33:
361:
85:
60:
227:
801:
Use of bayberry in herbalism has declined since its peak in popularity in the 19th century. The plant is still used today in the treatment of fever, diarrhea, and a few other ailments. The chemical myricitrin has anti-fever properties. In addition, that chemical, along with the tannins, has
500:
is fire-resistant. By 1991, no known fire had killed this plant's roots. However, this plant will not survive repeated destruction of its top growth indefinitely. Three consecutive years of burning may kill all plants affected.
483:
unless the fire is very small or transient. In the latter situation, only the most recent primary growth may be incinerated. Because the leaves, stem, and branches contain flammable aromatic compounds, a specimen of
831:
action relating to cancer is unclear, with studies indicating both pro and anti-cancer effects. Bayberry, just like any other medicinal plant, should only be used under the supervision of a physician.
851:. The wax was extracted by boiling the berries, and skimming off the floating hydrocarbons. The fats were then boiled again and then strained. After that the liquid was usable in
409:
This species occurs in two forms, but there is no clear dividing line between them, many intermediate forms occurring. Specimens in drier and sandier areas are shrub-like, have
1376:
2090:
1347:
855:, whether through dipping or molding. Southern bayberry is not the only plant usable for making bayberry candles, however. Its close relatives are also usable.
1322:
514:
within its native range, the shrub has been documented rapidly expanding into grasslands impacting ecosystem function and landscape-level resistance to
867:
1961:
1689:
675:. Those dubbed Fairfax, Jamaica Road, and Don's Dwarf differ from the "typical" specimen in habit and form. The latter two are also resistant to
1754:
2080:
712:
704:
1793:
441:
will also provide habitat for the northern bobwhite quail. Birds' digestive systems remove the wax from the fruit, a prerequisite for
1380:
1909:
1637:
667:
in areas colder than zone 6. Since the species is adaptable, it will tolerate many conditions, although it has a need for frequent
504:
After less damaging fires, new shoots will regrow from below ground. This regrowth is most rapid in the first season after a fire.
1974:
1922:
1702:
1650:
1210:
549:
341:. Wax Myrtle can be successfully cultivated as far north as the New York City area and southern Ohio Valley. It also grows in
1733:
1265:
1707:
1206:
2115:
1979:
634:
The leaves can be washed, dried, and used to season stews or cooking sauces. The berries can also be used as seasoning.
2100:
2095:
1493:
1028:
2110:
2105:
1466:
1441:
1413:
1355:
963:
518:. While climate change plays a large role in this, the mechanism responsible is the shrub's ability to alter its own
786:. That use of bayberry waned later in the 19th century, in favor of using it for a variety of ailments, including a
2052:
2120:
1948:
1759:
1676:
1351:
898:
899:
IUCN SSC Global Tree
Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; et al. (BGCI) (2020).
526:'s ability to partner with nitrogen-fixing bacteria makes it a significant threat to native Hawai'ian forests.
413:
and smaller leaves. Those growing in damper situations with richer soil are more tree-like with bigger leaves.
2018:
1811:
1987:
758:. In 1722, it was reported that colonists in Louisiana drank a mixture of wax and hot water to treat severe
1901:
1066:
990:
782:
recommended this plant for producing "heat" within the body and as a treatment for infectious diseases and
858:
Southern bayberry and its relatives have largely been supplanted in candlemaking by substitutes made from
394:-like coating. The species flowers from late winter to spring, and bear fruit in late summer or fall. No
1655:
919:
2013:
1927:
1806:
1326:
1088:"Decreased temperature variance associated with biotic composition enhances coastal shrub encroachment"
338:
2057:
1728:
1629:
1549:
382:, with male and female flowers borne in catkins on separate plants. Male flowers have three or four
852:
511:
378:
are long, have a leathery texture and serrated edges, and contain aromatic compounds. The plant is
280:
84:
1746:
1058:
1798:
403:
306:, reaching up to 14m tall. It is adaptable to many habitats, growing naturally in wetlands, near
1966:
1896:
1720:
1694:
1511:
995:
1301:
541:
515:
350:
201:
1772:
1601:
1164:
1099:
592:
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8:
1257:
659:
586:
49:
1785:
1560:
1168:
1103:
390:. The female flowers develop into fruit, which are globular and surrounded by a natural
2039:
1832:
1188:
1128:
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553:
79:
1883:
1767:
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1409:
1271:
1261:
1180:
1133:
1115:
1024:
959:
802:
anti-diarrheal properties. Myricitrin works as an antibiotic, while the tannins have
465:
323:
32:
1192:
1151:
Kurten, Erin L.; Snyder, Carolyn P.; Iwata, Terri; Vitousek, Peter M. (2008-01-01).
