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capital for protection from Mongol and Afghan
Invasion which was later confirmed by Historian Garner Brown. In the process, many died on the road due to hunger and exhaustion as there were not enough resources. Moreover, coins minted in Daulatabad around 1333, showed that Daulatabad was "the second capital".
782:
felt that this step was taken by
Tughluq as he wanted to annex all the inhabited areas of the world for which a treasury was required to pay the army. Barani had also written that the sultan's treasury had been exhausted by his action of giving rewards and gifts in gold. In the rural areas, officials
434:
A broad road was constructed for convenience. Shady trees were planted on both sides of the road; he set up halting stations at an interval of two miles. Provisions for food and water were also made available at the stations but most of the people died during the shifting as the ruler was not able to
826:
There are conflicting views expressed by historians on his religious tolerance. While visitors Ibn
Battuta, Nunez and Firistha mention that Muhammed Bin Tughlaq showed intolerance to other religions, on the contrary, Peter Jackson mentions that Muhammed was the only Sultan who participated in Hindu
503:
In order to get more money for his military expeditions, Tughluq increased the land revenue in the fertile area of Daob to half of the produce. But the due to failure of rain, the peasants were not in position to pay such a heavy revenue. Famine also broke out. Being impractical and not knowing the
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of India. Muhammad bin
Tughlaq himself had spent a number of years as a prince on campaign in the southern states during the reign of his father. Daulatabad was also situated at a central place so the administration of both the north and the south could be possible. These elite colonists from Delhi
512:
While most of the
Medieval historians, including Barani and Ibn Battuta, tend to have implied that Delhi was entirely emptied (as is famously mentioned by Barani that not a dog or cat was left), it is generally believed that this is just an exaggeration. Such exaggerated accounts simply imply that
452:
with separate quarters for different people like soldiers, poets, judges, and nobles Grants were also given by
Tughluq to the immigrants. Even though the citizens migrated, they showed dissent. According to Ibn Batuta's accounts, the reason for the transfer of capital was that Tughluq shifted the
1760:
change of capital to
Daulatabad(1337) proved to be the most important vehicle by which North Indian Muslim ideas and institutions crossed the Narmada. The status of being a tributary to the Sultanate was deeply resented by the local Muslims, culminating in the revolt by Deccani nobles led by Ala
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has also written that he depended on his own judgment and rarely took advice from others and has also criticized him for his giving of excessive gifts and "harsh punishments". He was famous because whenever a gift was bestowed upon him, he would give gifts worth three times the value to show his
817:
Mongols reached the gates in 1328AD. Instead of facing Them, he paid them a huge sum to retreat. But this lead to adverse effects and their invasions became frequent. Unfortunately, his policies tended to go wrong, trust of not only nobles but the trust of Ulemas was also lost. Nobody trusted
517:
suffered a downfall in its stature and trade. Besides, it is believed that only the powerful and nobility suffered hardships if any. Two
Sanskrit inscriptions dated 1327 and 1328 C.E. confirm this view and establish the prosperity of the Hindus of Delhi and its vicinity at that time.
586:
has written that
Tughluq took no step to check the ability of the soldiers or the brand of horses. They were paid in one year advance, and after being kept idle for one year, Tughluq found it difficult to pay them. Therefore, he decided to disperse and dissolve the soldiers in 1329.
504:
practical situation, he ordered the officials to take money from the officials by hook or crook. Many peasants were tortured and punished. Many ran away and died. It was quite late when he realised the practical situation, his help was of no use. Hence, this idea also failed.
877:... a master of style, supremely eloquent in an age of rhetoric, a philosopher trained in Logic and Greek metaphysics, with whom scholars feared to argue, a mathematician and lover of science." Barani has written that Tughluq wanted the traditions of the
797:". This also disrupted trade and commerce. The token currency had inscriptions in Persian and Arabic marking the use of new coins instead of the royal seal and so the citizens could not distinguish between the official and the forged coins.
