Mueller special counsel investigation

12150:, Justice Manual §§ 9–13.400, 13.410. Some of the information obtained via court process, moreover, was presumptively covered by legal privilege and was screened from investigators by a filter (or "taint") team. Even when individuals testified or agreed to be interviewed, they sometimes provided information that was false or incomplete, leading to some of the false-statements charges described above. And the Office faced practical limits on its ability to access relevant evidence as well-numerous witnesses and subjects lived abroad, and documents were held outside the United States. Further, the Office learned that some of the individuals we interviewed or whose conduct we investigated-including some associated with the Trump Campaign—deleted relevant communications or communicated during the relevant period using applications that feature encryption or that do not provide for long-term retention of data or communications records. In such cases, the Office was not able to corroborate witness statements through comparison to contemporaneous communications or fully question witnesses about statements that appeared inconsistent with other known facts. 11983:, vol. I, p. 4: At the same time that the IRA operation began to focus on supporting candidate Trump in early 2016, the Russian government employed a second form of interference: cyber intrusions (hacking) and releases of hacked materials damaging to the Clinton Campaign. The Russian intelligence service known as the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Army (GRU) carried out these operations. In March 2016, the GRU began hacking the email accounts of Clinton Campaign volunteers and employees, including campaign chairman John Podesta. In April 2016, the GRU hacked into the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC). The GRU stole hundreds of thousands of documents from the compromised email accounts and networks. Around the time that the DNC announced in mid-June 2016 the Russian government's role in hacking its network, the GRU began disseminating stolen materials through the fictitious online personas "DCLeaks" and "Guccifer 2.0." The GRU later released additional materials through the organization WikiLeaks. 45: 3118:, witness tampering, and lying to congress in regard to the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 US election and his involvement with WikiLeaks. In the charging document, prosecutors alleged that, after the first Wikileaks release of hacked DNC emails in July 2016, "a senior Trump Campaign official was directed to contact Stone about any additional releases and what other damaging information had regarding the Clinton Campaign. Stone thereafter told the Trump Campaign about potential future releases of damaging material by ." The indictment also alleged that Stone had discussed Wikileaks releases with multiple senior Trump campaign officials. By the time of those contacts, it had been publicly reported that the DNC emails had been hacked by Russians and provided to Wikileaks. Stone was convicted of all charges in November 2019, after the conclusion of the investigation and his sentence was commuted by Trump. 2603: 3326: 64: 12127:, vol. I, p. 2: In connection with that analysis, we addressed the factual question whether members of the Trump Campaign "coordinat" — a term that appears in the appointment order — with Russian election interference activities. Like collusion, "coordination" does not have a settled definition in federal criminal law. We understood coordination to require an agreement — tacit or express — between the Trump Campaign and the Russian government on election interference. That requires more than the two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests. We applied the term coordination in that sense when stating in the report that the investigation did not establish that the Trump Campaign coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities. 3586:. In addition, investigators felt it would be unfair to accuse Trump of a crime without charges and without a trial in which he could clear his name. Since they had decided "not to make a traditional prosecutorial judgment" on whether to "initiate or decline a prosecution," the special counsel's office "did not draw ultimate conclusions about the President's conduct." The report "does not conclude that the president committed a crime", but specifically did not exonerate Trump on obstruction of justice, because investigators were not confident that Trump was innocent after examining his intent and actions. The report concluded that Congress has the authority to take further action against Trump on the question of obstruction of justice, stating that no one is above the law. 3142:, including five Trump associates and campaign officials. None of those five convictions "involved a conspiracy between the campaign and Russians" and "Mueller did not charge or suggest charges for whether the Trump campaign worked with the Russians to influence the election". The investigation was, however, more complex. On May 29, 2019, in a press conference, Mueller stated that "If we had confidence that the president clearly did not commit a crime, we would have said that. We did not, however, make a determination as to whether the president did commit a crime... A president cannot be charged with a federal crime while he is in office. That is unconstitutional. Even if the charge is kept under seal and hidden from public view – that too is prohibited." 12040:, vol. I, p. 2: In evaluating whether evidence about collective action of multiple individuals constituted a crime, we applied the framework of conspiracy law, not the concept of "collusion." In so doing, the Office recognized that the word "collud" was used in communications with the Acting Attorney General confirming certain aspects of the investigation's scope and that the term has frequently been invoked in public reporting about the investigation. But collusion is not a specific offense or theory of liability found in the United States Code, nor is it a term of art in federal criminal law. For those reasons, the Office's focus in analyzing questions of joint criminal liability was on conspiracy as defined in federal law. 3595:

of obstruction of justice, he said he had been prohibited by Justice Department policy from charging the president with a crime and that any potential wrongdoing by a president must be addressed by a "process other than the criminal justice system". This suggested that the investigation could now be picked up by Congress. He stressed that the central conclusion of his investigation was "that there were multiple, systematic efforts to interfere in our election. That allegation deserves the attention of every American." He also stated: "If we had had confidence that the President clearly did not commit a crime, we would have said so. We did not, however, make a determination as to whether the president did commit a crime".

2045: 3565:", and not the concept of "collusion", because collusion "is not a specific offense or theory of liability found in the United States Code, nor is it a term of art in federal criminal law". They also investigated if members of the Trump campaign "coordinated" with Russia, using the definition of "coordination" as having "an agreement — tacit or express — between the Trump campaign and the Russian government on election interference". Investigators further elaborated that merely having "two parties taking actions that were informed by or responsive to the other's actions or interests" was not enough to establish coordination. 2039: 100: 832: 3674:"Can we state with confidence that the Steele dossier was not part of the Russian disinformation campaign" Barr responded "No. That is one of the areas that I am reviewing. I'm concerned about it. And I don't think it's entirely speculative." When asked about FISA abuses by the DOJ and FBI during his testimony, Barr responded "These are the things I need to look at, and I have to say as I said before, to the extent that there was any overreach, it was a few people in the upper echelons of the (FBI) and perhaps the department, but those people are no longer there", Barr said. 12146:, Vol. 1, p. 10: The investigation did not always yield admissible information or testimony, or a complete picture of the activities undertaken by subjects of the investigation. Some individuals invoked their Fifth Amendment right against compelled self-incrimination and were not, in the Office's judgment, appropriate candidates for grants of immunity. The Office limited its pursuit of other witnesses and information-such as information known to attorneys or individuals claiming to be members of the media-in light of internal Department of Justice policies. See, 3666:. Barr announced that the Department of Justice will be "reviewing the conduct" of the FBI's Russia probe. "I am reviewing the conduct of the investigation and trying to get my arms around all the aspects of the counterintelligence investigation that was conducted during the summer of 2016," Barr said. When asked whether he was suggesting that spying occurred, Barr said, "I think that spying did occur. But the question is whether it was predicated, adequately predicated. And I'm not suggesting it wasn't adequately predicated, but I need to explore that." 3681:, to assist in the investigation. On October 24, 2019, news media reported that Durham had opened a criminal probe into the matter, giving him the power to empanel a grand jury and to compel testimony. On December 1, 2020, the Associated Press reported that Barr had appointed Durham as a Special Counsel under the federal statute governing such appointments to conduct an investigation into "…the investigation of Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller III," by which was meant the FBI personnel who worked on Crossfire Hurricane before joining the Mueller team. 2957:, a former co-chair of the Trump campaign who has testified to Mueller's investigators and grand jury. Because of his prior statements and involvement, many Democrats and some Republicans have asserted that Whitaker's potential conflicts of interest require him to recuse himself from overseeing Mueller, although Whitaker reportedly indicated he had no intention of doing so. Justice Department ethics officials typically review conflicts of interest to recommend recusals, but their findings are not binding and are usually kept confidential. 2917: 2826: 3747: 3042: 2418: 2977:

Special Counsel's approach to potential obstruction of justice by Trump was "fatally misconceived" and that, based on his knowledge, Trump's actions were within his presidential authority. In June 2017, Barr had characterized the obstruction investigation as "asinine" and that it was "taking on the look of an entirely political operation to overthrow the president". Trump stated in a February 2019 interview that he had not committed to releasing the Mueller report.

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that the President committed an obstruction-of-justice offense," and concluding, "while not determinative, the absence of such evidence bears upon the President's intent with respect to obstruction." Some legal analysts challenged Barr's reasoning that Trump would not have intended to obstruct justice solely because he knew he had not committed a crime, noting that one can have intent to obstruct justice for other reasons, such as protecting associates from harm.

3733: 2405:—and also Comey's allegation that Trump had asked him to stop investigating Trump's former national security adviser Michael Flynn. In February 2019, McCabe, since fired from the FBI, confirmed he launched the obstruction of justice investigation for those reasons, and gave additional reasons such as Trump's multiple depictions of the investigation into Trump associates and Russia as a "witch hunt", as well as Trump allegedly telling Deputy Attorney General 3578:

investigation found both public and private actions "by the President that were capable of exerting undue influence over law enforcement investigations, including the Russian-interference and obstruction investigations". However, Trump mostly failed to influence it because his subordinates or associates refused to carry out his instructions. The Mueller team refrained from charging Trump with obstruction because investigators abided by a DOJ

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been done in the past. U.S. Attorneys serve as special counsel, but in May 2017 there were only three Senate-confirmed U.S. Attorneys serving at the time, the Senate having not yet confirmed the new president's nominees, and those three had remained as holdovers from the previous administration pending the arrival of the new attorneys. As a result, Rosenstein decided to select Robert Mueller, though he was retired, because of his reputation.

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Comey's firing caused them to begin investigating whether Trump had been working on behalf of Russia against U.S. interests, knowingly or unknowingly. The FBI merged that counterintelligence investigation with a criminal obstruction of justice investigation related to Comey's firing. Mueller took over that investigation upon his appointment, although it was not immediately clear if he had pursued the counterintelligence angle.

