4830:アメリカで辛酸を嘗め思考を180度転換したことがPC-9800シリーズへの成功へつながった 4572: 3611: 3597:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. pp. 90–91. 3533: 3463:松岡, 資明; 中川, 貴雄; 礒田, 温之; 西村, 裕 (1989-04-10). 3354:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. pp. 58–59. 3322:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・ニュース社. pp. 76–89. 3101: 3099: 3097: 2680: 2612:3D accelerator, 3 to 6 GB hard disk, 2x 1173:In November 1992, NEC introduced a mid-range 27:Series of PCs by NEC, sold primarily in Japan 4778:(in Japanese). ASCII. 2004. pp. 17–21. 4540: 4538: 4536: 3869: 3836: 3653:パソコン産業"互換機元年" 真の「ユーザー利益」は、「企業利益」追求の互換機ビジネスから 3524: 3402: 3223: 3127: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2636:28 inch (in C200 Model) or optional 32 inch 2478:510 MB hard disk, Windows 3.1 pre-installed 2150:640 KB RAM, EGC (Enhanced Graphic Charger), 1604:interface card and a MIDI editing software. 4880: 4878: 4822: 4482: 4150: 3637: 3368: 3316:ドキュメント・NECのPC戦略―市場制覇への道を切り拓いた戦士達その決断と挑戦の歴史 3192: 3190: 1862:steady flow of game titles (in particular " 1114: 736:in October 1983 and attempted to present a 5172: 5158: 4964: 4920:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 4861:(in Japanese). 日本工業新聞社. pp. 162–167. 4836:(in Japanese). ASCII. 2004. pp. 4–9. 4805:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 4735: 4591:Coming back the legend of PC-9801 Volume 1 4519:(in Japanese). 日本工業新聞社. pp. 205–206. 4459:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 4224:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 4220:NECはWin 95で98らしさをだせたか―ほとんどなくなった98とDOS/Vの違い 4194:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 4133:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 4011:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 3977:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 3503:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 3469:Nikkei-Pasokon = Nikkei Personal Computing 3094: 732:The Electronic Devices Group launched the 63: 54: 4965:Myers, Steven; Smith, Greg (March 1995). 4533: 3512:. Nikkei Business Publications: 178–182. 3196: 2895: 1371:-inch floppy drives. Each used different 4875: 4376: 4071:(in Japanese). ASCII. pp. 121–125. 4042:(in Japanese). コンピュータ・エージ社. p. 31. 3462: 3258:NECのハード開発戦略ユーザーをとらえた「互換性と継承性の追求」優先の製品開発 3187: 2790:expanded the video game business on the 2647:3D accelerator (in C166 Model), DVD and 1752: 1744: 1673: 1619: 1530: 1500:in parallel. The PC-9801VX introduced a 1440: 1316: 1299: 1164: 1118: 1015: 1005: 939: 882: 772: 676: 668: 527: 5037:Info about NEC PC-9801M with uPD8086D-2 4163:小高輝真の「いまどきの９８」 : PC-9800からPC98-NXへ 3950:Information Processing Society of Japan 3920:Information Processing Society of Japan 3824:Information Processing Society of Japan 3723:Information Processing Society of Japan 2700:A journalist explained in 1988 how NEC 2016:2 external 8" floppy drives (optional) 1154:compared to the lowest priced PC-98 at 875:PC-9800/9801 units were sold in Japan. 224:, 640 × 400 with 16 colors (from 4096) 14: 5422:Computer-related introductions in 1982 5399: 5032:PC 9801, the first model of the series 4455:戦略研究セイコーエプソン: 販売上向くも収益低下で正念場に立つ98互換路線 4402: 4095:激動の平成デジタルガジェット史第2回：平成4～6年（1992～1994年） 3036:SE編集部 (2010). "4. DOS/VとWindowsの時代". 2524:7.6 MB of RAM, 1x to 4x CD-ROM drive, 664: 5153: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3967: 3965: 3499:トピック・レポートソフト：機能不足が表面化，老兵「MS-DOS2.11」 3217: 3035: 2999: 2494:MS-DOS 6.2/Windows 3.1 pre-installed 546:directed the project and Noboru Ozawa 4988: 2995: 2993: 2588:PC-9821 Valuestar V Series V166-V233 1150:released a DOS/V computer priced at 1144:PC Open Architecture Developer Group 657:in 1981, and IBM Japan released the 4483:Li Nakamura, Roxanna (1990-04-16). 3782: 2412:Hard disk: none or 120-510 MB with 1423:Shugart Associates System Interface 331:personal computers manufactured by 24: 4945: 4913: 4857:戸塚, 正康 (1991). "7万本のソフト資産を持つIBM". 4856: 4798: 4699:"Photo of motherboard of PC-9801M" 4514: 4355: 4217: 4187: 4159: 4129:パソコンユーザー実態調査第1部個人編他機種を引き離すPC-98 4091: 4062: 3994: 3962: 3741: 3650: 3588: 3559: 3496: 3379: 3345: 3313: 3255: 3105: 3064: 2092:256 KB RAM, GRCG (Graphic Charger) 1986:128 KB RAM, 6 C-bus slots, larger 1765:8 input method editor, running on 1469:and the double-byte character set 977:specification in 1987. It allowed 879:Race with laptops and PC-98 clones 713:, so most users added an optional 499:proposal from New Nippon Electric. 25: 5438: 5179: 5013: 4884: 4801:PC-9800はどこへ行く第2部緩やかに進化したベストセラー機 2990: 2643:TV Monitor, 3 or 4 GB hard disk, 2630:Pentium MMX @ 166 to 233 MHz 1636:status indicators, and replacing 371:, and the Japanese PC market was 69:PC-9801 with 8-inch floppy drives 5381: 5380: 5371: 5370: 5065:"With98 : PC-98 Dētabanku" 3228:. Hardcore Gaming 101. p. 2 2654:Windows 95 OSR2.1 pre-installed 2447:Essentially the same as PC-9821 2390:drive, onboard 86 sound hardware 2320:No /U means 5.25" floppy drives 2301:No /U means 5.25" floppy drives 2282:No /U means 5.25" floppy drives 1913:Hiōden: Mamono-tachi tono Chikai 1295: 1276:The PC-98 is different from the 1111:distributed by computer stores. 