443:
saint was stationed. A regular postal service was established between Delhi and
Daulatabad. In 1329, his mother also went to Daulatabad, accompanied by the nobles. By around the same year, Tughluq summoned all the slaves, nobles, servants,
2115:
579:. He was ambitious of annexing these kingdoms. He invited nobles and leaders from these regions and gave them grants. At that time many Afghan rulers gained independence and posed a significant threat to the Tughluq empire.
868:
historian Stanley Lane-Poole, apparently courtesans had hailed Tughluq as a "man of knowledge" and had an interest in subjects like philosophy, medicine, mathematics, religion, Persian and Urdu/Hindustani poetry. In his
296:
He was a skilled man but his thoughts were impractical. He was not able to do anything he thought about. Being a skilled man and side by side by side being impractical made peasants call him `The wisest fool of history.`
800:
As a result, the sultan had to withdraw the scheme and he had to pay gold coins in exchange of copper coins from the treasury, suffering heavy loss. Records show that the use of token currency had stopped by 1333 as
1935:
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due to which Tughluq himself became ill, and many of his soldiers died. While he retreated back to Daulatabad, Mabar and Dwarsamudra broke away from Tughluq's control. This was followed by a revolt in
2171:
692:, by initially defeating and later ending Madurai Sultanate that was ruling the city of Madurai and its environs of South India on behalf of Delhi Sultanate. Several other south Indian rulers like
525:
lasted centuries longer than Delhi's own unstable authority over the south. If not for Tughlaq's creation of a Muslim elite at Daulatabad, there would have been no stable Muslim power like the
696:, etc. also contributed to the downfall of the Islamic Sultanate of Delhi. To add to Tughluq's woes, his own generals rebelled against him. One of his generals, an Afghan or Turk Muslim named
1582:
1541:
818:
Tughluq. The prestige of the empire was undetermined. But still Mongols didn't capture the sultanate. Instead of Mongols, Timur attacked the sultanate during the reign of Firoz Shah Tughluq.
317:, ending the Khalji dynasty. He was also known as Prince Fakhr Malik Jauna Khan, Juna Khan or Ulugh Khan. Ghiyas remarked that he was "bound to all Indians by ties of blood and relation."
2107:
754:
writes that different coins of different shapes and sizes were produced by his mints which lacked the artistic perfection of design and finish. In 1330, after his failed expedition to
2085:
381:. In the conquered territories, Tughluq created a new set of revenue officials to assess the financial aspects of the area. Their accounts helped the audit in the office of the
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Tughluq`s idea failed due to the fear of the sultanate's northern borders being exposed to attacks from Mongols and Afghans, in 1327, he decided to shift the capital back to
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paid the revenue in brass and copper coins and also used the same coins to purchase arms and horses. As a result, the value of coins decreased, and, in the words of
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1718:
1485:
2311:
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is an Indian weekly news magazine published in Tamil. It was started by Cho Ramaswamy in 1970 and was named after the emperor (who also serves as its mascot).
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defeated the army of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq which was not able to fight in the hills. Nearly all his 100,000 soldiers perished and were forced to retreat.
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against Taghi, a Turkic slave tribe. It was during his reign that the Sultanate of Delhi collapsed by twofold resistance. One was from Rajputs led by
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Muhammad bin Tughluq was also known for his tolerance for other religions. Several historians mention that the Sultan honored the Jain monk
575:. However, at the time of Tughlaq, both of the dynasties were on the downfall, with conditions in Transoxiana unstable after the death of
865:
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Sayyid Hassan Kaithali...half a dozen Hasans, each distinguished from the other by an epithet indicative either of domicile or of birth
179:
of Muhammad bin Tughluq dated Shawwal 725 AH/September–October 1325. At the very top is an invocation to God, below which is the large
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Tughluq was a strict Muslim, maintaining his five prayers during a day, used to fast in Ramadan. According to 19th century CE
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495:, allowing the citizens to return to their previous city.Till date that is 2024, the capital of India has not been changed.
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Tughlaq is a term still used in contemporary times to tease someone when they do something illogical or counter-intuitive.
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during the year 1328. Peter Jackson mentions that Muhammad was the only Sultan who participated in Hindu festivities.