360:
2044:
1888:
1837:
1593:
1172:
1123:
1107:
914:
863:
794:. For twenty years starting in 1916, bayberry root bark was listed in the American
1875:
2085:
2000:
1864:
334:
284:
122:
1992:
1300:. Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service,
1230:
1153:"Morella cerifera invasion and nitrogen cycling on a lowland Hawaiian lava flow"
510:
has exhibited aggressive behavior in both native and non-native habitat. On the
259:
native to North and
Central America and the Caribbean. Its common names include
1780:
1570:
1534:
1111:
779:
732:
671:. It can handle abuse from bad pruning, however. The species has at least four
654:
610:
422:
372:
109:
1176:
882:
was also used to make scented bayberry soap by early North-American settlers.
2074:
1715:
1275:
1184:
1119:
905:
449:
430:
235:
217:
69:
64:
1152:
421:
The fruit is a source of food for many bird species, including the northern
2031:
1824:
1488:. Montreal, PQ: The Reader's Digest Association Canada. 1981. p. 372.
1137:
859:
650:
519:
457:
434:
330:
can weather coastal storms, long droughts, and tropical high temperatures.
2005:
1580:
1253:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1251:
1935:
1914:
1741:
1663:
1543:
763:
728:
684:
497:
489:
469:
453:
442:
426:
319:
1642:
1291:
803:
762:. Bayberry was reported in an account from 1737 as being used to treat
744:
700:
168:
1940:
1668:
16:
Species of flowering evergreen shrub in the Myrtle family (Myricaceae)
1614:
844:
824:
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759:
736:
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708:
696:
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395:
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249:
1505:
2026:
1858:
1819:
1528:
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783:
672:
618:
480:
135:
1953:
1681:
1619:
1486:
Back to the Basics - How to Learn and Enjoy Our
Traditional Skills
1293:
870:
that create candles that look and smell similar to natural ones.
791:
787:
775:
751:
668:
461:
410:
342:
158:
1086:
Wood, Lauren K.; Hays, Spencer; Zinnert, Julie C. (2020-05-19).
1606:
848:
828:
740:
720:
605:
536:
383:
311:
178:
148:
226:
771:
767:
755:
724:
597:
387:
307:
303:
256:
96:
839:
Southern bayberry's fruits are a traditional source of the
699:. The plant contains several organic compounds, including:
375:
299:
252:
1292:
Edward F. Gilman & Dennis G. Watson (November 1993).
1150:
991:"Myrica cerifera in Flora of North America @ efloras.org"
840:
391:
754:
boiled bayberry and used the result as a treatment for
357:
is often one of the first plants to colonize an area.
1056:
492:. In contrast to the flammability of its top growth,
778:. Starting in the early 19th century, the herbalist
2091:
Plants used in traditional Native
American medicine
920:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T152858227A152906779.en
429:. In winter, the seeds are important foods for the
1021:Tropical & Subtropical Trees: An Encyclopaedia
1456:
1431:
1403:
953:
2072:
1427:
1425:
1399:
1397:
1018:
958:. The Reader's Digest Association. p. 236.
617:, which refers to some fragrant plant (possibly
1085:
1450:
735:. Myricadiol has a slight impact on levels of
1422:
1394:
1250:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
1207:"ITIS Standard Report Page: Morella cerifera"
1249:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
827:women should not use bayberry. In addition,
1304:Institute of Food and Agricultural Services
1231:"Southern Bayberry (Morella caroliniensis)"
695:Bayberry root bark has a history of use in
522:. On the other side of the US, in Hawai'i,
621:). The specific name means "wax-bearing".
225:
58:
31:
1369:
1345:
1127:
934:
918:
821:and a topical paste have also been used.
715:, as well as chemicals such as different
653:. It has been commonly grown in American
878:Wax extracted from boiling the fruit of
456:, which harbor a symbiotic genus of the
359:
1480:
1478:
1287:
1285:
1211:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
550:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2073:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1510:
1509:
1223:
1014:
1012:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
1475:
1339:
1282:
956:The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
279:. It has uses in the garden and for
2081:IUCN Red List least concern species
1315:
1199:
1037:
906:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1377:"Select Myrica cerifera cultivars"
1009:
972:
14:
2132:
2019:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:166220-2
1812:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164286-2
1461:. Rhodale Press. pp. 70–1.
552:. This species also has several
83:
1352:North Carolina State University
1243:
1063:Fire Effects Information System
1144:
1079:
1057:Timothy R. Van Deelen (1991).
892:
862:. The substitute candles have
386:, and are surrounded by short
290:
1:
1436:. Rhodale Press. p. 70.
1408:. Rhodale Press. p. 69.
1023:. Timber Press. p. 290.
