588:, the CRTC employed a system of "program categories", specifying how much of a service's weekly programming could be devoted to specific genres and classes of programming. As part of "Let's Talk TV", an initiative to implement reforms of Canada's broadcasting industry, the CRTC announced in 2015 that it planned to phase out the genre protection rules, and "Category A" licensing (which carried must-offer status, and prohibited other specialty channels from directly competing with them) by 2017 for larger conglomerates, and 2018 for independent broadcasters. The CRTC cited new regulations on how television providers must package their services—including a mandate to offer "pick and pay" purchasing of individual channels by December 2016, and a future requirement for vertically-integrated providers to offer a service owned by a third-party for each co-owned service they offer; the Commission felt that these restrictions were "no longer needed to ensure programming diversity between services", as " limited programming services to offering certain types of programming and precluded other services from offering that programming."
227:
networks). During the 1970s, a growing number of
Canadian stations pushed American channels off the systems, forcing several to expand beyond the original 12-channel system configurations. At the same time, the advent of fibre-optic technology enabled companies to extend their systems to nearby towns and villages that by themselves were not viable cable television markets. In 1977-78, regional cable services such Telecable (now Shaw Communications) and Cable Regina (now Access Communications) in
836:. This designation is used sparingly by the CRTC, and is reserved specifically for services that show an "exceptional contribution" to Canada's broadcasting system. Some of these services only have must-carry status in English or French-speaking markets, and can be carried on a discretionary basis in predominantly French or English markets respectively. However, the majority are mandatory nationwide regardless of language. Examples of these services include:
64:; licensing was previously mandatory for all services, and restrictions were placed on their content in order to discourage direct competition in certain categories. The CRTC began to phase out these policies by the 2010s, and in 2012, it began exempting networks with less than 200,000 subscribers, as well as certain ethnic services not broadcasting in Canada's
763:, owner of Family Channel, argued that with the ongoing deregulation of specialty services and the removal the genre protection rules, Family would be at a disadvantage in comparison to other specialty channels because of its inability to air traditional commercial advertising. These changes were officially approved by the CRTC on November 2, 2016.
200:. Initial discussions began with a meeting with the Montreal City Council on June 21, 1949. After many months of negotiation, an agreement was reached between Hydro Quebec and Rediffusion Inc. on February 28, 1950 for an initial five-year period. The Rediffusion cable system began operation in 1952, and eventually supplied 80,000 homes in
748:, a national premium service led by the original owners of Movie Central, in 2007. Movie Central was wound down in 2016, with The Movie Network replacing Movie Central nationwide. Many third-language or "ethnic" services are mostly treated as premium services by cable and satellite operators, and sold separately from mainstream packages.
573:) was specifically licensed to serve as a sports news service (instead of a mainstream, national sports network), and was therefore limited in the amount of live programming it could air. However, following inquiries into the matter, the CRTC announced in 2009 that it would begin to allow leeway in certain broader categories, such as
369:. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission has refused to license American satellite services, but nonetheless hundreds of thousands (up to a million by some estimates) of Canadians access or have accessed American services – usually these services have to be billed to an American address and are paid for in
434:
and U.S. currencies. As the U.S. dollar has been declining as of 2005 versus other international currencies, the decline in DirecTV viewership in Canada may well be related not to a cost difference as much as to the series of smart card swaps which have rendered the first three generations of DirecTV
251:
satellite services in the late 1990s. Telephone companies and cable television providers have since been permitted, in most parts of Canada, to compete to provide services originally provided by the other. Cable television services are not the prime providers of broadband
Internet in Canada, but they
754:
was previously licensed as a pay service, and was commercial-free until
November 1, 2016, but is typically treated as and currently bundled with other specialty channels by television providers. As part of its "Let's Talk TV" initiative, the CRTC proposed that the legal distinction between premium
667:
The commission is also permitted to revoke a foreign channel's status should another channel launch within the same genre. However, the only time the CRTC has unilaterally removed an
American channel from the eligible services list – that is, without the consent of the American broadcaster – was at
244:
division multiplexing via fibre-optic cabling. Digital signaling is a much more modern practice which only began in the early 2000s. Two-way capabilities were introduced, and larger systems were able to use "addressable" descramblers to offer pay television services and different tiers of channels.