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1843:
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Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra, Majumdar A.K, Achut Dattatrya Pusalker, Dilip Kumar Ghose, Vishvanath Govind Dighe (1960).
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Although this decision was unpopular among the Muslim elite, one impact of this decision was that Islamic rule in
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to be followed in his kingdom. Even though he did not believe in mysticism, Chandra states that he respected the
895:. Critics have called him hasty in nature, owing to most of his experiments failing due to lack of preparation.
1422:
835:. The envoys were however denied with the statement that only those living in a Muslim territory who paid the
2061:
1761:
al-Din Hasan Bahman Shah in 1347, eventually establishing an independent kingdom called the Bahmani kingdom
925:
845:
had claimed that before his rule, idol-temples had been permitted to be rebuilt contrary to the Sharia.
2194:
1835:
603:
293:, the famous traveler and jurist from Morocco, wrote in his book about his time at the Sultan's court.
44:
2108:"Tughlaq has taught me not to judge people harshly for the choices they have made: Anuja Chandramouli"
172:
1992:
1825:
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2346:
709:
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1415:
The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization)
243:
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227:
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Muhammad bin Tughlaq (1325-1351) is mentioned in Jain texts as showing favour to Jain scholars
1829:
1248:
1146:
1860:
461:
2265:
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997:
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226:. He reigned from February 1325 until his death in 1351. The sultan was the eldest son of
8:
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286:
274:
154:
77:
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2180:
1930:
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987:
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stature. Failing in most of his policies, he was known as the Wisest fool of history.
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saints, which is evident from the fact of his building of the mausoleum of the saint
701:
681:
677:
658:
526:
473:
428:
1510:
Mediaeval Deccan History: Commemoration Volume in Honour of Purshottam Mahadeo Joshi
2172:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3.)
1254:
1106:
Douthwaite, John; Virdis, Daniela Francesca; Zurru, Elisabetta (15 November 2017).
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552:
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270:
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239:
198:
2199:
Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206–1526) – Part One
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provide them with enough food and water for their survival. Tughluq established a
2283:
1656:
1639:
1508:
1021:
refers to a historical area in Central Asia which included the mentioned regions.
953:
873:", "He was perfect in the humanities of his day, a keen student of Persian poetry
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583:
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A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century
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throne upon his father's death in 1324. Muhammad bin Tughluq had an interest in
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909:
790:
751:
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235:
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presented an episode with Muhammad bin Tughluq as a character in its series,
935:
919:
420:
377:, India), and areas up to the modern day southern tip of the Indian state of
325:
2143:
957:
946:(1971) is an Indian satirical film in Tamil based on the play by Ramaswamy.
831:) had sent an embassy to Muhammad for reconstruction of a sacked temple at
828:
669:
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630:
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251:
108:
1606:
448:, sufis to the new capital. The new capital was divided into wards called
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407:
366:
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127:
1358:
The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante.-2d ed
1294:
A History of the Sadarat in Medieval India VOLUME- I (PRE-MUGHALPERIOD)
476:. While on his way to suppress the rebellion, there was an outbreak of
374:
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2039:
673:
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556:
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1018:
879:
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Muhammad Tughlak orders his brass coins to pass for silver, 1330 CE
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Tughluq raised an army of possibly up to 370,000 soldiers in 1329.
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247:
207:
2254:
1658:
The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultanate
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915:
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in 1334, wrote a journal which made no mention of this currency.
755:
590:
In 1333, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq led the Qarachil expedition to the
465:
457:
436:
370:
144:
139:
1990:
1641:
The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Delhi Sultante
1198:. Lahore, Pakistan: Sang-e-Meel Publications. pp. 123–126.
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775:
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2076:"सरकार के छुट्टी रद्द करने के फैसले को अध्यापकों ने बताया गलत"
1335:. New Delhi, India: Har-Anand Publications. pp. 101–102.
1151:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 171.