2644:, who said it needed a clause requiring the appointment of a special counsel to investigate allegations against the 2016 Clinton campaign. On March 15, Trump stated "there should be no Mueller Report" because "this was an illegal & conflicted investigation." Five days later he stated, "I told the House, 'If you want, let see it,'" adding, "that's up to the Attorney General." On March 25, 2019, Senate majority leader 2624:, is then required to provide a summary of the findings to Congress, although he has considerable discretion in how much detail he provides. The full release of the Mueller findings to Congress and the public is not assured. Should Congress be dissatisfied with the summary it is provided, it could subpoena Mueller's full report, and, if necessary, sue in federal court. Congress could also call Mueller to testify. 4339:, we would so state. Based on the facts and the applicable legal standards, however, we are unable to reach that judgment. The evidence we obtained about the President's actions and intent presents difficult issues that prevent us from conclusively determining that no criminal conduct occurred. Accordingly, while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him. 3246:, former Trump Deputy Campaign Chairman, was indicted along with Paul Manafort in October 2017 on charges related to their consultation work with pro-Russian political figures in Ukraine. The charges were dropped after he pleaded guilty to conspiracy against the United States for making false statements in the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. 2359:, the rival presidential candidate to Trump from Democratic Party. Since the FBI, in response to this information, opened an investigation into the links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies on July 31, 2016, the meeting between Papadopoulos and Downer is considered to be the 'spark' that led to the Mueller investigation. In February 2018, the 3569:

efforts. However, ultimately "the investigation did not establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities". The evidence was not necessarily complete due to encrypted, deleted, or unsaved communications as well as false, incomplete, or declined testimony.

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Comey arranged to leak to the press classified information, notes from an interview with the president where Trump asked him to end the probe into Michael Flynn. Comey would later be rebuked by the Department of Justice's Office of Inspector General for this action. Trump fired Comey on the recommendations of

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Despite rhetoric that could help to undermine Mueller's investigation, the Nunes memo specifically says that George Papadopoulos sparked the counterintelligence investigation that ultimately led to the resignation of National Security Adviser Michael Flynn, the firing of FBI Director James Comey, and

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During Attorney General Barr's testimony before the Senate Judiciary Committee on May 1, Barr again said he was looking into the origins of the FBI's Russia probe. "Many people seem to assume that the only intelligence collection that occurred was a single confidential informant and a FISA warrant,"

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On May 29, 2019, Mueller announced that he was retiring as special counsel and that the office would be shut down, and he spoke publicly about the report for the first time. Saying "he report is my testimony," he indicated he would have nothing to say that wasn't already in the report. On the subject

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The report writes that the investigation "identified numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", found that Russia "perceived it would benefit from a Trump presidency" and that the 2016 Trump presidential campaign "expected it would benefit electorally" from Russian hacking

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proceedings against Barr on May 8. A law issued in 1857 gives Congress the power to issue criminal charges for this matter. Trump's announcement of executive privilege came just hours before the House Judiciary Committee planned to vote on whether to hold Barr in contempt. On May 8, 2019, after Trump

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Barr's letter quoted Mueller's report as stating, "the evidence does not establish that the President was involved in an underlying crime related to Russian election interference," leading Barr to write, "the evidence developed during the Special Counsel's investigation is not sufficient to establish

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to investigate and prosecute "any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump", as well as "any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation" and any other matters within the scope of 28 CFR 600.4 –

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During his January 2019 confirmation hearings, Barr suggested the investigation's findings could be withheld from the public, as their release is not mandated by law. In June 2018, Barr had sent an unsolicited 19-page memo to deputy attorney general Rod Rosenstein and Trump attorneys arguing that the

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As the Mueller investigation progressed, Trump repeatedly expressed anger over Attorney General Sessions' decision to recuse. In July 2017, Trump said that Sessions should have informed him about Sessions' impending recusal before Trump even nominated him, then Trump would have nominated someone else

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on May 9, 2017. In Congress, in reaction to Comey's firing, over 130 Democratic lawmakers called for a special counsel to be appointed, over 80 Democratic lawmakers called for an independent investigation, while over 40 Republican lawmakers expressed questions or concerns. Complicating the situation,

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Even as Democrats described it as inaccurate, some Republicans quickly cited the memo — released over the objections of the FBI and Justice Department — in their arguments that Mueller's investigation is politically tainted. A closer read presents a far more nuanced picture ... the memo confirms the

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The House Judiciary and Intelligence committees subpoenaed Mueller on June 25, 2019, with a letter saying that "the American public deserves to hear directly from you about your investigation and conclusions." Mueller reluctantly agreed to testify publicly with a scheduled date of July 17. This date

3503:, was released to Congress and the public. About one-eighth of the lines in the public version were redacted. The report was in two volumes, the first about Russian interference in the election and potential involvement of Trump associates, and the second on possible obstruction of justice by Trump. 3471:

issued a subpoena for the release of the full unredacted report. On May 3, 2019, Nadler informed Barr that a subpoena had been issued giving him until May 6 to release the full unredacted Mueller Report to the House Judiciary Committee. On May 6, after Barr failed to meet the committee's deadline to

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On the question of obstruction of justice, Barr said no conclusion was reached by the special counsel, noting that Mueller wrote "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him". Barr and Rosenstein concluded that the evidence for obstruction

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Previously in August 2017, one month prior to joining the Justice Department as Sessions' chief of staff, Whitaker wrote an opinion column for CNN titled "Mueller's investigation of Trump is going too far". He stated that Mueller's investigation is a "lynch mob", that it should be limited and should

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As Rosenstein later informed Congress, he elected to use a Special Counsel rather than have the FBI itself oversee the investigation because he did not believe acting Director of the FBI Andrew McCabe was the right person to lead the investigation. Instead, he would appoint a Special Counsel, as had

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But the memo doesn't just fail to discredit the investigation into the Trump campaign — it actually confirms its validity. The core of the GOP's argument against the Mueller probe has been that it was based on unsubstantiated allegations gathered by a Clinton operative. The memo suggests this might

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has authority to prohibit a President's corrupt use of his authority in order to protect the integrity of the administration of justice. The conclusion that Congress may apply the obstruction laws to the President's corrupt exercise of the powers of office accords with our constitutional system of

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The Russians had also hacked old Republican Party domains and emails, but, according to James Comey, "none of that was released", and there was no sign "that the Trump campaign or the current RNC was successfully hacked". According to the ODNI assessment, the Russians did not release the content in

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reported that members of Mueller's team, who spoke anonymously, reported that the evidence gathered on obstruction of justice was "much more acute than Barr suggested." These members of Mueller's team revealed that they believed that the evidence showed Trump obstructed justice, but that the entire

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Barr said the report would be delivered to Congress by mid-April, with some redactions of any information that would "potentially compromise sources and methods" or "unduly infringe on the personal privacy and reputational interests of peripheral third parties". A two-volume redacted version of the

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reported on January 11, 2019, that FBI counterintelligence grew concerned about Trump's ties to Russia during the 2016 campaign but held off opening an investigation because of uncertainty about how to proceed on such a sensitive matter. Trump's behavior during the days immediately before and after

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released a report on the FBI's use of the FISA process and related matters, concluding that no "political bias or improper motivation influenced the FBI's decision to seek FISA authority on Carter Page," but also found 17 "significant inaccuracies and omissions" in the FBI's four FISA applications

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ruled the Barr DOJ had misled her and Congress by asserting a heavily redacted March 2019 internal memorandum contained only deliberative analysis of whether Trump should be charged with obstruction of justice. Jackson had seen the unredacted memo and concluded it contained "strategic" analysis to

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stated the committee had made multiple criminal referrals of individuals to Mueller and continues to examine witness testimonies for other false statements. The Democrat-controlled House Intelligence Committee voted in February 2019 to refer dozens of witness testimony transcripts and thousands of

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The first method detailed in the final report was the usage of the Internet Research Agency, waging "a social media campaign that favored presidential candidate Donald J. Trump and disparaged presidential candidate Hillary Clinton". The Internet Research Agency also sought to "provoke and amplify

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and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, decided on March 24, 2019, that the evidence was insufficient to establish a finding Trump committed obstruction of justice. Upon his resignation in May 2019, Mueller stated, "The Constitution requires a process other than the criminal justice system to

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By December 2018, the investigation had cost approximately $ 32 million but gained approximately $ 48 million. More than half of the cost of the investigation was for personnel compensation and benefits. The gains were accrued primarily by uncovering unpaid taxes by targets in the investigation,

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On April 3, 2019, the House Judiciary Committee, which did not receive the unredacted report by its April 2 deadline, voted 24–17 along party lines to approve a resolution which authorizes subpoenas of the full report. The resolution also authorized subpoenas related to five of President Donald

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July 31, 2016 The FBI begins investigating possible links between the Russian government and Trump's campaign. The investigation is triggered when Australian authorities contact the agency — realizing that Papadopoulos's May mention of Russian dirt to Downer, the diplomat, was validated by the

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The results, summarised and sent to Washington on August 2 last year, reportedly laid the foundations for what is now special counsel Robert Mueller's investigation. The breakthrough stemmed from a night of heavy drinking Mr Downer had with former Trump campaign aide George Papadopoulos at the

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Mueller's legal team was consistently attacked as biased against President Trump, who once referred to this team as "The 13 Angry Democrats". According to Politifact, while 13 of the 17 team members were indeed Democrats (the rest unaffiliated to either of the two major parties), Mueller is a

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Jason Maloni, spokesman for Paul Manafort, testified under oath for more than two hours on September 15, 2017. Maloni was employed by Manafort following the five months he served as Chairman of Trump's campaign for president in 2016, to answer questions about Manafort's involvement in Trump's

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and Democratic Party organizations. The investigation "identified numerous links between the Russian government and the Trump campaign", and determined that the Trump campaign "expected it would benefit electorally" from Russian hacking efforts. However, ultimately "the investigation did not

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Rosenstein has said he would recuse himself from supervision of Mueller if he himself were to become a subject in the investigation due to his role in the dismissal of Comey. If Rosenstein were to recuse himself, his duties in this matter would have been assumed by the Justice Department's

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The second volume of the report investigated the topic of obstruction of justice, describing ten episodes where Trump may have obstructed justice as president and one episode before he was elected, and analyzing each in terms of the criteria needed to constitute criminal obstruction. The

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The investigation's broad scope allowed Mueller to investigate many topics, including: Russian election interference; links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies; alleged conspiracy between Trump campaign and Russian agents; potential obstruction of justice; financial

