644:
31:
657:
1496:
ordering, it may be only weakly first order or even continuous (i.e second order). Weakly first order Mott transitions are seen in some quasi-two dimensional organic materials. Continuous Mott transitions have been reported in semiconductor moire materials. A theory of a continuous Mott transition is available if the Mott insulating phase is a quantum spin liquid with an emergent fermi surface of neutral fermions.
2632:
1471:
solutions, transition metal chalcogenides and transition metal oxides. In the case of transition metal oxides, the material typically switches from being a good electrical insulator to a good electrical conductor. The insulator-metal transition can also be modified by changes in temperature, pressure
1479:
The physical origin of the Mott transition is the interplay between the
Coulomb repulsion of electrons and their degree of localization (band width). Once the carrier density becomes too high (e.g. due to doping), the energy of the system can be lowered by the localization of the formerly conducting
1495:
The Mott transition is usually first order, and involves discontinuous changes of physical properties. Theoretical studies of the Mott transition in the limit of large dimension find a first order transition. However in low dimensions and when the lattice geometry leads to frustration of magnetic
1377:
While the conduction in an n- (p-) type doped semiconductor sets in at high temperatures because the conduction (valence) band is partially filled with electrons (holes) with the original band structure being unchanged, the situation is different in the case of the Mott transition where the band
1483:
In a semiconductor, the doping level also affects the Mott transition. It has been observed that higher dopant concentrations in a semiconductor creates internal stresses that increase the free energy (acting as a change in pressure) of the system, thus reducing the ionization energy.
1487:
The reduced barrier causes easier transfer by tunneling or by thermal emission from donor to its adjacent donor. The effect is enhanced when pressure is applied for the reason stated previously. When the transport of carriers overcomes a minimum
1072:
There are a number of properties of Mott insulators, derived from both experimental and theoretical observations, which cannot be attributed to antiferromagnetic ordering and thus constitute mottism. These properties include:
2565:
Hasan, M. Z.; Montano, P. A.; Isaacs, E. D.; Shen, Z.-X.; Eisaki, H.; Sinha, S. K.; Islam, Z.; Motoyama, N.; Uchida, S. (2002-04-16). "Momentum-Resolved Charge
Excitations in a Prototype One-Dimensional Mott Insulator".
1289:
the potential energy becomes much more sharply (exponentially) peaked around the equilibrium position of the atom and electrons become localized and can no longer conduct a current. It is named after physicist
1466:
Simply put, a Mott transition is a change in a material's behavior from insulating to metallic due to various factors. This transition is known to exist in various systems: mercury metal vapor-liquid, metal
1314:
and is electrically neutral. For an electron to move away from a site, it requires a certain amount of energy, as the electron is normally pulled back toward the (now positively charged) site by
1360:
2457:
Markiewicz, R. S.; Hasan, M. Z.; Bansil, A. (2008-03-25). "Acoustic plasmons and doping evolution of Mott physics in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering from cuprate superconductors".
965:
1461:
1022:
883:
Mott reviewed the subject (with a good overview) in 1968. The subject has been thoroughly reviewed in a comprehensive paper by
Masatoshi Imada, Atsushi Fujimori, and
724:
is a transition from a metal to an insulator, driven by the strong interactions between electrons. One of the simplest models that can capture Mott transition is the
1233:
1047:
If the criterion is satisfied (i.e. if the density of electrons is sufficiently high) the material becomes conductive (metal) and otherwise it will be an insulator.
1410:
1262:
1181:
1151:
1125:
1207:
990:
1476:
in his 1949 publication on Ni-oxide, the origin of this behavior is correlations between electrons and the close relationship this phenomenon has to magnetism.
1042:
2798:
Jördens, Robert; Strohmaier, Niels; Günter, Kenneth; Moritz, Henning; Esslinger, Tilman (2008). "A Mott insulator of fermionic atoms in an optical lattice".