1087:appeared as a revival of 1980's 921:announced the first PC-98 clone 805: 793: 5001:from the original on 2017-01-16 4977:from the original on 2017-01-15 4907: 4850: 4792: 4736:Freiberger, Paul (1982-11-08). 4729: 4705: 4691: 4664: 4640: 4607: 4508: 4476: 4446: 4424: 4396: 4370: 4349: 4321: 4310:from the original on 2002-08-03 4294: 4271: 4241: 4211: 4181: 4085: 4056: 4028: 3932: 3902: 3806: 3776: 3735: 3705: 3673: 3582: 3553: 3490: 3465:調査：パソコン・シェア企業はPS/55、家庭はPC-9800 3432: 3307: 3278: 3249: 3159: 3135:秋葉原ビットイン誕生秘話 : 渡邊和也氏インタビュー 1669: 1091:and gained popularity, such as 4951:Joel West and Jason Dedrick, " 4452: 4432:"EPSON PC's DATABASE TOP PAGE" 3058: 3029: 2961: 2930: 2867: 2229:2 2HD/2DD 5.25" floppy drives 2213:2 2HD/2DD 5.25" floppy drives 2197:2 2HD/2DD 5.25" floppy drives 2114:2 2HD/2DD 5.25" floppy drives 2013:, mini DIN keyboard connector 1895:Mayonaka no Tantei Nightwalker 1707:for graphic processing and an 1407:became the industry standard. 523: 293:Pī Shī Kyūsen Happyaku Shirīzu 13: 1: 4560:: 64–164. 15 September 1993. 4546:特別企画 : 98とともに歩く、これからの10年 4007:なぜ広がらない98互換機ビジネス「幻の98互換機」があった 3440:日電ビジネス用パソコン好調―単一モデル1年で21万台出荷。 3000:Alsop, Stewart (1991-07-29). 2975:. 54–59. LINC Japan: 18. 1999 2860: 2528:MGA-II video accelerator, 2x 2263:2 2HD/2DD 3.5" floppy drives 2246:2 2HD/2DD 3.5" floppy drives 2177:2 2HD/2DD 3.5" floppy drives 2133:2 2HD/2DD 3.5" floppy drives 1761:for typing Japanese with the 1608:developed a C-bus variant of 1050:Romance of the Three Kingdoms 933:; it did not have a built-in 609:and NEC. Hamada approved it. 411: 367:, had failed to overcome the 5427:1982 establishments in Japan 4958:Information Systems Research 4377:Fujimoto, Ken (2013-08-22). 4335:(in Japanese). ASCII. 2007. 3534:Edward Warner (1986-09-08). 3476:Nikkei Business Publications 3079:. p. 91. Archived from 2801: 2695: 2690: 2608:drive, 32 MB of RAM, Matrox 758:in December 1984. It has an 7: 3285:"LOAD TEST: PC-9801F / E". 2828: 2798:on the PC-98 at that time. 2318:/U means 3.5" floppy drives 2299:/U means 3.5" floppy drives 2280:/U means 3.5" floppy drives 1874:, as well as games such as 1740: 1650:alternate action switches. 1615: 1541:programmable interval timer 1457:) with 12 KB and 256 KB of 1436: 1321:4 MB memory board for C-bus 1271: 1058:computer role-playing games 720:board for using a Japanese 312: 292: 114:; 31 years ago 101:; 41 years ago 10: 5443: 5020:Intro to NEC PC-9800 World 4889:. In コンピュータ・ニュース社 (ed.). 4515:戸塚, 正康 (1991). "98互換機の夢". 4410:[PC-98 Keyboard]. 4303:DirectX Home Page - ダウンロード 4249:新機種緊急レポート : PC-9801VX 4190:第2特集 : 浸透する台湾パソコン（前編） 3655:. In コンピュータ・ニュース社 (ed.). 3384:. In コンピュータ・ニュース社 (ed.). 3350:. In コンピュータ・ニュース社 (ed.). 3260:. In コンピュータ・ニュース社 (ed.). 2681:Timeline of PC-9801 models 2565:PC-9821Cx3 (98Multi Canbe) 2543:Hard disk: 270 to 1000 MB 2450:Windows 3.1 pre-installed 2124:NEC V30 @ 8 or 10 MHz 2095:2 2DD 5.25" floppy drives 1352: 1228: 1009: 638:. NEC introduced it as an 406: 40: 29: 5412:8086-based home computers 5366: 5341: 5273: 5266: 5188: 5143: 5138: 5130: 5067:With98 : PC-98データバンク 4989:Boyd, John (April 1997). 4887:IBM大型機の影響が見えるNECのパソコン開発戦略 4772:PC業界キーパーソンが語る思い出のPC-9801 4583:「一太郎」が知っているPC-9801シリーズの軌跡 4504:– via Google Books. 4306:. Microsoft. 2002-04-22. 3941:【日本電気】 PC-9801N（愛称98NOTE） 3197:日本電気社史編纂室 (2001-12-25). 3167:パソコン大図鑑最新・人気パソコン目的別全カタログ 3145:. 2004. pp. 98–103. 2772: 2627:PC-9821 Cereb (C166-C233) 2583:Windows 95 pre-installed 2078:2 2DD 3.5" floppy drives 1949: 1850:). Localized versions of 1644: 1449:A standard PC-98 has two 1312: 550: 540: 486: 467: 457:West Coast Computer Faire 449: 306: 283: 261: 251: 240: 228: 217: 205: 192: 163: 155: 137: 127: 95: 85: 74: 62: 53: 5417:Home video game consoles 5106: 5084: 5066: 5043: 4995:Computing Japan Magazine 4971:Computing Japan Magazine 4922: 4915: 4890: 4886: 4833: 4829: 4807: 4800: 4775: 4771: 4672: 4660:. 1991-07-06. p. 5. 4647: 4621: 4614: 4586: 4582: 4545: 4461: 4454: 4406: 4332: 4328: 4302: 4279: 4248: 4226: 4219: 4196: 4189: 4162: 4135: 4128: 4099: 4094: 4068: 4064: 4039: 4013: 4006: 3979: 3972: 3945: 3940: 3915: 3910: 3879: 3846: 3819: 3814: 3785: 3749: 3743: 3718: 3713: 3656: 3652: 3594: 3590: 3561: 3505: 3498: 3471: 3464: 3452:. 1986-08-18. p. 7. 3439: 3385: 3381: 3351: 3347: 3319: 3315: 3261: 3257: 3198: 3173:. 1981. pp. 30–31. 3166: 3138: 3134: 3108: 3067: 3037: 2938: 2913: 2909: 2875: 2674:Last computer of series 2645:VideoLogic Apocalypse 3D 2600:8x to 20x CD-ROM, or 2x 2243:ES2: no HD; ES5: 40MB HD 2045:8086-2 @ 5 or 8 MHz 2024:8086-2 @ 5 or 8 MHz 2003:8086-2 @ 5 or 8 MHz 1777:applications (including 1653: 1526: 1513:Window Accelerator Board 1506:Enhanced Graphic Charger 1429:, and later models used 1345:, are capable of 768 KB 1115:Price war with DOS/V PCs 375:from the global market. 