230:(NAL) should study the civil aviation requirements of India and recommended ways of establishing a viable civil aviation industry. It further recommended that NAL should carry out a formal techno-economical feasibility study of a multi role light transport aircraft (LTA – renamed SARAS in October 1993). The feasibility study (November 1989) showed that there was a significant demand for a 9–14 seat multi-role LTA in the country and estimated a market potential of about 250–350 aircraft in the next 10 years. NAL submitted the feasibility study report to the Research Council in November 1990 and started its search for an industrial partner.
293:
219:
351:
as NAL had got the certification for its improved version recently. Weight was no longer an issue as team was successful in cutting down weight by 0.9 tonnes. The new version will also be fitted with better avionics. The second test flight lasted for 25 minutes was completed on 21 February 2018. Additional improvements include a pair of 1200 shaft horsepower engines and 104-inch diameter propeller to cater the requirement of second segment climb gradient. CSIR will collaborate with
207:
722:
708:
420:
31:
385:. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) demanded an additional grant of ₹100 crore for 2021–22. NAL is targeting ₹50 crore per unit cost for Saras Mk2 against ₹55 crore for Dornier 228 that has unpressurized cabin with altitude restriction. NAL wants the government to purchase 50-60 units to make manufacturing viable.
405:, Bangalore for the purchase of 15 Saras aircraft and may need 45 more. "NAL signed a memorandum of understanding with IAF to sell 15 Saras aircraft. The Kanpur unit of Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd will manufacture these planes", The aircraft would be used for coastal surveillance as well as training young cadets on transport flying.
463:. A court of inquiry found that wrong engine relight drills given to the pilots contributed to the crash, concluding that an "Incorrect relight procedure devised by the designer and adopted by the crew at insufficient height leading to rapid loss of altitude and abnormal behaviour of aircraft resulted into accident."
350:
for 40 minutes, reaching 8,500 ft (2,600 m) and 145 kn (269 km/h) before evaluating system performance over 20 flights to freeze the production design. In a press conference during Aero India 2019, it was revealed that ₹6,000 crores were released for the production of the aircraft
261:
distances of about 600 m, a maximum rate of climb of 12 m/s, a low cabin noise of 78 dB, a range of 600 km with 19 passengers, 1,200 km with 14 passengers and 2,000 km with eight passengers, a high specific range of 2.5 km/kg and a low cost of operation of ₹ 5/km.
316:
As of 14 February 2017, the reconfigured first prototype had been handed over to the IAF's
Aircraft & Systems Testing Establishment (ASTE), which had conducted a few low-speed ground runs. The National Aerospace Lab's (NAL) director Jitendra J. Jadhav is said to be looking at putting the Saras
264:
While the designed empty weight of the aircraft is around 4,125 kg, the first prototype weighed in around 5,118 kg. This issue is sought to be addressed by including composite wings and tail by the third prototype. The airframe of Saras-PT2 was built with lighter composites to reduce its
260:
The original design target parameters included a maximum take-off weight of 6,100 kg and a maximum payload of 1,232 kg, a high cruise speed of over 600 km/h, an endurance of six hours, a maximum flight altitude of 12 km (cruise altitude 10.5 km), short take-off and landing
392:
On 14 May 2022, NAL started taxi trials of locally developed digital anti-skid braking system on Saras PT1N that will help landing on shorter runways. A total of 15-20 trials are planned to check system performance. It is a state-of-art brake-by-wire electro-hydraulic braking system that is
377:, a 19-seater version of the airliner. Government has given clearance and fund requirement to NAL for development of same. NAL has completed basic testing for pre-production standard and aims for certification in 4 years to produce first aircraft in following one-and-a-half-year.
304:
As of 20 January 2016 National
Aerospace Laboratories (NAL) had stopped all work on Saras as the funding for the project stopped by end of 2013. Engineers who were working on NAL Saras got redeployed to other ongoing similar projects with higher strategic importance.
454:
test pilots, Wing
Commander Praveen Kotekoppa and Wing Commander Dipesh Shah along with a Flight Test Engineer Squadron Leader Ilayaraja, were killed when the second prototype Saras aircraft operating Flight 49, crashed and caught fire in an open field near
312:
In
October 2016, it was reported that government is mulling a revival plan. The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), that had almost shelved the plan, is on a rethink mode with additional funding in the pipeline.
283:
engines and improvements to the flight control and flight operations systems. The upgraded PT1 is due to make its first flight by the end of 2011 leading to certification and first deliveries in 2013 and 2014 respectively.
839:
1374:
308:
The second prototype of the aircraft was overweight by 500 kg against the specified design weight of 4125 kg. The third prototype has yet to take flight. NAL was hoping to revive funding for the project.
