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254:(December 15, 1913 – February 12, 1980) was an American poet, essayist, biographer, novelist, screenwriter and political activist. She wrote across genres and forms, addressing issues related to racial, gender and class justice, war and war crimes, Jewish culture and diaspora, American history, politics, and culture.
456:, she was the target of sexist literary and political attacks which affected her career trajectory and publishing opportunities, and the FBI compiled a thick file on her as a suspected Communist. For much of her life, she taught university classes and led writing workshops, but she never became a career academic.
463:, which was published in 1949 but had fallen out of print. In a publisher's note, Jan Freeman called it a book that "ranks among the most essential works of twentieth century literature." In it Rukeyser makes the case that poetry is essential to democracy, essential to human life and understanding.
617:
Rukeyser's 5-poem sequence "Käthe
Kollwitz" (The Speed of Darkness, 1968, Random House) was set by Tom Myron in his composition "Käthe Kollwitz for Soprano and String Quartet," "written in response to a commission from violist Julia Adams for a work celebrating the 30th anniversary of the Portland
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broke out and during her five-day stay, she fell in love with Otto Boch, a German communist athlete who volunteered to fight the fascists, and who was later killed. That experience was evoked in "To be a Jew in the
Twentieth Century." Also, her literary agent Monica McCall was her partner for
1693:
Barber, David S. "'The Poet of Unity': Muriel
Rukeyser's Willard Gibbs." CLIO: A Journal of Literature, History and the Philosophy of History 12 (Fall 1982): 1–15; "Craft Interview with Muriel Rukeyser." New York Quarterly 11 (Summer 1972) and in The Craft of Poetry, edited by William Packard
1697:
Daniels, Kate, ed. Out of
Silence: Selected Poems of Muriel Rukeyser (1992), and "Searching/Not Searching: Writing the Biography of Muriel Rukeyser." Poetry East 16/17 (Spring/Summer 1985): 70–93
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1994:
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Ware, Michele S. "Opening 'The Gates': Muriel
Rukeyser and the Poetry of Witness." Women's Studies: An Introductory Journal 22, no. 3 (1993): 297–308; WWWIA, 7.
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Rukeyser was one of the great integrators, seeing the fragmentary world of modernity not as irretrievably broken, but in need of societal and emotional repair.
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1389:"Muriel’s Gift". February 11, 2016. Posted by Helen Engelhardt: Rukeyser’s Poems on Jewish Themes by Helen Engelhardt, accessed December 15, 2019
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Rosenthal, M.L. "Muriel
Rukeyser: The Longer Poems." In New Directions in Prose and Poetry, edited by James Laughlin. Vol. 14 (1953): 202–229;
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1979:
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1984:
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Turner, Alberta. "Muriel
Rukeyser." In Dictionary of Literary Biography 48, s.v. "American Poets, 1880–1945" (1986): 370–375; UJE;
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546:, Metatron the angel quotes an excerpt of Rukeyser's poem "Speed of Darkness": "The Universe is made of stories, not of atoms."
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Pacernick, Gary. "Muriel
Rukeyser: Prophet of Social and Political Justice." Memory and Fire: Ten American Jewish Poets (1989)
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89:
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an experiences that she would describe as a "moment of proof," forming the basis of her rediscovered autobiographical novel,
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1974:
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Barber, David S. "Finding Her Voice: Muriel
Rukeyser's Poetic Development." Modern Poetry Studies 11, no. 1 (1982): 127–138
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1969:
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Gardinier, Suzanne. "'A World That Will Hold All The People': On Muriel
Rukeyser." Kenyon Review 14 (Summer 1992): 88–105
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The Muriel Rukeyser Era: Selected Prose. Eds. Eric Keenaghan and Rowena Kennedy-Epstein. Cornell University Press, 2023.
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featuring creative content by Rukeyser as well as critical resources and creative responses by artists and scholars.
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equality, feminism, motherhood, sexuality, social justice, anti-fascism, ecology, visual and cultural theory
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worked as her secretary in the early 1970s. Also in the 1970s she served on the Advisory Board of the
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Muriel Rukeyser was born on December 15, 1913, to Lawrence and Myra Lyons Rukeyser. She attended the
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Unger, Leonard; Litz, A. Walton; Weigel, Molly; Bechler, Lea; Parini, Jay (January 1, 1974).