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The investigation found no evidence that President Trump or any of his aides coordinated with the Russian government’s 2016 election interference. Though there was insufficient evidence of a criminal conspiracy, members of the campaign were indicted, including national security advisor

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The four-page document released on Friday is at the heart of a firestorm over Donald Trump, Russia and special counsel Robert Mueller. What's in it? ... the memo acknowledges that Papadopoulos, not Page, "triggered the opening of an FBI counterintelligence investigation in late July

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The memo underscores the intensifying partisan debate over special counsel Robert Mueller's probe into the Trump campaign's possible ties to Russia. ... The Papadopoulos information triggered the opening of an FBI counterintelligence investigation in late July 2016 by FBI agent Pete

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Whitaker, a vocal Trump supporter, had publicly criticized the Mueller investigation on several occasions before joining the Justice Department in September 2017, asserting it was "going too far" and referring to it as a "lynch mob". Whitaker is also a personal friend of

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to Congress regarding the special counsel's findings regarding Russian interference and obstruction of justice. Barr said that on the question of Russian interference in the election, Mueller detailed two ways in which Russia attempted to influence the election, firstly

14346: 5091: 1965: 335: 10405: 9518: 3375:, who had recused himself from the investigation. Both Barr and Whitaker had been critical of the Mueller investigation before their appointments. Barr has faced bipartisan pressure to release the full report to the public, to the maximum extent permissible by law. 5799:

I've talked with Director Mueller about this," Rosenstein said. "He's going to make the appropriate decisions, and if anything that I did winds up being relevant to his investigation then, as Director Mueller and I discussed, if there's a need from me to recuse, I

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reported the next day that Bannon had struck a deal with Mueller's team to be interviewed by prosecutors instead of testifying before the grand jury. On February 15, 2018, multiple sources reported that those interviews had taken place over several days that week.

9385: 14165: 13569: 11917: 6587:"The Justice Department cannot take the position that a sitting president can't be indicted, and at the same time withhold evidence of any wrongdoing. That would amount to immunity. We will do what is necessary to make sure Mueller's report is made public" 8702: 4789: 2545:

reported in August 2020 that Rosenstein curtailed a May 2017 FBI inquiry into Trump's personal and financial dealings in Russia, giving the bureau the impression that the special counsel would investigate it, though Rosenstein instructed Mueller not to.

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according to the memo released Friday by House Intelligence Committee Republicans ... Russia investigation itself — and by extension, special counsel Robert Mueller's probe — was launched from ... "information" about Papadapoulos, rather than the

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reported on April 3, 2019, that some members of the special counsel had told associates that they believe Barr's letter did not adequately portray their findings, which they considered to be more troubling for Trump than reported. The next day,

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and Democratic Party organizations. However, Barr quoted the report as saying: "he investigation did not establish that members of the Trump Campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities."

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to withhold the release of information gleaned from internal documents and interviews with White House officials. Commentators have noted that executive privilege cannot be invoked if the purpose is to shield wrongdoing or unlawful conduct.

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calling for the full special counsel report to be released to Congress and the public, excluding classified or grand jury information. The same day the bill was brought before the Senate for unanimous consent, but was blocked by Senator

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establish that members of the Trump campaign conspired or coordinated with the Russian government in its election interference activities". Mueller said the conclusion on Russian interference "deserves the attention of every American".

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Barr stated. "I’d like to find out whether that is in fact true. It strikes me as a fairly anemic effort if that was the counterintelligence effort designed to stop a threat as it's being represented." When asked by Republican Senator

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The Special Counsel indicted 34 people—seven U.S. nationals, 26 Russian nationals, and one Dutch national—and three Russian organizations. Two additional individuals were charged as a result of referrals to other FBI offices.

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opinion. However, the investigation "does not exonerate" Trump, finding public and private actions "by the President that were capable of exerting undue influence over law enforcement investigations". The report states that

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It was a meeting between Downer and Papadopoulos at London bar the Kensington Wine Rooms in May 2016 that has been credited with sparking the FBI investigation into Russia election interference that then led to the Mueller

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Well, if the newly released Nunes memo is correct, House Republicans and the Trump administration just confirmed the Times'scoop ... Ironically enough, the memo in fact confirms the necessity of the Special Counsel Robert

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for attorney general. In May 2018, Trump said that he wished that he had nominated someone other than Sessions for Attorney General. In August 2018, Trump declared that Sessions' job was safe at least until the November

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As special counsel, Mueller had the power to issue subpoenas, hire staff members, request funding, and prosecute federal crimes in connection with the election interference along with other crimes he may uncover. The

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FBI's counterintelligence investigation into the Trump campaign began in July 2016, months before the surveillance warrant was sought, and was "triggered" by information concerning campaign aide George Papadopoulos.

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According to CNN, as of August 2018, the prosecution team included 15 attorneys, led by Mueller. The additional supporting staff brought the number over 30. There were a few reported departures from Mueller's team.

5823: 11907: 7407: 14195: 14185: 14175: 13612: 13597: 13582: 8314:"Jeff Sessions' New Chief Of Staff: Mueller's Russia Probe Could Be A 'Witch Hunt': Matthew Whitaker thinks Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein should "order Mueller to limit the scope of his investigation."" 4779: 11248: 8443: 8257: 14190: 14180: 14170: 13607: 13592: 13577: 7586: 3530:(DNC)". As a result, the GRU obtained hundreds of thousands of hacked documents, and the GRU proceeded by arranging releases of damaging hacked material via the WikiLeaks organization and also GRU's personas " 2421: 5074:

After Papadopoulos told Downer in 2016 that Russia possessed damaging material about then-US presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, Downer told US authorities, helping prompt the investigation led by Robert

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The Justice Department discussed the report with White House attorneys, and Barr discussed it in an April 18, 2019, press conference, a few hours before its release to Congress and the public later that day.

12865: 7209: 5261: 4683: 3180:, who was alleged to have served as the financier for the organization. The US government dropped all charges against Concord Management and Consulting and Concord Catering in March 2020. In November 2019, 12694: 11120: 8181: 5658: 9551: 8547: 7990: 3522:, hacking into email accounts owned by volunteers and employees of the Clinton presidential campaign, including that of campaign chairman John Podesta, and also hacking into "the computer networks of the 14150: 1893: 11030: 10571: 13107: 8481: 1596: 1539: 11339: 11539: 10427: 9321: 5061: 2471:

as special counsel in May 2017 with the mandate "to oversee the previously-confirmed FBI investigation of Russian government efforts to influence the 2016 presidential election and related matters".

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formally accuse a sitting president of wrongdoing." In July 2019, Mueller testified to Congress that a president could be charged with obstruction of justice, or other crimes, after he left office.

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On February 14, 2019, Barr was sworn in as attorney general after the Senate approved his appointment by a 54–45 vote that day, thus gaining oversight of the Mueller investigation from Whitaker.

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Trump's former top advisers, including strategist Steve Bannon, communications director Hope Hicks, chief of staff Reince Priebus, former-White House counsel Donald McGahn and counsel

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other documents to Mueller's office. Committee Republicans had blocked Democrat efforts to release the documents to Mueller's office when Republicans controlled the Committee in 2018.

16509: 15417: 14229: 7186: 6434: 3114:, a long time advisor to Donald Trump, was arrested by the FBI at a pre-dawn raid in Florida. The indictment filed by the Office of the Special Counsel contained 7 charges, including 2217:

On potential obstruction of justice by Trump, the investigation "does not conclude that the President committed a crime", as investigators would not indict a sitting president per an

280: 7925: 2683:, as part of his investigation. The grand jury has the power to subpoena documents, require witnesses to testify under oath, and issue indictments for targets of criminal charges if 16524: 15886: 15144: 15009: 14428: 14262: 14004: 13650: 13051: 10502: 10264: 9648: 6024: 2820: 2028: 1950: 777: 540: 12571: 11609: 9935: 8871: 8745: 8387: 5727: 4819: 1663: 1601: 15188: 14773: 9838: 9085: 1318: 12472: 9185: 4854: 3915: 3435:

report did not explain why they believed their findings to be more serious than Barr's conclusions and it is unknown how many members of the special counsel hold these opinions.

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The Washingtonian grand jury is separate from an earlier Virginian grand jury investigating Michael Flynn; the Flynn case has been absorbed into Mueller's overall investigation.

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reported on November 14, 2018, that Mueller's investigators are examining whether Stone engaged in witness tampering by intimidating Credico into supporting Stone's assertions.

1790: 1785: 1724: 1512: 12967: 12937: 8354: 5104:

This information has been described as the starting point that led to an FBI investigation and then the Mueller probe into Russia's efforts to interfere with the 2016 election.

4992: 4622:, vol. II, p. 8: With respect to whether the President can be found to have obstructed justice by exercising his powers under Article II of the Constitution, we concluded that 2409:

to mention the Russia probe in Rosenstein's memo to recommend firing Comey, and Trump's comments to the Russian ambassador and NBC relating Comey's firing to the Russia probe.

13478:

Letter to Congress from Attorney General William Barr laying out the findings of special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia investigation., March 24, 2019, 28 CFR § 600.9(c)

5922: 5160:

The drinks – Downer and Papadopoulos say they only had one gin and tonic each – were credited with sparking the FBI investigation that eventually led to Mueller's appointment.

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and individuals associated with the Trump campaign. Mueller was mandated to pursue "any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation." The probe included a

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registered Republican, and choosing to hire or not hire career attorneys on the basis of political affiliation is contrary to both Justice Department policy and federal law.

