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494:: "e are done with this life in the mountains—done with wading in beaver dams, and freezing or starving alternately—done with Indian trading and Indian fighting. The fur trade is dead in the Rocky Mountains, and it is no place for us now if ever it was." At the same time the great push west along the newly opened Oregon Trail built up from a trickle of settlers in 1841 to a steady stream in 1844–46 and then became a flood as the highly organized Mormon migration exploited the road to the
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big fur companies originally to serve the mule train based inland fur trade. By the time two new international treaties in early 1846 and early 1848 officially settled new western coastal territories on the United States and spurred a large upsurge in migration, the days of mountain men making a good living by fur trapping had largely ended. The fur industry was failing because of over-trapping. Fortuitously, America's ongoing
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34:
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557:, allows people to recreate aspects of this historical period. Today's Rocky Mountain Rendezvous and other reenacted events are both history-oriented and social occasions. Some modern men choose a lifestyle similar to that of historical mountain men. They may live and roam in the mountains of the West or in the swamps of the southern United States.
777:(1774 or 1775–1810) was a hunter, interpreter, and sign-talker on the Lewis and Clark Expedition, often considered one of Lewis' two most appreciated members (with John Colter). Born to a French Canadian father and a Shawnee mother in Detroit, Drouillard proved to be the most skillful hunter on the expedition, notably during the harsh wintering in
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A fur trapper was a mountain man who, in today's terms, would be called a free agent. He was independent and traded his pelts to whoever would pay him the best price. That contrasts with a "company man", typically indebted to one fur company for the cost of his gear, who traded only with that company
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By the time the fur trade began to collapse in the 1840s, motivating them to change jobs, the trails they had explored and turned into reliable mule trails and improved gradually into wagon-capable freight roads combined to allow them to work as guides and scouts. As the fur trade declined, mountain
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This halted
American expansion into the region. After 1825, few American trappers worked west of the Rocky Mountains, and those who did generally found it unprofitable. According to historian Richard Mackie, this policy of the HBC forced American trappers to remain in the Rocky Mountains, which gave
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In order to stay alive, the men needed keen senses and knowledge of herbal remedies and first aid, among other skills. In summer, they could catch fish, build shelter, and hunt for food and skins. The mountain men dressed in suits made of deer skin that had stiffened after being left outdoors for a
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Mountain men were instrumental in opening up the various emigrant trails (widened into wagon roads) allowing
Americans in the east to settle the new territories of the far west by organized wagon trains traveling over roads explored and in many cases, physically improved by the mountain men and the
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By 1841, the
American Fur Company and the Rocky Mountain Fur Company were in ruins. By 1846, only some 50 American trappers still worked in the Snake River country, compared to 500 to 600 in 1826. Soon after the strategic victory by the HBC, the Snake River route was used by emigrants as the Oregon
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Expedition was transformed into a trading enterprise. Beginning in 1834, it visited the
American rendezvous to buy furs at low prices. The HBC was able to offer manufactured trade goods at prices far below that with which American fur companies could compete. The last rendezvous was held in 1840,
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where they flourished economically for over three decades. By the time two new international treaties in early 1846 and early 1848 officially settled new western coastal territories in the United States and spurred a large upsurge in migration, the days of mountain men making a good living by fur
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The life of a mountain man was rugged, and many did not last more than several years in the wilderness. They faced many hazards, especially when exploring unmapped areas: biting insects and other wildlife, bad weather, diseases of all kinds, injuries, and the opposition of
Indigenous people,
937:(1798–1845) was a fur trapper, pioneer, and mountain man who, with his brothers after 1823, became an agent of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company (and later one of its owners), exploiting the riches of the Oregon Country, which helped settle the best routes later improved into the Oregon Trail.