2149:
Choy, Ting-Pong; Leigh, Robert G.; Phillips, Philip; Powell, Philip D. (2008-01-17). "Exact integration of the high energy scale in doped Mott insulators".
1832:
Mello, Isys F.; Squillante, Lucas; Gomes, Gabriel O.; Seridonio, Antonio C.; De Souza, Mariano (2020). "Griffiths-like phase close to the Mott transition".
1968:
Meinders, M. B. J.; Eskes, H.; Sawatzky, G. A. (1993-08-01). "Spectral-weight transfer: Breakdown of low-energy-scale sum rules in correlated systems".
688:
2630:, Newns, Dennis, "Junction mott transition field effect transistor (JMTFET) and switch for logic and memory applications", published 2000
2324:
Bose, D. N.; B. Seishu; G. Parthasarathy; E. S. R. Gopal (1986). "Doping
Dependence of Semiconductor-Metal Transition in InP at High Pressures".
2210:
Stanescu, Tudor D.; Phillips, Philip (2003-07-02). "Pseudogap in Doped Mott
Insulators is the Near-Neighbor Analogue of the Mott Gap".
716:(particularly at low temperatures). These insulators fail to be correctly described by band theories of solids due to their strong
2019:
Stanescu, Tudor D.; Phillips, Philip; Choy, Ting-Pong (2007-03-06). "Theory of the
Luttinger surface in doped Mott insulators".
2646:
Zhou, You; Ramanathan, Shriram (2013-01-01). "Correlated
Electron Materials and Field Effect Transistors for Logic: A Review".
2377:
Kohsaka, Y.; Taylor, C.; Wahl, P.; et al. (August 28, 2008). "How Cooper pairs vanish approaching the Mott insulator in Bi
1081:
681:
1533:
by changing some parameters, which may be composition, pressure, strain, voltage, or magnetic field. The effect is known as a
1621:
1480:
electrons (band width reduction), leading to the formation of a band gap, e.g. by pressure (i.e. a semiconductor/insulator).
1069:
Thus, mottism accounts for all of the properties of Mott insulators that cannot be attributed simply to antiferromagnetism.
731:
The band gap in a Mott insulator exists between bands of like character, such as 3d electron bands, whereas the band gap in
1887:
808:
In this situation, the formation of an energy gap preventing conduction can be understood as the competition between the
2326:
1519:
1378:
structure itself changes. Mott argued that the transition must be sudden, occurring when the density of free electrons
1321:
2080:
Leigh, Robert G.; Phillips, Philip; Choy, Ting-Pong (2007-07-25). "Hidden Charge 2e Boson in Doped Mott
Insulators".
1900:
674:
661:
1719:
Mott, N. F. (1949). "The basis of the electron theory of metals, with special reference to the transition metals".
1374:. The result is that at low temperatures a material is insulating, and at high temperatures the material conducts.
887:. A recent proposal of a "Griffiths-like phase close to the Mott transition" has been reported in the literature.
643:
896:
789:
also in 1937 predicted the failing of band theory can be explained by including interactions between electrons.
1573:
1278:
900:
436:
2862:
2492:
Hasan, M. Z.; Isaacs, E. D.; Shen, Z.-X.; Miller, L. L.; Tsutsui, K.; Tohyama, T.; Maekawa, S. (2000-06-09).
908:
1415:
1366:
predicts that a significant fraction of electrons will have enough energy to escape their site, leaving an
764:
611:
91:
1555:
877:
2877:
732:
616:
241:
2627:
2872:
1645:
de Boer, J. H.; Verwey, E. J. W. (1937). "Semi-conductors with partially and with completely filled 3
1561:
1154:
868:
is large enough to create an energy gap. One of the simplest theories of Mott insulators is the 1963
775:, this implies that such a material has to be a metal. This conclusion fails for several cases, e.g.
