416:. One of the alternative suspects was Downing's father, who had been driving the bus that dropped Sewell near her workplace on the morning she was assaulted. All of these alternative suspects were cleared of any possibility of having murdered Wendy Sewell. Downing, meanwhile, was the only suspect who could not be eliminated. The police had wanted to question Downing about three confessions he made to the murder since his release from prison, including one recorded on audio tape, but he refused to comply. A woman who he was in a relationship with had taped him confessing during an argument, and he was also alleged to have confessed to his father on two occasions in 2002 after his release. Although he had refused to be interviewed for the reinvestigation, Downing issued a formal complaint after the findings were announced, saying: "They said that they would do a thorough investigation into the matter - they have not done". An independent committee set up to oversee the police investigation later concluded that the inquiry had been completely fair and that they were satisfied with the integrity and rigour of the investigation. Downing's solicitor was among those on the committee and himself concluded that the investigation had been fair.
444:, that, taken in isolation, have the potential to detract the reader from the facts surrounding the case". The report further added: "A number of witnesses to whom Mr Hale attributed personal comment have told officers they have never spoken to him. Many witnesses who recalled speaking to Mr Hale say his written version is not their recollection of what was said". The report highlighted that speculation in the book that Sewell was meeting an illicit boyfriend at the time of her death was incorrect, and said that it was wrong of Hale to draw significance to Sewell's "missing bag" and claims that her personal effects were never found, since they had actually been returned to her husband shortly after the murder and never went missing. Police further investigated the book after complaints were raised, considering whether Hale could be prosecuted for its contents. However, it was announced in September 2003 that Hale would not be charged.
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confession was deemed unsafe because
Downing had been questioned for eight hours, during which the police shook him and pulled his hair to keep him awake; because he wasn't formally cautioned that what he said may be used in evidence against him; and because he wasn't given a solicitor. The Crown also agreed with the defence argument that more recent knowledge of blood-splattering patterns meant the prosecution's claim that the blood could only have been found on the clothes of the attacker was questionable. Blood-staining experts, however, disagreed on whether the blood-staining was not from Downing attacking Sewell, and one concluded in 2002 that: "The pattern of bloodstaining on Downing's clothing supports the assertion that Stephen Downing battered Mrs Sewell prior to handling and kneeling by her body".
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evidence as "a textbook example ... which might be expected on the clothing of the assailant". Downing said at the trial that he had been using the murder weapon, the pickaxe handle, to break up firewood. No full transcript of the trial exists, but it is known that, in summing up, the judge drew attention to
Downing's admission during the trial of having indecently assaulted Sewell as she lay injured in the cemetery. He had also only begun to claim his confession to the murder was not genuine several weeks after he was originally charged. He said he had only confessed because he thought that she had not been seriously injured and would not die.
553:, was aired. It claimed that Sutcliffe could be linked to the attack and that Downing must have been innocent, because he said in his confession that he had picked up the pickaxe handle he used to attack Sewell from the graveyard store, and it had actually not been kept there. It was suggested, therefore, that Downing had in fact not accessed the tool. However, Downing had actually said at his trial that he had been using the murder weapon that afternoon to break up firewood.
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get him to confess. After several hours of this treatment, Downing agreed to sign a confession. At this point Sewell had not died, and he was only charged with the lesser crime of assault. After he confessed to the assault it was revealed that Sewell had died, and
Downing's charge was elevated to murder. Downing retracted his confession soon after, claiming he was at home at the time of the attack. There was no evidence to support this claim.
22:
512:', obtained a pathology report which he claimed was buried by the police in 1973 within a few days of the attack on Wendy Sewell. He said it would have completely contradicted the so-called confession, exonerated Downing and prevented a miscarriage of justice, because he said that it revealed that she had bruising on her neck and so must have been strangled. The
440:, came in for considerable criticism at this time, and it was accused of inaccuracy. A police report criticised Hale's book, saying that an analysis of it had showed discrepancies in his story. The man who wrote the report, Deputy Chief Constable Bob Wood, commented: "There are a number of anomalies contained within Mr Hale's documentation, and within
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and after police had previously visited her house to ask if she had seen anything. The court felt that her evidence was not credible and secure enough to allow an appeal against the conviction. After the appeal was rejected, it was widely accepted that
Downing was guilty, and the case slipped into obscurity for many years.