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George Papadopoulos, who famously met Alexander Downer at a London bar in what some have said was a trigger for the Robert Mueller investigation into Trump-Russian collusion

4721: 4230: 2348: 1116: 1096: 51: 44: 12236: 8904: 8090: 5147: 14110: 12832: 11441: 9968: 9454: 7260: 5813: 1507: 550: 247: 8420: 7571: 6793: 16324: 16274: 14766: 14752: 13239: 10165: 9869: 7398: 6143: 3414:, was released to Congress and the public. A less-redacted version is planned to be accessible to "a bipartisan group of leaders from several Congressional committees". 1313: 12704: 10679: 10538: 6311: 5302: 3316:, he pleaded guilty to one count of making a false statement to investigators while answering questions about Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. 2620:

The Special Counsel law requires a special counsel to confidentially provide the current attorney general with a report of findings. The attorney general, in this case

16360: 11238: 11143: 10033: 9741: 8247: 5955: 5364: 3558:, which he, for the purposes of his investigation, determined was not the same as "conspiracy". There had to be "coordination", which implies a conscious "agreement". 2144:. The investigation resulted in charges against 34 individuals and 3 companies, 8 guilty pleas, and a conviction at trial. The report did not reach a conclusion about 12094: 10781: 7375: 5395: 3161:

and Concord Catering with conducting social media campaigns about the U.S. elections. Twelve of the Russian defendants, who were alleged to be members of the Russian

2787:

found Stone's former aide Andrew Miller to be in contempt of court for refusing to testify before the grand jury. Also that day, the Mueller investigation subpoenaed

2378:(see below) as asserted by, among others, Trump, Nunes, Fox News hosts Steve Doocy, Ed Henry, Tucker Carlson, Sean Hannity, and Fox News contributor Andrew McCarthy. 15112: 14986: 14648: 14321: 14073: 12799: 8679: 3367:. Barr, at Trump's nomination, had become attorney general on February 14, 2019, gaining oversight of the investigation from Trump-appointed Acting Attorney General 2281:

had personally ordered an "influence campaign" to harm Clinton's electoral chances and "undermine public faith in the US democratic process". It is alleged that the

1994: 1770: 1463: 1084: 290: 13300: 13148: 12855: 7728: 7629: 5251: 3703:

said "detail evidence of the Trump campaign's efforts to invite, make use of, and cover up Russia's help in the 2016 presidential election." Top officials from the

15817: 15810: 14351: 14341: 14027: 13978: 13528: 12406: 6003:

Mark Moore, Bob Fredericks and Aaron Feis, "James Comey violated FBI rules, set 'dangerous example' by leaking memo: DOJ watchdog", New York Post, August 29, 2019.

5982: 3095:, and a group of Russian hackers referred to as Viktor Netyksho, et al. On March 16, 2020, the US government dropped the charges against Prigozhin-owned companies 2571: 2336: 2117: 2091: 1873: 242: 237: 232: 89: 55: 13412: 11116: 6467: 3511:

The report concluded that Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election did occur "in sweeping and systematic fashion" and "violated U.S. criminal law."

16145: 15941: 15660: 15539: 15174: 15030: 14796: 14602: 14567: 14560: 14553: 11780: 9541: 8224: 8058: 7980: 7021: 6120: 5523: 5227: 3186:

reported that it was "unlikely that any of the Russians will ever face a trial in the United States, but the charges make it harder for them to travel overseas".

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full report was publicly released on April 18, 2019. A less-redacted version of the report will eventually provided to a limited number of members of Congress.

15454: 15447: 15440: 15167: 14595: 14314: 13872: 12302: 11283: 11020: 10561: 6629: 6560: 5457: 3627: 2522: 1190: 1163: 1111: 1106: 1101: 330: 13303: 10231: 6988: 16150: 16058: 11329: 11176: 10713: 10099: 8471: 2251: 1925: 172: 11529: 10423: 9311: 8838: 5051: 16514: 14979: 14891: 14498: 14294: 13538: 10380: 7440: 3306:, was indicted on seven charges of lying to Congress and witness tampering. He pled not guilty. The jury subsequently found him guilty on all seven counts. 2122: 1900: 1227: 1002: 810: 580: 12901: 11813: 10056: 6087: 5856: 4638: 4471: 16406: 16348: 15782: 15498: 14847: 14826: 14336: 13498: 10450: 9805: 8968: 8813: 6047: 5879: 5025: 4959: 4589: 4357: 4266: 3561:

To establish whether a crime was committed by members of the Trump campaign with regard to Russian interference, investigators "applied the framework of

2989: 1133: 970: 345: 187: 14877: 14759: 11706: 10987: 8646: 6896: 6684: 4747: 4128: 4082: 4038: 3938: 3582:(OLC) opinion that a sitting president cannot stand trial, and they feared that charges would affect Trump's governing and possibly preempt a potential 15739: 15623: 14546: 14453: 13171: 11940: 11496: 10939: 10912: 10640: 8537: 8313: 7861: 6851: 2242:

The first public US government assertion of Russian efforts to influence the 2016 election came in a joint statement on September 22, 2016, by Senator

1397: 1254: 1175: 940: 10842: 9772: 8113: 6535: 6242: 5110: 3976: 16484: 16336: 16098: 15789: 15695: 15667: 15410: 15403: 15396: 15382: 15375: 15368: 15361: 15347: 15340: 15333: 15326: 15312: 15305: 15298: 15291: 15016: 14443: 12429: 9584: 9487: 9343: 8768: 4184: 1834: 1293: 1286: 310: 12495: 6750: 5582: 3481:, the House Judiciary Committee voted unanimously to reject White House's assertion of executive privilege and approve a motion put forward by Rep. 16250: 16070: 16034: 15803: 15211: 13312: 12193: 11874: 11673: 10336: 10000: 4507: 4151: 2913:. Sessions resigned as attorney general on November 7, 2018, the day after the midterm elections, writing that he had resigned at Trump's request. 1431: 13262: 11062: 10796: 10736: 9152: 8927: 7496: 7283: 7087: 5416: 5166: 15748: 15512: 15433: 15246: 14854: 11201: 9041:"Order No. 3915-2017: Appointment of Special Counsel to Investigate Russian Interference with the 2016 Presidential Election and Related Matters" 7044: 6169: 4911: 3813: 3341: 1404: 1138: 1091: 13450: 13198: 10954: 10877: 10188: 9902: 5545: 4868: 14639: 14245: 13971: 13491: 11463: 11084: 10287: 9250: 7529: 7463: 7324: 5333: 5207: 4445: 3786: 3337: 2445:

A special counsel investigation is subject to oversight by the attorney general. After questions arose regarding contacts between then-senator

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White House attorneys expect to preview whatever findings Barr decides to provide to Congress and the public, in order to consider asserting

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and the Russian government; "any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation"; and any other matters within the scope of

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Dozens of ongoing investigations originally handled by the Special Counsel's office were forwarded to district and state prosecutors, other

16529: 14944: 14632: 7947: 7915: 1638: 1576: 1502: 955: 555: 207: 13041: 12061: 10254: 9638: 9108: 8861: 8280: 6014: 2602: 63: 14299: 14041: 13944: 12561: 9925: 8735: 8377: 5717: 4811: 3685: 3523: 1868: 782: 767: 182: 119: 14537: 9828: 9081: 8604:"Trump's new acting attorney general, who has publicly railed against Mueller, reportedly will not recuse himself from the Russia probe" 5753: 4843: 3856: 3447:

justify a decision Barr had already made. She ordered the memo to be publicly released within two weeks, pending any appeal by the DOJ.

3404:

of justice could not form the basis for a prosecution. On April 18, Barr and Rosenstein held a press conference ninety minutes before a

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Background to 'Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections': The Analytic Process and Cyber Incident Attribution

3907: 3396: 2301: 2210: 1517: 1446: 975: 12927: 12528: 11641: 10122: 9704: 9671: 8603: 8504: 7751: 7652: 4982: 15796: 14611: 14463: 13477: 12959: 8346: 7250: 7153: 5786: 4553: 3226: 1841: 1069: 1017: 997: 5912: 4335:, vol. II, p. 2: Fourth, if we had confidence after a thorough investigation of the facts that the President clearly did not commit 15519: 15225: 15105: 14935: 14861: 14810: 14685: 14618: 14491: 14448: 14436: 13451:"Joint Statement from the Department Of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence on Election Security" 12325: 12160: 6490: 5615: 4869:"Joint Statement from the Department Of Homeland Security and Office of the Director of National Intelligence on Election Security" 3611: 3583: 2289: 1763: 1653: 1633: 1571: 1497: 1485: 1441: 1143: 1074: 803: 772: 7685: 6717: 6652: 4711: 4220: 3149:(DoJ) branches, and other federal agencies. The following (in alphabetical order) were indicted during the Mueller investigation: 2840:

The investigation involved multiple legal teams: the attorneys that took part in the investigation (supervised by Special Counsel

2783:, the "Manhattan Madam" who had previously worked for Roger Stone, was subpoenaed in June 2018. On August 10, 2018, federal judge 2401:

started the investigation based on Comey's firing—which had been recommended in writing by Rosenstein in what became known as the

2343:. According to reports, Australian officials informed American officials that in May 2016, a Trump presidential campaign adviser, 16449: 15266: 15091: 15023: 14921: 14745: 14731: 14523: 14240: 14125: 13890: 12671: 12269: 12226: 11395: 11372: 11306: 8894: 8080: 5486: 5139: 4915: 4405: 3644: 3313: 3234: 3207: 3192:, who had claimed to be a Russian gun activist, was investigated by the Special Counsel investigators and then prosecuted by the 3007:

investigations; lobbyists; Trump as a subject of investigation; other topics; and the Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal.

2575: 2318: 2175: 1935: 1824: 1819: 1746: 1678: 1673: 1628: 1611: 1566: 1529: 1492: 1480: 1365: 1180: 1044: 1037: 915: 300: 12822: 11849: 11431: 9958: 9444: 7561: 2148:, citing a Justice Department guideline that prohibits the federal indictment of a sitting president. However, Attorney General 15759: 15160: 14692: 14406: 12639: 8410: 6783: 3776: 1977: 1758: 1695: 1414: 1079: 980: 227: 13336: 13231: 10155: 9861: 6135: 2718:, an Iowa radio talk show host who worked on Trump's 2016 Presidential campaign, testified during the week of August 23, 2017. 15718: 15239: 15218: 15077: 14625: 14061: 12291:

Farley, Robert; Robertson, Lori; Gore, D'Angelo; Spencer, Saranac Hale; Fichera, Angelo; McDonald, Jessica (April 19, 2019).

10669: 10528: 9045: 6303: 5292: 4302: 3648: 3494: 3405: 3257: 3215: 2949:

reported that White House aides and other people close to Trump anticipated that Whitaker would "rein in" the investigation.

