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Pericytes, vSMCs, and many other perivascular cell types express very similar markers such as
Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Beta (PDGFR-B), aminopeptidase-N (CD13), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (Ng2), or desmin, which makes their identification difficult and requires a combination of
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Mural cells were described for the first time in the late 19th century as contractile cells lining up around the endothelium. In reality, it was a variety of cells that had been observed and bundled up under the common name of Rouget cells. Later studies brought controversy about their contractility,
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Fujimoto, Akihisa, Onodera, Hisashi, Mori, Akira, Isobe, Naoki, Yasuda, Seiichi, Oe, Hideaki, Yonenaga, Yoshikuni, Tachibana, Tsuyoshi & Imamura, Masayuki (2004) Vascular endothelial growth factor reduces mural cell coverage of endothelial cells and induces sprouting rather than luminal division
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Recently, efforts have been undertaken using single cell sequencing on mural cells to try to characterize their molecular signature along the blood vessels. This showed that there is a zonation in their expression patterns by which they can be grouped into different subsets, but no singular markers
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Typically, vSMCs wrap around larger vessels: they form a dense continuum spindling around arteries, arterioles and precapillary arterioles; while around postcapillary venules, vSMCs adopt a different morphology: individual cell bodies extending thing branching
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Vanlandewijck, Michael; He, Liqun; Mäe, Maarja
Andaloussi; Andrae, Johanna; Ando, Koji; Del Gaudio, Francesca; Nahar, Khayrun; Lebouvier, Thibaud; Laviña, Bà rbara (2018-02-14). "A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature".
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markers: for example vSMCs but not pericytes express alpha-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2). Nowadays, distinctively characterizing these cells requires a combination of markers, cellular location and morphology.
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Abramsson A, Berlin O, Papayan H, Paulin D, Shani M, Betsholtz C. (2002). Analysis of Mural Cell
Recruitment to Tumor Vessels.
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The cell body of pericytes has a round shape extending a few processes in a longitudinal fashion along the capillaries.
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in an HT1080 tumour angiogenesis model. International
Journal of Experimental Pathology 85 (6), 355-364.
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193:"Pericytes: Developmental, Physiological, and Pathological Perspectives, Problems, and Promises"
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vasculature is partly due to the inability of tumors to recruit properly organized mural cells.
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Levéen, P.; Pekny, M.; Gebre-Medhin, S.; Swolin, B.; Larsson, E.; Betsholtz, C. (1994-08-15).
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List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
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