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Hale found that the murder weapon, a pickaxe handle, was on display at Derby Museum. He organised his own modern forensic examination to be made of it. Mr
Downing's fingerprints were not found although there was a palm print from an as yet unidentified person. However, the print could have come to be
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In 2005, the law on double jeopardy was changed so as to allow those who had previously been acquitted of murder to be re-tried if new and compelling evidence was found. This led to police to apply to the CPS to charge
Downing, the prime and only suspect, once more. However, the CPS decided that the
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and had never had a girlfriend. Despite having learning difficulties and a mental age of 11, he was not cautioned and was questioned for hours without a lawyer present. Officers questioning
Downing shook him and pulled his hair to prevent him from going to sleep, and allegedly took bets on who would
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Stephen
Downing worked for the local council as a gardener in the Bakewell cemetery where Wendy Sewell was murdered. He was 17 years old, with a reading age of an 11-year-old, when he was tried and found guilty of the murder of Sewell. He served 27 years in jail. He had to change prison eight times
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heard the grounds for appeal and reached the conclusion that the witness' evidence of seeing Wendy Sewell walking towards the back of the consecrated chapel was unreliable due to some fully grown trees obstructing her line of sight. The witness had also only come forward months after the conviction
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The 17-year-old cemetery groundskeeper who found the body, Stephen
Downing, was immediately suspected of committing the attack. He told police he wanted to wash blood from his hands, at which point he was arrested. He later told police that he had found Sewell lying on the ground, covered in blood,
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Wendy Sewell was attacked, in
Bakewell Cemetery, at lunchtime on 12 September 1973. A witness, Charles Carman, saw her enter the cemetery at about 12:50 pm. She was beaten around the head seven times with the handle of a pickaxe, which had caused severe head injuries and fractures to her skull. She
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During the Derbyshire Police's re-investigation in 2002, this witness was re-interviewed and accompanied back to the cemetery location. She reaffirmed that the fully grown trees, which have since been felled, would have obstructed her line of sight. She also revealed the knowledge that she is, and
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and a jury. He pleaded not guilty to murder, although he admitted to sexually assaulting Sewell as she lay in the cemetery. A forensic scientist Norman Lee, gave evidence that the blood found on the accused could only have been present if he had been responsible for the assault. Lee described this
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as being hailed as "a triumph for campaigning journalism... and an end to one of the worst miscarriages of justice in English legal history." Downing was reported as receiving celebrity treatment upon his release. He initially found employment as a trainee chef in a Bakewell restaurant, using the
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reinvestigated the murder under the name Operation Noble. During 2002, they interviewed 1,600 witnesses, at an estimated cost of £500,000 – though Downing himself refused to be reinterviewed. A year after the conviction was overturned, in February 2003, Derbyshire police revealed the findings of
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and only suspect in the case, with police reinvestigations finding that all the alternative suspects suggested by Don Hale could be eliminated from inquiries. Downing, meanwhile, was the only suspect who could not be eliminated. He was also recorded confessing to the crime after he was released,
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dismissed the claims, saying that the murder had been thoroughly reinvestigated and this revealed that only Downing could not be eliminated as a suspect. They also stated that there was no evidence to suggest that Peter Sutcliffe was involved. Sutcliffe committed almost all of his attacks in
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accepted many of the reasons that were put forward by Hale and others for believing the conviction was unsafe. Julian Bevan, counsel for the Crown, accepted two arguments put forward by the defence. The first was that Downing's confession should not have been allowed to go before a jury. The
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while dressed as a police officer, which, it was concluded, was "likely to deceive the public". His jacket had the name of Downing's freelance photographic company advertised on the back. He had worn the clothing on previous occasions, and he was fined a total of £1,062.
394:". What the defence had proved was that there was reasonable doubt about the "reliability of the confessions made in 1973". His Lordship said: "The court cannot be sure the confessions are reliable. It follows that the conviction is unsafe. The conviction is quashed."
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on the handle at any point in time, with it being contaminated over the years it was stored. It had not been stored in protected conditions and had been handled by countless individuals, meaning the print could have been entirely unrelated to the crime.