238:
Specialty television channels available only on cable began to be established in 1983, and systems continued to expand and upgrade their channel capacity, notably by deploying fibre-optics to carry signals as far as neighbourhoods before converting to coaxial cable for the final run to the customer
927:
station in each language, as well as any local campus, community or native radio stations. The requirement to carry all stations was removed by the CRTC in 2006. At the same time the commission stated that this requirement did not, and would not, force cable companies to provide these stations via
262:
Many systems were originally locally owned, and many large cities had several providers each covering specific sections of a city; sometimes these territories were established by a "gentleman's agreement" between system owners. Hamilton, Ontario, had six different operators. London had two, with a
1089:
Other "discretionary tiers" or packages include other
Canadian specialty or premium services and foreign services, as noted above. The distribution of these services is covered by various regulations, including one that states that a package cannot consist exclusively of foreign services and must
243:
cables as far back as the 1970s does not imply that cable companies were using digital methods to transmit signals as is sometimes assumed by the modern viewer, this is a common misunderstanding. Methods were developed and deployed as far back as the 1970s to transmit analog video using frequency
226:
In time, cable television was widely established to carry available
Canadian stations as well as import American stations, which constituted the vast majority of signals on systems (usually only one or two Canadian stations, while some systems had duplicate or even triplicate coverage of American
266:
A long series of consolidations and acquisitions rapidly brought most major cities' systems under the ownership of a small number of large companies. Some of the largest companies even applied for regulator permission to swap systems in order to consolidate their operations: Shaw sold systems in
607:
In general, foreign channels are permitted provided that they are deemed not to directly compete with
Canadian channels at the time of their introduction. In rejecting a 2003 application proposing the addition of several U.S.-based channels, the CRTC stated that by allowing Canadian channels to
1097:
On March 19, 2015, the CRTC announced new policies on the packaging of television services. Since March 2016, all television services have been required to offer a basic service ("skinny basic") consisting of all local
Canadian broadcast television channels, local legislative and educational
608:
maintain control over these types of programming, they are able to fully access the available advertising and subscription revenues, which would otherwise flow outside the country, in order to fund
Canadian programming. Examples of well-known U.S. channels not permitted in Canada include
294:. Most of these "first-generation" cable companies do not compete with each other, as the CRTC has traditionally licensed only one cable provider per market. Even in markets where more than one distributor has been licensed, each has an exclusive territory within the market.
263:
very convoluted dividing line in the old south neighbourhood; Rogers eventually bought the companies that ran those two systems, merging them, a pattern repeated elsewhere. Even before mergers, companies in the same community collaborated to operate the community channel.
1282:"Broadcasting Order CRTC 2012-689: New exemption order respecting certain programming undertakings that would otherwise be eligible to be operated as Category B services, and amendments to the Exemption order respecting certain third-language television undertakings"
700:
U.S. cable networks are not subject to the same simsub rules as
American broadcast stations. However, unlike the broadcast stations, cable networks must own all applicable programming rights, and may be forced to provide alternate programming if they do not.
558:). Under the standardized conditions of license for discretionary services, their only significant programming restriction are that they may not dedicate more than 10% of their programming per-month to "live professional sports" programming.
1102:, costing a maximum of $ 25 per-month. The tier may optionally include U.S. network affiliates. Since December 1, 2016, all television providers are required to allow subscribers to purchase channels on an individual (a la carte) basis.
392:
Canadian satellite providers continue to be plagued by the unquestionably black market devices which "pirate" or "steal" their signals as well as by a number of otherwise completely lawful devices which can be reprogrammed to receive
219:; as to which city was first to launch such a service is not clear. Initially, the systems brought American stations to viewers in Canada who had no Canadian stations to watch; broadcast television, though begun late in 1952 in
91:
can be authorized for distribution in Canada if they are deemed to not be unduly competitive to Canadian outlets (although their programming may be affected by differing broadcast rights). Affiliates of the U.S.