388:
On 27 March 2022, NAL unveiled 16-seater air ambulance variant of Saras Mk2 at Wings India 2022. International
Critical Care Air Transfer Team (ICATT) from Bengaluru signed letter of intent to purchase 2 units.
1210:
393:
controlled by high-performance flight control computer. Upon validation, the system will be transferred on Saras Mk2. Paras
Defence supplied complete glass avionics suite for Saras MK2 in March 2023.
1323:
907:
381:
announced that NAL will be using 3DEXPERIENCE and DraftSight for cabin design, 2D/3D modelling, prototyping and laser cutting. Mark 2 will undergo wind tunnel testing in
November 2019 with
1076:
876:
1039:
1401:
1018:
847:
237:
had a similar project called the Duet), but financial trouble led the
Russians to drop out early in the project. The project almost came to a halt when it was hit by US-imposed
1155:
249:. The Saras project was sanctioned on 24 September 1999 with initial schedule of its maiden flight by March 2001. The first Saras (PT1) completed its maiden flight at the
1103:
1471:
1289:
408:₹6,000 crores were initially released in early 2019 for the production of aircraft. Initial order of 15 aircraft by IAF may go up to 120–140 in upcoming years.
1263:
1349:
1519:
1494:
265:
overall weight by about 400 kg from its first prototype, which was overweight by about 900 kg. The aircraft is powered by two
Canadian
279:
The first prototype will be upgraded to meet the latest design criteria including higher-power 1,200 hp (895 kW) Pratt & Whitney
182:
In
January 2016, it was reported that the project had been cancelled. But in February 2017, the project was revived. In February 2019, India's
370:
352:
89:
2154:
1639:
956:
973:
2169:
1129:
1684:
1375:"Bengaluru: NAL initiates taxi trials for evaluation of indigenously developed digital antiskid braking system for SARAS Mk 2"
2184:
2159:
317:
back into the air by June–July, though officers on the programme seem to think August–September was a more likely timeframe.
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554:
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1426:
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1181:"SARAS completes the second test-flight successfully; Indian Air Force commits to induct 15 aircrafts [
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356:
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809:
70:
1402:"How Paras Defence Is Building Itself To Become India's One Stop Shop For Everything Critical"
2164:
2149:
1670:
877:"Ministry of Defence gives nod for proposal to produce Saras civil aircraft developed by NAL"
814:
792:
382:
340:
250:
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797:
297:
273:
1324:"If we don't plan today, we won't be able to produce even a toy plane, says Suresh Prabhu"
378:
8:
767:
750:
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912:
266:
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160:
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1962:
1943:
1812:
1740:
612:
2,350 km (1,460 mi, 1,270 nmi) with 45 min reserves and 8 passengers
451:
431:
107:
320:
An upgraded Saras undertook high speed taxi trial on 2 January 2018 at Bangalore.
1993:
1988:
1849:
1730:
1629:
1552:
960:
782:
762:
727:
242:
1019:"IAF plans for dedicated satellite on track; Sukhoi to fire BrahMos in 3 months"
292:
218:
2044:
2034:
172:
1104:"NAL is working on Mark 2 version of its light transport aircraft Saras: CSIR"
2143:
2008:
1865:
1301:
1077:"Indigenously-built Saras aircraft successfully completes second test flight"
570:, 2.65 m (8 ft 8 in) diameter constant speed pusher propellers
1551:. Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Government of India. Archived from
2049:
1887:
713:
567:
527:
189:
49:
1211:"NAL adopts Dassault Systèmes solutions to design civil aircraft in India"
597:
145 km/h (90 mph, 78 kn) flaps down, power off at sea level
323:
The revised version with 14 seats instead of 19, Saras-PTN1, has improved
2107:
2086:
1791:
1786:
1755:
1725:
1023:
777:
347:
234:
164:
114:
1350:"Wings India 2022: NAL's 16-seater air ambulance to have ICU facilities"
1781:
1765:
1760:
1720:
601:
269:
206:
1290:"National Aerospace Laboratory wants govt. push for Saras Mk2 takeoff"
684:
Integrated digital avionics system using ARINC 429 data bus interfaces
1904:
1882:
1860:
1854:
1838:
745:
557:
460:
332:
254:
1622:
1843:
1822:
1750:
974:"Saras back from the brink again as NAL targets 2013 certification"
324:
840:"After 16 Years and Rs 300 Crore, Civil Aircraft Dream Crashlands"
740:
522:
246:
1692:
456:
355:(DRDO) in developing an indigenous turboprop engine for Saras.