772:
760:
747:
of solids had been very successful in describing various electrical properties of materials, in 1937
744:
709:
506:
181:
2293:
1570: – Approximate model used to describe the transition between conducting and insulating systems
1286:
501:
496:
22:
586:
2867:
1538:
1526:
1098:
1062:
ordering, which is necessary to fully describe a Mott insulator. In other words, we might write:
705:
191:
596:
2288:
1585:
1363:
995:
756:
581:
521:
491:
441:
161:
51:
2279:
Cyrot, M. (1972). "Theory of mott transition : Applications to transition metal oxides".
621:
236:
221:
2707:
Son, Junwoo; et al. (2011-10-18). "A heterojunction modulation-doped Mott transistor".
2493:
1212:
2817:
2726:
2665:
2585:
2515:
2466:
2415:
2335:
2229:
2168:
2099:
2038:
1977:
1934:
1851:
1806:
1763:
1728:
1693:
1658:
1530:
1388:
713:
211:
101:
1892:
8:
1473:
1291:
1241:
1160:
1130:
1104:
748:
451:
261:
111:
2821:
2730:
2669:
2589:
2519:
2470:
2419:
2339:
2233:
2172:
2103:
2042:
1981:
1938:
1855:
1810:
1767:
1732:
1697:
1662:
1189:
972:
2841:
2807:
2784:
2765:
2742:
2716:
2689:
2655:
2609:
2575:
2547:
2505:
2439:
2405:
2359:
2351:
2261:
2219:
2192:
2158:
2131:
2089:
2062:
2028:
1924:
1867:
1841:
1027:
591:
566:
314:
305:
2302:
1705:
1670:
2833:
2681:
2601:
2539:
2531:
2443:
2431:
2363:
2306:
2253:
2245:
2184:
2123:
2115:
2066:
2054:
2001:
1993:
1950:
1896:
1871:
1779:
1740:
1627:
1617:
1558: – Method to determine the electronic structure of strongly correlated materials
1489:
1059:
809:
561:
406:
296:
216:
2746:
2693:
2613:
2196:
2135:
2845:
2825:
2734:
2673:
2593:
2551:
2523:
2474:
2423:
2343:
2298:
2265:
2237:
2176:
2107:
2046:
1985:
1942:
1859:
1814:
1771:
1736:
1701:
1666:
1371:
1315:
1282:
884:
793:
776:
266:
231:
226:
186:
156:
126:
86:
46:
2597:
2527:
2241:
2111:
1684:
Mott, N. F.; Peierls, R. (1937). "Discussion of the paper by de Boer and Verwey".
2677:
1515:
576:
526:
396:
151:
63:
720:–electron interactions, which are not considered in conventional band theory. A
2494:"Electronic Structure of Mott Insulators Studied by Inelastic X-ray Scattering"
2478:
2180:
2050:
1818:
1085:
786:
648:
626:
606:
601:
556:
476:
411:
309:
41:
16:
Materials classically predicted to be conductors, that are actually insulators
1946:
1775:
2856:
2685:
2535:
2310:
2249:
2188:
2119:
2058:
1997:
1989:
1954:
1783:
1631:
1579:
1567:
1367:
1303:
869:
828:
725:
337:
318:
300:
201:
121:
827:
electrons between neighboring atoms (the transfer integral is a part of the
531:
2837:
2605:
2543:
2435:
2347:
2323:
2257:
2127:
2094:
2005:
752:
551:
541:
511:
471:
466:
446:
291:
271:
131:
2789:
2770:
2580:
2510:
2224:
2033:
1929:
1492:, the semiconductor has undergone a Mott transition and become metallic.
1383:
1094:
782:
768:
571:
546:
516:
461:
456:
388:
30:
2829:
2427:
1797:
M. Imada; A. Fujimori; Y. Tojura (1998). "Metal-Insulator
Transitions".
2355:
1564: – Describes the range of energies of an electron within the solid
864:
In general, Mott insulators occur when the repulsive
Coulomb potential
832:
481:
323:
116:
2738:
1863:
1508:
research, and are not yet fully understood. They have applications in
1611:
1509:
1311:
536:
486:
359:
206:
106:
1846:
1512:
763:
are insulators. With an odd number of electrons per unit cell, the
717:
96:
2812:
2721:
2660:
2410:
2163:
1505:
416:
401:
364:
355:
350:
1542:
369:
345:
76:
1754:
MOTT, N. F. (1 September 1968). "Metal-Insulator Transition".