676:
was removed. This led to a protracted dispute eventually resolved by the sale of a stake in NCN (now CMT Canada) to CMT. Since then, the CRTC has been more lenient on existing eligible channels; Spike and
120:
the right to require that U.S. feeds of programs be substituted by BDUs with their own if they are broadcasting the same program in simulcast. This rule serves to protect Canadian advertising revenue.
459:), which are too sparsely populated to make conventional cable a financially viable operation. The fate of such capacity-limited services, heading into the era of digital television, is uncertain.
652:
is minority-owned by ESPN); nonetheless some Canadians choose to subscribe to these channels via the grey market, as outlined above. Although it is not an approved foreign cable channel,
977:
American broadcast network affiliates. These are carried under a "4 + 1" rule, meaning that a cable company may offer stations affiliated with any four American commercial networks and
539:. Certain types of services are exempt from CRTC licensing, such as channels whose content consist purely of text and graphics without video content, and channels which consist of only
527:—legally known as "programming undertakings"—must be licensed by the CRTC once they exceed 200,000 subscribers, unless they broadcast 90% of their programming in a language other than
733:), have become very successful and very profitable, more so in recent years thanks to the shift towards digital television and the success of original series from sources such as
1146:
1045:, which until 2023 had been affiliated with MyNetworkTV and The CW respectively). The only superstation available to Canadians offering access to MyNetworkTV is currently
1398:"Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2015-96 - Let's Talk TV - A World of Choice - A roadmap to maximize choice for TV viewers and to foster a healthy, dynamic TV market"
1326:"Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2015-96 - Let's Talk TV - A World of Choice - A roadmap to maximize choice for TV viewers and to foster a healthy, dynamic TV market"
1037:, may be granted an exemption to the 4 + 1 rule to improve the marketability of their service (for example, Cogeco Cable systems in Windsor carry Detroit's CW affiliate
1033:
in the fall of 2022), with pay television services. However, cable providers in border markets within the broadcast range of a major American television market, such as
57:
1141:
447:, also known as "wireless cable", or via encrypted low-power transmissions in the NTSC format. This type of distribution is most commonly used in the territories (
259:
their signals for distant (usually American) stations carrying the same television program at the same time. This was to protect the stations' advertising sales.
1126:
88:
689:. Even if a channel is approved, other issues such as programming rights may prevent their carriage, as in the cases of Comedy Central and, until late 2006,
1458:
1244:
826:(B.C.). Satellite providers carry most but not all local stations, and, unlike their U.S. equivalents, out-of-market stations may be carried nationally.
744:, were granted monopoly positions, with each having exclusivity in the eastern and western half of Canada respectively. The two services were joined by
385:
is the source of often heated debate between those who would like greater choice and those who argue that the protection of Canadian firms and Canadian
1131:
1111:
565:" rules, which prohibited all specialty channels from directly competing against other services with a "Category A" license. For example, to protect
709:"Pay television" services were launched in Canada in the early 1980s but were largely unsuccessful in their original form. Many shut down, and two (
1219:
188:
In 1949, the Broadcast Relay Service began negotiations for the implementation of what was to be the first large scale cable television system in
231:
began to emerge, offering access to American networks for the first time, though a third system, CPN, which offered specialty channels such as
1193:
1485:
1116:
444:
42:
1504:
1166:
550:
The CRTC previously used multiple types of licenses, but since November 2016 it has only used two standardized sets of license terms: a
1376:"Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2015-86: Let's Talk TV - The way forward - Creating compelling and diverse Canadian programming"
1548:
1055:, including east and west coast feeds of certain specialty channels, and Canadian/U.S. network affiliates from cities in different
771:
Under CRTC regulations as of March 2016, the lowest tier of service of a digital broadcast distribution undertaking must include:
306:
services began to emerge in some markets as an alternative to digital cable. IPTV service is typically delivered over a private,
423:
Although there are no official statistics, the use of American satellite services in Canada appears to be declining as of 2004.