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Rukeyser was active in progressive politics throughout her life. At age 21, she covered the
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Herzog, Anne E. & Kaufman, Janet E. (1999) "But Not in the Study: Writing as a Jew" in
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1744:(April 14, 1997). This page includes several reviews, with much biographical information.
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Gander, Catherine. Muriel Rukeyser and Documentary: The Poetics of Connection (EUP, 2013)
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Writer Marian Evans and composer Chris White are collaborating on a play about Rukeyser,
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525:, a New York City based theatre group that wrote and produced plays on feminist issues.
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928:. London: Andre Deutsch, 1965; NY: Pocket Books, 1966; Ashfield, MA: Paris Press, 1997.
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Kennedy-Epstein, Rowena. Unfinished Spirit: Muriel Rukeyser's Twentieth Century (2022)
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How Shall We Tell Each Other of the Poet?: The Life and Writing of Muriel Rukeyser
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697:. Foreword by Stephen Vincent Benet. New Haven: Yale Uni. Press, 1935. Won the
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Rukeyser's poem "Gunday's Child" was set to music by the experimental rock band
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1771:"A Special Issue on Muriel Rukeyser." Poetry East 16/17 (Spring/Summer 1985);
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Writers and Artists Committee, Medical Bureau to Aid Spanish Democracy, 1938.
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1273:. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 177–178.
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Making Something Happen: American Political Poetry between the World Wars
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Produced in Lenox, MA, at Lenox Arts Center, July 3, 1973. Published as
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Her poem "To be a Jew in the Twentieth Century" (1944), on the theme of
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drew a new generation to her poetry. The title poem of her final book,
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Rukeyser was bisexual. In 1936 she had traveled to Spain to cover the
448:, about art and politics in times of crisis, eventually published as
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954:, 1942. Reprinted by the Ox Bow Press, Woodbridge CT. Biography of
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Rukeyser died in New York on February 12, 1980, from a stroke, with
335:, based on flying lessons she took, was chosen by the American poet
24:
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1768:, v.27, n.2 (Fall 2008), pp. 237–257, DOI: 10.1353/tsw.0.0045
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Rich, Adrienne. "Beginners." Kenyon Review 15 (Summer 1993): 12–19
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wrote that she was “our twentieth-century Coleridge; our Neruda."
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Gunnar Ekelöf. With Leif Sjöberg. 2 volumes. Unicorn Press, 1984.
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1795:"Under Forty." Contemporary Jewish Record 7 (February 1944): 4–9
1758:"Planes, Politics, and Protofeminist Poetics: Muriel Rukeyser's
1233:"The Spirit of Revolt: Women Writers, Archives and the Cold War"
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Produced in Poughkeepsie, NY, at Vassar College, June 10, 1961.
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Rukeyser's translation of a poem by Octavio Paz was adapted by
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said that she was the greatest poet of her "exact generation,"
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at the Vassar College Archives and Special Collections Library
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The Colors of the Day: A Celebration of the Vassar Centennial.
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Rukeyser, Muriel; Kennedy-Epstein, Rowena (January 1, 2014).
747:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1948. Includes translations of
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In addition to her poetry, she wrote a fictionalized memoir,
277:, an industrial disaster in which hundreds of miners died of
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Kertesz, Louise. The Poetic Vision of Muriel Rukeyser (1980)
1131:. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Archived from
478:, is based on her unsuccessful attempt to visit Korean poet
941:. NY: Current Books, 1949; Morrow, 1974; Paris Press, 1996.
375:, which handled the defendants' appeals. She wrote for the
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Simon & Schuster, 1970. Photography by Milton Charles.
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Her literary career began in 1935 when her book of poetry
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poet, essayist, biographer, screenwriter, novelist, critic
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One of her most powerful pieces was the long poem titled
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American poet, writer, and political activist (1913–1980)
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Rukeyser, Muriel (2013). Kennedy-Epstein, Rowena (ed.).