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After failing to link any other person with the murder, and unable to eliminate Downing as the suspect, the police declared the case closed and said they were not looking for anyone else. Even though Downing remained the prime suspect, under the
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As a result of this campaign, along with Downing's continued claims of innocence, the case was referred to the Criminal Cases Review Commission in 1997. He was released on appeal in 2001, after 27 years in prison. The following year, the
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464:", which concluded that Downing may have in fact committed the crime. As a result, Don Hale complained about the programme. The producers said that it was a more balanced and accurate account of the case than Hale's book
424:" rules in place at the time a suspect could not be re-arrested and charged with a crime they had previously been acquitted of. The police said that, had the law been different, they would have applied to the
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and parts of her bra removed by her killer. When help arrived the woman was still conscious and she then tried to stand up, before falling and banging her head on a gravestone. She died from her injuries in
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A witness was found who said she saw Downing leaving the cemetery, and at that time she also saw Wendy Sewell alive and unharmed. Downing applied for leave to appeal on the grounds he had a new witness.
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although he refused to be re-interviewed by police. Don Hale's book was subsequently criticised for falsehoods and inaccuracies, and police considered bringing charges against him for its contents.
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training he had been given whilst in prison. After his exoneration, Downing received an interim compensation payment of £250,000, as well as a final undisclosed sum said to be "less than" £500,000.
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Stephen Downing continued to deny committing the murder so his family attempted to get support for another retrial, saying "we just want him home". In 1994, they wrote to the local newspaper, the
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was at the time, short sighted. The witness, who was 15 years old at the time of the murder, was unable to give an adequate reason for why she came forward with her original evidence.
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new evidence presented was not compelling enough for a retrial. Sewell's widower David attempted to get the CPS to reconsider their ruling. Downing declined to comment.
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their reinvestigation of the murder. 22 other possible suspects had been investigated, many of whom had been suggested by Don Hale during his campaign, and in his book
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said that the Court of Appeal did not have to consider whether Downing had proved that he was innocent, but whether the original conviction was fair – "
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By a unanimous verdict, and after only 1 hour of deliberations, the jury found Downing guilty of murder. He was sentenced to be indefinitely detained
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was changed in England and Wales in 2005, allowing individuals who had previously been acquitted of a crime to be re-tried in certain circumstances,
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428:(CPS) to again charge Downing with the murder. The findings of the investigation led to public doubts over whether he should have been released.
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said that any new evidence would be sent to the police, and said that any evidence of police misconduct would be referred to the
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1497:"Stephen Downing says he didn't do it. Nobody listened. Now, after 27 years in jail, he may be cleared of murder"
913:"Stephen Downing says he didn't do it. Nobody listened. Now, after 27 years in jail, he may be cleared of murder"
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844:"OPERATION NOBLE: The Police Reinvestigation of the Murder of Wendy Sewell in Bakewell, September 1973"
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In 2022, a documentary on Clark's book about Peter Sutcliffe's supposed links to other murders, titled
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The question for consideration is whether the conviction is safe and not whether the accused is guilty
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In October 2008, Downing was convicted of wearing police clothing in public. He had been arrested in
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1540:"After spending 27 years in prison Stephen Downing is obsessed by being a copper – mirror.co.uk"
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was convicted of the murder of Sewell. Following a campaign by a local newspaper led by
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was committed on 12 September 1973. Wendy Sewell, a 32-year-old legal secretary from
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due to being assaulted by fellow prisoners as a sex offender. He was released from
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overturned Downing's conviction, finding the confession evidence to be unreliable.
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271:—Stephen Downing, describing the situation when police arrived at the scene, 2022
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to re-charge Downing. However, as of July 2022, Downing has not been retried.
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Following the Court of Appeal overturning Stephen Downing's conviction, the
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and that her blood got on his clothes because she shook her head. He was a
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Lomax, Scott (October 2009). "Chapter 12 - Wendy Sewell: Bakewell 1973".
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was found beaten, sexually assaulted and murdered. In 1974, 17-year-old
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in British legal history, and attracted international media attention.
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529:, some 40 miles from Bakewell, except for two attacks he committed in
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Unsolved Crimes: From the Case Files of The People and Daily Mirror
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Downing's trial took place between 13 and 15 February 1974 at the
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Sub-postmasters operating the Post Office Horizon computer system
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1435:"Wendy Sewell murder: Pathology report 'contradicts conviction'"
694:"The new injustices:from false confessions to false allegations"
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In March 2004, Stephen Downing was arrested over allegations of
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Peter Sutcliffe § Yorkshire Ripper: The Secret Murders
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List of miscarriage of justice cases in the United Kingdom
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List of miscarriage of justice cases in the United Kingdom
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During the second appeal, held on 15 January 2002, the
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702:. Archived from the original on 1 October 2002
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432:Complaints against Hale and charges considered
77:1973 English killing and subsequent legal case
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1522:"INNOCENT – Fighting miscarriages of justice"
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65:Learn how and when to remove this message
1137:"Downing to complain over police report"
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518:Independent Police Complaints Commission
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
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1465:"Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe dies"
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1033:"Don Hale: One man's fight for justice"
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1670:Welch, Claire (2012). "Wendy Sewell".