1545:
and memory devices than possible with conventional materials.
2797:
1831:
374:
71:
1796:
1044:, according to various estimates, is 2.0, 2.78,4.0, or 4.2.
1307:
1576: – Change between conductive and non-conductive state
796:
as an insulator, where conduction is based on the formula
2376:
81:
2148:
1644:
2648:
Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences
2564:
2272:
1370:
behind and becoming conduction electrons that conduct
1326:
2779:
Anderson, P. W.; Baskaran, G. (1997). "A Critique of
2491:
2456:
1967:
1582: – Model of electronic band structures of solids
1418:
1391:
1324:
1244:
1215:
1192:
1163:
1133:
1107:
1030:
998:
975:
911:
2764:
Laughlin, R. B. (1997). "A Critique of Two Metals".
2018:
1504:
Mott insulators are of growing interest in advanced
876:
is increased, can be predicted within the so-called
872:. The crossover from a metal to a Mott insulator as
1613:
Lecture notes on electron correlation and magnetism
1084:along a connected surface in momentum space in the
1455:
1404:
1354:
1256:
1227:
1201:
1175:
1145:
1119:
1064:antiferromagnetic order + mottism = Mott insulator
1036:
1016:
984:
959:
792:In 1949, in particular, Mott proposed a model for
2079:
1976:(6). American Physical Society (APS): 3916–3926.
2854:
2778:
2209:
1355:{\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}k_{\mathrm {B} }T}
1310:or group of atoms) contains a certain number of
1235:the charge of an electron) boson at low energies
2027:(10). American Physical Society (APS): 104503.
1891:(8th ed.), John Wiley & Sons, p.
1762:(4). American Physical Society (APS): 677–683.
1747:
1683:
2645:
2157:(1). American Physical Society (APS): 014512.
1058:denotes the additional ingredient, aside from
704:are a class of materials that are expected to
2626:
682:
992:is the electron density of the material and
1077:Spectral weight transfer on the Mott scale
689:
675:
29:
2811:
2788:
2769:
2720:
2659:
2579:
2509:
2409:
2292:
2223:
2203:
2162:
2093:
2032:
1928:
1845:
1318:. If the temperature is high enough that
1297:
1024:the effective bohr radius. The constant
861:is the number of nearest-neighbor atoms.
779:, one of the strongest insulators known.
2763:
2012:
1961:
1914:
1472:or composition (doping). As observed by
735:exists between anion and cation states.
1908:
1609:
1518:and the strong correlated phenomena in
960:{\displaystyle n^{-1/3}<Ca_{0}^{*},}
2855:
1884:
1616:. World Scientific. pp. 147–150.
1456:{\displaystyle N^{1/3}a_{0}\simeq 0.2}
2278:
2073:
1915:Phillips, Philip (2006). "Mottness".
1362:of energy is available per site, the
2142:
1753:
1718:
1605:
1603:
1238:A pseudogap away from half-filling (
819:electrons and the transfer integral
2706:
1888:Introduction to Solid State Physics
1721:Proceedings of the Physical Society
1686:Proceedings of the Physical Society
1651:Proceedings of the Physical Society
13:
2327:Proceedings of the Royal Society A
1520:high-temperature superconductivity
1343:
1306:at low temperatures, each 'site' (
1268:
14:
2889:
1600:
1537:and can be used to build smaller
1080:Vanishing of the single particle
895:The Mott criterion describes the
890:
767:is only partially filled, so the
656:
655:
642:
2700:
2639:
2620:
2558:
2485:
2450:
2370:
2317:
2303:10.1051/jphys:01972003301012500
1499:
771:lies within the band. From the
1878:
1825:
1790:
1712:
1677:
1638:
759:predicted to be conductors by
755:pointed out that a variety of
1:
2757:
2598:10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.177403
2528:10.1126/science.288.5472.1811
2242:10.1103/physrevlett.91.017002
2112:10.1103/physrevlett.99.046404
1923:(7). Elsevier BV: 1634–1650.
