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Yakutkhan of Surat to send him food supplies. Muazzam asked for permission to pass his ships carrying food which were granted by
Portuguese. The Portuguese sent a lawyer to Muzzam requesting Alam not to retreat from Konkan and keep fighting against Sambhaji, the Portuguese who had lost more than 20 lakh rupees due to war against the Marathas. Still, he was demanding this same amount and 600 horses and the Konkan territory from Banda to Mirjan. However, no such deal took place in reality because the ships carrying food supplies sent to Muazzam did not reach Goa because, different Maratha sea-fort commanders attacked and captured them when they received information about these ships. Only a few ships escaped but they did not carry enough food supplies. Muazzam was ordered to return from Konkan. Muazzam decided to leave Konkan before the onset of the monsoons. On their way back, the Mughal army suffered much (while going through Ramghat) due to the scarcity of food, constant attacks by the Marathas, and disease. When Muazzam crossed the Ramghat, he was left with little cavalry, the Marathas were constantly attacking him from all sides using guerrilla tactics. Mughal sardar
114:
103:
144:
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905:
654:, and other great nobles on this invasion. The invasion lasted from 20 August 1683 to 24 May 1684. There were few incidents of actual fighting. At the end of the campaign, the situation remained the same. Only the main road between Nizampur and Ramghat to Vengurla was destroyed. By this time the crops had been removed. There was no question of looting as there was no other place in Pethe except Sampagava. The dew did not cause much damage to the village even before the invasion.
259:
664:
1. The
Portuguese who were inclined towards the Mughals due to Sambhaji's invasion were annoyed by the plunder of Bardesh by the people of Shah Alam and the destruction of the Mughal armoury caravan and the looting. The viceroy insisted on concluding a pact with Sambhaji. The Mughals lost a friend as
602:
didn't consider himself strong enough to resist such huge numbers and thought of securing safety by a masterly retreat which he affected so cleverly that he retired to his fastness before the
Moghuls could engage him". Sambhaji very quickly and cleverly retreated home before Mughals could attack him.
514:
had devised a strategy of minimising the losses on his side. If there was an opportunity then the
Maratha army attacked decisively, however, if the Mughals were too strong in numbers then the Marathas used to retreat. This proved to be a very effective strategy as Aurangzeb's generals were not able
620:
met
Muazzam and provided him with equipment and force. In April–May 1684, Muazzam stayed at shakes/sheks village near Bijapur, in the month of June he reached the banks of the river Bhima where he had battle against 5000 Maratha soldiers and was injured during battle. The expedition of Konkan by
615:
On 28 December 1683, Muazzam burned down the towns of Kudal and Bande. On 15 January 1684, he burned down
Dicholi, the forces of Muazzam destroyed temples and looted the port of Vengurla. The Mughal forces faced severe food shortages, his soldiers were starving, hence he ordered Khairatkhan and
237:, drought, food poisoning, and a general lack of food. Nearly one third of the total troops were killed by Marathas under Sambhaji at the narrow passage of Ramghat. The remaining few thousand troops including Shah Alam were rescued by the
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would soon conquer the island of Goa. He went to the body of St. Francis Xavier, lying in the Bom Jesus church in old Goa, and placed his sceptre on the dead saint's hand and prayed for his grace to avert the
Maratha threat. When
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2. The Mughal ships suffered heavy losses only for the transportation of grain. Much of the grain supply fell into the hands of
Sambhaji and some sank in the sea. So Shah Alam had to return and there was a famine in Surat.
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2. Seeing the misery of the
Portuguese and considering the struggle of the Mughal emperor, it was in their interest to hold on to Sambhaji. Also, the arson and looting of Sambhaji in the region near Mumbai was stopped.
636:, commander-in-chief of the Maratha army, defeated him in a fierce battle at Patadi. Another division of the Maratha army attacked Shahbuddin Khan at Pachad, inflicting heavy losses on the Mughal army.
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decided to make use of his army against the
Portuguese before the Mughal army could reach South Konkan. Sambhaji stormed the colony taking its forts. On 11 December 1683, Sambhaji's army attacked
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3. Taking advantage of the animosity between the Portuguese and the Arabs, Sambhaji befriended the Arabs, and with the support of the Arabs Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj's navy became stronger.