2607: 2555: 2461: 2156: 2009: 1741: 1451: 1436: 1382: 70: 17: 11152: 10023: 9737: 5945: 5354: 2655:

The special counsel delivered its report to Attorney General Barr on March 22, 2019. Two days later, on March 24, Barr sent

16425: 15962: 15838: 15505: 15255: 15204: 15128: 15044: 14907: 14884: 14250: 12084: 10770: 10489: 9421: 9254: 9014: 7357: 5694: 5385: 3781: 3638: 3287: 2910: 2187: 1945: 1688: 1274: 1155: 1054: 530: 305: 12791: 8669: 3814:"Here's how a grand jury works and why the government shutdown is affecting the grand juries in the Mueller investigation" 2749:

reported on August 25, 2017, that "in recent days" the grand jury subpoenaed witness testimony from the executives of six

16519: 16461: 16437: 16310: 15614: 14484: 13459: 13438: 13306: 13139: 12991: 11743: 9417: 9054: 7718: 7619: 3360: 3049: 2567: 2532:

claimed Rosenstein did not want to write the recommendation to fire Comey, and only did so because Trump ordered him to.

2370:, stated that the information on Papadopoulos "triggered the opening of" the original FBI investigation, rather than the 1846: 1795: 1668: 1606: 1554: 1524: 1247: 1237: 896: 796: 620: 545: 12395: 12139: 12119: 12032: 11975: 5978: 4614: 4327: 4064: 16504: 16494: 16489: 15711: 15598: 15547: 15135: 15098: 14678: 8571:"Warner intensifies call for Whitaker to recuse himself from special counsel probe, citing friendship with key witness" 6457: 3115: 1984: 1753: 1621: 1546: 1345: 930: 222: 11770: 8214: 8047: 7011: 6111: 5515: 615: 15644: 15084: 14078: 13767: 13710: 13679: 13009: 11994: 8505:"Acting Attorney General Whitaker's views on Mueller probe prompt calls for recusal from Democrats and legal experts" 8347:"Matthew Whitaker Takes His Twitter Account Private, After His Tweet About the 'Mueller Lynch Mob' Reveals Conflicts" 5447: 3371:. Whitaker had assumed oversight from Rosenstein on November 7, 2018, after the resignation of then-Attorney General 3302:, a longtime Trump advisor who had met with a Russian person offering to sell derogatory financial information about 3243: 3158: 3096: 3064: 2676: 2262: 2062: 1731: 1269: 417: 162: 12292: 11562:"House Judiciary Committee schedules a Wednesday vote to hold Attorney General William Barr in contempt of Congress" 11272: 7430: 6619: 6550: 152: 15824: 14972: 14840: 14833: 14576: 13349: 10221: 8472:"Matt Whitaker has a close friendship with Sam Clovis, an Iowa politician and witness in the Mueller investigation" 6977: 1473: 1220: 1202: 1128: 11168: 10702: 10089: 5944:

Carlsen, Audrey; Davis, Kenan; Lee, Jasmine C.; Lai, K. K. Rebecca; Fessenden, Ford; Pearce, Adam (May 10, 2017).

5245:

Alexander Downer, sparked the chain of events that led to Robert Mueller's probe into alleged Russian interference

3707:

had testified that they had no empirical evidence of a conspiracy between Trump associates and Russian officials.

2502:

The special counsel appointment on May 17, 2017, came after protests, mostly from Democrats, over President Trump

15584: 15577: 15563: 15063: 13468: 10189:"Trump-Russia investigation: Paul Manafort guilty plea reveals details of foreign influence on campaign chairman" 9143:"Mueller Investigation Cost $ 25 Million So Far, Report Says. It's Pulled in Nearly $ 48 Million from Tax Cheats" 8828: 5202: 4873: 3603:

that a president could be charged with obstruction of justice (or other crimes) after the president left office.

2697:

held on June 9, 2016, at Trump Tower, which was also the location of Trump's presidential campaign headquarters.

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Once Attorney General Sessions recused, oversight of any Russia investigation into the 2016 election fell to the

2332: 1719: 985: 950: 869: 10370: 14420: 12891: 11803: 6077: 5846: 3330: 2924: 2853: 2511: 2431: 2285: 2227: 2145: 1338: 723: 202: 9795: 8802: 6944:"Mueller report documents links between Trump campaign and Russia, steps to thwart probe; finds no conspiracy" 6203:"Rosenstein says, in hindsight, he would not have signed application to surveil former Trump campaign adviser" 5015: 4941: 4712:"Mueller: 'If we had had confidence that the President clearly did not commit a crime, we would have said so'" 4579: 4367: 4256: 16499: 15732: 15630: 15000: 14965: 14130: 10631:"Mueller did not find Trump or his campaign conspired with Russia, also did not exonerate him on obstruction" 8829:"Trump's pick for attorney general warns Mueller's obstruction inquiry 'fatally misconceived' in memo to DOJ" 8636: 6885: 4119:"Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction of Justice" 4118: 4030: 3879: 3527: 2023: 1811: 1387: 1215: 1185: 11506: 10901: 10630: 7853: 15878: 15725: 15555: 14583: 14530: 13996: 13373: 10831: 9764: 9478:"Mueller indicts Roger Stone, says he was coordinating with Trump officials about WikiLeaks' stolen emails" 6524: 4000:"Trump's aides were eager to take Russian dirt on Clinton. But it wasn't a conspiracy, Mueller report said" 3968: 2739: 2055: 1049: 992: 945: 903: 891: 12227:"Trump campaign figures deleted communications before Mueller could see them, potentially altering report" 9574: 9477: 9040: 3643:

There have been numerous calls and requests to open a counter-investigation into the origins of the FBI's

3102:

Following the guilty plea of Michael Cohen for lying to the Senate Intelligence Committee, ranking member

14928: 14662: 14103: 13441: 11738: 10328: 9005: 8703:"Acting attorney general Whitaker has no intention of recusing himself from Russia probe, associates say" 7885:"Rush Limbaugh calls Mueller investigation, its aftermath "A Manufactured Coup" because of 2016 election" 7501: 5685: 3196:. She was imprisoned for conspiracy to act as an unregistered foreign agent after entering a guilty plea. 1559: 963: 884: 595: 575: 13263:"House intel transcripts show top Obama officials had no 'empirical evidence' of Trump-Russia collusion" 11884: 10595:"Mueller Report: Investigation finds no evidence of Russia conspiracy, leaves obstruction question open" 9990: 6335:"Justice Department taps former FBI Director Robert Mueller as special counsel for Russia investigation" 6274:"Rosenstein: If I Knew Then What I Know Now I Would Not Have Signed Warrant Application For Carter Page" 4255:

Ostriker, Rebecca; Puzzanghera, Jim; Finucane, Martin; Datar, Saurabh; Uraizee, Irfan; Garvin, Patrick.

3153:

13 Russians implicated in election interference: Mueller's team indicted thirteen Russian citizens, the

1829: 16305: 15856: 14738: 14507: 13966: 12056: 9142: 7077: 5082:"Former Donald Trump aide George Papadopoulos, who was outed by Alexander Downer asks for prison delay" 3704: 3555: 3359:

On March 22, 2019, the special counsel's office concluded their investigation and sent a report to the

3193: 3176:. The other Russian indicted, who was not a direct employee of Fancy Bear, was Russian business tycoon 2731: 2579: 1370: 1032: 1007: 925: 689:

The Plot to Destroy Democracy: How Putin and His Spies are Undermining America and Dismantling the West

560: 13322: 11052: 10988:"Some Mueller team members say obstruction evidence was more 'acute' than what Barr suggested: report" 9443:

Hennessey, Susan; Jurecic, Quinta; Kahn, Matthew; Sugarman, Lev; Wittes, Benjamin (January 25, 2019).

2205:

campaign supported Trump's presidential candidacy while attacking Clinton's, and Russian intelligence

16110: 15975: 14870: 13424: 13042:"Barr says he "can't state that with confidence" that infamous dossier wasn't Russian disinformation" 10858: 9892: 7854:"Sean Hannity compares Robert Mueller to Joseph Stalin's brutal secret police chief in latest attack" 4674:"As he exits, Mueller suggests only Congress can 'formally accuse a sitting president of wrongdoing'" 3692:

made to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to obtain warrants for the surveillance of Page.

3607: 3016: 1736: 668:

Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President — What We Don't, Can't, and Do Know

610: 16298: 5323: 4435: 3290:

and obstruction of justice; in total, he was sentenced to over seven years in jail in February 2018.

2178:. The Mueller investigation's scope included allegations of "links and/or coordination" between the 15957: 15831: 15591: 15570: 14458: 14412: 14235: 14115: 14046: 13684: 13533: 13460:

James Comey's opening statement preceding the Senate Intelligence Committee hearing on June 8, 2017

11021:"Perspective | Barr is wrong: Obstruction of justice doesn't require another underlying crime" 9765:"Here Are All of the Indictments, Guilty Pleas and Convictions From Robert Mueller's Investigation" 9575:"Here Are All of the Indictments, Guilty Pleas and Convictions From Robert Mueller's Investigation" 8740: 8018: 7756: 5020: 4031:"Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy, but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction" 3969:"Here Are All of the Indictments, Guilty Pleas and Convictions From Robert Mueller's Investigation" 3880:"Mueller Finds No Trump-Russia Conspiracy, but Stops Short of Exonerating President on Obstruction" 3599:

was later pushed back to July 24. During his testimony, Mueller answered Republican Representative

3431:

team could not draw a conclusion because they were split over the evidence and law. The Washington

3154: 3088: 2503: 2497: 2457:

himself from any Justice Department investigations regarding Russian interference in the election.

2386: 2198: 2167: 1851: 1805: 1012: 908: 212: 192: 16003: 12856:"Democrats ditch 'bribery' and Mueller in Trump impeachment articles. But is that the smart play?" 12727: 11674:"House Judiciary Committee votes to hold Barr in contempt after Trump asserts executive privilege" 9280: 7110: 3550:

Mueller used "coordination" and "conspiracy" in a synonymous fashion as he looked for evidence of

16270: 16234: 15865: 15768: 14279: 13720: 12932: 12533: 11775: 9643: 8448: 7657: 7049: 6912:"Mueller report will be delivered by 'mid-April, if not sooner,' attorney general tells Congress" 6657: 5452: 3760: 3579: 3267: 3230: 3019:

of the investigation shows a net benefit for the government, with far more income than expenses.