1157:have only one sign change at
2678:10.1080/10408436.2012.719131
2287:(1). EDP Sciences: 125–134.
753:Evert Johannes Willem Verwey
7:
1706:10.1088/0959-5309/49/4S/308
1671:10.1088/0959-5309/49/4S/307
1556:Dynamical mean-field theory
1548:
1050:
878:dynamical mean field theory
10:
2894:
2479:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.094518
2181:10.1103/physrevb.77.014512
2051:10.1103/physrevb.75.104503
1834:Journal of Applied Physics
1819:10.1103/RevModPhys.70.1039
1741:10.1088/0370-1298/62/7/303
1574:Metal–insulator transition
1279:metal-insulator transition
901:metal–insulator transition
831:approximation). The total
738:
733:charge-transfer insulators
708:according to conventional
242:Spin gapless semiconductor
1947:10.1016/j.aop.2006.04.003
1776:10.1103/revmodphys.40.677
1756:Reviews of Modern Physics
1562:Electronic band structure
1186:The presence of a charge
1017:{\displaystyle a_{0}^{*}}
182:Electronic band structure
2781:A Critique of Two Metals
1990:10.1103/physrevb.48.3916
1885:Kittel, Charles (2005),
1610:Fazekas, Patrik (2008).
1593:
1539:field-effect transistors
1287:electric field screening
92:Bose–Einstein condensate
23:Condensed matter physics
2709:Applied Physics Letters
2568:Physical Review Letters
2212:Physical Review Letters
2082:Physical Review Letters
757:transition metal oxides
2715:(8): 084503–084503–4.
2348:10.1098/rspa.1986.0057
1586:Variable-range hopping
1457:
1406:
1364:Boltzmann distribution
1356:
1298:Conceptual explanation
1258:
1229:
1228:{\displaystyle e<0}
1203:
1177:
1147:
1121:
1038:
1018:
986:
961:
2628:US patent 6121642
1458:
1407:
1405:{\displaystyle a_{0}}
1357:
1259:
1230:
1204:
1178:
1148:
1122:
1039:
1019:
987:
962:
712:, but turn out to be
237:Topological insulator
2863:Correlated electrons
1416:
1389:
1322:
1242:
1213:
1190:
1161:
1131:
1105:
1093:sign changes of the
1086:first Brillouin zone
1028:
996:
973:
909:
255:Electronic phenomena
102:Fermionic condensate
2830:10.1038/nature07244
2822:2008Natur.455..204J
2731:2011JAP...110h4503S
2670:2013CRSSM..38..286Z
2590:2002PhRvL..88q7403H
2520:2000Sci...288.1811H
2504:(5472): 1811–1814.
2471:2008PhRvB..77i4518M
2428:10.1038/nature07243
2420:2008Natur.454.1072K
2404:(7208): 1072–1078.
2340:1986RSPSA.405..345B
2281:Journal de Physique
2234:2003PhRvL..91a7002S
2173:2008PhRvB..77a4512C
2104:2007PhRvL..99d6404L
2043:2007PhRvB..75j4503S
1982:1993PhRvB..48.3916M
1939:2006AnPhy.321.1634P
1856:2020JAP...128v5102M
1811:1998RvMP...70.1039I
1768:1968RvMP...40..677M
1733:1949PPSA...62..416M
1698:1937PPS....49...72M
1663:1937PPS....49...59B
1474:Nevill Francis Mott
1292:Nevill Francis Mott
1257:{\displaystyle n=1}
1176:{\displaystyle n=1}
1146:{\displaystyle n=2}
1120:{\displaystyle n=0}
1013:
953:
903:. The criterion is
749:Jan Hendrik de Boer
706:conduct electricity
262:Quantum Hall effect
2095:cond-mat/0612130v3
1453:
1402:
1352:
1335:
1254:
1225:
1202:{\displaystyle 2e}
1199:
1173:
1143:
1117:
1034:
1014:
999:
985:{\displaystyle ~n}
982:
957:
939:
649:Physics portal
2878:Phase transitions
2806:(7210): 204–207.