574:. Sambhaji had 6000 cavalry and 8-10 thousand infantry with him. The Marathas plundered Bardesh and town of Madgaon. The Portuguese successfully defended only Aguada, Reis-Magos, Raitur and
510:
and his generals attacked and defeated the Mughal generals whenever they got an opportunity to lure the Mughal generals into decisive battles in the Maratha stronghold territories.
506:
had prepared well for the invasions and the Maratha forces promptly engaged the numerically larger Mughal army in several small battles using guerrilla warfare tactics. However,
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After having captured Salsette and Bardesh (Bardez) the Marathas were eager to take the island of Goa as well. The viceroy feared that if the things remained unchanged,
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4. The Adilshahi king was persuaded to side with Sambhaji who was able to make a pact with them. Hence an alliance of Adilashahi-Marathas-Qutbshahi was formed.
1259:
333:
1732:
280:
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In summary, the Mughals were defeated, even though they marched with a force of 100,000 and ran hundreds of miles without encountering a real enemy.
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Muazzam was a big failure as the Mughals lost 60,000 soldiers, hundreds of camels, artillery pieces, lakhs of rupees, with virtually no gains.
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894:
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and Shahbuddin Khan. The harsh climate and the Maratha guerrilla strategy forced the numerically strong Mughal army into a slow retreat. The
1737:
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directly from the north and south. He made a pincer attempt to surround the Maratha Capital that led to Mughal invasions of Konkan (1684).
582:, Francois Martin, has described the poor condition of the Portuguese, he said the viceroy was completely dependent on Mughal aid now.
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asked Aurangzeb for immediate assistance. At this same time Aurangzeb devised a grand pincer attempt to attack the Maratha capital at
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didn't want to get trapped between Portuguese and Mughal armies, hence he decided to adopt a defensive strategy. Orleans said that "
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learnt of Muazzam's approach from Ramghat which is just 30 miles from Goa, he withdrew all his forces to Raigad on 2 January 1684.
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forts against the onslaught of the Marathas. All the other forts were captured by the Marathas. The owner of the French factory in
809:
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and the viceroy had information that Mughal prince Muazzam was coming to the aid of Portuguese with a 100,000 strong force.
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tried attacking the Maratha Empire from all directions, intending to use the Mughal numerical superiority to his advantage.
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with a 100,000 strong force. His army consisted of 40,000 horsemen, 60,000 footmen, 1900 elephants and 2000 camels.
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After returning home, Sambhaji had an idea of the huge force of Muazzam, and hence to face the large Mughal army,
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1324:
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capture the Maratha territories for three years continuously. He then decided to attack the Maratha capital
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Renascent Empire?: The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia c.1640-1683
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632:. Maratha commanders successfully defended Raigad. Aurangzeb sent Khan Jehan to help, but
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734:(4th ed.). Kolhapur: Parshva Publications. pp. 384, 385, 399, 400.
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from the North and the South. He sent his general Shahbuddin Khan to attack
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was a part of the Deccan wars. It was a campaign launched by Mughal Emperor
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Chopra, Pran Nath; Ravindran, T. K.; Subrahmanian, N. (13 February 1979).
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784:. Mumbai: Maharashtra State board for literature and culture. p. 96.
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other general, Shahbuddin Khan, directly attacked the Maratha capital,
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760:(6th ed.). Pune: Continental Publications. pp. 288–296.
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Chopra, Pran Nath; Ravindran, T. K.; Subrahmanian, N. (1979).
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The campaign had various political and military consequences.
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In late 1683, Sambhaji thrashed and put pressure on the
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Exact number unknown, estimates indicate ~ 10,000-15,000
831:. Printed at Nagpur Vidyapeeth Mudranalaya. p. 33.
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suffered small losses in this unsuccessful campaign of
804:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 155.
1709:
828:Lectures on Maratha Mughal Relations, 1680-1707
848:. Atlantic Publishers & Distri. p. 3.
547:through North Konkan from his position in the
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665:it was their interest to depend on Sambhaji.