426:
Some would claim that this is probably due to a combination of increasingly aggressive police enforcement and an unfavourable
840:
788:
255:
During the early 1970s, Canadian television stations obtained regulatory rulings that required cable television operators to
1121:
751:
1553:
745:
519:
83:
Some of the CRTC's policies in regard to multichannel television are intended to protect and encourage the production of
60:(CRTC) and comply with its policies, including those on the packaging of their services. Additionally, the CRTC licenses
877:, which broadcasts parliamentary sessions and committee meetings, along with some political public affairs programming.
669:
1091:
193:
1522:
1268:
1248:
69:
1558:
982:
971:
578:
93:
1001:, although in many markets Fox is carried on a modified dual-status rather than a basic tier. Affiliates of
1136:
1005:
can only be offered on a discretionary tier; generally, they are offered through the packaging of American
536:
65:
1424:
341:, and later in metropolitan Ontario and Quebec, and Manitoba (following its purchase of MTS), under the
112:
networks are also readily available in Canada, but their programming is subject to a CRTC rule known as
1090:
maintain a certain ratio of Canadian to foreign services. Additionally, if the service provider is the
967:
780:
358:
197:
31:
1094:, the service must offer three channels owned by third-parties for each co-owned channel they carry.
799:
326:
270:
Presently, cable is provided to most cities and towns, depending on the region, by companies such as
256:
113:
994:
673:
101:
844:
717:) converted to specialty services as that format became more successful. However, movie-oriented
23:
1482:
72:
languages, from formal licensing. Per its New Media exemption order, the CRTC does not regulate
1501:
1432:
795:
1410:
554:, and services that provide a national news or mainstream sports service (formerly known as a
314:
infrastructure, and offers a similar user experience and features to a digital cable service.
861:
694:
633:
625:
551:
480:
452:
271:
143:
124:
416:, due to Bell TV’s reputation for vastly inferior security compared to its cable rivals and
1071:
829:
A local channel broadcasting the proceedings of the provincial legislature (if one exists).
645:
370:
77:
19:
1049:, which is mainly carried only in a limited capacity in the Atlantic provinces and Quebec.
901:
596:
In addition to these specialty channels, certain foreign channels, most commonly American
166:(which operates mainly in its home province of Quebec, and is owned by local conglomerate
8:
890:
555:
474:
443:
In some areas, an additional option is a form of over-the-air broadcasting, either via a
417:
275:
151:
147:
73:
35:
819:
755:
and specialty services be removed, and replaced by a single, unified category known as
722:
710:
686:
649:
601:
566:
291:
1353:
1339:
1308:
894:
412:) is on public record as demanding conditions be placed on the CRTC license issued to
1397:
1375:
1325:
1064:
1060:
1052:
956:
905:
874:
854:
823:
714:
524:
413:
394:
374:
362:
311:
307:
132:
61:
940:
The basic package described above must be sold at a maximum rate of $ 25 per-month.
1034:
960:
917:
784:
690:
653:
540:
528:
405:
345:
brand. IPTV services have also been launched by smaller regional providers such as
84:
27:
1281:
1508:
1489:
1459:"CRTC rules cable companies must offer pick-and-pay channels, $ 25 basic package"
1081:
service, offering local radio stations, and the national specialty radio service
884:
609:
532:
431:
216:
1342:. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. 2 November 2016.
1082:
776:
718:
678:
318:
248:
211:
Cable television in Canada began in 1952 with community antenna connections in
726:
1542:
1099:
1078:
933:
880:
833:
794:
all local or regional broadcasters, usually including stations/affiliates of
741:
597:
585:
570:
427:
240:
189:
1006:
948:
657:
574:
382:
342:
228:
117:
486:
409:
279:
163:
123:
The majority of Canada's multichannel television industry is dominated by
1030:
682:
636:(however, Canadian broadcasters have since launched licensed versions of
629:
613:
544:
378:
366:
338:
334:
287:
192:. The development of the system relied on reaching an agreement with the
128:
87:, and prevent foreign broadcasters from unduly harming domestic outlets.