2739:10.1063/1.3651612
2459:Physical Review B
2334:(1829): 345–353.
2151:Physical Review B
2021:Physical Review B
1970:Physical Review B
1917:Annals of Physics
1864:10.1063/5.0018604
1649:-lattice bands".
1623:978-981-02-2474-5
1490:activation energy
1334:
1060:antiferromagnetic
1037:{\displaystyle C}
978:
810:Coulomb potential
699:
698:
407:Granular material
175:Electronic phases
2885:
2873:Electric current
2849:
2815:
2794:
2792:
2790:cond-mat/9711197
2775:
2773:
2771:cond-mat/9709195
2751:
2750:
2724:
2704:
2698:
2697:
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2624:
2618:
2617:
2583:
2581:cond-mat/0102485
2562:
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2511:cond-mat/0102489
2489:
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2448:
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2413:
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2368:
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2321:
2315:
2314:
2296:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2227:
2225:cond-mat/0209118
2207:
2201:
2200:
2166:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2097:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2036:
2034:cond-mat/0602280
2016:
2010:
2009:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1932:
1930:cond-mat/0702348
1912:
1906:
1905:
1882:
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1849:
1829:
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1716:
1710:
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1642:
1636:
1635:
1607:
1516:heterostructures
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1445:
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1411:
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1408:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1327:
1283:condensed matter
1263:
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1234:
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1208:
1206:
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1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
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1149:
1144:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1095:Hall coefficient
1043:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1007:
991:
989:
988:
983:
976:
966:
964:
963:
958:
952:
947:
932:
931:
927:
885:Yoshinori Tokura
691:
684:
677:
664:
659:
658:
651:
647:
646:
267:Spin Hall effect
157:Phase transition
127:Luttinger liquid
64:States of matter
47:Phase transition
33:
19:
18:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2853:
2852:
2760:
2755:
2754:
2705:
2701:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2563:
2559:
2490:
2486:
2455:
2451:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2322:
2318:
2294:10.1.1.463.1403
2277:
2273:
2208:
2204:
2147:
2143:
2078:
2074:
2017:
2013:
1966:
1962:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1883:
1879:
1830:
1826:
1795:
1791:
1752:
1748:
1717:
1713:
1682:
1678:
1643:
1639:
1624:
1608:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1551:
1535:Mott transition
1522:, for example.
1502:
1470:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1300:
1275:Mott transition
1271:
1269:Mott transition
1243:
1240:
1239:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:band insulators
1132:
1129:
1128:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1053:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1008:
1003:
997:
994:
993:
974:
971:
970:
948:
943:
923:
916:
912:
910:
907:
906:
893:
844:
803:
741:
722:Mott transition
702:Mott insulators
695:
654:
641:
640:
633:
632:
631:
431:
423:
422:
421:
397:Amorphous solid
391:
381:
380:
379:
358:
340:
330:
329:
328:
317:
315:Antiferromagnet
308:
306:Superparamagnet
299:
286:
285:Magnetic phases
278:
277:
276:
256:
248:
247:
246:
176:
168:
167:
166:
152:Order parameter
146:
145:Phase phenomena
138:
137:
136:
66:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2891:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2868:Quantum phases
2865:
2851:
2850:
2795:
2776:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2699:
2654:(4): 286–317.
2638:
2619:
2574:(17): 177403.
2557:
2484:
2449:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2369:
2316:
2271:
2202:
2141:
2072:
2011:
1960:
1907:
1901:
1877:
1840:(22): 225102.
1824:
1799:Rev. Mod. Phys
1789:
1746:
1727:(7): 416–422.
1711:
1676:
1637:
1622:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1501:
1498:
1468:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1399:
1395:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1316:Coulomb forces
1299:
1296:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1236:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1198:
1195:
1184:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1088:
1082:Green function
1078:
1052:
1049:
1033:
1011:
1006:
1002:
981:
956:
951:
946:
942:
938:
935:
930:
926:
922:
919:
915:
897:critical point
892:
891:Mott criterion
889:
855:
854:
842:
806:
805:
801:
787:Rudolf Peierls
740:
737:
697:
696:
694:
693:
686:
679:
671:
668:
667:
666:
665:
652:
635:
634:
630:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
433:
432:
429:
428:
425:
424:
420:
419:
414:
412:Liquid crystal
409:
404:
399:
393:
392:
387:
386:
383:
382:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
353:
348:
342:
341:
338:Quasiparticles
336:
335:
332:
331:
327:
326:
321:
312:
303:
297:Superdiamagnet
294:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
275:
274:
269:
264:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
245:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
222:Thermoelectric
219:
217:Superconductor
214:
209:
204:
199:
197:Mott insulator
194:
189:
184:
178:
177:
174:
173:
170:
169:
165:
164:
159:
154:
148:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
135:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
68:
67:
62:
61:
58:
57:
55:
54:
49:
44:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2890:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2629:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:(9): 094518.
2464:
2460:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2320:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2218:(1): 017002.
2217:
2213:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2088:(4): 046404.
2087:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1902:0-471-41526-X
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:Tight binding
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1568:Hubbard model
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1529:can become a
1528:
1525:This kind of
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1464:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1368:electron hole
1365:
1349:
1338:
1331:
1328:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:semiconductor
1295:
1293:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1237:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1196:
1193:
1185:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1156:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1048:
1045:
1031:
1009:
1004:
1000:
979:
967:
954:
949:
944:
940:
936:
933:
928:
924:
920:
917:
913:
904:
902:
898:
888:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
870:Hubbard model
867:
862:
860:
852:
848:
841:
838:
837:
836:
834:
830:
829:tight binding
826:
822:
818:
814:
811:
799:
798:
797:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
743:Although the
736:
734:
729:
727:
726:Hubbard model
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:band theories
707:
703:
692:
687:
685:
680:
678:
673:
672:
670:
669:
663:
653:
650:
645:
639:
638:
637:
636:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
437:Van der Waals
435:
434:
427:
426:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
394:
390:
385:
384:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
343:
339:
334:
333:
325:
322:
320:
316:
313:
311:
307:
304:
302:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
282:
281:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
252:
251:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
232:Ferroelectric
230:
228:
227:Piezoelectric
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
202:Semiconductor
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
172:
171:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
142:
141:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
122:Superfluidity
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
65:
60:
59:
53:
50:
48:
45:
43:
40:
39:
37:
36:
32:
28:
27:
24:
21:
20:
2803:
2799:
2780:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2622:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2372:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2024:
2020:
2014:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1886:
1880:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1724:
1723:. Series A.
1720:
1714:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1612:
1534:
1524:
1503:
1500:Applications
1494:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1465:
1379:
1376:
1301:
1274:
1272:
1097:as electron
1090:
1071:
1068:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1046:
968:
905:
894:
882:
873:
865:
863:
858:
856:
850:
846:
839:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
804:→ NiO + NiO.
791:
781:
765:valence band
742:
730:
721:
701:
700:
567:von Klitzing
272:Kondo effect
196:
132:Time crystal
112:Fermi liquid
1805:(4): 1039.
1384:Bohr radius
783:Nevill Mott
773:band theory
769:Fermi level
761:band theory
745:band theory
389:Soft matter
310:Ferromagnet
2857:Categories
2758:References
1847:2003.11866
1692:(4S): 72.
1657:(4S): 59.
1412:satisfies
1101:goes from
833:energy gap
714:insulators
532:Louis NĂ©el
522:Schrieffer
430:Scientists
324:Spin glass
319:Metamagnet
301:Paramagnet
117:Supersolid
2813:0804.4009
2722:1109.5299
2686:1040-8436
2661:1212.2684
2536:0036-8075
2444:205214473
2411:0808.3816
2364:136711168
2311:0302-0738
2289:CiteSeerX
2250:0031-9007
2189:1098-0121
2164:0707.1554
2120:0031-9007
2067:119430461
2059:1098-0121
1998:0163-1829
1955:0003-4916
1872:214667402
1784:0034-6861
1632:633481726
1531:conductor
1527:insulator
1510:thin-film
1448:≃
1312:electrons
1285:. Due to
1010:∗
950:∗
918:−
849:− 2
815:between 3
612:Abrikosov
527:Josephson
497:Van Vleck
487:Luttinger
360:Polariton
292:Diamagnet
212:Conductor
207:Semimetal
192:Insulator
107:Fermi gas
2838:18784720
2747:27583830
2694:93921400
2614:30809135
2606:12005784
2544:10846160
2436:18756248
2258:12906566
2197:32553272
2136:37595030
2128:17678382
2006:10008840
1549:See also
1543:switches
1513:magnetic
1382:and the
1051:Mottness
835:is then
718:electron
662:Category
617:Ginzburg
592:Laughlin
552:Kadanoff
507:Shockley
492:Anderson
447:von Laue
97:Bose gas
2846:4426395
2818:Bibcode
2727:Bibcode
2666:Bibcode
2586:Bibcode
2552:2581764
2516:Bibcode
2498:Science
2467:Bibcode
2416:Bibcode
2356:2397982
2336:Bibcode
2266:5993172
2230:Bibcode
2169:Bibcode
2100:Bibcode
2039:Bibcode
1978:Bibcode
1935:Bibcode
1893:407–409
1852:Bibcode
1807:Bibcode
1764:Bibcode
1729:Bibcode
1694:Bibcode
1659:Bibcode
1506:physics
1372:current
1056:Mottism
899:of the
739:History
622:Leggett
597:Störmer
582:Bednorz
542:Giaever
512:Bardeen
502:Hubbard
477:Peierls
467:Onsager
417:Polymer
402:Colloid
365:Polaron
356:Plasmon
351:Exciton
2844:
2836:
2800:Nature
2745:
2692:
2684:
2634:
2612:
2604:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2442:
2434:
2398:Nature
2393:δ
2362:
2354:
2309:
2291:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2195:
2187:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2065:
2057:
2004:
1996:
1953:
1899:
1870:
1782:
1630:
1620:
1588:(Mott)
1209:(with
1099:doping
977:
969:where
857:where
660:
627:Parisi
587:MĂĽller
577:Rohrer
572:Binnig
562:Wilson
557:Fisher
517:Cooper
482:Landau
370:Magnon
346:Phonon
187:Plasma
87:Plasma
77:Liquid
42:Phases
2842:S2CID
2808:arXiv
2785:arXiv
2766:arXiv
2743:S2CID
2717:arXiv
2690:S2CID
2656:arXiv
2610:S2CID
2576:arXiv
2548:S2CID
2506:arXiv
2440:S2CID
2406:arXiv
2360:S2CID
2352:JSTOR
2262:S2CID
2220:arXiv
2193:S2CID
2159:arXiv
2132:S2CID
2090:arXiv
2063:S2CID
2029:arXiv
1925:arXiv
1868:S2CID
1842:arXiv
1594:Notes
1302:In a
1277:is a
800:(NiO)
537:Esaki
462:Bloch
457:Debye
452:Bragg
442:Onnes
375:Roton
72:Solid
2834:PMID
2682:ISSN
2602:PMID
2540:PMID
2532:ISSN
2432:PMID
2385:CaCu
2307:ISSN
2254:PMID
2246:ISSN
2185:ISSN
2124:PMID
2116:ISSN
2055:ISSN
2002:PMID
1994:ISSN
1951:ISSN
1897:ISBN
1780:ISSN
1628:OCLC
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