91:"I, Mostafa Khan of Shirvan, in my name and that of my heirs, remove myself forever from the vassalage or honors of Persia (Iran) or any other state. I declare before the entire world that I do not recognize anyone as my liege, except His Imperial Majesty, the Emperor of All the Russias and His heirs to the throne. I promise to be a loyal slave to that throne. I swear this by the Holy Qur'an."
86:
of the
Medieval era. Though Mostafa Khan was uncomfortable with Tsitsianov's proposal, the latter threatened that if he wouldn't agree with his terms, he would replace Mostafa with his younger brother (who was reportedly enthusiastic about it). Anyhow, the Russians invaded the khanate, and on 6
62:. Having "shown" what Russia is capable of in terms of power and might, Tsitsianov thereafter attempted to force the other khans into submission to Russia by intimidation and enticement. Promising "Russian protection" and the guarantee that the khans would remain in power in their domains, the
158:
amongst others, and performed attacks on Tiflis. The government then reinstated
Mostafa in Shirvan. However, just a few months later, the tide had completely turned with the Iranian army suffering decisive defeats against the militarily superior Russians. In September 1826, Abbas Mirza was
135:, died in 1819 without any heir, Yermolov annexed the entity. Realizing what was going to happen to himself, Mostafa Khan fled to mainland Iran in 1820 with his son; Yermolov did not waste any time to annex the Shirvan Khanate.
118:
took office as the new
Russian commander-in-chief in the Caucasus, in 1816. A staunch Russian imperialist, Yermolov was committed to bring the entire Caucasus under the Russian sway. He wanted to establish the
150:
led a full-scale attack in the summer of 1826 order to recover the
Iranian territories that had been lost by the Gulistan treaty. The war started off well for the Iranians; they quickly recaptured
82:, he found out that Mostafa Khan had entered negotiations with the Russians. Mostafa Khan hoped that the Russians would recognize a Shirvan Khanate "enlarged" to the boundaries of the
95:
Mostafa Khan was allowed to administer the khanate, and had to give an annual tribute in gold rubles to the
Russians. Furthermore, he had to send hostages to
436:
The 1820 Russian Survey of the
Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia
417:
The 1819 Russian Survey of the
Khanate of Sheki: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province Prior to its Annexation by Russia
123:
as the border between Iran and Russia at all costs, and was therefore determined to conquer the last remaining khanates under
Iranian rule; the
553:
167:, and thus the army had to retreat over the Aras. Mostafa Khan, accompanied by a small retinue, fled once again to mainland Iran.
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signed an agreement with
Tsitsianov on 26 May 1805. After the massacre in Ganja, Mostafa Khan asked the central government in
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142:(1813), the Russians invaded Iran's Erivan Khanate. This sparked the final bout of hostilities between the two; the
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for assistance, in order to prevent
Tsitsianov's advance. The government responded by sending an army under general
103:. Lastly, he also had to provide food and accommodation for the Russian garrisons. After Tsitsianov was killed in
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in 1806, Mostafa Khan repudiated his allegiance to the Russians, and re-submitted himself to the
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99:(Tbilisi), which had recently been annexed and transformed into the "base" of the Russian
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A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
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Mostafa Khan lived in an era of much political upheaval. It was the era of the
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474:
Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond
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A Concise History of the Armenian People: (from Ancient Times to the Present)
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79:
147:
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Frontier Nomads of Iran: A Political and Social History of the Shahsevan
47:
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of the 19th century, a period during which the Russians took the
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58:, murdered its khan and his son, and had thereby initiated the
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Iranian-Russian Encounters: Empires and Revolutions since 1800
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territories of Iran. In 1804, the Russians, led by general
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415:Bournoutian, George A. (2016a). "Quick Overview".
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87:January 1806, Mostafa Khan was forced to submit.
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377:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
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419:. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers.
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78:. However, when the general had reached the
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138:Several years later, in violation of the
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472:Dowling, Timothy C., ed. (2014).
554:People of the Russo-Persian Wars
510:Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010).
434:Bournoutian, George A. (2016b).
400:(2 ed.). Mazda Publishers.
56:sacked the Iranian town of Ganja
453:Cronin, Stephanie, ed. (2013).
392:Bournoutian, George A. (2002).
495:. Cambridge University Press.
144:Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828
60:Russo-Iranian War of 1804–1813
1:
170:
37:
7:
10:
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375:Russia and Iran, 1780-1828
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491:Tapper, Richard (1997).
438:. Gibb Memorial Trust.
373:Atkin, Muriel (1980).
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89:
209:, pp. 215, 238.
131:. When Ismail, the
114:Things changed when
101:Caucasus Viceroyalty
16:Last khan of Shirvan
544:19th-century deaths
539:18th-century births
360:, pp. 161–162.
251:, pp. 152–153.
76:Pir Qoli Khan Qajar
68:Ibrahim Khalil Khan
54:, had invaded and
44:Russo-Iranian Wars
288:Bournoutian 2016b
232:Bournoutian 2016a
161:defeated at Ganja
129:Nakchivan Khanate
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116:Aleksey Yermolov
64:khan of Karabakh
52:Pavel Tsitsianov
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146:. Crown prince
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32:khan of Shirvan
30:) was the last
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185:, p. 728.
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165:Ivan Paskevich
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125:Erivan Khanate
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514:. ABC-CLIO.
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339:Dowling 2014
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183:Dowling 2014
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84:Shirvanshahs
80:Mughan plain
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20:Mostafa Khan
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358:Tapper 1997
315:Cronin 2013
300:Tapper 1997
249:Tapper 1997
195:Tucker 2010
148:Abbas Mirza
533:Categories
327:Atkin 1980
276:Atkin 1980
264:Atkin 1980
171:References
121:Aras river
38:Biography
28:مصطفی خان
127:and the
48:Caucasus
367:Sources
24:Persian
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97:Tiflis
72:Tehran
156:Shaki
152:Ganja
516:ISBN
497:ISBN
478:ISBN
459:ISBN
440:ISBN
421:ISBN
402:ISBN
379:ISBN
109:shah
105:Baku
163:by
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