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535:. Goa was almost captured and the viceroy of
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551:. The other Mughal flank was led by Prince
287:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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607:started to increase strength of his army.
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1733:Battles fought by Marathas under Sambhaji
697:"History of South India: Medieval period"
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307:Learn how and when to remove this message
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862:History of South India: Medieval period
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710:Irvine, William (13 February 1971).
529:Portuguese in Goa and Bombay-Bassein
285:adding citations to reliable sources
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241:and Ruhulla Khan and then joined to
1738:Battles involving the Mughal Empire
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44:20 August 1683 – 24 May 1684
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218:. The Mughal forces were led by
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24:Mughal invasion of Konkan (1684)
825:Pagdi, Setumadhava Rao (1966).
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233:Most of the troops died due to
1544:Maratha-Mughal War of 27 years
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650:1. Aurangzeb had sent his son
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782:PORTUGUESE-MARATHA RELATIONS
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1095:Jagjivanrao Pant Pratinidhi
798:Glenn, Joseph Ames (2000).
780:Pissurlencar, P.S. (1983).
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1723:1680s in the Mughal Empire
1090:Shripatrao Pant Pratinidhi
640:Aftermath and consequences
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1753:History of Daman and Diu
1559:Second Anglo-Maratha War
865:. S. Chand. p. 159.
842:Irvine, William (1971).
661:Political consequences:
181:100,000-110,000 soldiers
168:5000 guards of hasan ali
1564:Third Anglo-Maratha War
1554:First Anglo-Maratha War
978:Moropant Trimbak Pingle
756:Gokhale, Kamal (2019).
647:Military consequences:
1070:Ramchandra Pant Amatya
988:Ramchandra Pant Amatya
611:Events in the campaign
95:Commanders and leaders
730:Bendre, V.S. (2013).
186:Casualties and losses
160:40,000-45,000 cavalry
732:Chhatrapati Sambhaji
281:improve this section
16:1684 battle in India
1380:Invasions of Bengal
1200:Maratha Confederacy
909:Maratha Confederacy
1610:Nizam of Hyderabad
1549:Maratha–Mysore War
1227:Patwardhan dynasty
1217:Scindia of Gwalior
758:Shivputra Sambhaji
1743:History of Mumbai
1718:Conflicts in 1684
1705:
1704:
1605:Portuguese Empire
1212:Gaekwad of Baroda
1207:Bhonsle of Nagpur
998:Balaji Vishwanath
983:Moreshvar Pingale
811:978-90-5356-382-3
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1748:History of Vasai
1423:Capture of Delhi
1400:North-west India
1370:2nd Trichinopoly
1360:1st Trichinopoly
1222:Holkar of Indore
1191:Tulsi Bai Holkar
1111:Ahilyabai Holkar
1013:Madhavrao Ballal
993:Bahiroji Pingale
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1028:Sawai Madhavrao
1008:Balaji Baji Rao
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207:to capture the
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164:1,900 elephants
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162:60,000 infantry
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5:
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1758:History of Goa
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1600:British Empire
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1595:Durrani Empire
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1305:Raigarh (1689)
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1181:Umabai Dabhade