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634:"The editor, the murder and the truth"
569:Downing's release was reported by the
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1614:from the original on 9 February 2017
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1404:Yorkshire Ripper: The Secret Murders
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1147:from the original on 18 October 2023
1045:from the original on 3 February 2017
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768:from the original on 15 January 2009
692:Webster, Richard (28 January 2002).
551:Yorkshire Ripper: The Secret Murders
538:Yorkshire Ripper: The Secret Murders
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1570:from the original on 19 August 2022
1475:from the original on 16 August 2022
1346:from the original on 19 August 2022
1273:"Downing quizzed over intimidation"
1170:"Watchdog says re-inquiry was fair"
661:"Downing murder conviction quashed"
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1674:. Yeovil: Haynes. pp. 70–73.
1560:"Downing given final compensation"
1510:from the original on 18 June 2022.
1373:"Fine for wearing 'police' jacket"
1336:"Downing given final compensation"
1240:"Journalist will not face charges"
1107:"Downing angry at 'suspect' claim"
1074:"Downing retrial 'was considered'"
1000:from the original on 12 March 2007
960:"Judges reject evidence by girl".
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556:
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460:dramatisation of the case titled "
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2199:Overturned convictions in England
2076:West Midlands Serious Crime Squad
1916:West Midlands Serious Crime Squad
1608:"In Denial of Murder (2004) (TV)"
1494:Herbert, Ian (15 November 2000).
1402:Clarke, Chris; Tate, Tim (2015).
1383:from the original on 31 July 2024
1316:from the original on 19 June 2004
1283:from the original on 31 July 2024
1250:from the original on 24 July 2022
1209:"Journalist criticised by police"
1180:from the original on 31 July 2024
1117:from the original on 4 April 2023
1084:from the original on 31 July 2024
893:from the original on 31 July 2024
854:from the original on 10 June 2015
754:Gould, Peter (27 February 2003).
673:from the original on 19 July 2004
2097:Criminal Cases Review Commission
1831:Guildford Four and Maguire Seven
1719:Miscarriage of justice in the UK
1306:"Hale sleuths on after Bakewell"
756:"Still a suspect after 30 years"
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710:– via richardwebster.net.
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1031:Wade, Dave (26 January 2017).
988:"Don Hale: Campaigning editor"
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1655:. Barnsley: Pen & Sword.
964:. 26 October 1974. p. 5.
632:Cohen, Nick (10 March 2003).
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2030:Shirley and Lynette Banfield
172:Stephen Downing (overturned)
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2209:Unsolved murders in England
2189:Deaths by person in England
2081:Police Complaints Authority
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592:played Stephen Downing and
566:in Cambridgeshire in 2001.
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306:innocent prisoner's dilemma
250:Chesterfield Royal Hospital
188:Peak District in Derbyshire
164:Apparently sexual motivated
47:conditions to do so are met
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945:"Cemetery murder denied".
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324:On 25 October 1974, the
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1911:Cardiff Newsagent Three
1739:William Herbert Wallace
1597:BBC Press Office 2/2/04
494:Yorkshire Ripper theory
2143:Southall Black Sisters
2055:Miscarriage of justice
1765:Mahmood Hussein Mattan
403:Police reinvestigation
304:Claiming he was in an
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200:miscarriage of justice
180:murder of Wendy Sewell
85:Murder of Wendy Sewell
2214:Female murder victims
1246:. 15 September 2003.
596:played Wendy Sewell.
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1528:on 5 September 2008.
1471:. 13 November 2020.
1113:. 27 February 2003.
500:Chris Clark (writer)
205:Downing remains the
2184:Crime in Derbyshire
1566:. 16 October 2006.
1441:. 15 January 2014.
1379:. 13 October 2008.
1342:. 16 October 2006.
996:. 7 February 2001.
949:. 13 February 1974.
919:. 15 November 2000.