298:, commonly shortened to 41:Not to be confused with 5140:NEC Personal Computers 4628:(2). 電波新聞社: 159. 1992. 2817:Unlike IBM PCs and the 2403:80486DX2 @ 66 MHz 2174:Onboard 26K sound, EGC 1937:J.B. Harold Murder Club 1919:Shūjin e no Pert-em-Hru 1535:PC-9801-26K Sound Board 1453:display controllers (a 1339:high-resolution machine 1193:, the 3.5-inch 1.44 MB 828:recalled in 1985 that: 201:@ 5 MHz and higher 141:September 30, 2003 5407:NEC personal computers 5376:NEC personal computers 4914:堀川, 明美 (1987-08-10). 4799:服部, 雅幸 (1989-05-01). 4218:本間, 健司 (1996-02-12). 4188:木瀬, 裕次 (1995-03-13). 3911:【東芝】 DynaBook J-3100SS 3783:大河原, 克行 (2007-09-28). 3742:関口, 和一 (2000-03-06). 3591:NECのイメージアップ作戦を指揮した3人の男 3589:佐野, 真一 (1988-02-17). 3562:インテル・マイクロソフトウィンテル神話の嘘 3497:服部, 雅幸 (1991-01-21). 3382:一番"遊戯性"の高いPCをユーザーは選択した 3314:田中, 繁廣 (1988-02-17). 2568:Pentium @ 100 MHz 2518:Pentium @ 90 MHz 2424:80486DX @ 40 MHz 2188:DX @ 16 or 20 MHz 1770: 1750: 1679: 1625: 1624:Typical PC-98 keyboard 1600:synthesizer module, a 1536: 1446: 1322: 1305: 1304:Expansion slot (C-bus) 1258:PC System Design Guide 1170: 1124: 1021: 951: 888: 860:in the 1970s, to over 835: 778: 682: 674: 533: 501: 436:, had not developed a 401:PC System Design Guide 348:backward compatibility 143:; 20 years ago 32:PC System Design Guide 4834:蘇るPC-9801伝説永久保存版第1弾 4776:蘇るPC-9801伝説永久保存版第1弾 4653:Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun 4587:蘇るPC-9801伝説永久保存版第1弾 4403:yagura (2002-10-18). 4333:蘇るPC-9801伝説永久保存版第2弾 4259:(12): 130–133. 1986. 4160:小高, 輝真 (1997-09-26). 4069:蘇るPC-9801伝説永久保存版第1弾 3973:特集 : 追う98、追われる98 3445:Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun 3139:蘇るPC-9801伝説永久保存版第1弾 2944:NTT PC Communications 2914:蘇るPC-9801伝説永久保存版第1弾 2783:Japanese input method 2594:@ 166 to 233 MHz 2551:Pentium @ 75 MHz 2502:Pentium @ 60 MHz 2486:80486SX @ 33 MHz 2441:80486SX @ 25 MHz 2364:80386SX @ 16 MHz 2348:80386DX @ 16 MHz 2290:80386SX @ 16 MHz 2271:80386DX @ 20 MHz 2237:80386SX @ 16 MHz 2205:80386SX @ 16 MHz 2105:NEC V30 @ 10 MHz 1858:were also available. 1794:, and 43% for games. 1756: 1749:Lotus 1-2-3 for PC-98 1748: 1677: 1623: 1577:Crystal Semiconductor 1534: 1504:chip called the EGC ( 1444: 1320: 1303: 1221:and GVC (acquired by 1168: 1131:Japan introduced the 1122: 1019: 1006:As a PC game platform 943: 886: 830: 776: 747:Fujitsu released the 680: 672: 531: 496: 5092:on December 10, 2014 5051:on February 15, 2002 4717:PC-9800.net (With98) 4658:Nihon Keizai Shimbun 4329:PC-9801めくるめく音源ボードの世界 4092:鎌田, 剛 (2019-01-10). 3890:(9): 189–195. 1988. 3756:Nihon Keizai Shimbun 3450:Nihon Keizai Shimbun 3420:(9): 249–256. 1985. 3412:"PC-9801VM/VF徹底研究". 3295:(3): 174–190. 1984. 3112:(in Japanese). ボイジャー 2876:PC-9800シリーズ受注終了のお知らせ 2796:computer programming 2086:NEC V30 @ 8 MHz 1846:(discontinued after 1783:educational software 1581:Windows Sound System 1496:) to access several 1207:Windows Sound System 993:intended to offer a 681:PC-9801F motherboard 640:intelligent terminal 350:with the successful 34:. For the gene, see 4648:ロータス、「1-2-3」強化版を発売。 4358:"PC-9801-118 / NEC" 3619:"Old-Computers.com" 3245:, no. 67, 2009 3044:. pp. 95–115. 2787:video game industry 2475:928 2D accelerator 2309:80286 @ 12 MHz 2254:80286 @ 12 MHz 2221:80286 @ 12 MHz 2168:80286 @ 10 MHz 1813:input method editor 1802:killer applications 1556:Atari joystick port 1515:, which employed a 1463:character generator 1105:video game consoles 1012:List of PC-98 games 665:Release and growing 594:reverse engineering 50: 5386:NEC supercomputers 5189:Personal computers 5144:Succeeded by 5025:2015-06-02 at the 4927:Nikkei McGraw-Hill 4891:100万人の謎を解くザ・PCの系譜 3815:【セイコーエプソン】 PC-286L 3657:100万人の謎を解くザ・PCの系譜 3595:100万人の謎を解くザ・PCの系譜 3386:100万人の謎を解くザ・PCの系譜 3352:100万人の謎を解くザ・PCの系譜 3320:100万人の謎を解くザ・PCの系譜 3262:100万人の謎を解くザ・PCの系譜 3224:John Szczepaniak. 2370:Onboard 26K sound 2354:Onboard 26K sound 2337:Onboard 26K sound 2315:Onboard 26K sound 2296:Onboard 26K sound 2260:Onboard 26K sound 2144:@ 8 or 10 MHz 1771: 1751: 1680: 1626: 1537: 1455:master and a slave 1447: 1323: 1306: 1171: 1125: 1022: 952: 909:which allowed the 889: 779: 683: 675: 534: 128:Introductory price 112:November 1992 48: 5394: 5393: 5362: 5361: 5342:SX-related topics 5333:SX-Aurora TSUBASA 5148: 5147: 5107:なおちま屋 = 昔のカタログ保存館 4342:978-4-7561-4883-4 4065:PC-9801 魂の名作ゲームの旅 3698:978-90-5199-022-5 3625:on April 23, 2011 3051:978-4-7981-2189-5 2969:"Computing Japan" 2785:and the Japanese 2678: 2677: 2620:Windows 95 OSR2.1 1980:8086 @ 5 MHz 1889:Koutetsu no Kishi 1775:business software 1284:) instead of the 1075:Alone in the Dark 935:BASIC interpreter 931:clean room design 659:Multistation 5550 438:personal computer 393:Microsoft Windows 337:personal computer 320:, is a lineup of 271: 270: 266:Japanese language 244:100 VAC ～ 99:October 1982 90:Personal computer 16:(Redirected from 5434: 5384: 5383: 5374: 5373: 5271: 