885:
637:
534:This plant is one of several
468:gas at a faster rate than do
326:and mixed-broadleaf forests.
1067:United States Forest Service
847:decorations called bayberry
690:
7:
2116:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
747:has antibiotic properties.
743:, while a substance called
574:Myrica cerifera var. pumila
540:species that are sometimes
529:
475:The above-ground growth of
364:The male and female flowers
10:
2137:
1457:Michael Castleman (1991).
1432:Michael Castleman (1991).
1404:Michael Castleman (1991).
1327:Louisiana State University
1112:10.1038/s41598-020-65161-3
954:Andrew Chevallier (1996).
913:: e.T152858227A152906779.
834:
416:
339:southeastern United States
333:In nature, it ranges from
2101:Flora of Northern America
2096:Trees of Northern America
1848:
1518:
1348:"Shrubs: Myrica cerifera"
1177:10.1007/s10530-007-9101-5
1019:Margaret Barwick (2004).
596:. These plants' scent or
398:is present on the seeds.
233:
224:
207:
200:
80:Scientific classification
78:
56:
47:
39:
30:
23:
2111:Plants described in 1753
2106:Flora of Central America
512:Virginia barrier islands
873:
629:
624:
2121:Flora of the Caribbean
996:Flora of North America
600:can distinguish them.
365:
1302:University of Florida
1298:: Southern Waxmyrtle"
809:In general, either a
371:is an evergreen. The
363:
337:, northward into the
318:, fields, hillsides,
43:near a body of water
1157:Biological Invasions
234:Native range in the
1169:2008BiInv..10...19K
1104:2020NatSR..10.8210W
566:Cerothamnus pumilus
479:is often killed by
261:southern wax myrtle
50:Conservation status
1495:-0-88850-098-X
1346:Erv Evans (2003).
1092:Scientific Reports
901:"Morella cerifera"
843:for old-fashioned
796:National Formulary
404:reproduce clonally
366:
2068:
2067:
1768:Open Tree of Life
1512:Taxon identifiers
1459:The Healing Herbs
1434:The Healing Herbs
1406:The Healing Herbs
1323:"Myrica cerifera"
1267:978-1-4027-6715-9
1059:"Myrica cerifera"
864:artificial colors
790:use for bleeding
603:The generic name
406:through runners.
265:southern bayberry
241:
240:
73:
2128:
2061:
2060:
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1993:NBNSYS0000003632
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1520:Morella cerifera
1507:
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1473:
1472:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1379:. Archived from
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1354:. Archived from
1343:
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1319:
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1054:
1035:
1034:
1016:
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1006:
1004:
1003:
987:
970:
969:
951:
932:
931:
929:
927:
922:
896:
663:substitutes for
593:M. caroliniensis
229:
213:
193:M. cerifera
88:
87:
67:
62:
61:
35:
21:
20:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2127:
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2071:
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2017:
2012:
2004:
2001:Observation.org
1999:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1965:
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1952:
1947:
1939:
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1926:
1921:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1895:
1887:
1882:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1850:Myrica cerifera
1844:
1836:
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1613:
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1600:
1592:
1587:
1579:
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1569:
1567:
1559:
1557:
1550:Myrica cerifera
1548:
1547:
1542:
1533:
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1527:
1514:
1504:
1503:
1496:
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1361:
1359:
1344:
1340:
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1329:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1296:Myrica cerifera
1290:
1283:
1268:
1260:. p. 174.
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966:
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935:
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923:
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888:
880:Myrica cerifera
876:
837:
693:
660:M. pensylvanica
655:hardiness zones
643:Myrica cerifera
640:
632:
627:
587:M. pensylvanica
582:Myrica cerifera
556:aside from the
544:into the genus
532:
433:and species of
419:
335:Central America
296:Myrica cerifera
293:
285:medicinal plant
283:, as well as a
245:Myrica cerifera
220:
215:
211:Myrica cerifera
209:
196:
82:
74:
63:
59:
52:
41:Myrica cerifera
25:Myrica cerifera
17:
12:
11:
5:
2134:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
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2088:
2083:
2066:
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2049:
2045:wfo-0000447382
2036:
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2010:
1997:
1984:
1971:
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1932:
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1030:978-0881926613
1029:
1008:
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964:
933:
890:
889:
887:
884:
875:
872:
836:
833:
780:Samuel Thomson
692:
689:
685:dwarf cultivar
639:
636:
631:
628:
626:
623:
584:is similar to
578:Myrica pusilla
548:, e.g. in the
531:
528:
466:fixes nitrogen
437:. To a point,
423:bobwhite quail
418:
415:
349:. In terms of
322:, and in both
292:
289:
239:
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37:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1468:0-87857-934-6
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1443:0-87857-934-6
1439:
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1295:
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1201:
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651:horticulture
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494:M. cerifera'
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458:actinorhizal
454:root nodules
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435:tree sparrow
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277:tallow shrub
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1936:iNaturalist
1786:kew-2501792
1742:NatureServe
1664:iNaturalist
1544:Wikispecies
1098:(1): 8210.
764:convulsions
701:triterpenes
665:M. cerifera
524:M. cerifera
516:disturbance
508:M. cerifera
498:root system
490:fire hazard
486:M. cerifera
477:M. cerifera
443:germination
439:M. cerifera
427:wild turkey
400:M. cerifera
369:M. cerifera
355:M. cerifera
328:M. cerifera
298:is a small
291:Description
269:candleberry
248:is a small
123:Angiosperms
2075:Categories
1781:Plant List
1387:2008-01-24
1362:2008-01-24
1332:2019-07-08
1308:2008-01-24
1236:2014-05-27
1216:2008-01-07
1072:2008-01-13
1002:2008-01-08
886:References
804:astringent
745:myricitrin
717:flavonoids
713:taraxerone
705:myricadiol
638:Ornamental
460:bacteria,
351:succession
324:coniferous
316:sand dunes
169:Myricaceae
1915:106344218
1902:233500790
1865:Q15377365
1721:152858227
1276:244766414
1185:1573-1464
1120:2045-2322
845:Christmas
819:Infusions
817:is used.
811:decoction
760:dysentery
737:potassium
709:taraxerol
697:herbalism
691:Herbalism
677:leaf spot
673:cultivars
647:gardening
481:wildfires
402:can also
396:endosperm
380:dioecious
373:glandular
347:Caribbean
302:or large
255:or large
250:evergreen
187:Species:
93:Kingdom:
2032:21700027
2027:Tropicos
1967:11111179
1954:321936-2
1859:Wikidata
1825:21700096
1820:Tropicos
1747:2.140133
1695:11309793
1682:164286-2
1578:BioLib:
1535:Q1109693
1529:Wikidata
1258:Sterling
1193:24211293
1138:32427910
860:paraffin
825:Pregnant
815:tincture
784:diarrhea
776:seizures
703:such as
619:tamarisk
554:synonyms
530:Taxonomy
452:possess
425:and the
411:rhizomes
345:and the
165:Family:
136:Eudicots
70:IUCN 3.1
1729:MoBotPF
1643:3168995
1165:Bibcode
1129:7237465
1100:Bibcode
926:2 April
849:candles
835:Candles
788:topical
752:Choctaw
733:phenols
721:tannins
679:. Var.
669:pruning
564:split:
562:Morella
546:Morella
470:legumes
462:Frankia
417:Ecology
384:stamens
343:Bermuda
312:streams
175:Genus:
159:Fagales
155:Order:
97:Plantae
68: (
2086:Myrica
2058:418705
2006:119931
1941:278990
1876:200749
1873:APDB:
1794:PLANTS
1773:791123
1734:366364
1708:507899
1669:119956
1656:413128
1630:morcer
1627:FEIS:
1607:482019
1581:163691
1558:AoFP:
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962:
868:scents
829:tannin
774:, and
756:fevers
741:sodium
731:, and
725:resins
711:, and
681:pumila
615:myrike
606:Myrica
598:fruits
576:, and
558:Myrica
537:Myrica
464:which
388:bracts
376:leaves
308:rivers
275:, and
180:Myrica
149:Rosids
2053:WoRMS
1980:19261
1962:IRMNG
1928:24839
1889:458D2
1799:MOCE2
1690:IRMNG
1620:MYRCE
1594:44CWQ
1568:APA:
1189:S2CID
813:or a
772:palsy
768:colic
683:is a
613:word
611:Greek
542:split
450:roots
304:shrub
257:shrub
143:Clade
130:Clade
117:Clade
104:Clade
2014:POWO
1975:ITIS
1949:IPNI
1923:GRIN
1910:GBIF
1807:POWO
1760:3510
1755:NCBI
1716:IUCN
1703:ITIS
1677:IPNI
1651:GRIN
1638:GBIF
1615:EPPO
1571:2685
1561:3942
1490:ISBN
1463:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1272:OCLC
1262:ISBN
1181:ISSN
1134:PMID
1116:ISSN
1025:ISBN
960:ISBN
928:2020
911:2020
874:Soap
866:and
792:gums
750:The
739:and
729:gums
649:and
630:Food
625:Uses
590:and
310:and
300:tree
253:tree
2040:WFO
1988:NBN
1897:FNA
1884:CoL
1833:WFO
1602:EoL
1589:CoL
1173:doi
1124:PMC
1108:doi
915:doi
841:wax
392:wax
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