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The Orgy: An Irish Journey of Passion and Transformation
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set the poem "Looking at Each Other" in her choral work
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1293:"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" January 30, 1968
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American writers: a collection of literary biographies
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Indiana University Press, 1963. Rev. ed. published as
795:. Santa Barbara CA: Unicorn, 1967. 2nd rev. ed., 1980.
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Levi, Jan Heller, ed. A Muriel Rukeyser Reader (1994)
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Rukeyser, Muriel; Charles, Milton (January 1, 1970).
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Spangler, David; Rukeyser, Muriel (January 1, 2002).
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dedicated a special issue to Rukeyser in Fall 2013.
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In the 1960s and 1970s, when Rukeyser presided over
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famously described her as "mother of us all", while
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Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
757:Centaur Press, 1949. With the drawing "Orpheus" by
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1053:Edited by Kate Daniels. Triquarterly Books, 1992.
779:. NY: Harper, 1958. Includes translated poems of
612:, a publication from Eastern Michigan University,
564:(1997) quotes Rukeyser's poem "King's Mountain".
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497:, plays and screenplays, and translated work by
452:. From the end of the war through the period of
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964:. NY: Simon and Schuster, 1957. Biography of
893:Harper, 1961. Illustrated by Leonard Kessler.
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1713:Jarrell, Randall. Poetry and the Age (1953)
1125:"On "To Be a Jew in the Twentieth Century""
725:Privately printed, 1940. With etchings by
429:among miners there, which resulted in her
389:, for which she was supposed to cover the
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1558:. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
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1221:University of Illinois English Department
689:Rukeyser's original collections of poetry
381:and a variety of publications, including
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1387:https://jewishcurrents.org/muriels-gift/
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523:Westbeth Playwrights Feminist Collective
444:she gave a series of lectures, entitled
1930:Ethical Culture Fieldston School alumni
1065:. University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005.
1045:The Collected Poems of Muriel Rukeyser.
974:. NY: Random House, 1971. Biography of
911:Harper & Row, 1981. Illustrated by
664:Harriet Monroe Poetry Award (the first)
397:government's alternative to the Nazis'
362:, Essays on Art in Society, A Human Eye
348:
288:as a gift, was adopted by the American
273:(1938), documenting the details of the
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1063:The Collected Poems of Muriel Rukeyser
1039:Edited collections of Rukeyser's works
532:as a contributing factor. She was 66.
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470:, her feminism and opposition to the
1666:. New York City: Current Books inc.
1528:Rosenbaum, Judith (March 20, 2009).
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874:Produced in New York City, NY, 1957.
600:, titled after a line in Rukeyser's
421:with the filmmaker and photographer
393:(Olimpiada Popular, Barcelona), the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1980:20th-century American women writers
1828:Guide to the Muriel Rukeyser Papers
1766:Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature
1307:"Muriel Rukeyser: A Living Archive"
488:Writers and Editors War Tax Protest
203:Vassar College, Columbia University
13:
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1313:. December 4, 2013. Archived from
899:Harcourt, Brace & World, 1967.
579:set one of her texts in his opera
324:. From 1930 to 1932, she attended
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2011:
1985:LGBT people from New York (state)
1819:Muriel Rukeyser papers, 1844–1986
1809:Muriel Rukeyser: A Living Archive
1802:
535:
433:masterpiece the documentary poem
1583:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
1479:. Ashfield, Mass.: Paris Press.
1231:Kennedy-Epstein, Rowena (2017).
1010:With Leif Sjöberg. Twayne, 1967.
1008:Selected Poems of Gunnar Ekelöf.
845:Produced in Iowa City, IA, 1945.
723:The Soul and Body of John Brown.
628:
610:JNT: Journal of Narrative Theory
505:. She also wrote biographies of
413:. Rukeyser famously traveled to
371:in Alabama, then worked for the
310:Ethical Culture Fieldston School
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1402:The Soul and Body of John Brown
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1051:Out of Silence: Selected Poems.
787:Waterlily Fire: Poems 1935-1962
425:, to investigate the recurring
34:needs additional citations for
1960:Sarah Lawrence College faculty
1420:. The Feminist Press at CUNY.