5270: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5151: 5150: 5131:Preceded by 5128: 5127: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4985: 4983: 4982: 4939: 4938: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4882: 4873: 4872: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4768: 4759: 4758: 4756: 4755: 4733: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4685: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4579: 4570: 4569: 4542: 4531: 4530: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4390: 4383:藤本健の “DTMステーション” 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4315: 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4168:Impress PC Watch 4157: 4148: 4147: 4125: 4114: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4063:阿部, 広樹 (2004). 4060: 4054: 4053: 4032: 4026: 4025: 4003: 3992: 3991: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3956: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3926: 3906: 3900: 3899: 3876: 3867: 3866: 3843: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3780: 3774: 3773: 3753: 3739: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3677: 3671: 3670: 3651:松尾, 博志 (1988). 3648: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3621:. Archived from 3615: 3609: 3608: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3560:小林, 紀興 (1997). 3557: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3547: 3531: 3522: 3521: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3409: 3400: 3399: 3380:内田, 保廣 (1988). 3377: 3366: 3365: 3348:NECがパソコン王国になった理由 3346:小林, 紀興 (1988). 3343: 3334: 3333: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3256:神永, 裕人 (1988). 3253: 3247: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3131: 3125: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3103: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3088: 3077:Meiji University 3073:Meiji Repository 3062: 3056: 3055: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3020: 3019: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2982: 2980: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2955: 2946:. Archived from 2934: 2928: 2927: 2906: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2871: 2777:A writer of the 2393:40 MB hard disk, 2331:SX @ 16 MHz 2111:384 KB RAM, GRCG 1957: 1956: 1695: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1610:Sound Blaster 16 1402: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1370: 1369: 1365: 1362: 1157: 1153: 1123:PC-9821Ap (1993) 1039:simulation games 923:desktop computer 908: 896:laptop computers 887:PC-9801LS (1988) 874: 863: 859: 809: 797: 777:PC-9801VM (1985) 757: 656: 630:processor and a 625: 555: 553: 552: 545: 543: 542: 493: 491: 490: 474: 472: 471: 454: 452: 451: 369:language barrier 319: 318: 315: 309: 308: 297: 295: 285: 247: 165:Operating system 151: 149: 144: 133: 122: 120: 115: 109: 107: 102: 67: 58: 51: 47: 21: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5431: 5397: 5396: 5395: 5390: 5358: 5354:Earth Simulator 5337: 5262: 5184: 5178: 5136: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5095: 5093: 5086: 5082: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5063: 5054: 5052: 5045: 5041: 5027:Wayback Machine 5016: 5004: 5002: 4980: 4978: 4948: 4946:Further reading 4943: 4942: 4925:(in Japanese). 4924: 4917: 4912: 4908: 4901: 4892: 4888: 4885:広, 一蘭 (1988). 4883: 4876: 4869: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4835: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4809: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4786: 4777: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4762: 4753: 4751: 4734: 4730: 4721: 4719: 4713:"PC-9801VX4/WN" 4711: 4710: 4706: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4683: 4681: 4674: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4649: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4623: 4616: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4601: 4588: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4573: 4552:(in Japanese). 4547: 4544: 4543: 4534: 4527: 4513: 4509: 4500: 4498: 4481: 4477: 4463: 4456: 4451: 4447: 4437: 4435: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4416: 4414: 4408: 4405:"PC-98 Kībōdo" 4401: 4397: 4388: 4386: 4375: 4371: 4362: 4360: 4354: 4350: 4343: 4334: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4313: 4311: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4286: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4276: 4272: 4250: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4228: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4198: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4173: 4171: 4164: 4158: 4151: 4137: 4130: 4127: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4106: 4102:(in Japanese). 