827:
festivities. Ibn Battuta mentions that the king of China (the
837:
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763:
759:
685:
662:
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619:
492:
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350:
262:
164:
131:
1507:
A. Rā Kulakarṇī; M. A. Nayeem; Teotonio R. De Souza (1996).
1277:
Elliot and Dowson, Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí of Ziauddin Barani,
1053:
Elliot and Dowson, Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí of Ziauddin Barani,
234:. In 1321, the young Muhammad was sent by his father to the
1986:
1984:
884:
849:
771:
636:
572:
568:
440:
402:
In 1327, Tughluq ordered to move his capital from Delhi to
1607:
P.M. Holt, Ann K.S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis (22 May 1977).
1109:
The Stylistics of Landscapes, the Landscapes of Stylistics
1281:. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3), London, Trübner & Co
1057:. The Muhammadan Period (Vol 3), London, Trübner & Co
1981:
852:
authorities attests Muhammad cordial relations with the
614:
and invade China. However, he faced local resistance in
2312:"Regal glorification for Lord Ranganatha at Srirangam"
2165:
Elliot, H. M. (Henry Miers), Sir; John Dowson (1867).
1791:
1779:
1556:
1906:
1894:
1831:
The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History
1467:
1105:
329:
Map of the Delhi Sultanate under Muhammad bin Tughlaq
960:
released in 1972. It was a remake of the Tamil film.
397:
1991:Ashish Rajadhyaksha; Paul Willemen (10 July 2014).
1661:(2nd ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 70.
1644:(2nd ed.). Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 70.
1443:
History Discussion – Discuss Anything About History
1279:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians
1196:
Medieval India (Under Mohammadan Rule A.D 712–1764)
1148:
The Panjab North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir
1055:
The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians
1112:. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 230.
610:wrote that Tughluq originally wanted to cross the
2164:
1858:
1710:
918:play about his life was written by Indian writer
856:and further showing favour to the Jain scholars.
427:, a celebrated general who would later found the
2338:
641:Muhammad Bin Tughlaq died in 1351 on his way to
1714:Bahman Shāh, the Founder of the Bahmani Kingdom
1439:"Biography of Muhammad-Bin-Tughluq (1325–1351)"
1035:
2266:Encyclopædia Britannica – Muhammad ibn Tughluq
2167:"15. Táríkh-i Fíroz Sháhí, of Ziauddin Barani"
1654:
1637:
1073:. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 75.
345:, Muhammad bin Tughlaq ascended the throne of
2042:. Archived from the original on 10 April 2005
1824:
1333:Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals
770:were minted whose value was equal to that of
2185:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1814:. Swan Sonnenschen & Co. pp. 12–15.
1623:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1384:
1370:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
715:
269:. He was also skilled in several languages:
2309:
1739:
1717:. Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay. pp. 59–60.
1417:. Cambridge University Press. p. 293.
1243:
934:-language political satire play written by
439:at each of the stations where at least one
52:depicting the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq
2029:
1474:. Princeton University Press. p. 41.
1193:
460:, led by the North Indian Muslim soldier,
242:. In 1323, the future sultan successfully
1956:
1613:. Cambridge University Press. p. 15.
1610:The Cambridge History of Islam: Volume 2A
1290:
423:to the Deccan. These immigrants included
406:(also known as Devagiri) (in present-day
238:to fight a military campaign against the
1957:Ramanujam, Srinivasa (7 December 2016).
1671:
1355:
841:could be permitted to restore a temple.
735:
727:
719:
637:Death and ensuing collapse of the empire
332:
324:
171:
2193:
1912:
1900:
1862:Historical Dictionary of Medieval India
1797:
1785:
1711:Husaini (Saiyid.), Abdul Qadir (1960).
1574:
1562:
1533:
1412:
1330:
1223:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
1218:
812:
529:to check the rising power of the Hindu
320:
2339:
1997:. Taylor & Francis. p. 1994.
1969:from the original on 13 September 2019
1776:(New Delhi: Kumar Brothers, 1974) p. 1
1678:. Oxford University Press. p. 3.
1387:Muhammad bin Tughlaq: Tale of a Tyrant
1066:
993:Muhammad Bin Tughlaq: Tale of a Tyrant
2215:
1721:from the original on 26 February 2023
1408:
1406:
1360:. Bharativa Vidya Bhavan. p. 86.