416:. This trade attracted numerous French Americans from Louisiana and some French Canadian trappers, in addition to Anglo-Americans. Some New Mexican residents also pursued the beaver trade, as Mexican citizens initially had some legal advantages. Trappers and traders in the
110:
Skinning, marksmanship, self-defense, hunting, fur trapping, trading, canoeing, horsemanship, tracking, exploring, mental and physical toughness, wilderness survival skills, medicine, frontier doctoring, diplomacy, English, French, Spanish, Russian, and Native
American
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covered territory that was generally inaccessible to the large fur companies. It included parts of New Mexico, Nevada, California and central and southern Utah. After the decline in beaver and the fur trade, with some emigrants to the West using the
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and was often under the direct command of company representatives. Some company men who paid off their debt could become free traders, using the gear they had earned. They might sell to the same company when the price was agreeable or convenient.
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time, which gave them some protection against the weapons of particular enemies. There were no doctors in the regions where mountain men worked, and they had to set their own broken bones, tend their wounds, and nurse themselves back to health.
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by wagon trains with the goal of claiming cheap lands in the west was building rapidly from a trickle of settlers from 1841's opening of the Oregon Trail to a flood of emigrants headed west by 1847–49 and thereafter well into the later 1880s.
246:
Mountain men were most common in the North
American Rocky Mountains from about 1810 through to the 1880s (with a peak population in the 1830s). About 3,000 of them ranged the mountains between 1820 and 1840, the peak beaver-harvesting period.
899:(1799–1831) was a hunter, trapper, and fur trader whose explorations were significant in opening the American West to settlement by Europeans and Americans. Smith is considered the first man of European descent to cross the future state of
703:(1809–1868) achieved notability for his later exploits, but he got his start and gained some early recognition as a trapper. Carson explored the west to California and north through the Rocky Mountains. He lived among and married into the
377:(HBC) instituted several policies to undercut the American fur trade. During the same years, fashion in Europe shifted away from the formerly popular beaver hats; at the same time, the animal had become over-hunted. The HBC's annual
725:(1902–1987), a.k.a. "Man of the Mountain" was a businessman and gold prospector. In 1987, Phoenix Magazine named him one of "Arizona Legends". His gravesite in the Gold Mountain of the
855:, trapping for beaver, buffalo, and wolf hides. Unaffiliated with a company, Johnson bargained independently to sell his hides. Elements of his story were portrayed in the film
444:(NWC) and then the HBC. Both companies undertook numerous measures to prevent American fur traders from competing with them west of the Rocky Mountains, especially in the upper
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1191:
The Life and
Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Mountaineer, Scout, and Pioneer, and Chief of the Crow Nation of Indians. With Illustrations. Written from His Own Dictation
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area, and achieved national fame through
Fremont. Stories of his life as a mountain man turned him into a frontier hero-figure, the prototypical mountain man of his time.
366:. By the mid-1830s, it attracted 450 to 500 men annually: essentially all the American trappers and traders working in the Rockies as well as numerous Native Americans.
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country. After the HBC took over operations in the
Pacific Northwest in 1821, American fur traders in the Snake River country quickly went out business and moved on.
216:
trapping had largely ended. The fur industry was failing because of reduced demand and over trapping. With the rise of the silk trade and quick collapse of the
1238:
255:, most mountain men were employed by major fur companies. The life of a company man was almost militarized. The men had mess groups, hunted and trapped in
339:. He continued to earn revenue by selling that firm their supplies. This system of rendezvous with trappers continued when other firms, particularly the
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943:(1787–1849) was a frontiersman & furtrapper best known for his expeditions to the American west & as an interpreter for the U.S. government
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1022:—Britain and the U.S. settled the ownership of the Pacific Northwest and the northern territories along current western Canada–US border, and
311:, whose company representatives would haul supplies to specific mountain locations in the spring, engage in trading with trappers, and bring
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traveling over roads explored and in many cases, physically improved by the mountain men and the big fur companies, originally to serve the
811:(1783–1833) was a frontiersman & fur trapper best known for his survival from a grizzly bear attack near the Missouri River. The films
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when the HBC, along with a decline in demand for and supply of beaver, had effectively put all American fur traders out of business.