4101: 4096: 4090: 4086: 4079: 4070: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4041: 4033: 4029: 4015: 4008: 4005: 4004: 3995: 3981: 3974: 3971: 3970: 3963: 3954: 3952: 3947: 3942: 3938: 3937: 3933: 3924: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3886:(in Japanese). 3881: 3878: 3877: 3870: 3853:(in Japanese). 3848: 3845: 3844: 3837: 3828: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3798: 3796: 3787: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3751: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3727: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3691:. p. 502. 3678: 3674: 3667: 3658: 3654: 3649: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3568:. p. 119. 3564:(in Japanese). 3563: 3558: 3554: 3545: 3543: 3532: 3525: 3508:(in Japanese). 3507: 3500: 3495: 3491: 3474:(in Japanese). 3473: 3466: 3461: 3457: 3448:(in Japanese). 3441: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3411: 3410: 3403: 3396: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3369: 3362: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3337: 3330: 3321: 3317: 3312: 3308: 3291:(in Japanese). 3284: 3283: 3279: 3272: 3263: 3259: 3254: 3250: 3238: 3237:Reprinted from 3231: 3229: 3222: 3218: 3205:. p. 654. 3201:(in Japanese). 3200: 3195: 3188: 3181: 3169:(in Japanese). 3168: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3141:(in Japanese). 3140: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3106:富田, 倫生 (1995). 3104: 3095: 3086: 3084: 3069: 3065:高橋, 清美 (2018). 3063: 3059: 3052: 3040:(in Japanese). 3039: 3034: 3030: 3017: 3015: 2998: 2991: 2978: 2976: 2973:Computing Japan 2967: 2966: 2962: 2953: 2951: 2940: 2936: 2935: 2931: 2924: 2915: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2883:. 7 August 2003 2877: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2863: 2831: 2804: 2781:wrote that the 2775: 2726:instead of the 2698: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2557:4x CD-ROM drive 2394: 2386:3.6 MB of RAM, 2319: 2300: 2281: 2115: 2096: 1994: 1952: 1828:Concurrent CP/M 1743: 1689: 1672: 1656: 1641: 1618: 1529: 1494:GRaphic CharGer 1439: 1433:or IDE drives. 1412:assigns letters 1399: 1395: 1392: 1390: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1376: 1367: 1363: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1343:hi-reso machine 1315: 1298: 1274: 1231: 1155: 1151: 1117: 1089:adventure games 1047:series and the 1037:. In this era, 1014: 1008: 917:In March 1987, 902: 881: 872: 862:¥25,000,000,000 861: 857: 839:clock frequency 817: 816: 815: 814: 813: 810: 802: 801: 798: 751: 740:similar to the 711:half-width kana 689:. It runs at a 667: 650: 619: 559:Microsoft BASIC 547: 537: 526: 483: 464: 446: 414: 409: 316: 303: 277: 245: 169:N88-BASIC(86), 147: 145: 142: 131: 118: 116: 113: 111: 105: 103: 100: 79:Nippon Electric 70: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5440: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5388: 5378: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5345: 5343: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267:Supercomputers 5264: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5233:PC-8800 series 5230: 5225: 5223:PC-8000 series 5220: 5218:PC-6600 series 5215: 5213:PC-6000 series 5210: 5205: 5204: 5203: 5192: 5190: 5186: 5185: 5177: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5154: 5146: 5145: 5142: 5137: 5134:PC-8800 series 5132: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5102: 5080: 5061: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5015: 5014:External links 5012: 5011: 5010: 4986: 4962: 4947: 4944: 4941: 4940: 4906: 4899: 4874: 4867: 4849: 4842: 4821: 4791: 4784: 4760: 4728: 4704: 4690: 4678:atmarkit.co.jp 4663: 4639: 4606: 4599: 4571: 4532: 4525: 4507: 4475: 4445: 4423: 4412:nkmm the Metal 4395: 4369: 4348: 4341: 4320: 4293: 4270: 4240: 4210: 4180: 4149: 4115: 4084: 4077: 4055: 4048: 4027: 3993: 3961: 3931: 3901: 3868: 3835: 3805: 3775: 3768: 3734: 3714:【日本電気】 PC-98LT 3704: 3697: 3672: 3665: 3636: 3610: 3603: 3581: 3574: 3552: 3523: 3489: 3455: 3431: 3401: 3394: 3367: 3360: 3335: 3328: 3306: 3277: 3270: 3248: 3216: 3186: 3179: 3158: 3151: 3126: 3093: 3057: 3050: 3028: 2989: 2960: 2929: 2922: 2894: 2865: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2842: 2837: 2835:PC-6600 series 2830: 2827: 2803: 2800: 2779:ASCII magazine 2774: 2771: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2665:@ 433 MHz 2660: 2656: 2655: 2652: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2622:pre-installed 2617: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2541: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2480: 2479: 2476: 2465: 2462: 2461:@ 60 MHz 2456: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2410: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2396: 2391: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2361:PC-9801FX,FX/U 2358: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2345:PC-9801FS,FS/U 2342: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2326: 