374:(ENDF) had "destroyed Tigray, ... burned schools, clinics, ... ransacked each house". He stated that the killing, the worst of which was done by the Eritrean forces, was against "whomever they find in whichever village they get in". He stated that in the small village that he had been in a day earlier, 21 people had been killed by the armed forces. Mulugeta described produce as have been "massively, massively" ransacked by the EDF, leading to a likely humanitarian crisis. Mulugeta described the killings as "genocide by decree", with the ENDF and EDF killing "whomever they find.
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However, according to
Mulugeta, the leadership of the EPRDF became less egalitarian than during its role as a revolutionary movement, and more bureaucratised, with a weakening separation between the EPRDF as a political party and the Ethiopian federal state, and strengthening top-down control of the state. The result by 2017 was "rent seeking and corruption" within the elite and the appointment of party loyalists to state institutions. Mulugeta saw the parliament as having
262:(DDR commission) for the first ten years of TPLF/EPRDF's control of Ethiopia, starting in 1991. According to Mulugeta, the Commission successfully integrated 78,000 short-term conscripted soldiers from rural areas; 170,000 long-term rural conscripts; 100,000 urban soldiers; and 30,000 disabled veterans. Mulugeta argued that the DDR program was larger and more successful than similar programs following other armed conflicts in Africa.
330:
Mulugeta saw the TPLF/EPRDF, after taking power in
Ethiopia in 1991, as being successful in initiating the creation of the institutions typical of a democratic state, including a judiciary with some degree of independence, a local and national electoral system, minority rights and a constitution.
346:
becoming prime minister in 2018, Mulugeta saw this as a result of competition rather than consensus-building, and worried that Abiy had amplified the competitive aspect of
Ethiopian politics, "alienat key players in the coalition", leading to a risk of a "complete collapse of the state".
354:
as fully justified. He saw the federal government as "fast approaching a failed state" and expressed hope that
Ethiopian and international increased awareness of the depth of the crisis might lead to "key stakeholders" seeking a solution.
464:
242:
Mulugeta was active in the EPRDF in 1976, shortly after it was created as a rebel movement, and became a founding member of the EPRDF Council in 1990. He remained an EPRDF member through to 2002.
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role in confirming new laws, the judiciary as "far from independent", and the media as "below the standard to serve as a fourth pillar of check and balance of power".
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366:(UAE) drones had been a key factor in destroying TPLF heavy weaponry, "disarm Tigray". He described the TPLF leadership as being "dislocated" and stated that the
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342:'s prime ministership, the Ethiopian political system had become a competition for domination with too little cooperation. With
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program of the 380,000 armed rebels after the EPRDF gained control of
Ethiopia in 1991. Mulugeta was a mediator in the
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starting from their role as rebels through to their transition to and running of the government of
Ethiopia.
785:
587:"From left-wing liberation army into a government: the challenges of transition and the case of TPLF/EPRDF"
224:
From left-wing liberation army into a government: the challenges of transition and the case of TPLF/EPRDF
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140:. The article properly refers to the person by his given name, Mulugeta, and not as Gebrehiwot Berhe.
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455:"'They Have Destroyed Tigray, Literally': Mulugeta Gebrehiwot speaks from the mountains of Tigray"
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537:"Climate change and pastoralism: traditional coping mechanisms and conflict in Horn of Africa"
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negotiations that led to the 2006 Abuja
Agreement and the 2011 Doha Agreement during
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in 2007. In 2014, he negotiated a research and training cooperation agreement with
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733:"Transcript – Call between Mulugeta Gebrehiwot and Alex de Waal 27 January 2021"
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362:, Mulugeta, telephoning from the mountains in Tigray Region, said that
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Mulugeta advised the chief mediator in peace negotiations for the
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493:"Transition from war to peace: the Ethiopian DDR experience"
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318:. He is a senior fellow and former program director at the
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302:, the second major agreement of the Darfur peace process.
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162:(EPRDF) when the EPRDF was a guerilla army. He led the
659:"Why Ethiopia is in deep trouble, and how it got here"
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in 2002, a master of business administration from the
682:
338:
In
February 2020, Mulugeta argued that by the end of
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This article is about a person whose name includes a
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Mulugeta graduated with a bachelor of arts from the
411:"Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe (Security Arrangements)"
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232:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
160:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
121:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
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296:United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur
214:in 2003, a master of public administration at
186:, Mulugeta, telephoning from the mountains in
298:(UNAMID) in the negotiations that led to the
190:, described the killings of civilians by the
164:disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
150:who as of 2021, was a senior fellow at the
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251:Disarmament and demobilisation commissioner
350:In September 2020, Mulugeta supported the
310:Mulugeta was the founding Director of the
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16:Ethiopian peace researcher and politician
312:Institute for Peace and Security Studies
180:Institute for Peace and Security Studies
688:
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218:in 2005. He obtained his PhD at the
182:in 2007. In January 2021 during the
535:; Butera, Jean-Bosco (2013-04-05).
272:1994 Ethiopian Constituent Assembly
13:
178:. He was founding Director of the
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817:
358:In late January 2021, during the
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372:Ethiopian National Defense Force
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228:Tigray People's Liberation Front
198:(ENDF) as "genocide by decree".
196:Ethiopian National Defense Force
751:from the original on 2021-01-29
706:from the original on 2021-01-29
694:"Ethiopia: Transition to what?"
671:from the original on 2021-01-30
636:from the original on 2021-01-29
624:"Peace Academy, IPSS sign pact"
605:from the original on 2021-01-29
555:from the original on 2021-01-30
511:from the original on 2021-01-29
467:from the original on 2021-01-29
423:from the original on 2021-01-29
796:University of Amsterdam alumni
258:Disarmament and Demobilization
1:
806:Harvard Kennedy School alumni
801:Alumni of the Open University
791:University of Victoria alumni
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352:2020 Tigray regional election
276:1995 Constitution of Ethiopia
201:
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781:Peace and conflict scholars
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729:Gebrehiwot Berhe, Mulugeta
655:Gebrehiwot Berhe, Mulugeta
583:Gebrehiwot Berhe, Mulugeta
533:Gebrehiwot Berhe, Mulugeta
489:Gebrehiwot Berhe, Mulugeta
451:Gebrehiwot Berhe, Mulugeta
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222:in 2018 with his thesis,
208:Amsterdam Business School
144:Mulugeta Gebrehiwot Berhe
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50:
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28:
21:
226:, on the history of the
158:. He was a rebel of the
368:Eritrean Defence Forces
246:Transition to democracy
192:Eritrean Defence Forces
741:World Peace Foundation
595:University of Victoria
501:World Peace Foundation
460:World Peace Foundation
320:World Peace Foundation
282:International mediator
270:He was elected to the
220:University of Victoria
216:Harvard Kennedy School
168:Darfur Peace Agreement
152:World Peace Foundation
58:University of Victoria
364:United Arab Emirates
340:Hailemariam Desalegn
316:Rwanda Peace Academy
292:2006 Abuja Agreement
266:Constituent Assembly
255:Mulugeta headed the
37:Doctor of Philosophy
786:Ethiopian academics
545:University of Texas
300:2011 Doha Agreement
23:Mulugeta Gebrehiwot
326:Research and views
294:. He worked with
274:that drafted the
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378:References
360:Tigray War
344:Abiy Ahmed
260:Commission
184:Tigray War
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75:Occupation
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