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347:) against those who associated with Hayyun and the lay leadership to issue bans against those who associated with Hagiz. This Rabbinate-lay leadership battle soon involved rabbis from across Europe as Hagiz rallied the Rabbis against Hayyun, perhaps as part of his life goal of reestablishing Rabbinic supremacy in Jewish affairs. After Hayyun was banished from Amsterdam, Hagiz would encounter him again during later fights against Sabbateanism in the 1720s and 1730s. Hayyun and Hagiz both wrote many books attacking each other on both personal and theosophical bases.
326:. His teacher Abraham Yitzchaki was a fierce anti-Sabbatean after the apostasy. Moses's maternal grandfather was probably a Sabbatean prophet, and under his leadership in Jerusalem the Sabbatean community grew. Moses' father-in-law Raphael Mordecai Malachi was a crypto-Sabbatean leader in Jerusalem and this perhaps led to his falling out with Hagiz. For much of Moses's travels after leaving Jerusalem, Malachi caused immense problems.
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220:. During Hagiz's lifetime, there was an overall decline in rabbinic authority which was the result of migration and assimilation, and Hagiz devoted his career to restoring rabbinic authority. His most prominent talent was as a polemicist, and he campaigned ceaselessly against Jewish heresy in an attempt to unify the rabbinate.
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Hagiz was instrumental in the
Eastern European anti-Sabbatean campaigns of the 1720s and 1730s, writing letters and books against Sabbatean thinking, and rallying the support of communities throughout the Jewish world. Later, Hagiz would also be a major figure in the controversies concerning
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describes Hagiz in one letter as a person who loves to quarrel and eager to criticize people's works, and that in one instance he criticized an author in regards to a claim that turned out to be an old Jewish tradition predating the author many hundreds of years.
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Moses Hagiz was not only a great
Talmudic scholar, but also a man of wider secular learning than most of the rabbis of his time. According to Wolf, who knew him personally, he understood several languages and was somewhat familiar with modern history (see his
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has been interpolated by later scribes (ib. No. 108). In regard to his character reports differ; some represent him as filled with sincere religious zeal, others as a contentious wrangler. Rabbi
Yeshayahu Basan the mentor and staunchest defender of
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When Hagiz came to
Amsterdam he immediately became embroiled in disputes with the Sephardic lay leadership, criticizing their lax religious observance and their anti-Rabbinic attitudes. When
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of his father. Somewhat later he went to
Amsterdam, where he supported himself by teaching, and occupied himself with the publication of his works. In Amsterdam he made the acquaintance of
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Other works of his remained unpublished. He also wrote numerous prefaces to the books of others. His writings are signed "המני"ח", the letters of "Moses ibn Jacob Hagiz." (Among
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From an early age, Hagiz was exposed to both
Sabbatean and anti-Sabbatean leaders. Moses's father Jacob was the leading rabbi in Jerusalem in 1666 and issued a ban against
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arrived in
Amsterdam and the Sephardic community agreed to publish his books, Hagiz, with the help of Hakham Tzvi Ashkenazi, began a crusade against his apparent
271:, the protector of his family, a promise of further support; but his Palestinian enemies slandered him and ruined his prospects. He subsequently wandered through
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to collect a claim which his mother had against the congregation, but succeeded only in making bitter enemies who later persecuted him.
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describes him as a time-server, and even as religiously insincere, though he respected him as a friend of his father.
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295:. This step, however, made more enemies for him, and, like Tzvi Ashkenazi, he had to leave the city (1714).
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Returning to
Jerusalem, he was given letters of recommendation nominating him as a rabbinical emissary or
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232:, died while Moses was still a child. The latter was therefore educated by his maternal grandfather,
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Nos. 627 and 682); he advocated the study of secular sciences (ib. No. 114), and admitted that the
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216:. He was also one of the most prominent and influential Jewish leaders in 17th-century
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was withdrawn, and Hagiz found himself in very straitened circumstances. He went to
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x., passim, especially pp. 479–482, where the older sources are quoted;
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606: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The
Pursuit of Heresy: Rabbi Moses Hagiz and the Sabbatian Controversies
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congregation, and assisted him in unmasking the impostor
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259:(study hall) which he intended to establish. At Rashid (
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for this purpose. Arriving at Livorno, he secured from
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Restoring rabbinic authority, anti-Sabbatean campaigns
302:; he then returned to Palestine, settling first at
27:Talmudic scholar, rabbi, and writer (1671–c. 1750)
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496:was used in its ending form to represent the
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529:, New York: Columbia University Press,
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653:Sephardi rabbis from Ottoman Palestine
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430:(Amsterdam, 1713 and Wandsbeck, 1727)
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97:Daughter of Raphael Mordecai Malachi
420:for Jews (Amsterdam, 1697 and 1707)
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615:; et al., eds. (1901–1906).
484:on the land of Yisrael (ib. 1733)
416:on the religious significance of
668:18th-century rabbis in Jerusalem
625:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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639:, Megillat Sefer, Warsaw, 1896.
175:Talmudic scholar, rabbi, writer
678:Authors of books on Jewish law
593:pp. 117–122, Warsaw, 1896
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581:Igros Ramchal, Igeres No. 145
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253:sent to obtain support for a
683:Shelichei derabonan (rabbis)
500:word "ibn", meaning son of)
406:, Amsterdam, 1697 and 1707;
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234:Moses Galante (the Younger)
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622:The Jewish Encyclopedia
212:during the time of the
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482:Parashat Eleh Mas'ei,
70:Safed, Ottoman Empire
454:Perurei Pat haKemaḥ,
353:Moses Chaim Luzzatto
287:, then rabbi of the
156:Parashat Eleh Mas'ei
673:Rabbis from Hamburg
521:Carlebach, Elisheva
478:responsa (ib. 1733)
208:and writer born in
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572:3d ed., x. 479-482
446:commentary on the
192:(1671 – c. 1750) (
627:Its bibliography:
543:on April 27, 2005
536:978-0-231-07190-1
472:ethics (ib. 1733)
470:Mishnaṭ Hakhamim,
460:(Amsterdam, 1727)
450:(Wandsbeck, 1726)
436:polemics against
318:Anti-Sabbateanism
312:Hezekiah da Silva
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658:1671 births
637:Jacob Emden
554:Bibl. Hebr.
426:on the 613
414:Sefat Emet,
404:Yoreh De'ah
400:OraH Hayyim
380:Jacob Emden
279:(1704) the
230:Jacob Hagiz
190:Moses Hagiz
105:Jacob Hagiz
76:Nationality
34:Moses Hagiz
18:Moses Ḥagiz
647:Categories
507:References
289:Ashkenazic
214:Old Yishuv
172:Occupation
121:Sefat Emet
418:Palestine
224:Biography
218:Amsterdam
210:Jerusalem
204:scholar,
180:Relatives
556:iii. 908
523:(1990),
202:Talmudic
200:) was a
198:משה חגיז
47:Personal
41:משה חגיז
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448:Mishnah
375:Luzzato
265:Livorno
261:Rosetta
238:Livorno
67:c. 1750
570:Gesch.
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498:Arabic
438:Hayyun
300:Altona
277:Venice
250:shadar
194:Hebrew
102:Parent
94:Spouse
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566:Grätz
370:Zohar
359:Works
344:herem
308:Safed
304:Sidon
273:Italy
242:Safed
206:rabbi
531:ISBN
492:the
402:and
269:Vega
64:Died
55:1671
52:Born
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