669:. 15 January 2002.
585:In Denial of Murder
462:In Denial of Murder
312:under English law.
34:of this article is
1781:Jonathan Rosenhead
1215:. 27 February 2003
2194:False confessions
2156:
2155:
2043:
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1681:978-0-857331-75-5
1638:Town Without Pity
1636:Hale, Don (2002)
1413:978-1-784-18418-6
1176:. 11 March 2003.
848:Derbyshire Police
522:Derbyshire Police
504:In January 2014,
466:Town Without Pity
442:Town Without Pity
438:Town Without Pity
414:Town Without Pity
409:Derbyshire Police
388:Lord Justice Pill
375:The second appeal
219:Derbyshire Police
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120:12 September 1973
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2035:Andrew Malkinson
1921:Winchester Three
1868:Bridgewater Four
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2128:Chris Mullin
2123:Sarah Conlon
2118:Sarah Clarke
2113:Julie Bindel
2069:Institutions
2015:Barry George
1979:Siôn Jenkins
1947:Raphael Rowe
1884:Sean Hodgson
1853:Robert Brown
1836:Gerry Conlon
1801:Andrew Evans
1671:
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1631:Bibliography
1616:. Retrieved
1610:. imdb.com.
1602:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1563:
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1545:Daily Mirror
1543:
1534:
1526:the original
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1477:. Retrieved
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1002:. Retrieved
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962:The Guardian
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454:intimidation
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398:Later events
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148:Wendy Sewell
96:Wendy Sewell
79:
61:
52:
30:
2174:1973 deaths
2169:1957 births
2138:Clare Short
1989:Sally Clark
1821:Judith Ward
1806:Liam Holden
514:Home Office
506:Chris Clark
448:2004 arrest
353:promiscuous
153:Perpetrator
126:Attack type
2163:Categories
2025:Sam Hallam
1640:(Century)
1506:. London.
1350:16 October
1049:8 February
1019:Welch 2012
975:Welch 2012
930:Welch 2012
826:Lomax 2009
612:References
531:Manchester
110:Derbyshire
55:March 2024
32:neutrality
1964:Lee Clegg
1942:M25 Three
1796:Oval Four
947:The Times
588:in which
245:plimsolls
169:Convicted
112:, England
43:talk page
2179:Bakewell
1612:Archived
1591:Archived
1568:Archived
1564:BBC News
1508:Archived
1473:Archived
1469:BBC News
1443:Archived
1439:BBC News
1381:Archived
1377:BBC News
1344:Archived
1340:BBC News
1314:Archived
1310:BBC News
1281:Archived
1277:BBC News
1248:Archived
1244:BBC News
1213:BBC News
1178:Archived
1174:BBC News
1145:Archived
1141:BBC News
1115:Archived
1111:BBC News
1082:Archived
1078:BBC News
1043:Archived
1038:BBC News
1004:11 March
998:Archived
993:BBC News
891:Archived
852:Archived
766:Archived
761:BBC News
716:cite web
706:11 March
671:Archived
666:BBC News
645:11 March
600:See also
349:Don Hale
337:Campaign
196:Don Hale
184:Bakewell
106:Bakewell
102:Location
36:disputed
2106:Related
1725:Accused
1618:23 July
1574:24 July
1479:25 July
1449:24 July
1387:24 July
1320:24 July
1287:24 July
1254:24 July
1219:24 July
1184:24 July
1151:24 July
1121:24 July
1088:24 July
897:25 July
889:. ITV.
887:ITV Hub
858:28 June
677:23 July
289:before
234:Assault
229:History
156:Unknown
145:Victims
2090:Review
2048:Issues
1678:
1659:
1644:
1410:
772:24 May
487:Buxton
310:parole
279:virgin
161:Motive
137:Deaths
131:Murder
2003:2000s
1935:1990s
1877:1980s
1774:1970s
1748:1950s
1732:1930s
256:Trial
241:pants
207:prime
1676:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1620:2008
1576:2022
1481:2022
1451:2022
1408:ISBN
1389:2022
1352:2006
1322:2022
1289:2022
1256:2022
1221:2022
1186:2022
1153:2022
1123:2022
1090:2022
1051:2017
1006:2020
899:2022
860:2014
774:2010
722:link
708:2020
679:2008
647:2020
178:The
117:Date
29:The
571:BBC
458:BBC
359:".
266:!"
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