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1164:A Textbook of Medieval Indian History
1144:
1138:
903:
197:
118:20 March 1351 (aged 60–61)
21:Muhammad bin Tughluq (disambiguation)
2011:from the original on 1 December 2022
1938:from the original on 5 November 2016
1250:Islam in South Asia: A Short History
1237:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1126:from the original on 8 November 2023
1087:from the original on 8 November 2023
758:, he issued token currency; that is
244:laid siege upon the Kakatiya capital
202:; 1290 – 20 March 1351), also named
2310:Renganathan, L. (26 January 2013).
1449:from the original on 15 August 2016
1161:
1155:
938:(who also played the titular role).
821:
551:, one line of his descendants, the
498:
337:Silver Coin of Muhammad bin Tughlaq
206:as Crown Prince, also known by his
13:
2322:from the original on 22 April 2020
2118:from the original on 11 April 2021
2088:from the original on 11 April 2021
1809:
1803:
1692:from the original on 10 April 2023
1403:
1313:
996:on Tughlaq which was published by
456:In 1334, there was a rebellion in
183:with the ruler's name and titles.
14:
2383:
2235:
2175:. London : Trübner & Co.
2142:
2030:Ramnarayan, Gowri (7 June 2004).
1540:. Luzac and Company. p. 16.
1537:A History of the Deccan: Volume 1
1513:. Popular Prakashan. p. 34.
1180:
1041:
986:Indian historical fiction author
398:Transfer of the capital (1326-27)
305:Muhammad bin Tughluq was born to
2253:
2241:
1879:from the original on 3 July 2023
1865:. Scarecrow Press. p. 101.
1812:A Forgotten Empire (Vijayanagar)
1750:from the original on 7 June 2023
1585:from the original on 7 June 2023
1544:from the original on 10 May 2023
1488:from the original on 7 June 2023
1301:from the original on 7 June 2023
1166:. Primus Books. pp. 91–97.
688:established a new empire called
43:
2303:
2136:
2100:
2068:
2023:
1950:
1918:
1852:
1818:
1766:
1733:
1704:
1665:
1648:
1631:
1600:
1568:
1527:
1500:
1471:The Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700
1461:
1431:
1378:
1349:
1284:
1271:
1011:
69:1 February 1325 – 20 March 1351
2216:Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011).
2150:. Edinburgh University Press.
1468:Richard Maxwell Eaton (2015).
1212:
1099:
1070:Contemporary Indian Dramatists
1060:
1047:
859:
657:of Mewar. and the other from
649:, while he was campaigning in
536:
462:Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan Kaithali
341:After the death of his father
199:[muˈhamːadbɪntʊɡʽlʌkʽ]
1:
2330:– via www.thehindu.com.
1994:Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema
1413:Jackson, Peter (April 1999).
1028:
741:
357:. In his reign, he conquered
300:
101:
2372:14th-century Indian monarchs
1926:"Tughlaq: A historical play"
1655:R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1960).
1638:R. C. Majumdar, ed. (1960).
1385:Chandramouli, Anuja (2019).
1194:Lane-Poole, Stanley (2007).
1004:
740:Gold coin of Ibn Tughluq in
313:after taking control of the
7:
2367:People from Thatta District
2362:14th-century Indian Muslims
2220:. Pearson Education India.
2038:. Kasturi and Sons Ltd for
10:
2388:
2201:. Har-Anand Publications.
1959:"A different brand of wit"
1859:Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008).
1836:Cambridge University Press
732:Forced token currency coin
700:, would go on to form the
602:in India. Historians like
540:
216:The Wisest Fool of History
18:
2290:
2281:
2273:
2084:(in Hindi). 1 June 2015.
2060:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1534:Gribble (29 March 1896).
716:Token currency in 1330 AD
676:following the victory in
507:
261:Muhammad ascended to the
250:. This victory over King
160:
150:
138:
122:
114:
97:
93:
83:
73:
65:
57:
42:
35:
30:
1331:Chandra, Satish (1997).
1145:Douie, James M. (1916).
710:Rebellion of Ismail Mukh
672:liberated the strategic
1389:. Penguin eBury Press.