2381:

The special counsel also took over an FBI investigation on whether President Trump had committed

2218: 1421: 350: 11642:"House Judiciary Committee approves amendment opposing Trump's assertion of executive privilege" 8969:"Senate confirms Trump's attorney general pick William Barr, who will now oversee Mueller probe" 7957: 16279: 16222: 16134: 15702: 14900: 14389: 14382: 14273: 13836: 13793: 13755: 13745: 13350:"Confused by all the news about Russia and the 2016 presidential election? We are here to help" 12051: 11464:"Democrats may hold AG Barr in contempt of Congress. What is that and can it actually be used?" 7587:"Judge holds Roger Stone associate in contempt for refusing to testify in Russia investigation" 4623: 4336: 3615: 3229:

by the incoming Trump administration, was dismissed from his position and later pled guilty to

3199: 3072: 2636: 2382: 2258:, respectively. The US Intelligence Community released a similar statement fifteen days later. 2226:

can decide whether Trump obstructed justice, and has the authority to take action against him.

2223: 2191: 2183: 2170:

was a factor in the decision to use a Special Counsel. The Mueller investigation took over the

2163: 2128: 1298: 920: 879: 874: 752: 696:

The Plot to Hack America: How Putin's Cyberspies and WikiLeaks Tried to Steal the 2016 Election

397: 167: 142: 11085:"Opinion | What Watergate can teach us about Mueller's report and obstruction of justice" 8378:"Jeff Sessions Replaced by Aide Who Said Mueller Should Be Barred From Probing Trump Finances" 3296:, Trump campaign foreign policy adviser, was convicted for making false statements to the FBI. 2969:

for the vacant post of Attorney General. Barr was previously Attorney General under President

16227: 14715: 14699: 13937: 13108:"Attorney General taps top Connecticut federal prosecutor for review of Trump-Russia inquiry" 8248:"Trump's new Acting Attorney General Matthew Whitaker will take over Mueller probe oversight" 5749: 5056: 4436:"Despite Evidence, Robert Mueller Would Not Say Whether Trump Obstructed Justice. Here's Why" 3846: 3146: 2753:

firms, who worked with Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort on lobbying efforts in Ukraine.

2453:

in 2016, one of the first things Sessions did after being appointed attorney general, was to

1683: 1259: 935: 710:

Russian Roulette: The Inside Story of Putin's War on America and the Election of Donald Trump

585: 570: 507: 11151: 6685:"Primer on Executive Privilege and the Executive Branch Approach to Congressional Oversight" 6586: 6391: 2355:, that Russian officials were in possession of politically damaging information relating to 14655: 14401: 14394: 13463: 12434: 12259: 11879: 11646: 10992: 9959:"Michael Flynn Pleads Guilty to Lying to the F.B.I. and Will Cooperate With Russia Inquiry" 9511:"Roger Stone guilty on all counts in federal trial of lying to Congress, witness tampering" 8866: 7534: 6755: 6396: 6243:"Rod Rosenstein defends Mueller appointment, approval of FISA applications in Russia probe" 5421: 5171: 5167:"Alexander Downer interviewed by FBI over Russian interference in US election, report says" 4752: 4156: 3752: 3678: 3473: 2735: 2282: 2179: 2038: 2016: 1999: 1534: 99: 10403:

Roger Stone guilty on all counts in federal trial of lying to Congress, witness tampering.

9082:"Robert Mueller's Russia probe cost nearly $ 32 million in total, Justice Department says" 8444:"What has new Acting Attorney General Matt Whitaker said about the Mueller investigation?" 7143: 5776: 4543: 4472:"Trump failed at obstruction because his aides refused to carry out orders, Mueller finds" 4395: 2402: 703:

Proof of Conspiracy: How Trump's International Collusion is Threatening American Democracy

8: 16432: 15991: 14951: 14476: 14309: 14120: 13902: 13762: 13694: 13365: 13079: 12860: 12599: 12363: 11945: 11912: 11432:"Nadler gives Barr new deadline to comply with list of requests regarding Mueller report" 11025: 10934: 10902:"Some on Mueller's Team See Their Findings as More Damaging for Trump Than Barr Revealed" 10566: 9380: 8773: 8707: 8575: 8186: 7591: 7214: 6916: 6207: 5256: 5252:"Analysis | A (so far) complete timeline of the investigation into Trump and Russia" 4987: 4784: 4678: 3688: 3562: 3478: 3293: 3249: 3084: 3056: 2940: 2694: 2652:

for the Senate to take up the same resolution approved by the House eleven days earlier.

2628: 2563: 2364: 2344: 2328: 2300:

in order to increase political instability in the United States as well as to damage the

1910: 716: 467: 447: 257: 13483: 13073:

Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt; Demirjian, Karoun; Helderman, Rosalind (May 1, 2019).

10562:"What Barr's letter does — and doesn't — tell us about proving conspiracy and collusion" 10057:"Judge fixates on Manafort's relationship with suspected Russian intelligence operative" 9376:"Longtime Trump adviser Roger Stone indicted by special counsel in Russia investigation" 8014:"Trump flashes anger over Sessions recusal, Russia stories in tense Oval Office meeting" 6015:"Robert Mueller, Former F.B.I. Director, Named Special Counsel for Russia Investigation" 831: 16384: 16075: 15946: 15909: 15491: 14361: 14304: 13772: 13414:

Report On The Investigation Into Russian Interference In The 2016 Presidential Election

13353: 12401: 11278: 10907: 10864: 10837: 10776: 10708: 10674: 10375: 10292: 10094: 10028: 9995: 9963: 9709: 9676: 9213: 9147: 8932: 8808: 8674: 8641: 8415: 8053: 7792: 7690: 7362: 7288: 6983: 6891: 6551:"Schiff: Dems willing to have Mueller testify, subpoena report if it's not made public" 6530: 6495: 6429: 6174: 6136:"NYT: Rosenstein secretly curtailed counterintelligence probe into Trump's Russia ties" 6082: 6019: 5950: 5722: 4946: 4849: 4362: 4123: 3884: 3500:

Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election

3443: 3411:

Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election

3309: 3080: 2945: 2888: 2766:

was subpoenaed by Mueller to testify before the standing grand jury in Washington, DC.

2758: 2613:

Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election

2375: 2162:. Former FBI director Mueller was chosen to lead due to a shortage of senate-confirmed 2095: 1915: 1150: 653: 512: 124: 76:

Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election

13435:

Official Website of the United States Department of Justice: Office of Special Counsel

13199:"Inspector General Finds FBI Probe into Trump Campaign Was Justified, But Not Perfect" 12661: 11362: 11298: 7620:"Mueller subpoenas Randy Credico, who Roger Stone says was his WikiLeaks back channel" 6360:"Former FBI Director Robert Mueller named special prosecutor for Russia investigation" 5478: 4904: 2663:

on Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election and obstruction of justice.

758:

Organizations associated with Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections

16210: 16121: 16027: 16018: 15925: 14356: 14206:

Timelines related to Donald Trump and Russian interference in United States elections

13983: 13811: 13472: 11840: 11835: 11206: 10869: 10497: 10297: 9796:"Alleged Russian spy Maria Butina pleads guilty to engaging in conspiracy against US" 9540:

Jansen, Bart; Vanden Brook, ToM; Johnson, Kevin; Cummings, William (March 25, 2019).

9116: 8937: 7920: 7367: 7293: 7219: 6525:"Will the Mueller Report Be Made Public? It's Largely Up to the New Attorney General" 6364: 6212: 4951: 3793:

Timelines related to Donald Trump and Russian interference in United States elections

3283: 3253: 3177: 3092: 2970: 2916: 2591: 1700: 535: 442: 12629: 11610:"House Judiciary votes to hold Barr in contempt for defying Mueller report subpoena" 10829:

Mazzetti, Mark; Haberman, Maggie; Fandos, Nicholas; Benner, Katie (April 17, 2019).

4152:"Trump Jr.: 'Collusion truthers' need to be 'held accountable' after Mueller report" 3518:

The second method of Russian interference saw the Russian intelligence service, the

15970: 14780: 14671: 13932: 13907: 13841: 13406: 12264: 11908:"Through email leaks and propaganda, Russians sought to elect Trump, Mueller finds" 11845: 11571: 11530:"House Judiciary Plans Contempt Vote For Attorney General Barr Over Mueller Report" 11405: 11367: 11211: 9542:"Mueller's investigation is done. Here are the 34 people he indicted along the way" 9050: 8608: 7148: 6078:"F.B.I. Opened Inquiry Into Whether Trump Was Secretly Working on Behalf of Russia" 5781: 4548: 4400: 4261: 3818: 3392: 3368: 3279: 2932: 2920: 2780: 2750: 2709: 2701: 2680: 2352: 2243: 1350: 1323: 660: 639: 378: 13140:"Justice Dept. Is Said to Open Criminal Inquiry Into Its Own Russia Investigation" 11707:"Mueller report recounts 10 episodes involving Trump and questions of obstruction" 11169:"Secret William Barr memo saying not to charge Trump must be released, judge says" 7284:"Adviser to Emirates With Ties to Trump Aides Is Cooperating With Special Counsel" 5880:"Former FBI Director Mueller Appointed As Special Counsel To Oversee Russia Probe" 4748:"Mueller: Trump could be charged with obstruction of justice after leaving office" 4292: 4083:"Mueller report recounts 10 episodes involving Trump and questions of obstruction" 2867:

representing the White House, and a team representing Trump personally, including

2825: 16262: 16255: 16246: 16163: 16039: 15929: 14789: 14377: 13445: 13428: 13378: 13203: 12995: 12732: 12695:"Mueller: If it were clear president committed no crime, "we would have said so"" 12143: 12123: 12036: 11979: 11057: 10832:"White House and Justice Dept. Officials Discussed Mueller Report Before Release" 10409: 10366: 10362: 10061: 9897: 9833: 9579: 8476: 7115: 6618:

Brown, Pamela; Diamond, Jeremy; Liptak, Kevin; Westwood, Sarah (March 18, 2019).