2325:PC-9801FA,FA/U 2322: 2321: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2306:PC-9801DX,DX/U 2303: 2302: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2287:PC-9801DS,DS/U 2284: 2283: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2268:PC-9801DA,DA/U 2265: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2215: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2199: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2162: 2161: 2155: 2148: 2145: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2056: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1951: 1948: 1943:Touhou Project 1742: 1739: 1687:PC-9801 clones 1671: 1668: 1655: 1652: 1630:conversion key 1617: 1614: 1528: 1525: 1438: 1435: 1354: 1351: 1314: 1311: 1297: 1294: 1273: 1270: 1230: 1227: 1116: 1113: 1069:Dungeon Master 1007: 1004: 894:had developed 880: 877: 858:¥1,000,000,000 811: 804: 803: 799: 792: 791: 790: 789: 788: 722:word processor 666: 663: 573:to run on the 567:Kazuhiko Nishi 525: 522: 506:PC-6000 series 416:NEC developed 413: 410: 408: 405: 352:PC-8800 series 275:PC-9800 series 269: 268: 263: 259: 258: 256:PC-8800 series 253: 249: 248: 242: 238: 237: 230: 226: 225: 219: 215: 214: 207: 203: 202: 196: 190: 189: 167: 161: 160: 157: 153: 152: 139: 135: 134: 129: 125: 124: 97: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 76: 72: 71: 68: 60: 59: 49:PC-9800 series 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5439: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5387: 5379: 5377: 5369: 5368: 5365: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5346: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5202: 5201:character set 5199: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5182: 5175: 5170: 5168: 5163: 5161: 5156: 5155: 5152: 5141: 5135: 5129: 5124: 5121: 5109: 5103: 5091: 5087: 5081: 5069: 5062: 5050: 5046: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4987: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4963: 4960: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4921: 4910: 4902: 4900:4-8061-0316-0 4896: 4881: 4879: 4870: 4868:4-8191-0856-5 4864: 4860: 4859:日本IBMのパソコン新戦略 4853: 4845: 4843:4-7561-4419-5 4839: 4825: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4795: 4787: 4785:4-7561-4419-5 4781: 4767: 4765: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4732: 4718: 4714: 4708: 4700: 4694: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4620: 4610: 4602: 4600:4-7561-4419-5 4596: 4592: 4578: 4576: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4528: 4526:4-8191-0856-5 4522: 4518: 4517:日本IBMのパソコン新戦略 4511: 4496: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4449: 4434:(in Japanese) 4433: 4427: 4413: 4409: 4399: 4385:(in Japanese) 4384: 4380: 4373: 4359: 4356:Yasuma, Sei. 4352: 4344: 4338: 4324: 4309: 4305: 4297: 4282: 4274: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4244: 4236: 4232: 4225: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4184: 4170:(in Japanese) 4169: 4165: 4156: 4154: 4145: 4141: 4134: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4105: 4097: 4088: 4080: 4078:4-7561-4419-5 4074: 4059: 4051: 4045: 4037: 4031: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3989: 3985: 3978: 3968: 3966: 3951: 3943: 3935: 3921: 3913: 3905: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3842: 3840: 3825: 3817: 3809: 3795: 3793: 3788: 3779: 3771: 3769:4-532-16331-5 3765: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3738: 3724: 3716: 3708: 3700: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3676: 3668: 3666:4-8061-0316-0 3662: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3624: 3620: 3614: 3606: 3604:4-8061-0316-0 3600: 3585: 3577: 3575:4-334-00599-3 3571: 3567: 3556: 3541: 3537: 3530: 3528: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3504: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3470: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3435: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3406: 3397: 3395:4-8061-0316-0 3391: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3363: 3361:4-8061-0316-0 3357: 3342: 3340: 3331: 3329:4-8061-0316-0 3325: 3310: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3289: 3281: 3273: 3271:4-8061-0316-0 3267: 3252: 3244: 3243: 3227: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3193: 3191: 3182: 3180:4-06-141673-1 3176: 3172: 3162: 3154: 3152:4-7561-4419-5 3148: 3144: 3130: 3122: 3111: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3083:on 2019-06-23 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3061: 3053: 3047: 3043: 3032: 3024: 3013: 3009: 3008: 3003: 2996: 2994: 2986: 2974: 2970: 2964: 2950:on 2015-06-28 2949: 2945: 2941: 2939:用語解説辞典【キューハチ】 2933: 2925: 2923:4-7561-4419-5 2919: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2882: 2878: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2580: 2579:Daughterboard 