1363:"Darkness & Light, Vol. 3"
1299:
1287:
1237:Modernism/Modernity Print Plus
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1205:
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989:Selected Poems of Octavio Paz.
952:Willard Gibbs: American Genius
933:Works of criticism by Rukeyser
459:In 1996, Paris Press reissued
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1341:murielrukeyser.emuenglish.org
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1032:A Molna Elegy: Metamorphoses.
303:
1875:All the Way Home, short film
1854:, retrieved January 30, 2006
1789:, retrieved January 30, 2006
830:Savage Coast : A Novel.
799:The Speed of Darkness: Poems
571:for his choral composition "
7:
1975:20th-century American poets
1864:Muriel Rukeyser's FBI files
1833:September 24, 2020, at the
1813:Eastern Michigan University
1311:Eastern Michigan University
972:The Traces of Thomas Hariot
807:. Rapp & Whiting, 1972.
486:. In 1968, she signed the "
373:International Labor Defense
10:
2016:
1970:Yale Younger Poets winners
1925:Columbia University alumni
1846:December 17, 2008, at the
1269:Thurston, Michael (2006).
2000:American bisexual writers
1762:and The Middle of the Air
1662:Rukeyser, Muriel (1949).
1641:. London: Andre Deutsch.
1637:Rukeyser, Muriel (1965).
1612:Rukeyser, Muriel (1981).
1554:Rukeyser, Muriel (1967).
1500:Rukeyser, Muriel (1955).
1399:Rukeyser, Muriel (1940).
801:. NY: Random House, 1968.
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637:for the literary journal
623:Sleepytime Gorilla Museum
618:String Quartet in 1998."
342:Yale Younger Poets Series
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195:Ethical Culture Fieldston
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1057:A Muriel Rukeyser Reader
1023:Uncle Eddie's Moustache.
983:Translations by Rukeyser
866:Film written by Rukeyser
819:. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1976.
811:Breaking Open: New Poems
699:Yale Younger Poets Award
683:
656:Yale Younger Poets Award
387:Life & Letters Today
1086:Rich, Adrienne (1993).
1028:. Pantheon Books, 1974.
1004:. New Directions, 1963.
946:Biographies by Rukeyser
773:. New Directions, 1951.
767:. New Directions, 1949.
713:. Covici, Friede, 1938.
540:In the television show
339:for publication in the
1915:Bisexual women writers
1905:American tax resisters
1858:"The Book of the Dead"
1852:Modern American Poetry
1787:Modern American Poetry
1534:Jewish Women's Archive
1191:. The Feminist Press.
1158:. New York: Scribner.
1129:Modern American Poetry
993:Early Poems 1935-1955,
843:The Middle of the Air.
789:. NY: Macmillan, 1962.
554:
365:
312:, a private school in
1965:Vassar College alumni
1935:Jewish American poets
1850:by Michael Thurston,
1781:July 4, 2008, at the
1732:July 6, 2008, at the
1217:July 6, 2008, at the
995:New Directions, 1973.
832:Feminist Press, 2013.
813:. Random House, 1973.
777:Body of Waking: Poems
745:The Green Wave: Poems
717:A Turning Wind: Poems
678:Guggenheim Fellowship
598:Throat of These Hours
552:
352:
337:Stephen Vincent Benét
1945:Jewish women writers
1910:American women poets
1774:Thurston, Michael, "
1616:. Harper & Row.
1504:. New York: Harper.
1019:. T. Williams, 1967.
956:Josiah Willard Gibbs
507:Josiah Willard Gibbs
436:The Book of the Dead
409:, and the long poem
399:1936 Berlin Olympics
349:Activism and writing
296:movements for their
275:Hawk's Nest incident
271:The Book of the Dead
43:improve this article
1955:American LGBT poets
1871:(audio recordings).
1823:Library of Congress
1811:Ongoing project by
1776:Biographical sketch
1317:on January 17, 2014
920:Memoirs by Rukeyser
859:Houdini: A Musical,
824:Fiction by Rukeyser
440:. During and after
326:Columbia University
1990:Bisexual academics
1900:American feminists
1860:by Muriel Rukeyser
1738:The Life of Poetry
1664:The Life of Poetry
1477:Houdini: a musical
1343:. December 7, 2018
1212:excerpts online at
1135:on August 20, 2008
939:The Life of Poetry
861:Paris Press, 2002.