5359: 4618: 4440: 4331: 4297: 4068: 3851: 3738: 3457: 3303: 3182: 3165: 2872: 2833: 2784: 2645: 2356: 2274: 2197:

The investigation concluded in March 2019. The report concluded that the Russian

1328: 492: 12960:"Barr 'reviewing the conduct' of FBI's 2016 probe of Trump team Russia contacts" 11941:"Mueller says Russia's GRU stole Clinton, DNC emails and gave them to WikiLeaks" 10371:"Indicting Roger Stone, Mueller Shows Link Between Trump Campaign and WikiLeaks" 10222:"Paul Manafort pleads guilty and agrees to cooperate with Mueller investigation" 9794:

Polantz, Katelyn; Stracqualursi, Veronica; Cohen, Marshall (December 13, 2018).

9738:"All of Robert Mueller's indictments and plea deals in the Russia investigation" 9407: 9312:"Senate committees scouring testimony for misleading statements in Russia probe" 9240: 9000: 8670:"Matthew Whitaker, a Trump Loyalist, Is Seen as Ascendant Amid Rosenstein Chaos" 5680: 3391:

campaigns by the Internet Research Agency to cause social discord, and secondly

16456: 16412: 16396: 16316: 16186: 16158: 16129: 16115: 16103: 16094: 16046: 15998: 15982: 15151: 14284: 14223: 14088: 13867: 13640: 13635: 13543: 13232:"House Intelligence Committee releases dozens of transcripts from Russia probe" 10451:"Attorney General Barr Faces Bipartisan Pressure To Make Mueller Report Public" 10424:"Russia probe: Lawyer Alex van der Zwaan, oligarch's son-in-law, pleads guilty" 10259: 9310:

Lee, Carol E.; Hunt, Kasie; Dilanian, Ken; Haake, Garrett (November 29, 2018).

9036: 8895:"Attorney General William Barr Swears Oath Of Office After Senate Confirmation" 8538:"Trump Hammered On Acting Attorney General Matt Whitaker By Conservative Group" 8118: 7916:"Pro-Trump group launches new attack ad against special counsel Robert Mueller" 7045:"Special Counsel Robert Mueller Impanels Washington Grand Jury in Russia Probe" 6820: 6165: 5587: 5232: 5143: 4584: 4512: 4189: 3656: 3410: 3384: 3354: 3237: 3211: 3076: 2999: 2995: 2841: 2829: 2684: 2641: 2612: 2518: 2480: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2450: 2406: 2371: 2324: 2293: 2278: 2159: 2098: 1955: 1905: 1392: 763:

People associated with Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections

477: 407: 383: 340: 315: 217: 75: 31: 13313:"A visual guide to the Roger Stone-WikiLeaks side of the Russia investigation" 12988: 11239:"House Judiciary passes resolution to authorize subpoenas full Mueller report" 10329:"Mueller report: Roger Stone met with Russian selling dirt on Hillary Clinton" 6852:"McConnell blocks Schumer effort to call for public release of Mueller report" 3699:

released dozens of transcripts from the Russia probe which committee chairman

16478: 16372: 16365: 16293: 16191: 16063: 16014: 16010: 15953: 15637: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13912: 13788: 13750: 13715: 13402: 13396: 12297: 12136: 12116: 12029: 11972: 11802:

Inskeep, Steve; Detrow, Scott; Johnson, Carrie; Davis, Susan; Greene, David.

10873: 10771:"Barr Goes Beyond Mueller in Clearing Trump on Obstruction, Drawing Scrutiny" 10533: 10358: 10301: 9120: 8941: 8382: 7371: 7297: 7223: 6216: 6112:"Justice Dept. Never Fully Examined Trump's Ties to Russia, Ex-Officials Say" 5851: 5818: 5516:"Fox News has normalized a lie about the origins of the Russia investigation" 5328: 4955: 4611: 4324: 4225: 4059: 3372: 3263: 3222: 3068: 3060: 3045: 2880: 2876: 2788: 2649: 2559: 2529: 2514: 2446: 2434: 2398: 2266: 2141: 2137: 1264: 1121: 702: 688: 674: 472: 457: 452: 437: 427: 422: 412: 373: 368: 114: 15908: 14026: 10024:"Mueller Adds Obstruction Charge on Manafort and Indicts His Right-Hand Man" 5324:"Nunes memo accidentally confirms the legitimacy of the FBI's investigation" 3041: 2269:, which asserted that Russian leadership had favored presidential candidate 16389: 16285: 16022: 15986: 15934: 14056: 13959: 13949: 13831: 13645: 13403:

Full redacted report from the Special Counsel. Volume 2 begins on page 200.

13393:

Full redacted report from the Special Counsel. Volume 2 begins on page 200.

13332: 12496:"Mueller report found Trump directed White House lawyer to 'do crazy s---'" 12430:"Mueller report shows how Trump aides sought to protect him and themselves" 12330: 11330:"House Judiciary Chairman Nadler subpoenas full, unredacted Mueller report" 10665: 10485: 9829:"Maria Butina Was Questioned by Special Counsel Robert Mueller's Team: CNN" 8769:"Barr confirms he shared his Mueller memo with lots of people around Trump" 7821:"Trump's lawyer John Dowd has won high-profile white-collar criminal cases" 7686:"Jerome Corsi, Conspiracy Theorist, Is Subpoenaed in Mueller Investigation" 7210:"Manafort spokesman testifies to Russia grand jury for more than two hours" 6462: 5847:"Rachel Brand will resign from the DOJ. That could be bad news for Mueller" 5390: 5115: 3908:"Mueller finds no conspiracy, but report shows Trump welcomed Russian help" 3535: 3468: 3388: 3364: 3333: 3189: 2966: 2884: 2845: 2798: 2763: 2621: 2558:

for matters related to the campaign due to the recusal of Attorney General

2270: 2230: 2202: 2149: 2087: 846: 646: 502: 487: 432: 402: 392: 10955:"Some Mueller team members say there is evidence Trump obstructed justice" 9445:"'Get Me Roger Stone': What to Make of the 'Dirty Trickster's' Indictment" 7325:"Public relations execs tied to Manafort project get grand jury subpoenas" 6048:"Rosenstein did not want to write memo justifying Comey firing – new book" 5471:

be true of the Carter Page warrant — but not of the broader investigation.

4639:"The key findings from the Justice Department summary of Mueller's report" 16420: 16182: 16087: 14289: 13895: 13862: 13728: 13337:"Secret Money: How Trump Made Millions Selling Condos To Unknown Buyers." 11566: 9412: 9245: 8112:

Micklethwait, John; Talev, Margaret; Jacobs, Jennifer (August 30, 2018).

6582: 5086: 3770: 3700: 3671: 3652: 3379: 3299: 3271: 3135: 3111: 3103: 2868: 2864: 2849: 2725: 2705: 2656: 2506: 2390: 2367: 2247: 2194:

charges against Trump and members of his campaign or his administration.

1960: 681: 482: 462: 285: 11144:"Judge Says Barr Misled on How His Justice Dept. Viewed Trump's Actions" 9926:"Official: Flynn discussed sanctions with Russians before taking office" 7788:"Trump to Add Clinton Impeachment Lawyer Emmet Flood to Replace Ty Cobb" 6620:"White House expects to see Mueller findings before they go to Congress" 5814:"Meet Rachel Brand, who may soon oversee the Trump–Russia investigation" 5016:"Robert Mueller takes over FBI's Russia investigation at pivotal moment" 3939:"All The Criminal Charges To Emerge From Robert Mueller's Investigation" 3732: 2883:. Former members of the defense team include white-collar crimes expert 2123:

Trump associates and their connection to Russian officials and espionage

647:

Collusion: Secret Meetings, Dirty Money, and How Russia Helped Trump Win

16444: 16377: 16353: 16051: 14708: 14326: 14051: 13846: 13689: 12928:"The Counter-Investigations Into the Mueller Report Are About to Begin" 10899:

Fandos, Nicholas; Schmidt, Michael S.; Mazzetti, Mark (April 3, 2019).

9991:"How the Russia Investigation Entangled Rick Gates, a Manafort Protégé" 8734:

Faulders, Katherine; Karl, Jonathan; Turner, Trish (December 7, 2018).

8411:"Matthew Whitaker: An Attack Dog With Ambition Beyond Protecting Trump" 8114:"Trump Says He'll Keep Sessions Until November Despite 'Illegal' Probe" 7985: 6751:"Graham blocks resolution calling for Mueller report to be made public" 4358:"Mueller, in First Comments on Russia Inquiry, Declines to Clear Trump" 3766: 3724: 3519: 3482: 3275: 3218:, and was convicted for several unrelated counts of bank and tax fraud. 3203: 3169: 3162: 3131: 2954: 2939:

not probe into Trump's finances. Whitaker also argued in 2017 that the

2715: 2360: 2297: 1355: 717:

The Threat: How the FBI Protects America In the Age of Terror and Trump

497: 325: 10737:"Mueller investigation finds no Trump campaign conspiracy with Russia" 9672:"13 Russians Indicted as Mueller Reveals Effort to Aid Trump Campaign" 9509:

Hsu, Spencer S.; Weiner, Rachel; Zapotosky, Matt (November 15, 2019).

8736:"Trump announces he'll nominate William Barr as next attorney general" 7282:

Mazzetti, Mark; Kirkpatrick, David D.; Goldman, Adam (March 6, 2018).

6718:"House passes resolution calling for public release of Mueller report" 5583:"The Nunes Memo Undermines the Right's Trump-Russia Conspiracy Theory" 4627:

checks and balances and the principle that no person is above the law.

3472:

release the full report, the committee agreed to hold a vote to start

2594:

of indicting a sitting president remains an unsettled legal question.

16341: 16266: 16141: 14093: 14066: 13954: 12198: 11468: 10741: 10599: 10529:"Read: Attorney general delivers summary of special counsel's report" 9546: 7399:"Trump ex-aide Bannon agrees to Mueller probe interview, avoiding..." 6948: 6886:"Mueller Delivers Report on Russia Investigation to Attorney General" 6339: 5111:"Ex-Trump adviser takes aim at Alexander Downer after Mueller report" 3662:

On April 9, 2019, Attorney General William Barr testified before the

3033:

Criminal charges brought in the Mueller special counsel investigation

2965:

On December 7, 2018, President Trump declared that he would nominate

2808: 2004: 1658: 387: 262: 12821:

Cheney, Kyle; Caygle, Heather; Bresnahan, John (December 10, 2019).