2577: 2576:Yamaha DB60XG 2573: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2534:Plug and Play 2531: 2527: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2477: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2382: 2380:Intel 80386SX 2379: 2376: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2279: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2266: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2200: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2136: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2054: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2040: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1992: 1989: 1988:DIN connector 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1955: 1947: 1945: 1944: 1939: 1938: 1933: 1932: 1927: 1926: 1921: 1920: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1891: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1809: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1747: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1685:manufactured 1684: 1678:Epson PC-286L 1676: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1651: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1622: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1606:Creative Labs 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1549:Yamaha YM2203 1546: 1542: 1533: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1498:planar memory 1495: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1443: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1406: 1374: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1328: 1319: 1310: 1302: 1296:Expansion bus 1293: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1195:floppy format 1192: 1187: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1121: 1112: 1110: 1107:, except for 1106: 1102: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1086: 1085:visual novels 1082: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1064: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1018: 1013: 1003: 999: 996: 992: 988: 983: 980: 979:IBM PC clones 976: 971: 969: 964: 962: 956: 949: 948: 942: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 915: 912: 906: 901: 897: 893: 885: 876: 870: 865: 854: 852: 848: 844: 840: 834: 829: 827: 826:Masayoshi Son 822: 808: 796: 787: 784: 775: 771: 769: 765: 761: 755: 750: 745: 743: 739: 735: 730: 727: 723: 719: 716: 712: 708: 703: 698: 696: 692: 688: 679: 671: 662: 660: 654: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 623: 618: 613: 610: 608: 603: 599: 595: 590: 586: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 530: 521: 519: 518:PC-100 series 515: 511: 507: 500: 495: 489: 481: 476: 470: 462: 461:San Francisco 458: 444: 439: 435: 434:minicomputers 431: 427: 423: 419: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 381: 376: 374: 370: 366: 361: 357: 353: 349: 344: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 323: 314: 301: 294: 289: 281: 276: 267: 264: 260: 257: 254: 250: 243: 239: 236:(some models) 235: 231: 227: 223: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 197: 195: 191: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 166: 162: 158: 156:Units shipped 154: 140: 136: 130: 126: 98: 94: 91: 88: 84: 80: 77: 73: 66: 61: 57: 52: 44: 37: 33: 19: 5237: 5139: 5112:. Retrieved 5094:. Retrieved 5090:the original 5072:. Retrieved 5053:. Retrieved 5049:the original 5003:. Retrieved 4994: 4979:. Retrieved 4970: 4956: 4919: 4909: 4858: 4852: 4824: 4804: 4794: 4752:. Retrieved 4747: 4741: 4731: 4720:. Retrieved 4716: 4707: 4693: 4682:. Retrieved 4680:. 2000-01-18 4677: 4666: 4651: 4642: 4625: 4618: 4609: 4590: 4553: 4549: 4516: 4510: 4499:. Retrieved 4494: 4488: 4478: 4458: 4448: 4436:. Retrieved 4426: 4415:. Retrieved 4411: 4398: 4387:. Retrieved 4382: 4372: 4361:. Retrieved 4351: 4323: 4312:. Retrieved 4296: 4285:. Retrieved 4273: 4256: 4252: 4243: 4223: 4213: 4193: 4183: 4172:. Retrieved 4167: 4132: 4107:. Retrieved 4087: 4058: 4030: 4010: 3976: 3953:. Retrieved 3934: 3923:. Retrieved 3904: 3887: 3883: 3854: 3850: 3827:. Retrieved 3808: 3797:. Retrieved 3790: 3778: 3737: 3726:. Retrieved 3707: 3682: 3675: 3627:. Retrieved 3623:the original 3613: 3584: 3555: 3544:. 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Retrieved 2869: 2816: 2808:monopolizing 2805: 2776: 2762: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2717: 2701: 2699: 2069:@ 8 MHz 1990:for keyboard 1953: 1941: 1935: 1929: 1925:Corpse Party 1923: 1917: 1911: 1905: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1875: 1860: 1848:Windows 2000 1821: 1810: 1796: 1788:spreadsheets 1772: 1724: 1720:AST Research 1718: 1714: 1702: 1698: 1681: 1670:Epson clones 1657: 1627: 1592: 1565: 1552:FM synthesis 1538: 1512: 1510: 1505: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1448: 1420: 1409: 1356: 1342: 1338: 1336: 1324: 1307: 1275: 1266:Windows 2000 1255: 1239: 1232: 1188: 1172: 1126: 1098: 1092: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1055: 1048: 1042: 1031:Fujitsu FM-7 1023: 1000: 989:and Fujitsu 984: 972: 967: 965: 957: 953: 945: 916: 890: 866: 855: 836: 831: 818: 780: 746: 731: 699: 684: 635: 614: 611: 598:N-10 Project 597: 591: 587: 535: 502: 497: 477: 428:(20.1%) and 415: 377: 345: 299: 274: 272: 159:18.3 million 138:Discontinued 96:Release date 75:Manufacturer 4407:PC-98 キーボード 4040:パソコン白書94-95 3857:(4). 