401:
325:
was the first provider in Canada to launch an IPTV service, followed by
196:
to utilise their existing network of power poles supplying power to the
150:' cable systems (primarily in Western Canada; the Shaw family also owns
1269:
Communications Monitoring Report 2017: Broadcasting distribution sector
730:
641:
116:(or simsub), which gives Canadian broadcast stations within a viewer's
740:
Crave—then The Movie Network, along with a secondary service known as
48:
Canadian multichannel television providers are legally referred to as
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924:
864:
815:
760:
637:
212:
929:
468:
330:
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eastern Canada to Rogers, buying Rogers systems in western Canada.
201:
167:
159:
1046:
1042:
1026:
1018:
1014:
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on a basic tier. In most markets, the five networks provided are
913:
868:
807:
661:
456:
386:
322:
220:
136:
974:
and information programming, and coverage of other local events.
1022:
1002:
850:
803:
498:
346:
283:
205:
1311:. Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission.
1271:- Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
1245:"CTV.ca | Lawsuit targets grey market satellite dealers"
811:
492:
448:
223:
and Montreal, did not reach a majority of cities until 1954.
155:
76:
or video content delivered over the public internet, such as
1167:"Canada's Effort to Stem Cord-Cutting Has Been an Epic Fail"
1147:
List of television stations in North America by media market
146:' cable systems (primarily in Ontario and Atlantic Canada),
1038:
1010:
617:
303:
139:
58:
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
38:
998:
990:
986:
978:
952:
734:
621:
373:, although many viewers receive American signals through
232:
109:
105:
97:
1142:
List of Canadian stations available in the United States
951:(including Canadian networks, and U.S. services such as
923:
Cable providers are also required to carry at least one
853:
and AMI-télé, which provide accessible programming with
247:
Cable television began to face serious competition from
1368:
1127:
List of foreign television channels available in Canada
1074:, program guides, and real estate/classifieds channels.
586:
airing programming from outside their designated format
681:
have retained their eligibility despite the launch of
1453:
1451:
1449:
154:, a major operator of Canadian specialty channels),
1411:
Letter to the Canadian Cable Television Association
127:companies and their respective services, including
1132:List of United States stations available in Canada
1112:List of television stations in Canada by call sign
814:, and provincial educational broadcasters such as
775:all national CRTC-licensed networks, specifically
1446:
561:All specialty channels were formerly subject to "
1540:
1320:
1318:
656:was also available in Canada until 2007 via the
1520:
1346:
1098:services, and all specialty services that have
947:Common basic cable specialty channels, such as
1340:"Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2016-436"
1309:"Broadcasting Regulatory Policy CRTC 2016-436"
1220:"IPTV's new wave looms over cable's old guard"
1029:, which departed American programming service
943:A higher-tiered basic package typically adds:
252:are a very strong competitor for the service.
1416:
1390:
1315:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1523:"CRTC Application 2012-0197-0 (.zip format)"
1274:
1211:
1188:
1186:
1117:List of Canadian television networks (table)
766:
445:multichannel multipoint distribution service
1332:
1217:
932:receivers, provided they were available as
1354:"Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2008-100"
1296:
321:; Saskatchewan's government-owned telecom
310:network using a phone company's copper or
1183:
435:access cards (F, H and HU) all obsolete.
1483:Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2006-119
462:
1502:Broadcasting Public Notice CRTC 2006-51
352:
1541:
1425:"CRTC to allow ads on pay-TV channels"
1247:. Ctv.ca. Oct 21, 2002. Archived from
1218:Ladurantaye, Steve (March 25, 2013).