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1075:Pralhad Niraji
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712:"Later Mughal"
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652:Bahadur Shah I
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638:
612:
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549:Guzerati subah
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297:November 2023
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276:
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271:
266:This section
264:
260:
255:
254:
246:
244:
240:
236:
231:
229:
228:Mughal Empire
225:
221:
217:
214:
213:Maratha ruler
210:
206:
202:
193:
190:
189:
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177:
176:
171:
159:
157:
156:
151:
138:
132:
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109:
99:
98:
93:
90:
89:Mughal Empire
87:
85:
82:
81:
76:
68:
65:
64:
59:
58:Western Ghats
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1083:
1023:Raghunathrao
960:Pratap Singh
917:Chhatrapatis
861:
854:
845:Later Mughal
844:
837:
827:
820:
800:
781:
757:
731:
705:
690:
677:
674:
671:
667:
663:
660:
656:
649:
646:
643:
623:
618:Bahadur Khan
614:
584:
557:
526:
523:Preparations
498:
422:
398:2nd Shivneri
393:1st Shivneri
303:
294:
279:Please help
267:
232:
224:Maratha army
200:
199:
166:2,000 camels
78:Belligerents
18:
1573:Adversaries
1508:Farrukhabad
1458:Gajendragad
1408:3rd Panipat
1375:Katwa (2nd)
1365:Katwa (1st)
1255:Pavan Khind
1048:Bhat family
1033:Baji Rao II
1018:Narayan Rao
626:Aurangzeb's
541:Raigad Fort
517:Raigad Fort
468:2nd Raigrah
448:Basavapatan
433:1st Raigrah
351:Deccan wars
243:Aurangzeb's
131:Shah Alam I
56:region and
31:Deccan wars
1712:Categories
1671:Sindhudurg
1585:Qutb Shahi
1580:Adil Shahi
1295:Bhupalgarh
1260:Umberkhind
1245:Pratapgarh
1151:Parvatibai
1141:Lakshmibai
1084:hereditary
1062:Pratinidhi
1043:Nana Sahib
1003:Baji Rao I
950:Rajaram II
682:References
403:Bhupalgarh
363:Ahmednagar
249:Background
191:negligible
1641:Pratapgad
1513:Bharatpur
1493:3rd Delhi
1395:2nd Delhi
1176:Soyarabai
1171:Sakvarbai
1156:Putalabai
1121:Gopikabai
1116:Anandibai
1038:Amrut Rao
935:Rajaram I
500:Aurangzeb
483:Wagingera
413:Burhanpur
268:does not
205:Aurangzeb
1666:Shivneri
1646:Purandar
1528:Mahidpur
1523:Koregaon
1473:Chaksana
1428:Pachgaon
1404:Peshawar
1345:Mandsaur
1280:Sinhagad
1275:Purandar
1250:Kolhapur
1186:Baka Bai
1136:Kashibai
1126:Jankibai
955:Shahu II
930:Sambhaji
605:Sambhaji
600:Sambhaji
596:Sambhaji
592:Sambhaji
587:Sambhaji
568:Salsette
564:Sambhaji
560:Sambhaji
512:Sambhaji
508:Sambhaji
504:Sambhaji
383:Sinhagad
378:Purandar
220:Mu'azzam
216:Sambhaji
173:Strength
108:Sambhaji
49:Location
29:Part of
1697:Shivrai
1636:Panhala
1503:Laswari
1453:Savanur
1438:Wadgaon
1433:Saunshi
1413:Alegaon
1385:Burdwan
1335:Palkhed
1325:Raigarh
1300:Bijapur
1237:Battles
1161:Ramabai
1146:Mastani
1131:Jijabai
970:Peshwas
945:Shahu I
940:Tarabai
925:Shivaji
576:Murgaon
553:Muazzam
488:Dodderi
458:Paranda
438:Panhala
289:removed
274:sources
133: (
1728:Konkan
1676:Rajgad
1656:Rajgad
1651:Raigad
1631:Mangad
1615:Mysore
1518:Khadki
1498:Assaye
1483:Kharda
1468:Lalsot
1448:Badami
1390:Narela
1350:Bhopal
1320:Khelna
1315:Satara
1290:Kalyan
1285:Salher
1265:Chakan
1166:Saibai
1060:&
1058:Amatya
808:
630:Raigad
572:Bardez
545:Raigad
473:Sironj
463:Khelna
453:Satara
423:Konkan
418:Ramsej
408:Kalyan
388:Salher
368:Chakan
245:camp.
239:Siddis
235:famine
209:Konkan
66:Result
54:Konkan
1690:Coins
1681:Torna
1624:Forts
1488:Poona
1478:Patan
1443:Adoni
1355:Vasai
1340:Malwa
1330:Torna
1310:Jinji
1270:Surat
1104:Women
580:Surat
558:Both
478:Torna
443:Jinji
373:Surat
1537:Wars
806:ISBN
570:and
272:any
270:cite
41:Date
537:Goa
428:Wai
283:by
136:WIA
1714::
790:^
766:^
740:^
720:^
230:.
1086:)
1082:(
896:e
889:t
882:v
814:.
714:.
699:.
342:e
335:t
328:v
310:)
304:(
299:)
295:(
291:.
277:.
139:)
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