793:'s Missouri Fur Company, where he had signed on in 1807. Often venturing out alone like John Colter, notably to the headwaters of the
605:, arrived in Missouri with his parents and was freed by his father. He started working with the Ashley expedition, signed on with the
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from about 1810 through to the 1880s (with a peak population in the early 1840s). They were instrumental in opening up the various
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Trail, which brought a new form of competition. Former trappers earned money as guides or hunters for the emigrant parties.
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were one of the mountain men's greatest enemies. Winters could be brutal, with heavy snowstorms and low temperatures.
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Mountain men arose in a geographic and economic expansion that was driven by the lucrative earnings available in the
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259:, and always reported to the head of the trapping party. This man was called a "boosway", a bastardization of the
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The Avenging Fury of the Plains, John "Liver-Eating" Johnston, Exploding the Myths - Discovering the Man
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scouts, wagon train guides or settled throughout the lands which they had helped open up. Others, like
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by 1830, Astor got out of the fur business before its decline. In the late 1830s, the Canadian-based
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873:(1810–1875) was a trapper, law enforcement official, and politician in the Oregon Country and later
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Mountain Men and the Fur Trade: Sources of the History of the Fur Trade of the Rocky Mountain West
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471:, a notable 19th century mountain man who claimed to have hunted down around 800 grizzly bears
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The Ashley-Smith explorations and the discovery of a central route to the Pacific, 1822-1829
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solo exploration of 1807-1808 made him one of the first Mountain men. While there were many
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in the West to have his life story published (1856). He was credited with the discovery of
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discovered by mountain man Jim Bridger in 1847–48. The migration would explode in 1849's "
8:
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400:, Francois, paying $ 600 in trade goods for an Indian woman to be his wife, ca. 1837, by
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715:("the Pathfinder") as a guide and led him through much of California, Oregon, and the
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1995:
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Blood and Thunder: The Epic Story of Kit Carson and the Conquest of the American West
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867:(1815–1888) was a legendary frontiersman best known for his settlement in California
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1975:
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847:(1824–1900) was one of the more notable latter-day mountain men. Johnson worked in
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region. He is also considered one of the first men of European descent, along with
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220:-based fur trade in the 1830s–1840s, many of the mountain men settled into jobs as
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A Rendezvous Reader: Tall, Tangled, and True Tales of the Mountain Men, 1805–1850
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Here Lies Hugh Glass: A Mountain Man, a Bear, and the Rise of the American Nation
1340:
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878:
805:, Drouillard was killed in May 1810 by Blackfoot Indians in the Three Forks area.
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path creating what became known as the Beckwourth Trail through the mountains to
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A newer world: Kit Carson, John C. Fremont and the claiming of the American west
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there seemed so outrageous to some that the area was mockingly referred to as
425:, former trappers found work as guides and hunters for the traveling parties.
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Trading Beyond the Mountains: The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793-1843
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Trading Beyond the Mountains: The British Fur Trade on the Pacific 1793-1843
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2015:
1990:
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1066:. Vancouver: University of British Columbia (UBC) Press. pp. 107–111.
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from north to south and from west to east; and the first American to enter
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767:, leaving him naked and alone in the wilderness, became a legend known as "
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This Reckless Breed of Men: The Trappers and Fur Traders of the Southwest
1094:. Vancouver: University of British Columbia (UBC) Press. pp. 64–65.
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823:(2015) are fictionalized versions of Glass and the grizzly bear episode.
739:(1774–1812 or 1813), one of the first mountain men, was a member of the
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1328:"'Mountain Man' Troy James Knapp faces justice after six years on run"
829:(1906–1980), known as the "Last of the Mountain Men", lived along the
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after Ashley's departure. Smith had notable facial scarring from a
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of 1843, where he was elected as a sheriff. Later he served in the
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of the dress and lifestyle of a mountain man, sometimes known as
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203:, in the wake of the various 1806–1807 published accounts of the
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Fort Union Fur Trade Symposium Proceedings September 13–15, 1990
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2010:
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Rocky Mountain Rendezvous: A History of The Fur Trade 1825–1840
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502:" in response to the discovery of gold in California in 1848.
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to serve the remnant fur trade and the settlers heading west.
33:
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1527:, a Mountain Man story and podcast from Muzzleloader Magazine
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Queen Creek community park to be named after iconic resident.
877:. A pioneer involved in the fur trade before settling in the
838:
693:(1861-1947), American hunter, trapper and explorer who wrote
436:, British-Canadian companies controlled the fur trade in the
923:. He was a successful businessman and a full partner in the
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1612:
904:
350:
The annual rendezvous was often held at Horse Creek on the
189:
16:
Men living remotely in the Rocky Mountains of North America
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1395:(Williston, Friends of Fort Union Trading Post, 1994), 79.
609:, and became a well-known mountain man. He lived with the
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1398:
Maguire, James H., Peter Wild, and Donald Barclay (eds.)
327:, in the fall. Ashley sold his business to the outfit of
312:
269:. He was the leader of the brigade and the head trader.
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639:(1804–1881) went west in 1822 at age 17 as a member of
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by an overland route. He was also first to scale the
647:
area. He was among the first non-natives to see the
362:. Another popular site in the same general area was
1423:
Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the American West
1326:Associated Press in Salt Lake City (June 9, 2014).
1085:
1083:
861:, and Dennis McLelland wrote a biography about him.
683:. Fort Bridger later figured in the history of the
743:. He later became the first European man to enter
613:for years and became a war chief. He was the only
408:A second fur trading and supply center grew up in
176:(widened into wagon roads) allowing Americans in
2774:
1263:Exploring Carter and Kennedy's San Tan Mountains
1080:
1497:Mountain Men: Pathfinders of the West 1810–1860
2583:
1475:Firearms, Traps, and Tools of the Mountain Man
763:. Colter's narrow escape following capture by
1556:
1470:, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA. 1947.
1374:Fur Trappers and Traders of the Far Southwest
1194:. New York: Harper Brothers. Archived from
667:. In 1830, Bridger purchased shares in the
1601:
1563:
1549:
835:Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness
32:
1358:. Gibbs M. Smith, Layton, Utah 2005. 13.
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545:
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559:
509:
474:
463:
388:
271:
2818:Western (genre) staples and terminology
1477:. New York: Alfred A. Knope, Inc. 1967.
1024:b) the 1848 treaty formally ending the
575:
165:. Mountain men were most common in the
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1187:
1089:
1061:
1009:
881:, Meek played a prominent role at the
228:, opened fort-trading posts along the
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2104:
2103:
1600:
1544:
1118:, New York: Touchstone. 2001, p. 98.
590:Rocky Mountains Trapper (supposedly)
525:presented constant physical dangers.
180:to settle the new territories of the
41:, one of the most famous mountain men
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1453:
1295:
1178:. New York City: Knopf. 1950, p. 44.
1267:
1256:
13:
1402:. University of Utah Press. 1997.
1319:
1278:
1231:
789:after the expedition, working for
679:and was well known as a teller of
14:
2829:
1481:
1391:Orville C. Loomer, "Fort Henry,"
1090:Mackie, Richard Somerset (1997).
1062:Mackie, Richard Somerset (1997).
887:Provisional Legislature of Oregon
781:. He went on trapping in today's
651:and other natural wonders of the
505:
452:rise to the term "mountain men".
356:Upper Green River Rendezvous Site
2080:(self styled captain, braggart)
1380:, Logan, Utah, (1997 reprint).
1289:
1210:
568:or living historian dressed in
536:
2808:History of the Rocky Mountains
2788:Explorers of the United States
1460:. The Arthur H. Clark Company.
1298:"The Last of The Mountain Men"
1168:
1159:
1150:
1139:, Doubleday. 2006, pp. 33-34.
1129:
1108:
1055:
1044:. Idahohistory.net. 2010-07-07
1031:
727:San Tan Mountain Regional Park
1:
1285:Republic; September 22, 2001.
1003:
889:before being selected as the
21:Mountain Man (disambiguation)
2813:Culture of the United States
1427:University of Nebraska Press
369:After achieving an American
7:
2584:
2451:Elderly martial arts master
2146:Hooker with a heart of gold
1378:Utah State University Press
947:
845:John "Liver-Eating" Johnson
827:Sylvan "Buckskin Bill" Hart
803:Three Forks of the Missouri
592:William "Old Bill" Williams
315:back to communities on the
10:
2834:
2636:
1531:Museum of the Mountain Man
1188:Bonner, Thomas D. (1856).
925:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
915:and explore the area from
741:Lewis and Clark Expedition
733:, is a tourist attraction.
669:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
607:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
601:(1798–1866) was born into
579:
309:Rocky Mountain Fur Company
239:
235:
205:Lewis and Clark Expedition
157:and makes his living from
18:
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2631:
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2110:
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1966:
1938:
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1891:
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1857:
1817:
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1750:
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1709:
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1607:
1596:
1578:
893:for the Oregon Territory.
755:. His description of the
745:Yellowstone National Park
303:was later implemented by
115:
106:
101:
64:
51:
46:
31:
1519:Mountain men of the Gila
1499:, University of Virginia
903:; the first to traverse
711:tribes. He was hired by
201:North American fur trade
1536:Museum of the Fur Trade
1454:Dale, Clifford (1918).
1174:Cleland, Robert Glass.
1020:Oregon boundary dispute
747:and to see what is now
695:Buzzacott's Masterpiece
625:in 1850 and improved a
2178:Manic Pixie Dream Girl
1602:By ethics and morality
1443:. Anchor Books, 2006.
1165:Cleland (1950), p. 21.
1156:Cleland (1950), p. 43.
631:Marysville, California
594:
572:
551:Historical reenactment
546:Historical reenactment
521:
482:
472:
428:After the short-lived
405:
281:
2798:Male stock characters
1521:, Southern New Mexico
974:Scottish Indian trade
959:James "Grizzly" Adams
891:United States Marshal
814:Man in the Wilderness
589:
563:
513:
478:
467:
392:
347:, entered the field.
275:
240:Further information:
218:North American beaver
91:Appalachian Mountains
1467:Across Wide Missouri
1239:"Historical Stories"
1026:Mexican–American War
919:to the banks of the
753:Teton Mountain Range
731:Queen Creek, Arizona
643:exploring the Upper
582:List of mountain men
576:Notable mountain men
375:Hudson's Bay Company
341:American Fur Company
305:William Henry Ashley
299:Valley in 1819. The
242:Fur trade in Montana
19:For other uses, see
2392:Princess and dragon
2290:Princesse lointaine
1790:(servants, clowns:
1760:Gentleman detective
1412:McLelland, Dennis.
757:geothermal activity
519:Alfred Jacob Miller
430:Pacific Fur Company
402:Alfred Jacob Miller
394:The Trapper's Bride
358:, near present-day
287:, representing the
207:findings about the
28:
2677:Identity formation
2467:American mappillai
2379:Damsel in distress
2161:Magical girlfriend
2066:(wealthy old men,
1525:"Neighbor Ephraim"
1514:The Overland Trail
1508:2007-08-19 at the
1302:Sports Illustrated
1296:Peterson, Harold.
1039:"Idahohistory.net"
841:from 1932 to 1980.
595:
573:
522:
483:
473:
442:North West Company
440:, first under the
406:
289:North West Company
282:
26:
2803:American folklore
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2647:Adolescent clique
2627:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2400:
2399:
2136:Farmer's daughter
2105:By sex and gender
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:
1878:
1877:
1737:
1736:
1658:Mythological king
1473:Russell, Carl P.
1464:DeVoto, Bernard,
1408:978-0-87480-539-0
1137:Blood and Thunder
969:James Ohio Pattie
941:Old Bill Williams
883:Champoeg Meetings
775:George Drouillard
691:Francis Buzzacott
671:. He established
458:western migration
438:Pacific Northwest
412:in what is today
360:Pinedale, Wyoming
354:, now called the
301:rendezvous system
153:who lives in the
143:
142:
2825:
2793:American hunters
2693:Little green men
2682:Imaginary friend
2633:
2632:
2589:
2411:
2410:
2351:Mammy stereotype
2305:Yamato nadeshiko
2121:
2120:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2100:
1976:Bug-eyed monster
1940:Social Darwinist
1889:
1888:
1865:Good cop/bad cop
1748:
1747:
1618:
1617:
1609:
1608:
1598:
1597:
1572:Stock characters
1565:
1558:
1551:
1542:
1541:
1461:
1338:Coleman, Jon T.
1335:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1293:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1241:. Archived from
1235:
1229:
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1214:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1185:
1179:
1172:
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1163:
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1154:
1148:
1135:Sides, Hampton,
1133:
1127:
1114:Roberts, David.
1112:
1106:
1105:
1087:
1078:
1077:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1043:
1035:
1029:
1016:
980:Coureur des bois
964:Overmountain Men
935:William Sublette
875:Oregon Territory
858:Jeremiah Johnson
675:in southwestern
641:Ashley's Hundred
615:African American
500:The Forty-Niners
345:John Jacob Astor
285:Donald Mackenzie
226:William Sublette
194:inland fur trade
126:Coureur des bois
66:Activity sectors
36:
29:
25:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2762:
2638:
2615:
2592:
2565:
2534:
2517:Prince Charming
2511:
2507:Superfluous man
2502:Nice Jewish boy
2455:
2432:
2396:
2373:
2355:
2338:Lady-in-waiting
2332:
2309:
2276:
2248:
2220:
2206:Fairy godmother
2182:
2106:
2083:
2022:
1962:
1934:
1905:
1874:
1853:
1832:Gentleman thief
1813:
1806: and
1774:
1733:
1705:
1677:
1603:
1592:
1574:
1569:
1510:Wayback Machine
1484:
1439:Hampton Sides.
1425:. Bison Books,
1420:Morgan, Dale L.
1370:Hafen, LeRoy R.
1322:
1320:Further reading
1317:
1307:
1305:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1268:
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1257:
1248:
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1201:
1199:
1198:on 29 June 2014
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1037:
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1032:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1006:
950:
879:Tualatin Valley
801:and around the
797:River from the
713:John C. Frémont
661:Great Salt Lake
657:Étienne Provost
627:Native American
619:Beckwourth Pass
584:
578:
548:
539:
508:
496:Great Salt Lake
276:Fur trading at
244:
238:
174:emigrant trails
170:Rocky Mountains
118:
95:Ozark Mountains
71:Rocky Mountains
67:
54:
53:Occupation type
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2831:
2821:
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2815:
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2800:
2795:
2790:
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2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2743:Tragic mulatto
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2718:Shoulder angel
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2689:("The Lovers")
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2297:
2295:Southern belle
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2258:
2256:
2250:
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2226:Hawksian woman
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2173:
2168:
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2143:
2141:Girl next door
2138:
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2118:
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2081:
2075:
2061:
2056:
2054:Masked villain
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1494:
1483:
1482:External links
1480:
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998:Promyshlenniki
995:
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976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
949:
946:
945:
944:
938:
932:
921:Columbia River
897:Jedediah Smith
894:
868:
862:
842:
824:
806:
772:
734:
720:
698:
688:
645:Missouri River
634:
599:Jim Beckwourth
580:Main article:
577:
574:
547:
544:
538:
535:
507:
506:Mode of living
504:
480:Mariano Medina
278:Fort Nez Percé
237:
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213:Oregon Country
167:North American
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2753:Village idiot
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2699:
2698:Magical Negro
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2537:
2531:
2530:Knight-errant
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Little Johnny
2490:
2488:
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2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Ivan the Fool
2475:
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2468:
2465:
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2438:Father figure
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2259:
2257:
2255:
2254:Woman warrior
2251:
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2240:
2237:
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2232:
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2149:
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2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:Love interest
2122:
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2109:
2102:
2098:
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2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:Swamp monster
1999:
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1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
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1982:
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1953:Mad scientist
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1752:Lovable rogue
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1722:Super soldier
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1648:Knight-errant
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1633:Christ figure
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1449:1-4000-3110-9
1446:
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1435:0-8032-5138-6
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1386:0-87421-235-9
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1368:
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1364:1-58685-756-8
1361:
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1350:
1347:
1346:Hill and Wang
1343:
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1303:
1299:
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1245:on 2017-12-22
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1145:0-385-50777-1
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1124:0-684-83482-0
1121:
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1103:
1101:0-7748-0613-3
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761:Colter's Hell
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723:Mansel Carter
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665:Pacific Ocean
662:
659:, to see the
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623:Sierra Nevada
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564:Mountain man
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527:Grizzly bears
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488:Robert Newell
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364:Pierre's Hole
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323:rivers, like
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253:free trappers
250:
249:John Colter's
243:
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79:Cascade Range
76:
75:Sierra Nevada
72:
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63:
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50:
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40:
35:
30:
22:
2783:Mountain men
2758:White savior
2728:Straight man
2662:Dragonslayer
2611:Black knight
2579:Seme and uke
2561:Mountain man
2560:
2551:Noble savage
2446:Wise old man
2267:Magical girl
2239:Femme fatale
2216:Loathly lady
2171:Monster girl
2016:Nazi zombies
1991:Monster girl
1958:Supervillain
1920:Double agent
1893:Antivillains
1847:Space pirate
1780:Tricky slave
1727:Space marine
1691:Byronic hero
1673:Youngest son
1621:Classic hero
1513:
1503:Mountain Men
1492:Mountain Men
1491:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1440:
1422:
1413:
1399:
1392:
1373:
1355:
1352:Gowans, Fred
1339:
1332:The Guardian
1331:
1306:. Retrieved
1301:
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1247:. Retrieved
1243:the original
1233:
1222:. Retrieved
1212:
1200:. Retrieved
1196:the original
1190:
1183:
1175:
1170:
1161:
1152:
1136:
1131:
1115:
1110:
1091:
1063:
1057:
1046:. Retrieved
1033:
992:Bandeirantes
990:
978:
954:Fort Laramie
929:grizzly bear
856:
831:Salmon River
820:The Revenant
818:
817:(1971) and
812:
779:Fort Clatsop
769:Colter's Run
749:Jackson Hole
685:Donner Party
673:Fort Bridger
555:buckskinning
549:
540:
537:Fur trappers
531:
523:
515:The Greeting
514:
484:
454:
450:
427:
423:Mormon Trail
407:
393:
384:
368:
349:
283:
264:
245:
230:Oregon Trail
198:
186:wagon trains
147:mountain man
146:
144:
138:Fur trappers
117:Related jobs
107:Competencies
83:Great Plains
58:Frontiersman
27:Mountain men
2703:Mole people
2546:Feral child
2428:Scaramouche
2300:Valley girl
2262:Jungle girl
2234:Dragon Lady
2211:La Ruffiana
2156:Loosu ponnu
2078:Il Capitano
1701:Tragic hero
1653:Legacy hero
1628:Action hero
1308:20 February
1304:. Time, Inc
913:High Sierra
871:Joseph Meek
865:Seth Kinman
799:Yellowstone
791:Manuel Lisa
737:John Colter
717:Great Basin
653:Yellowstone
637:Jim Bridger
492:Jim Bridger
469:Seth Kinman
446:Snake River
379:Snake River
352:Green River
321:Mississippi
297:Boise River
102:Description
87:Great Lakes
60:(1800–1890)
39:Jim Bridger
2777:Categories
2738:Town drunk
2687:Innamorati
2387:Final girl
2369:Gamer girl
2072:Il Dottore
2044:Folk devil
1986:Killer toy
1981:Evil clown
1901:False hero
1842:Air pirate
1804:Pulcinella
1372:, editor.
1249:2017-12-19
1224:2012-10-01
1048:2012-10-01
1004:References
909:California
809:Hugh Glass
701:Kit Carson
681:tall tales
434:liquidated
414:New Mexico
293:rendezvous
190:mule train
155:wilderness
122:Longhunter
47:Occupation
2748:Truck-kun
2652:Barbarian
2586:Otokonoko
2539:Primitive
2415:Harlequin
2406:Masculine
2361:Geek girl
2346:Columbina
2282:Queen bee
2068:Pantalone
2039:Archenemy
1948:Dark lord
1930:Terrorist
1925:Evil twin
1796:Brighella
1792:Harlequin
1770:Trickster
1717:Cyberhero
1696:Man alone
1668:Superhero
1643:Folk hero
1588:Archetype
1220:. PBS.org
1218:"PBS.org"
986:Voyageurs
917:San Diego
765:Blackfeet
570:buckskins
566:reenactor
418:Southwest
343:owned by
325:St. Louis
291:, held a
266:bourgeois
111:languages
2733:Tokenism
2723:Sidekick
2713:Redshirt
2708:Pop icon
2525:BishĹŤnen
2497:Nice guy
2244:Tsundere
2196:Cat lady
2116:Feminine
2006:Vampires
1996:Skeleton
1968:Monsters
1884:Villains
1683:Antihero
1638:Everyman
1506:Archived
1429:, 1964.
1376:. 1965,
1202:2 August
948:See also
795:Big Horn
751:and the
709:Cheyenne
396:shows a
371:monopoly
337:Sublette
317:Missouri
257:brigades
211:and the
182:far west
178:the east
163:trapping
151:explorer
134:Woodsman
130:Surveyor
97:, rivers
2606:Pachuco
2598:Bad boy
2556:Caveman
2423:Pierrot
2328:Laotong
2323:Class S
2166:Catgirl
2151:Ingénue
2131:BishĹŤjo
2064:Vecchio
2011:Zombies
1827:Bad boy
1808:Pierrot
1802:,
1800:Scapino
1798:,
1794:,
1663:Paladin
1348:(2012).
1018:see a)
931:attack.
853:Montana
849:Wyoming
833:in the
787:Montana
783:Wyoming
705:Arapaho
677:Wyoming
649:geysers
621:in the
603:slavery
398:trapper
333:Jackson
307:of the
295:in the
280:in 1841
236:History
209:Rockies
192:-based
159:hunting
2637:Others
2272:Virago
2034:Alazon
1837:Pirate
1819:Outlaw
1743:Rogues
1613:Heroes
1447:
1433:
1406:
1384:
1362:
1143:
1122:
1098:
1070:
901:Nevada
335:, and
261:French
149:is an
2667:Donor
2657:Clown
2472:Himbo
2460:Young
2201:Crone
2059:Miser
2027:Other
1858:Other
1788:Zanni
1710:Other
1042:(PDF)
839:Idaho
517:, by
490:told
329:Smith
313:pelts
263:term
2672:Fool
2571:LGBT
2487:Jock
2482:Jack
2315:LGBT
2070:and
2049:Igor
1912:mole
1910:The
1870:Rake
1765:Jack
1583:List
1445:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1382:ISBN
1360:ISBN
1310:2016
1204:2014
1141:ISBN
1120:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1068:ISBN
905:Utah
851:and
785:and
707:and
611:Crow
486:man
432:was
410:Taos
319:and
222:Army
161:and
2188:Hag
837:in
729:in
2779::
1512:,
1490:,
1354:.
1344:,
1330:.
1300:.
1082:^
1011:^
771:".
331:,
196:.
145:A
136:,
132:,
128:,
124:,
93:,
89:,
85:,
81:,
77:,
73:,
2074:)
1810:)
1564:e
1557:t
1550:v
1416:,
1388:.
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1227:.
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1126:.
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1076:.
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1028:.
697:.
687:.
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23:.
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