1988. 3758:. pp. 3750:パソコン革命の旗手たち 3542:. p. 9 3478:: 280–281. 3242:Retro Gamer 3199:日本電気株式会社百年史 3038:僕らのパソコン30年史 2763:playability 2659:PC-9821Ra43 2592:Pentium MMX 2159:Windows 1.0 2051:Included a 1995:298,000yen 1901:MechWarrior 1877:Policenauts 1868:dating sims 1806:Lotus 1-2-3 1790:, 47% as a 1709:Intel 486SX 1690: [ 1683:Seiko Epson 1584:audio codec 1543:, like the 1416:hard drives 1347:base memory 1288:bus; BIOS, 1213:slots, and 1081:dating sims 1044:Daisenryaku 903: [ 851:Intel 80386 847:Intel 80286 760:Intel 80186 752: [ 702:floppy disk 691:clock speed 651: [ 644:workstation 620: [ 569:to rewrite 524:Development 284:PC-9800シリーズ 252:Predecessor 36:Pc98 (gene) 18:NEC PC-9801 5401:Categories 5005:2017-01-16 4981:2017-01-15 4754:2020-10-19 4722:2019-04-24 4684:2019-06-10 4501:2019-08-23 4417:2018-01-08 4389:2021-09-04 4363:2018-05-24 4314:2019-04-24 4287:2019-04-24 4174:2019-03-16 4109:2019-03-18 4104:Kakaku.com 4100:価格.comマガジン 4049:4875661479 3955:2019-03-21 3925:2019-03-21 3829:2019-03-21 3799:2019-03-30 3728:2019-04-22 3546:2016-05-02 3232:2011-03-16 3116:2019-03-11 3087:2019-06-23 3018:2019-08-23 2979:6 February 2954:2019-03-24 2861:References 2736:interlaced 2548:PC-9821Cx2 2515:PC-9821Xa 2455:PC-9821Af 2421:PC-9801BA 2400:PC-9821Ap 2154:compliance 2055:interface 1560:sound card 1545:PC speaker 1471:JIS X 0208 1467:JIS X 0201 1459:video RAMs 1425:(SASI) or 1389:-inch and 1341:or simply 1235:Windows 95 1184:all-in-one 1033:, and the 1010:See also: 995:multimedia 944:Advert in 742:Apple Lisa 707:JIS X 0201 648:FACOM 9450 628:Intel 8086 579:Bill Gates 575:Intel 8086 494:, stated: 418:mainframes 412:Background 397:Windows 95 356:IBM clones 341:APC series 246:(desktops) 213:and higher 199:Intel 8086 148:2003-09-30 43:Windows 98 5275:SX series 5253:UltraLite 5183:computers 4935:0287-9506 4929:: 77–81. 4816:0287-9506 4743:InfoWorld 4634:0387-9593 4615:一太郎累計出荷本数 4566:0910-7606 4490:InfoWorld 4470:0287-9506 4453:石井, 智明. 4283:. IO-DATA 4265:0386-5428 4235:0287-9506 4205:0287-9506 4144:0287-9506 4038:(1995). 4022:0287-9506 3988:0287-9506 3946:コンピュータ博物館 3916:コンピュータ博物館 3896:0386-5428 3863:0386-5428 3820:コンピュータ博物館 3719:コンピュータ博物館 3689:IOS Press 3540:InfoWorld 3518:0287-9506 3484:0287-9506 3426:0386-5428 3301:0386-5428 3211:676485242 3007:InfoWorld 2802:Criticism 2732:VZ Editor 2696:Marketing 2691:Reception 2641:Hi-Vision 2574:Includes 2499:PC-9821Cf 2483:PC-9821Cx 2438:PC-9821Ce 2251:PC-9801EX 2234:PC-9801ES 2218:PC-9801RX 2202:PC-9801RS 2182:PC-9801RA 2165:PC-9801UX 2138:PC-9801VX 2121:PC-9801UV 2102:PC-9801VM 2083:PC-9801VF 2053:bus mouse 2030:Included 1969:Features 1705:local bus 1664:PS/2 port 1660:bus mouse 1475:grayscale 1137:IBM PC/AT 1027:NEC PC-88 873:2 million 864:in 1985. 843:Intel x86 661:in 1983. 607:Microsoft 571:N88-BASIC 424:(29.6%), 313:Kyū-hachi 211:kilobytes 209:128 123:(PC-9821) 110:(PC-9801) 5349:SUPER-UX 5243:ProSpeed 5114:June 10, 5096:June 10, 5023:Archived 4999:Archived 4975:Archived 4750:(44): 22 4558:Softbank 4497:(15): 20 4438:June 10, 4308:Archived 3566:Kobunsha 3171:Kodansha 3042:Shōeisha 2850:FM Towns 2829:See also 2819:Apple II 2759:playable 2724:IBM 5550 2610:Mystique 2063:PC-9801U 2042:PC-9801M 2021:PC-9801F 2000:PC-9801E 1866:" style 1798:Ichitaro 1792:database 1741:Software 1734:Seikosha 1640:and Kana 1616:Keyboard 1437:Graphics 1334:memory. 1290:I/O port 1272:Hardware 1156:¥248,000 1152:¥128,000 1094:Dōkyūsei 1072:and the 1063:Brandish 1035:Sharp X1 991:FM Towns 968:DynaBook 602:bytecode 583:GW-BASIC 516:and the 373:isolated 322:Japanese 280:Japanese 262:Language 232:Beeper, 132:¥298,000 5228:PC-8201 5074:June 7, 5055:June 7, 3760:203–236 3744:"挑戦者たち" 3109:パソコン創世記 3014:(30): 4 2792:Famicom 2663:Celeron 2606:DVD-ROM 2536:C-bus, 2532:slots, 2459:Pentium 2377:PC-9821 2067:NEC V30 1977:PC-9801 1931:Slayers 1856:FreeBSD 1852:NetWare 1844:Windows 1824:CP/M-86 1521:DirectX 1502:blitter 1451:μPD7220 1398:⁄ 1384:⁄ 1366:⁄ 1353:Storage 1262:Celeron 1242:Seattle 1229:Decline 1223:Lite-On 1175:Windows 1160:Fujitsu 892:Toshiba 869:APC III 783:NEC V30 764:CP/M-86 673:PC-9801 632:μPD7220 514:PC-8800 510:PC-8000 480:PC-8001 430:Hitachi 426:Fujitsu 407:History 288:Hepburn 222:μPD7220 218:Display 179:Windows 171:CP/M-86 146: ( 119:1992-11 117: ( 106:1982-10 104: ( 5328:SX-ACE 5208:PC-100 4933: 4923:日経パソコン 4897: 4865: 4840: 4814: 4808:日経パソコン 4782: 4632: 4619:Maikon 4597: 4564: 4550:Oh! 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