741:. Doubleday, 1944.
735:. Doubleday, 1942.
727:Rudolph von Ripper
558:Jeanette Winterson
555:
461:The Life of Poetry
450:The Life of Poetry
219:William L Rukeyser
1756:Rudnitsky, Lexi.
1530:"Muriel Rukeyser"
1454:Poetry Foundation
1450:"Muriel Rukeyser"
1249:10.26597/mod.0025
1092:The Kenyon Review
872:All the Way Home.
837:Plays by Rukeyser
643:Spanish Civil War
635:People's Olympiad
602:Speed of Darkness
553:Speed of Darkness
403:Spanish Civil War
391:People's Olympiad
294:Reconstructionist
249:
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165:February 12, 1980
155:December 15, 1913
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1940:Jewish feminists
1760:Theory of Flight
1725:Myles, Eileen, "
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660:Theory of Flight
639:Life and Letters
482:on death row in
446:The Usable Truth
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793:The Outer Banks
751:poems and rari.
719:. Viking, 1939.
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54:Find sources:
48:
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32:This article
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1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:
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1458:. Retrieved
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1418:Savage coast
1417:
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1394:
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1370:. Retrieved
1366:
1357:
1345:. Retrieved
1340:
1331:
1319:. Retrieved
1315:the original
1301:
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1252:. Retrieved
1240:
1236:
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1189:Savage Coast
1188:
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1137:. Retrieved
1133:the original
1128:
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1107:. Retrieved
1098:(3): 12–19.
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1014:Three Poems.
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407:Savage Coast
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378:Daily Worker
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322:Poughkeepsie
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298:prayer books
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167:(1980-02-12)
120:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1895:1980 deaths
1890:1913 births
1321:January 16,
1088:"Beginners"
1002:Octavio Paz
909:More Night.
781:Octavio Paz
749:Octavio Paz
733:Wake Island
573:Water Night
499:Octavio Paz
484:South Korea
472:Vietnam War
468:PEN America
454:McCarthyism
260:Anne Sexton
241:.emuenglish
184:Citizenship
1884:Categories
1742:The Nation
1614:More Night
1590:067165151X
1486:1930464045
1165:0684197855
1073:References
999:Sun Stone.
591:Love Songs
577:John Adams
480:Kim Chi-Ha
304:Early life
176:Occupation
151:1913-12-15
69:newspapers
1436:887938693
891:I Go Out.
646:decades.
560:'s novel
476:The Gates
431:modernist
427:silicosis
314:The Bronx
279:silicosis
224:Relatives
192:Education
1844:Archived
1831:Archived
1779:Archived
1730:Archived
1639:The Orgy
1539:March 4,
1460:March 8,
1372:March 1,
1347:March 1,
1254:July 11,
1215:Archived
1139:April 6,
1109:July 11,
962:One Life
897:Bubbles.
855:Houdini.
805:29 Poems
755:Orpheus.
701:in 1935.
530:diabetes
495:The Orgy
383:Decision
357:—
216:Children
187:American
1821:at the
1556:Bubbles
1174:1041142
1104:4336859
765:Elegies
759:Picasso
395:Catalan
316:, then
286:Judaism
232:Website
208:Subject
83:scholar
1694:(1974)
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903:Mazes.
650:Awards
641:. The
585:, and
513:, and
438:(poem)
290:Reform
85:
78:
71:
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1581:Mazes
1243:(2).
1100:JSTOR
684:Works
90:JSTOR
76:books
1668:ISBN
1643:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1595:OCLC
1585:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1541:2020
1506:ISBN
1481:ISBN
1462:2017
1432:OCLC
1422:ISBN
1374:2020
1349:2020
1323:2014
1275:ISBN
1256:2024
1193:ISBN
1170:OCLC
1160:ISBN
1141:2012
1111:2024
607:The
575:."
501:and
385:and
292:and
243:.org
162:Died
145:Born
62:news
1785:."
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1245:doi
320:in
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