1021:(along with independent superstation
841:Aboriginal Peoples Television Network
832:All undertakings that are subject to
721:services, including English-language
513:
1122:List of Canadian television channels
887:stations serving ethnic communities.
1422:
704:
591:
520:List of Canadian specialty channels
178:
50:broadcast distribution undertakings
13:
1194:"What is IPTV? Here's your primer"
438:
14:
1570:
1025:, which left The CW in 2016, and
843:, a broadcaster serving Canada's
333:in Alberta and British Columbia.
1413:, CRTC website, November 7, 2003
194:Quebec Hydro-Electric Commission
56:). They must be licensed by the
1549:Mass media regulation in Canada
1514:
1495:
1476:
1404:
883:, a specialty service relaying
317:IPTV has seen wide adoption in
89:U.S. and international channels
1262:
1237:
1159:
508:
1:
1511:, 19 April 2006; see para. 26
970:, featuring locally-produced
900:The French-language networks
729:(which are both divisions of
34:providers, and various other
1152:
1137:Digital television in Canada
672:, when the American channel
173:
16:Canadian television services
7:
1105:
916:in anglophone markets, and
537:Canadian aboriginal peoples
377:. Whether such activity is
337:has offered IPTV, first in
10:
1575:
1554:Cable television in Canada
1070:"exempt" services such as
893:in anglophone markets and
867:in anglophone markets, or
517:
235:, failed after two years.
198:Montreal metropolitan area
183:
32:direct-broadcast satellite
1100:9(1)(h) must-carry status
802:, and (where applicable)
767:Cable/satellite packaging
357:In Canada, the two legal
329:(MTS) in 2004, and later
327:Manitoba Telecom Services
135:satellite and fibreoptic
114:simultaneous substitution
1059:(such as markets in the
1041:and independent station
936:on the digital service.
920:in francophone markets.
897:in francophone markets.
871:in francophone markets.
361:services available are
297:
80:subscription services.
24:multichannel television
1433:Brunico Communications
1328:. CRTC. 19 March 2015.
1171:The Hollywood Reporter
908:in Anglophone markets.
857:in English and French.
757:Discretionary services
535:, or the languages of
505:Total: 10.526 million
400:Karl PĂ©ladeau, CEO of
1521:Corus Entertainment.
862:radio reading service
781:Ici Radio-Canada Télé
584:To prevent them from
552:discretionary service
463:Subscribers (2017 Q1)
453:Northwest Territories
239:premises. The use of
144:Rogers Communications
125:vertically integrated
22:is served by various
1559:Satellite television
1072:The Shopping Channel
725:and French-language
556:"category C" license
420:-owned Shaw Direct.
353:Satellite television
302:In the early 2000s,
26:services, including
891:The Weather Network
670:New Country Network
389:is more important.
152:Corus Entertainment
148:Shaw Communications
74:internet television
1507:2006-05-04 at the
1492:, 8 September 2006
1488:2007-01-14 at the
1224:The Globe and Mail
1198:The Globe and Mail
1092:owner of a channel
1053:Timeshift channels
855:audio descriptions
525:Specialty channels
514:Specialty channels
395:pirated television
62:specialty channels
1251:on March 22, 2005
1065:Pacific Time Zone
1061:Eastern Time Zone
968:community channel
902:TV5 Québec Canada
824:Knowledge Network
604:, are permitted.
569:, The Score (now
414:Bell Satellite TV
375:pirate decryption
363:Bell Satellite TV
312:fibre to the home
308:Internet Protocol
133:Bell Satellite TV
45:video providers.