1219:Canetti, Elias (1984).
1162:Sen, Sailendra (2013).
1067:Tiwari, Shubha (2007).
2277:Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq
2258:Quotations related to
795:as worthless as stones
747:
733:
725:
665:of South India. While
567:conquered present day
563:and another branch of
338:
330:
195:Persian pronunciation:
187:
2112:The Financial Express
739:
731:
723:
618:. Dharm Chand of the
598:region of modern-day
336:
328:
218:, was the eighteenth
175:
2260:Muhammad bin Tughluq
2250:at Wikimedia Commons
2248:Muhammad bin Tughluq
1740:Jamal Malik (2008).
998:Penguin Random House
943:Muhammad bin Tughluq
927:Muhammad bin Tughluq
848:The contemporaneous
813:Mongols at the gates
793:, the coins became "
694:Musunuri Kaapaaneedu
321:Ascending the throne
212:The Eccentric Prince
191:Muhammad bin Tughluq
31:Muhammad bin Tughluq
19:For other uses, see
2148:Islamic Calligraphy
1828:(16 October 2003).
1743:Islam in South Asia
1445:. 13 January 2015.
950:Mohammad Bin Tuglaq
690:Vijayanagara Empire
547:After the death of
543:Qarachil Expedition
531:Vijayanagara Empire
365:, India), Ma'abar (
343:Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
307:Ghiyasuddin Tughluq
155:Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
78:Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
2294:Firuz Shah Tughluq
1931:The Times of India
1774:History of Bijapur
1291:A.D. KHAN (2021).
988:Anuja Chandramouli
956:-language film by
904:In popular culture
843:Firuz Shah Tughlaq
748:
734:
726:
472:, who founded the
419:, who carried the
353:in February, 1325
339:
331:
309:, who founded the
228:Ghiyasudin Tughluq
188:
88:Firoz Shah Tughlaq
2300:
2299:
2291:Succeeded by
2246:Media related to
2032:"Cho, what's up?"
2004:978-1-135-94325-7
1934:. 11 March 2014.
1685:978-0-19-579148-8
1672:Suvorova (2000).
1578:Historical Essays
1520:978-81-7154-579-7
1481:978-1-4008-6815-5
1205:978-969-35-2052-1
1173:978-9-38060-734-4
1119:978-90-272-6460-2
1080:978-81-269-0871-4
930:is a 1968 Indian
893:Nizamuddin Dargah
889:Nizamuddin Auliya
778:coins. Historian
702:Bahmani Sultanate
678:Battle of Singoli
527:Bahmani Sultanate
474:Madurai Sultanate
230:, founder of the
170:
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2274:Preceded by
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2114:. 13 June 2019.
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553:Chagatai Khanate
499:Taxation in Daob
361:(in present-day
256:Kakatiya dynasty
240:Kakatiya dynasty
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1581:. p. 142.