954:
NAL news report, with pictures, of the First Saras Test Flight
425:
328:
194:
63:
226:
In the mid-1980s, the Research Council recommended that the
30:
198:(US$ 720 million) for the production of the airliner.
623:
590 km (367 mi; 319 nmi) with 14 passengers
233:
The project began in 1991 as a collaboration with Russia (
1546:"Final Investigation Report on accident to NAL SARAS PT2"
1156:"NAL and HAL prepare to take off with short haul flights"
937:"NAL to revive SARAS, two other civil passenger aircraft"
346:
The revised prototype first flew on 24 January 2018 from
649:
9,100 m (29,900 ft) maximum certified altitude
1478:. Indo-Asian News Service. 6 March 2009. Archived from
1454:"Home-spun Saras to train Air Force's trainee pilots"
1040:"NAL's Saras PT1N teaser hints take-off time is near"
908:"NAL plans design, development of 70-seater aircraft"
359:(HAL) will manufacture Saras at its Kanpur facility.
1427:"IAF to induct 15 indigenously-built Saras aircraft"
703:
1050:
757:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1130:"CSIR, DRDO to join hands to develop Saras engine"
585:550 km/h (340 mph, 300 kn) at FL250
1056:
688:Comm/Nav suite: VHF-VOR and radio, ADF, DME, ILS
2141:
1520:"3 pilots dead in aircraft crash near Bangalore"
1102:Padmanabhan, Sunderarajan (21 February 2018).
833:
831:
829:
1678:
1645:HAL to make India's first passenger aeroplane
1472:"Three IAF pilots die in trainer plane crash"
637:2,400 km (1,500 mi, 1,300 nmi)
494:19 passengers / 1,710 kg (3,770 lb)
466:
371:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
353:Defence Research and Development Organisation
90:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
1399:
1264:"DSIR seeks Rs 100 cr for SARAS to take off"
1101:
1037:
826:
686:Full glass cockpit: EFIS-Four PFD/ ND/ MFDs
1685:
1671:
1347:
445:
1495:"Wrong relight drills caused Saras crash"
902:
900:
898:
694:TCAS: Traffic Collision Avoidance System
661:237.4 kg/m (48.6 lb/sq ft)
606:688 km/h (428 mph, 371 kn)
591:485 km/h (301 mph, 262 kn)
560:engines, 895 kW (1,200 hp) each
1321:
1001:"NAL hopeful of funding to revive Saras"
291:
217:
205:
1596:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"
1583:. CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories.
1238:"NAL eyes domestic market with Saras-2"
1235:
998:
2142:
1492:
1322:Tripathi, Neha LM (4 September 2021).
972:Rao, Radhakrishna (25 February 2011).
895:
690:TAWS- Terrain Avoidance Warning System
1666:
1587:
1127:
1057:Addison Schonland (25 January 2018).
871:
869:
867:
865:
837:
373:, NAL is also engaged development of
167:") is the first Indian multi-purpose
1593:
1400:Balachandran, Manu (21 March 2024).
1287:
1236:Kadidal, Akhil (16 September 2019).
488:3 (Pilot, Co-Pilot, Flight Engineer)
2155:2000s Indian civil utility aircraft
1694:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
1451:
1348:Bommakanti, Ujwal (27 March 2022).
1288:Nair, Sobhana K. (5 January 2020).
971:
934:
555:Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67A
13:
1261:
1153:
862:
655:10.17 m/s (2,000 ft/min)
500:17.3 m (56 ft 9 in)
287:
14:
2196:
1616:
1452:Ray, Kalyan (14 September 2011).
1154:CS, Hemanth (28 September 2019).
518:30.4 m (327 sq ft)
512:5.5 m (18 ft 1 in)
1128:Mohan, Vijay (16 January 2020).
720:
706:
506:18 m (59 ft 1 in)
418:
29:
2170:Twin-engined turboprop aircraft
1570:
1538:
1512:
1486:
1464:
1445:
1419:
1393:
1367:
1341:
1315:
1281:
1255:
1229:
1203:
1173:
1147:
1121:
1095:
1069:
999:Waldron, Greg (17 March 2016).
838:Patil, Ramu (20 January 2016).
403:National Aerospace Laboratories
228:National Aerospace Laboratories
177:National Aerospace Laboratories
86:National Aerospace Laboratories
1640:Saras second Proto-Type Status
1038:Hemanth C S (2 January 2018).
1031:
1011:
992:
965:
947:
935:Urs, Anil (16 February 2017).
928:
541:7,600 kg (16,755 lb)
535:5,100 kg (11,244 lb)
201:
1:
1493:Sharma, Ravi (21 July 2009).
1262:CS, Hemanth (13 March 2021).
820:
696:Auto pilot and Weather Radar
692:FMS: Flight Management System
643:6 hours * With 45 min reserve
357:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
76:Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
2185:Aircraft first flown in 2004
2160:Twin-engined pusher aircraft
411:
339:, engine flap actuators and
337:environmental control system
175:category as designed by the
7:
1059:"A "first flight" in India"
699:
401:The IAF has signed up with
212:Yelahanka Air Force Station
54:Military transport aircraft
10:
2201:
788:Embraer/FMA CBA 123 Vector
674:900 m (3,000 ft)
668:670 m (2,200 ft)
467:Specifications (Saras Mk2)
369:In collaboration with the
2132:(*) are under development
2130:
2100:
2079:
2058:
2027:
2020:
2003:
1981:
1974:
1957:
1936:
1913:
1875:
1831:
1800:
1774:
1709:Manufacturer designations
1708:
1701:
773:Beechcraft Super King Air
434:– 60 aircraft (intended)
396:
362:
296:Saras during flight with
222:NAL Saras flying Overhead
137:
132:
124:
103:
95:
81:
69:
59:
45:
40:
28:
23:
459:, about 30 km from
173:light transport aircraft
1600:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu
941:The Hindu Business Line
479:General characteristics
446:Incidents and accidents
272:engines mounted in the
241:in 1998, after India's
959:21 August 2007 at the
844:The New Indian Express
810:List of civil aircraft
301:
223:
215:
1628:6 August 2007 at the
815:List of STOL aircraft
793:Evektor EV-55 Outback
441:Phase 2 – 45 aircraft
438:Phase 1 – 15 aircraft
383:tractor configuration
341:flight control system
295:
221:
209:
1578:"SARAS MK2 brochure"
1482:on 20 February 2015.
978:Flight International
798:Piaggio P.180 Avanti
298:pusher configuration
274:pusher configuration
214:for Aero India 2007.
35:NAL Saras taking off
1217:. 15 September 2021
916:. 16 September 2019
768:Beechcraft Model 99
751:Indian Regional Jet
735:Related development
539:Max takeoff weight:
450:On 6 March 2009, 2
267:Pratt & Whitney
184:Ministry of Finance
99:In production (Mk1)
41:General information
1524:The Times of India
1379:The Indian Express
1354:The Times of India
1215:The Economic Times
1191:. 21 February 2018
1083:. 21 February 2018
913:The Economic Times
883:. 21 February 2019
850:on 22 January 2016
602:Never exceed speed
302:
224:
216:
2175:Low-wing aircraft
2137:
2136:
2126:
2125:
2016:
2015:
1975:Jointly developed
1970:
1969:
1635:A Soaring Success
1594:Lednicer, David.
1027:. 4 October 2016.
672:Landing distance:
666:Takeoff distance:
528:NASA GA(W)-2 mod.
379:Dassault Systèmes
169:civilian aircraft
153:
152:
119:
112:
2192:
2028:Fighter aircraft
2025:
2024:
1982:Fighter aircraft
1979:
1978:
1832:Fighter aircraft
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1268:Bangalore Mirror
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1227:
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1207:
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1198:
1196:
1185:] initially"
1177:
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1160:Bangalore Mirror
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1125:
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1044:Bangalore Mirror
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893:
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890:
888:
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860:
859:
857:
855:
846:. Archived from
835:
730:
725:
724:
723:
716:
711:
710:
709:
682:
647:Service ceiling:
578:
481:
452:Indian Air Force
432:Indian Air Force
424:
422:
421:
257:on 29 May 2004.
197:
192:
149:(~2025, planned)
117:
110:
108:Indian Air Force
33:
21:
20:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2189:
2180:T-tail aircraft
2140:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2122:
2096:
2075:
2054:
2012:
1999:
1994:Sukhoi/HAL FGFA
1966:
1953:
1932:
1909:
1871:
1827:
1796:
1770:
1697:
1691:
1630:Wayback Machine
1619:
1614:
1604:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1580:
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1561:
1559:
1558:on 26 July 2015
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1328:Hindustan Times
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1081:Hindustan Times
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1016:
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997:
993:
983:
981:
980:. Flight Global
970:
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961:Wayback Machine
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906:
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886:
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783:Embraer EMB 110
763:Beechcraft 1900
728:Aviation portal
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290:
288:Revised version
281:Canada PT6A-67A
204:
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145:
120:
88:
60:National origin
36:
17:
16:Indian airliner
12:
11:
5:
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1775:Light aircraft
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1618:
1617:External links
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1526:. 6 March 2009
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1381:. 14 May 2022
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2165:HAL aircraft
2150:NAL aircraft
2080:Transporters
1963:CATS Warrior
1926:
1914:Transporters
1658:SARAS Mark 2
1650:
1649:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:
1589:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1553:the original
1540:
1528:. Retrieved
1523:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:
1488:
1480:the original
1475:
1466:
1457:
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1430:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1406:Forbes India
1405:
1395:
1383:. Retrieved
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1353:
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1327:
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1305:. Retrieved
1293:
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1163:. Retrieved
1159:
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920:24 September
918:. Retrieved
911:
885:. Retrieved
880:
852:. Retrieved
848:the original
843:
803:
802:
756:
755:
734:
733:
714:India portal
679:
677:
671:
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635:Ferry range:
634:
609:
600:
595:Stall speed:
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582:
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568:MT-Propeller
563:
550:
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146:
141:
138:First flight
128:2 prototypes
125:Number built
71:Manufacturer
50:Business jet
18:
2087:Dornier 228
2059:Helicopters
1876:Helicopters
1504:23 November
1134:The Tribune
1024:Mathrubhumi
984:26 December
778:Dornier 228
576:Performance
564:Propellers:
551:Powerplant:
348:HAL Airport
251:HAL airport
235:Myasishchev
202:Development
115:Indian Army
2144:Categories
1702:Indigenous
1530:21 October
1195:12 January
1063:AirInsight
821:References
641:Endurance:
516:Wing area:
335:actuator,
270:turbo-prop
118:(intended)
111:(intended)
1866:Tejas Mk2
1651:Technical
1499:The Hindu
1437:19 August
1385:19 August
1359:19 August
1333:19 August
1307:19 August
1302:0971-751X
1294:The Hindu
1273:19 August
1247:19 August
1221:19 August
1165:19 August
1139:19 August
1113:19 August
1087:19 August
746:NAL Hansa
566:5-bladed
558:turboprop
504:Wingspan:
492:Capacity:
472:Data from
461:Bangalore
412:Operators
375:Saras Mk2
333:wing flap
331:, linear
255:Bangalore
239:sanctions
210:Saras at
186:approved
157:NAL Saras
2113:Prentice
2101:Trainers
1989:Su-30MKI
1888:Prachand
1801:Trainers
1696:aircraft
1626:Archived
1605:16 April
1411:22 March
957:Archived
887:23 March
700:See also
680:Avionics
325:avionics
161:Sanskrit
82:Designer
2066:Cheetah
1937:Gliders
1792:Pushpak
1787:Krishak
1726:HAOP-27
1476:IBNLive
1460:. DHNS.
854:7 March
741:NAL NM5
547:1832 kg
523:Airfoil
510:Height:
498:Length:
247:Pokhran
179:(NAL).
171:in the
133:History
2092:HS 748
2071:Chetak
2045:MiG-27
2040:MiG-21
2035:Jaguar
1944:Ardhra
1818:Sitara
1808:Deepak
1782:Basant
1766:HJT 39
1761:HTT-40
1756:HUL-26
1746:HJT-36
1741:HJT-16
1736:HPT-32
1562:8 July
1300:
610:Range:
457:Bidadi
423:
397:Orders
364:Mark 2
193:6,000
96:Status
2108:PC-5A
1927:Saras
1905:Rudra
1883:Dhruv
1861:Tejas
1855:TEDBF
1850:Marut
1839:Ajeet
1813:Kiran
1731:HF-24
1721:HA-31
1581:(PDF)
1556:(PDF)
1549:(PDF)
1108:Tech2
486:Crew:
426:India
329:radar
195:crore
165:Crane
64:India
24:Saras
2118:Hawk
2050:Gnat
2004:UAVs
1958:UAVs
1844:AMCA
1823:HT-2
1751:HT-2
1607:2019
1564:2014
1532:2012
1506:2010
1439:2022
1413:2024
1387:2022
1361:2022
1335:2022
1309:2022
1298:ISSN
1275:2022
1249:2022
1223:2022
1197:2022
1167:2022
1141:2022
1115:2022
1089:2022
986:2014
922:2019
889:2019
856:2016
553:2 ×
474:NAL,
155:The
46:Type
1949:G-1
1921:RTA
1899:MLH
1893:LUH
1716:G-1
1189:PIB
1183:sic
881:UNI
253:in
245:in
163:: "
147:Mk2
142:Mk1
2146::
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897:^
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864:^
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828:^
343:.
327:,
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276:.
52:/
2011:*
1996:*
1965:*
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1923:*
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190:₹
159:(
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