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918:CBC News Network
705:Premium services
600:such as CNN and
592:Foreign channels
563:genre protection
406:cable television
179:Cable television
85:Canadian content
28:cable television
1574:
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1569:
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1565:
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1509:Wayback Machine
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1490:Wayback Machine
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885:Omni Television
769:
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594:
522:
516:
511:
501:(0.738 million)
495:(1.070 million)
489:(1.722 million)
483:(1.796 million)
477:(2.507 million)
471:(2.734 million)
465:
441:
439:Other platforms
355:
339:Atlantic Canada
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706:
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679:Comedy Central
668:the launch of
598:cable networks
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1428:
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1370:
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1348:
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1276:
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1249:the original
1239:
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1223:
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1197:
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658:superstation
606:
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549:
545:infomercials
541:teleshopping
523:
504:
442:
430:between the
425:
422:
404:(which owns
399:
391:
383:black market
371:U.S. dollars
356:
343:Bell Fibe TV
316:
301:
269:
265:
261:
254:
246:
237:
229:Saskatchewan
225:
210:
187:
122:
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78:over-the-top
53:
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1031:MyNetworkTV
820:Télé-Québec
727:Super Écran
646:Nickelodeon
630:USA Network
614:Nickelodeon
509:Programming
379:grey market
367:Shaw Direct
335:Bell Canada
288:Cable Axion
241:fibre optic
129:Bell Canada
1543:Categories
1528:2012-04-11
1438:3 November
1360:5 November
1288:23 January
1255:2008-09-06
1203:14 January
1176:2018-01-31
1057:time zones
1009:, such as
895:MétéoMédia
731:Bell Media
660:WTBS (now
418:Shaw Cable
257:substitute
142:services,
70:indigenous
1429:Kidscreen
1229:April 18,
1153:Footnotes
925:CBC Radio
865:AMI-audio
816:TVOntario
761:DHX Media
715:MuchMusic
487:Vidéotron
410:Vidéotron
408:provider
397:signals.
280:Vidéotron
213:Vancouver
174:Platforms
164:Vidéotron
1505:Archived
1486:Archived
1468:19 March
1463:CBC News
1106:See also
934:channels
930:cable FM
648:, while
626:Showtime
469:BCE Inc.
432:Canadian
402:Québecor
292:EastLink
202:Montreal
168:Quebecor
160:Optik TV
66:official
36:wireline
1400:. CRTC.
1382:28 July
1047:WWOR-TV
1043:WKBD-TV
1035:Windsor
1027:WSBK-TV
1019:WPIX-TV
1015:WSBK-TV
914:Ici RDI
869:Canal M
808:CTV Two
719:premium
662:WPCH-TV
543:and/or
529:English
457:Nunavut
387:culture
323:SaskTel
221:Toronto
184:History
137:Fibe TV
1378:. CRTC
1356:. CRTC
1284:. CRTC
1023:WGN-TV
1017:, and
1003:The CW
959:, and
851:AMI-tv
804:Citytv
800:Global
687:Comedy
579:sports
533:French
499:Cogeco
481:Rogers
347:Vmedia
290:, and
284:Cogeco
272:Rogers
217:London
206:Quebec
118:market
108:, and
20:Canada
822:, or
812:Noovo
723:Crave
683:mentv
602:Spike
493:Telus
449:Yukon
331:Telus
156:Telus
1470:2015
1440:2016
1384:2015
1362:2013
1290:2013
1231:2016
1205:2016
1063:and
1039:WMYD
1011:KTLA
997:and
957:Much
906:Unis
904:and
875:CPAC
860:The
839:The
798:and
789:APTN
787:and
713:and
693:and
685:and
644:and
632:and
618:ESPN
577:and
575:news
475:Shaw
455:and
365:and
304:IPTV
298:IPTV
276:Shaw
215:and
162:and
140:IPTV
54:BDUs
43:MMDS
39:IPTV
999:PBS
995:Fox
991:NBC
987:CBS
983:ABC
979:PBS
961:YTV
955:),
953:CNN
796:CTV
785:TVA
735:HBO
711:TSN
695:TCM
691:AMC
674:CMT
664:).
654:TBS
650:TSN
642:HBO
634:TNT
622:HBO
567:TSN
381:or
359:DBS
249:DTH
233:HBO
170:).
131:'s
110:PBS
106:NBC
102:Fox
98:CBS
94:ABC
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