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429:Bahmanid Empire
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392:Jinaprabha Suri
347:Tughlaq dynasty
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315:Delhi Sultanate
311:Tughlaq dynasty
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232:Tughlaq dynasty
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185:Keir Collection
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60:Sultan of Delhi
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2324:. Retrieved
2315:
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2262:at Wikiquote
2217:
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2147:
2137:Bibliography
2133:
2120:. Retrieved
2111:
2102:
2090:. Retrieved
2079:
2070:
2044:. Retrieved
2035:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
1993:
1973:13 September
1971:. Retrieved
1962:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1929:
1920:
1913:Chandra 2004
1908:
1901:Chandra 2004
1896:
1888:
1881:. Retrieved
1861:
1854:
1830:
1820:
1811:
1805:
1798:Chandra 2004
1793:
1786:Chandra 2004
1781:
1773:
1768:
1759:
1752:. Retrieved
1742:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1713:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
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1650:
1640:
1633:
1609:
1602:
1594:
1587:. Retrieved
1577:
1570:
1563:Chandra 2004
1558:
1546:. Retrieved
1536:
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1509:
1502:
1490:. Retrieved
1470:
1463:
1451:. Retrieved
1442:
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1414:
1386:
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1303:. Retrieved
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1220:
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1163:
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1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1108:
1101:
1089:. Retrieved
1069:
1062:
1049:
1037:
1013:
991:
975:
963:
958:B. V. Prasad
952:, an Indian
949:
942:
926:
910:
878:
870:
863:
847:
836:
829:Yuan Emperor
825:
816:
805:who came to
799:
794:
784:
749:
670:Hammir Singh
655:Hammir Singh
640:
589:
581:
549:Genghis Khan
546:
520:
511:
502:
490:
455:
449:
433:
401:
389:
382:
340:
304:
295:
291:Ibnn Battuta
260:
252:Prataparudra
215:
211:
203:
190:
189:
109:Delhi, India
36:
25:
2357:1351 deaths
2352:1300 births
2015:15 February
1245:Jamal Malik
972:Doordarshan
897:Ibn Battuta
860:Personality
803:Ibn Battuta
708:during the
698:Hasan Gangu
625:kingdom of
577:Tarmashirin
565:Hulagu Khan
561:Transoxiana
537:Expeditions
470:North India
425:Hasan Gangu
408:Maharashtra
367:Kayalpatnam
128:Tughlaqabad
105: 1290
74:Predecessor
37:Fakhr Malik
2341:Categories
2288:1325–1351
1424:0521404770
1130:30 October
1091:30 October
1029:References
750:Historian
404:Daulatabad
375:Tamil Nadu
301:Early life
254:ended the
204:Jauna Khan
2316:The Hindu
2181:cite book
2046:25 August
2040:The Hindu
2036:Interview
1963:The Hindu
1883:12 August
1619:cite book
1366:cite book
1017:The term
1005:Footnotes
965:Thughlakk
786:muqaddams
783:like the
680:in 1336,
674:Rajputana
612:Himalayas
557:Turkistan
410:) in the
379:Karnataka
363:Telangana
84:Successor
2320:Archived
2197:(2004).
2146:(2008).
2116:Archived
2092:11 April
2086:Archived
2056:cite web
2009:Archived
1967:Archived
1936:Archived
1877:Archived
1754:19 March
1748:Archived
1725:17 March
1719:Archived
1696:19 March
1690:Archived
1589:19 March
1583:Archived
1548:19 March
1542:Archived
1492:19 March
1486:Archived
1447:Archived
1305:19 March
1299:Archived
1247:(2008).
1124:Archived
1085:Archived
1019:Khurasan
922:in 1968.
880:nubuwwah
756:Devagiri
682:Harihara
659:Harihara
629:clan of
616:Himachal
608:Ferishta
359:Warangal
283:Sanskrit
267:medicine
248:Warangal
208:epithets
161:Religion
2326:12 July
2122:30 June
1675:Masnavi
916:Kannada
911:Tughlaq
866:British
833:Sambhal
704:in the
604:Badauni
466:Kaithal
450:mohalla
437:khanqah
371:Madurai
275:Hindavi
271:Persian
145:Tughlaq
140:Dynasty
2224:
2205:
2154:
2001:
1942:2 June
1869:
1842:
1682:
1517:
1478:
1453:17 May
1421:
1393:
1339:
1261:
1227:
1202:
1170:
1116:
1077:
990:wrote
954:Telugu
875:
776:silver
768:copper
706:Deccan
643:Thatta
631:Kangra
627:Katoch
623:Rajput
596:Kangra
584:Barani
523:Deccan
508:Impact
486:Bengal
369:) and
287:Turkic
279:Arabic
220:Sultan
181:tughra
177:Firman
151:Father
123:Burial
1042:Blair
932:Tamil
854:Jains
838:jizya
807:Delhi
764:brass
760:coins
686:Bukka
663:Bukka
651:Sindh
647:Sindh
620:Hindu
592:Kullu
515:Delhi
493:Delhi
482:Bidar
458:Mabar
446:ulema
415:were
384:wazir
351:Delhi
263:Delhi
224:Delhi
214:, or
165:Islam
132:Delhi
66:Reign
58:18th
2328:2020
2222:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2187:link
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