12595:"The 10 Trump actions Mueller spotlighted for potential obstruction" 12359:"Mueller report lays out obstruction evidence against the president" 12194:"Mueller says messaging apps likely destroyed Trump-Russia evidence" 10670:"Read Attorney General William Barr's Summary of the Mueller Report" 9608:"Robert Mueller breaks silence to insist he did not exonerate Trump" 9476:

Polantz, Katelyn; Murray, Sara; Shortell, David (January 25, 2019).

8928:"How Every Senator Voted on Barr's Confirmation as Attorney General" 8637:"Trump Installs a Critic of the Mueller Investigation to Oversee It" 5140:"Robert Mueller's report on Trump-Russia probe may name Australians" 3718: 2467:, a Trump appointee. As part of his oversight, Rosenstein appointed 16239: 14892:

Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials

13418: 13340: 13014: 12827: 12699: 12634: 12529:"Mueller leaves door open to charging Trump after he leaves office" 12500: 12231: 12165: 12089: 11678: 11614: 11501: 11436: 11334: 11273:"House Democrat Demands Six Years of Trump Tax Returns From I.R.S." 11243: 11089: 10930:"'Complete and total exoneration'? Team Mueller: Nope, not so much" 10593:

Johnson, Kevin; Jansen, Bart; Phillips, Kristine (March 24, 2019).

10193: 10127: 9930: 9862:"All Evidence Points to Campaign Finance Crimes By President Trump" 9348: 9316: 9107:

McCarthy, Tom; Swaine, Jon; York, Jon Swaine New (March 23, 2019).

8701:

Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt; Dawsey, Josh (November 8, 2018).

8542: 8409:

Goldman, Adam; Shear, Michael D.; Smith, Mitch (November 9, 2018).

8318: 8252: 8219: 8180:

Barrett, Devlin; Zapotosky, Matt; Dawsey, Josh (November 7, 2018).

8153: 7825: 7752:"Special counsel's Russia investigation team loses 2nd FBI veteran" 7468: 7329: 7181: 6856: 5653: 5555: 4643: 4578:

Dennis, Steven; Strohm, Chris; McLaughlin, David (April 18, 2019).

4476: 3600: 2803: 2791:, whom Stone had described as his "backchannel" to Julian Assange. 2746: 2712:

meeting, testified under oath for several hours on August 11, 2017.

1232: 682:

Hoax: Donald Trump, Fox News, and the Dangerous Distortion of Truth

605: 14230:

Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections

13072: 12790:

Cheney, Kyle; Desiderio, Andrew; Bresnahan, John (July 12, 2019).

12463:"Trump barely disrupted Russia investigation, Mueller report says" 11906:

Harris, Shane; Nakashima, Ellen; Timberg, Craig (April 18, 2019).

11053:"Did Trump Obstruct Justice? Here's What Former Prosecutors Think" 9176:"What we know about special counsel Mueller's Russia probe so far" 8081:"Trump wishes he hadn't picked Jeff Sessions for attorney general" 8045:

Baker, Peter; Schmidt, Michael; Haberman, Maggie (July 19, 2017).

7177:"Top Trump campaign aide Clovis spoke to Mueller team, grand jury" 7012:"Justice Dept. to release two versions of redacted Mueller report" 6491:"Can the President Be Indicted? A Long-Hidden Legal Memo Says Yes" 5386:"What is the Devin Nunes memo about and how does it affect Trump?" 4983:"DNI Report: High Confidence Russia Interfered With U.S. Election" 4780:"Key lawmakers accuse Russia of campaign to disrupt U.S. election" 2728:, a former foreign-policy adviser to Trump's presidential campaign 2237: 654:

Compromised: Counterintelligence and the Threat of Donald J. Trump

281:

Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections

14429:

Cyberwar: How Russian Hackers and Trolls Helped Elect a President

14098: 12566: 11497:"Nadler delivers ultimatum to Barr before holding AG in contempt" 11202:"House Judiciary Committee approves subpoenas for Mueller report" 10629:

Herb, Jeremy; Jarrett, Laura; Polantz, Katelyn (March 24, 2019).

10255:"Manafort's Second Sentencing Pushes Prison Total to 7 1/2 Years" 10156:"Paul Manafort's work for Ukraine fit neatly with Putin's agenda" 9539: 9449: 9344:"House Intelligence Committee votes to send documents to Mueller" 9209:"Russians Bought Bank Accounts From California Man, Mueller Says" 9010: 7952: 7402: 6689: 6591: 6304:"READ: Rosenstein's opening statement before Judiciary Committee" 5690: 5550: 4219:

Mackey, Robert; Risen, James; Aaronson, Trevor (April 18, 2019).

3531: 2821:

Legal teams involved in the Mueller special counsel investigation

2767: 2438: 2261:

In January 2017, an assessment was released by the Office of the

541:

Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election

177: 16438:

2020 election obstruction efforts and Trump classified materials

13361:"Inside the secretive nerve center of the Mueller investigation" 5979:"James Comey hoped leak would lead to special counsel on Russia" 5911:

Parks, Miles; Farrington, Dana; Taylor, Jessica (May 15, 2017).

4508:"Mueller's Signal on Obstruction: Congress Should Take On Trump" 3256:

at the behest of Manafort; Kilimnik is suspected of working for

2574:, including exploring any links or coordination between Trump's 16215: 13172:""Barr Appoints Special Counsel in Russia Probe Investigation"" 10797:"Mueller Leaves Obstruction Question to Barr, Who Clears Trump" 3139: 2811:

would release damaging information about the Clinton campaign.

2479:. So long as no successor fills that office, Solicitor General 2454: 2206: 13434: 11748: 11363:"Democrats subpoena Mueller report amid calls for impeachment" 10288:"F.B.I. Raids Office of Trump's Longtime Lawyer Michael Cohen" 6978:"Mueller Report Will Be Released Thursday, Justice Dept. Says" 5417:"Memo: Papadopoulos info triggered FBI's Russia investigation" 3697:

United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

2554:

Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein, in his role as Acting

2341:

links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies

27:

U.S. investigation into Russian interference in U.S. elections

13136: 12396:"Mueller Rejects View That Presidents Can't Obstruct Justice" 12085:"Mueller refutes Trump's 'no collusion, no obstruction' line" 11299:"House Judiciary panel approves subpoenas for Mueller report" 9639:"After Mueller: The Ongoing Investigations Surrounding Trump" 7653:"Mueller Probes Possible Witness Intimidation by Roger Stone" 7464:"Steve Bannon met with Mueller multiple times over past week" 7323:

Dilanian, Ken; Lee, Carol E.; Winter, Tom (August 25, 2017).

5777:"Special counsel Mueller's investigation seems to be growing" 5546:"Former Trump campaign members on contact with Mueller probe" 4221:"Annotating special counsel Robert Mueller's redacted report" 2693:

The grand jury has issued subpoenas to those involved in the

743:

Controversies of the 2016 United States presidential election

12761:"Mueller agrees to testify before 2 House panels next month" 12326:"11 moments Mueller investigated for obstruction of justice" 12260:"AP Fact Check: Trump, Barr distort Mueller report findings" 10828: 10123:"What did ex-Trump aide Paul Manafort really do in Ukraine?" 10121:

Abou-Sabe, Kenzi; Winter, Tom; Tucker, Max (June 27, 2017).

9442: 8569:

Hamburger, Tom; Helderman, Rosalind S. (November 15, 2018).

8215:"Rod Rosenstein is no longer in charge of the Mueller probe" 8048:"Citing Recusal, Trump Says He Wouldn't Have Hired Sessions" 7562:"Manhattan Madam Kristin Davis Subpoenaed by Robert Mueller" 7144:"Source: Grand jury hears from lobbyist in Trump Tower chat" 6784:"Why Trump suddenly says public should see Mueller's report" 6170:"Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel" 5479:"Trump claims memo 'totally vindicates' him in Russia probe" 4254: 4112: 4110: 2848:

in his personal capacity; and the team that represented the

2483:

would assume the authorities of Associate Attorney General.

12892:"Barr's investigation into origins of Russia probe expands" 12467: 12076: 11711: 11400: 10959: 9180: 8973: 8509: 6837: 6458:"The Only Way to Find Out If the President Can Be Indicted" 5775:

Gurman, Sadie; Tucker, Eric; Horwitz, Jeff (June 3, 2017).

5052:"George Papadopoulos spreading disinformation to Australia" 4942:"Inside a 3-Year Russian Campaign to Influence U.S. Voters" 4087: 3252:, Manafort's business partner in Ukraine, was indicted for 2486: 14506: 12290: 11396:"Democrats threaten contempt for Barr over Mueller report" 7281: 6617: 16510:

Aftermath of the 2016 United States presidential election

16256:

1992 Bush administration search of Clinton passport files

13513: 13469:

Litigation Documents Related to the Mueller Investigation

13326: 13046: 12896: 12823:"Why Democrats sidelined Mueller in impeachment articles" 12666: 11999: 11808: 11804:"Redacted Mueller Report Released; Congress, Trump React" 11534: 10703:"Mueller Report Live Updates: No Trump-Russia Conspiracy" 10635: 10455: 10226: 10160: 9800: 9793: 9705:"U.S. Indicts 12 Russian Agents in 2016 Election Hacking" 9482: 9281:"US drops election meddling case against Russia entities" 8899: 8833: 8285: 8085: 7723: 7651:

Holliday, Shelby; Viswanatha, Aruna (November 14, 2018).

7624: 7566: 7435: 7255: 7082: 7016: 6788: 6722: 6624: 6555: 6425:"A Constitutional Puzzle: Can the President Be Indicted?" 5946:"How Every Lawmaker Has Reacted to Comey's Firing So Far" 5917: 5884: 5752:(Press release). US Department of Justice. May 17, 2017. 5620: 5297: 4716: 4107: 3845:

Wolfe, Amelia Thomson-DeVeaux and Julia (March 7, 2019).

3789:, a proposed law that sought to protect the investigation 3450: 3417: 2776: 2771: 2734:, Lebanese-American businessman who unofficially advises 2394: 2171: 16525: