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contexts. Ethnologist Ivar
Lissner theorized that cave paintings of beings combining human and animal features were not physical representations of mythical hybrids, but were instead attempts to depict shamans in the process of acquiring the mental and spiritual attributes of various beasts or
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were human sized birds with the faces of human women. They were once considered beautiful creatures but over time were then considered to be ugly and hideous. Harpies were used for torture; their most known torture was that of
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who was said to have offended the heavens. They would torture their victims by taking food from them and polluting what was left with their feces. They would leave just enough for their victims to stay alive.
1012:/ Pires M. A., Casal D., Arrobas da Silva F., Ritto I C., Furtado I A., Pais D., Goyri ONeill J E. / Nova Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portuguese Anatomical Society, (AAP/SAP), PORTUGAL.
1008:
165:. The skeletons were formed by ancient peoples who joined together body parts from animal carcasses of different species. The practice is believed to have been done as an offering to their gods.
289:. Most of these deities also have a purely zoomorphic and a purely anthropomorphic aspect, with the hybrid representation seeking to capture aspects of both of which at once. Similarly, the
919:(Hg.), Images as media. Sources for the cultural history of the Near East and the eastern Mediterranean (1st millennium BCE) (OBO 175), Freiburg (Schweiz) / Göttingen, 1–20. 2000.
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Remains similar to those of mythological hybrids have been found in burial sites discovered by archaeologists. Known combinations include
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and a woman figure, interpreted as representations of the theriomorphic and the anthropomorphic aspect of the same goddess.
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Hybrid monsters in the
Classical World: the nature and function of hybrid monsters in Greek mythology, literature and art
17:
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Murgatroyd, Paul. "5. Other Winged
Monsters ." Mythical Monsters in Classical Literature, Bloomsbury, pp. 10–69.
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cow which is considered to be the mother of all other cattle, is often portrayed as a cow with human head,
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and bird, respectively) in their early attestations, but become partly human hybrids in later iconography.
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How
Preschool Children View Mythological Hybrid Figures: A Study of Human/animal Body Imagery.
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Human/Animal Body
Imagery: Judgment of Mythological Hybrid (Part-Human, Part-Animal) Figures
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Lawrence, Elizabeth. "The
Centaur: Its History and Meaning in Human Culture." 27 Apr. 1994,
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Judgment of the humanness/animality of mythological hybrid (part-human, part-animal) figures
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The multidimensional structure of mythological hybrid (part-human, part-animal) figures
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192:) or non-human hybrids combining two or more non-human animal species (such as the
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958:// The Journal of General Psychology. 1980. Т. 103. №. 1. pp. 49–108.
784:"Horse-Cows? Bizarre 'Hybrid' Animals Found in Ancient Burials in England"
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992:// The Journal of General Psychology. 1982. Т. 106. №. 1. pp. 35–55.
656:
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27:
Mythological creature combining body parts of more than one real species
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with horns, however, is due to a mistranslation of the Hebrew text of
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387:, or lion-man, served as a guardian spirit, especially of bathrooms.
366:
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Non-human hybrids also appear in ancient
Egyptian iconography, as in
229:
107:
911:
Evslin, Bernard. "Monsters of Greek
Mythology Volume One ." 2014.
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Rites and
Symbols of Initiation: the mysteries of birth and rebirth
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Evslin, Bernard. "Monsters of Greek
Mythology Volume One ." 2014.
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Such hybrids can be classified as partly human hybrids (such as
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1038:, Iconography of Deities and Demons in the Ancient Near East (
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The Werewolf Book: The Encyclopedia of Shape-Shifting Beings
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ANATOMY AND GRAFTS: From Ancient Myths, to Modern Reality
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Komposite Gottheiten in der ägyptischen Ikonographie //
245:
has observed that beliefs regarding animal identity and
460:, Luwian and Assyrian motifs were imitated, during the
464:(9th–8th centuries BC), inspiring the monsters of the
106:
from the entrance to the throne room of the palace of
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all trace their origins to Assyro-Babylonian art. In
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The motif of the winged man appears in the Assyrian
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999:The Centaur’s Origin: A Psychological Perspective
865:Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The Ritual Texts
1771:
1001:// The Classical World. 1984. pp. 273–291.
839:Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia
630:, god of wisdom, knowledge and new beginnings.
129:are creatures composed of parts from different
891:
534:The motif of otherwise human figures sporting
527:, and ultimately the Christian iconography of
261:The falcon-headed Horus and crane-headed Seth.
1061:
704:
445:
398:(part-woman, part-owl) prefigures the harpy/
333:Mythological hybrids became very popular in
837:Black, Jeremy A. and Anthony Green (1992).
790:
1068:
1054:
861:
655:is believed to have taken his first four
302:, Switzerland shows a juxtaposition of a
86:Learn how and when to remove this message
898:Wissenschaftliche Bibellexikon (WiBiLex)
601:
421:
256:
97:
49:This article includes a list of general
900:(in German). Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft
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550:in Christian iconography) or as partly
14:
1785:Ancient Near East art and architecture
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821:
781:
328:
265:Examples of humans with animal heads (
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936:. 1974. Т. 92. №. 1. pp. 91–102.
815:
801:. Farmington Hills, MI: Visible Ink.
204:deities who, over time, are given an
711:List of hybrid creatures in folklore
667:form with fish's body below waist),
394:demon, particularly as shown in the
114:(late 8th century BC), excavated by
35:
582:). The Christian representation of
24:
507:, and is taken up in the Biblical
148:
55:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1801:
1029:
641:are non-hybrid mythical animals (
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934:The Journal of Social Psychology
417:
252:
40:
782:Geggel, Laura (July 21, 2015).
687:(human form with lion's head).
357:) the mermaid (part human part
216:Partly human hybrids appear in
177:appear across cultures in many
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830:
775:
659:in human-animal form, namely:
211:
200:). Hybrids often originate as
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13:
1:
1077:Lists of mythological figures
1036:Religionswissenschaft.uzh.ch.
862:Wiggermann, F. A. M. (1992).
841:. University of Texas Press.
769:
618:The most prominent hybrid in
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448:Staatliche Antikensammlungen
141:of a variety of cultures as
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966:University Press of America
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546:in Greek mythology and the
247:transformation into animals
10:
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1023:University of Stellenbosch
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705:Known mythological hybrids
29:
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610:, during the festival of
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429:darting his lightning at
271:ancient Egyptian pantheon
349:. The angel (human with
1261:Indian-origin religions
892:Frey-Anthes H. (2007).
822:Eliade, Mircea (1965).
538:may derive from partly
70:more precise citations.
675:'s body below waist),
615:
606:Street festivities in
470:Classical Greek period
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379:Mesopotamian mythology
273:include jackal-headed
262:
241:. Religious historian
123:
1113:Australian Aboriginal
701:tail and bird wings.
605:
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260:
101:
30:Further information:
1780:Mythological hybrids
1040:University of Zurich
797:Steiger, B. (1999).
462:Orientalizing period
285:, and falcon-headed
987:Nash H., Pieszko H.
826:. Harper & Row.
733:Human-animal hybrid
679:(human form with a
560:Gundestrup cauldron
390:The Old Babylonian
329:Ancient Middle East
298:sculpture found in
161:, and a six-legged
143:legendary creatures
137:, appearing in the
32:Human–animal hybrid
18:Mythological hybrid
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181:around the world.
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875:978-90-72371-52-2
848:978-0-292-70794-8
808:978-1-57859-078-0
671:(human form with
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239:power animals
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
173:These forms'
166:
164:
160:
157:-cows, sheep-
156:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
127:Hybrid beasts
121:
117:
113:
112:Dur-Sharrukin
109:
105:
100:
90:
87:
79:
69:
65:
59:
58:
52:
47:
38:
37:
33:
19:
1751:
1739:
1648:Resurrection
1401:Mesopotamian
1085:By geography
1016:Posthumus L.
1015:
1004:
995:
986:
961:
952:
926:
917:Uehlinger C.
916:
912:
902:. Retrieved
897:
894:"Mischwesen"
864:
857:
838:
832:
823:
817:
798:
792:
777:
753:Power animal
689:
657:incarnations
647:
632:
617:
590:34:29–35 by
566:figure have
533:
505:winged genie
502:
455:
404:
389:
382:
355:winged genie
332:
323:hippopotamus
308:
293:
264:
215:
183:
172:
152:
133:, including
126:
125:
82:
76:January 2016
73:
54:
1511:Agriculture
1406:Micronesian
1222:Anglo-Saxon
921:(in German)
515:, Etruscan
490:hippocampus
341:art of the
230:shamanistic
218:petroglyphs
212:Paleolithic
179:mythologies
169:Description
68:introducing
1774:Categories
1702:Vegetation
1638:Psychopomp
1443:Philippine
1381:Lithuanian
1341:Indonesian
974:0819123242
913:Hornung E.
904:2015-12-28
770:References
576:Horned God
574:(see also
452:Inv. 596).
384:urmahlullu
373:) and the
234:totemistic
202:zoomorphic
51:references
1591:Knowledge
1576:Household
1556:Fertility
1448:Purépecha
1331:Hungarian
1256:Hebridean
1234:Mycenaean
1138:Canaanite
945:195357938
691:Kamadhenu
685:Narasimha
564:Pashupati
554:hybrids (
466:mythology
367:Atargatis
315:crocodile
269:) in the
224:from the
108:Sargon II
102:Assyrian
1758:Category
1697:Tutelary
1685:Trickery
1658:Smithing
1483:Ugaritic
1478:Tuvaluan
1433:Ossetian
1411:Muskogee
1356:Japanese
1283:Buddhist
1276:Rigvedic
1251:Hawaiian
1217:Germanic
1212:Georgian
1202:Etruscan
1197:Estonian
1175:Egyptian
1108:Armenian
1098:Albanian
1005:Pires B.
941:ProQuest
868:. Styx.
728:Bestiary
716:See also
695:mythical
626:-headed
624:elephant
598:Hinduism
562:and the
556:Minotaur
509:seraphim
339:Assyrian
208:aspect.
190:centaurs
186:mermaids
139:folklore
1722:Weather
1707:Volcano
1675:Thunder
1623:Nations
1601:Liminal
1581:Hunting
1566:Fortune
1536:Creator
1488:Vainakh
1438:Persian
1426:Zapotec
1416:Myanmar
1361:Kassite
1336:Hurrian
1326:Hittite
1241:Guanche
1207:Finnish
1192:Elamite
1165:Chinese
1143:Catalan
1103:Arabian
1093:African
1025:, 2011.
996:Nash H.
962:Nash H.
953:Nash H.
927:Nash H.
886:Sources
748:Monster
699:peacock
628:Ganesha
572:antlers
558:). The
498:Pegasus
486:griffin
482:centaur
474:chimera
468:of the
411:Phineus
406:Harpies
402:motif.
371:Apkallu
291:Gaulish
283:Sekhmet
198:chimera
196:or the
194:griffin
131:animals
64:improve
1746:Portal
1628:Nature
1571:Health
1521:Beauty
1493:Yoruba
1473:Turkic
1468:Slavic
1463:Samoan
1391:Māʻohi
1376:Lakota
1371:Korean
1312:Meitei
1160:Chahta
1148:Celtic
1128:Basque
1123:Balkan
980:
972:
943:
872:
845:
805:
738:Hybrid
693:, the
677:Varaha
673:turtle
661:Matsya
653:Vishnu
639:Garuda
592:Jerome
588:Exodus
529:angels
513:Chayot
496:, and
435:hydria
431:Typhon
392:Lilitu
369:, and
361:, see
335:Luwian
321:, and
279:Amunet
275:Anubis
175:motifs
135:humans
120:Louvre
53:, but
1717:Water
1633:Night
1596:Light
1546:Earth
1541:Death
1526:Chaos
1453:Roman
1386:Māori
1351:Irish
1346:Inuit
1293:Japan
1288:China
1266:Hindu
1229:Greek
1180:Index
1133:Batak
1118:Aztec
669:Kurma
665:human
643:snake
633:Both
620:Hindu
584:Moses
548:Devil
536:horns
525:Cupid
517:Vanth
494:Talos
478:harpy
437:, c.
400:siren
375:shedu
351:birds
311:Ammit
295:Artio
287:Horus
228:, in
163:sheep
155:horse
104:shedu
1727:Wind
1690:List
1680:Tree
1668:List
1643:Rain
1616:List
1611:Moon
1561:Fire
1531:Dawn
1458:Sami
1396:Maya
1366:Komi
1317:List
1305:List
1300:Jain
1271:List
1185:List
1170:Efik
1153:List
978:ISBN
970:ISBN
870:ISBN
843:ISBN
803:ISBN
681:boar
648:The
637:and
635:Nāga
568:stag
552:bull
540:goat
521:Eros
511:and
427:Zeus
381:the
363:Enki
359:fish
337:and
319:lion
304:bear
300:Bern
159:cows
1712:War
1663:Sun
1653:Sky
1516:Art
932://
650:god
570:'s
544:Pan
456:In
345:to
325:).
232:or
220:or
188:or
110:at
1776::
976:,
896:.
594:.
578:,
531:.
500:.
492:,
488:,
484:,
480:,
476:,
444:,
439:c.
365:,
317:,
145:.
1069:e
1062:t
1055:v
1042:)
907:.
878:.
851:.
811:.
663:(
614:.
523:-
122:.
89:)
83:(
78:)
74:(
60:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
