44:
372:
96:
71:
238:
812:
Use of bayberry in herbalism has declined since its peak in popularity in the 19th century. The plant is still used today in the treatment of fever, diarrhea, and a few other ailments. The chemical myricitrin has anti-fever properties. In addition, that chemical, along with the tannins, has
511:
is fire-resistant. By 1991, no known fire had killed this plant's roots. However, this plant will not survive repeated destruction of its top growth indefinitely. Three consecutive years of burning may kill all plants affected.
494:
unless the fire is very small or transient. In the latter situation, only the most recent primary growth may be incinerated. Because the leaves, stem, and branches contain flammable aromatic compounds, a specimen of
842:
action relating to cancer is unclear, with studies indicating both pro and anti-cancer effects. Bayberry, just like any other medicinal plant, should only be used under the supervision of a physician.
862:. The wax was extracted by boiling the berries, and skimming off the floating hydrocarbons. The fats were then boiled again and then strained. After that the liquid was usable in
420:
This species occurs in two forms, but there is no clear dividing line between them, many intermediate forms occurring. Specimens in drier and sandier areas are shrub-like, have
1387:
2101:
1358:
866:, whether through dipping or molding. Southern bayberry is not the only plant usable for making bayberry candles, however. Its close relatives are also usable.
1333:
525:
within its native range, the shrub has been documented rapidly expanding into grasslands impacting ecosystem function and landscape-level resistance to
878:
1972:
1700:
686:. Those dubbed Fairfax, Jamaica Road, and Don's Dwarf differ from the "typical" specimen in habit and form. The latter two are also resistant to
1765:
2091:
723:
715:
1804:
452:
will also provide habitat for the northern bobwhite quail. Birds' digestive systems remove the wax from the fruit, a prerequisite for
1391:
1920:
1648:
678:
in areas colder than zone 6. Since the species is adaptable, it will tolerate many conditions, although it has a need for frequent
515:
After less damaging fires, new shoots will regrow from below ground. This regrowth is most rapid in the first season after a fire.
1985:
1933:
1713:
1661:
1221:
560:
352:. Wax Myrtle can be successfully cultivated as far north as the New York City area and southern Ohio Valley. It also grows in
1744:
1276:
1718:
1217:
2126:
1990:
645:
The leaves can be washed, dried, and used to season stews or cooking sauces. The berries can also be used as seasoning.
2111:
2106:
1504:
1039:
2121:
2116:
1477:
1452:
1424:
1366:
974:
529:. While climate change plays a large role in this, the mechanism responsible is the shrub's ability to alter its own
797:. That use of bayberry waned later in the 19th century, in favor of using it for a variety of ailments, including a
2063:
17:
2131:
1959:
1770:
1687:
1362:
909:
910:
IUCN SSC Global Tree
Specialist Group.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; et al. (BGCI) (2020).
537:'s ability to partner with nitrogen-fixing bacteria makes it a significant threat to native Hawai'ian forests.
424:
and smaller leaves. Those growing in damper situations with richer soil are more tree-like with bigger leaves.
2029:
1822:
1998:
769:. In 1722, it was reported that colonists in Louisiana drank a mixture of wax and hot water to treat severe
1912:
1077:
1001:
793:
recommended this plant for producing "heat" within the body and as a treatment for infectious diseases and
869:
Southern bayberry and its relatives have largely been supplanted in candlemaking by substitutes made from
405:-like coating. The species flowers from late winter to spring, and bear fruit in late summer or fall. No
1666:
930:
2024:
1938:
1817:
1337:
1099:"Decreased temperature variance associated with biotic composition enhances coastal shrub encroachment"
349:
2068:
1739:
1640:
1560:
393:, with male and female flowers borne in catkins on separate plants. Male flowers have three or four
863:
522:
389:
are long, have a leathery texture and serrated edges, and contain aromatic compounds. The plant is
291:
95:
1757:
1069:
1809:
414:
317:, reaching up to 14m tall. It is adaptable to many habitats, growing naturally in wetlands, near
1977:
1907:
1731:
1705:
1522:
1006:
1312:
552:
526:
361:
212:
1783:
1612:
1175:
1110:
603:
911:
8:
1268:
670:
597:
60:
1796:
1571:
1179:
1114:
401:. The female flowers develop into fruit, which are globular and surrounded by a natural
2050:
1843:
1199:
1139:
1098:
806:
564:
90:
1894:
1778:
1599:
1500:
1473:
1448:
1420:
1282:
1272:
1191:
1144:
1126:
1035:
970:
813:
anti-diarrheal properties. Myricitrin works as an antibiotic, while the tannins have
476:
334:
43:
1203:
1162:
Kurten, Erin L.; Snyder, Carolyn P.; Iwata, Terri; Vitousek, Peter M. (2008-01-01).
371:
2055:
1899:
1848:
1604:
1183:
1134:
1118:
925:
874:
805:. For twenty years starting in 1916, bayberry root bark was listed in the American
1886:
2096:
2011:
1875:
345:
295:
133:
2003:
1311:. Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service,
1241:
1164:"Morella cerifera invasion and nitrogen cycling on a lowland Hawaiian lava flow"
521:
has exhibited aggressive behavior in both native and non-native habitat. On the
270:
native to North and
Central America and the Caribbean. Its common names include
1791:
1581:
1545:
1122:
790:
743:
682:. It can handle abuse from bad pruning, however. The species has at least four
665:
621:
433:
383:
120:
1187:
893:
was also used to make scented bayberry soap by early North-American settlers.
2085:
1726:
1286:
1195:
1130:
916:
460:
441:
246:
228:
80:
75:
1163:
432:
The fruit is a source of food for many bird species, including the northern
2042:
1835:
1499:. Montreal, PQ: The Reader's Digest Association Canada. 1981. p. 372.
1148:
870:
661:
530:
468:
445:
341:
can weather coastal storms, long droughts, and tropical high temperatures.
2016:
1591:
1264:
Edible Wild Plants: A North
American Field Guide to Over 200 Natural Foods
1262:
1946:
1925:
1752:
1674:
1554:
774:
739:
695:
508:
500:
480:
464:
453:
437:
330:
1653:
1302:
814:
773:. Bayberry was reported in an account from 1737 as being used to treat
755:
711:
179:
1951:
1679:
27:
Species of flowering evergreen shrub in the Myrtle family (Myricaceae)
1625:
855:
835:
821:
770:
747:
727:
719:
707:
687:
657:
406:
390:
357:
326:
260:
1516:
2037:
1869:
1830:
1539:
829:
825:
794:
683:
629:
491:
146:
1964:
1692:
1630:
1497:
Back to the Basics - How to Learn and Enjoy Our
Traditional Skills
1304:
881:
that create candles that look and smell similar to natural ones.
802:
798:
786:
762:
679:
472:
421:
353:
169:
1097:
Wood, Lauren K.; Hays, Spencer; Zinnert, Julie C. (2020-05-19).
1617:
859:
839:
751:
731:
616:
547:
394:
322:
189:
159:
237:
782:
778:
766:
735:
608:
398:
318:
314:
267:
107:
850:
Southern bayberry's fruits are a traditional source of the
710:. The plant contains several organic compounds, including:
386:
310:
263:
1303:
Edward F. Gilman & Dennis G. Watson (November 1993).
1161:
1002:"Myrica cerifera in Flora of North America @ efloras.org"
851:
402:
765:
boiled bayberry and used the result as a treatment for
368:
is often one of the first plants to colonize an area.
1067:
503:. In contrast to the flammability of its top growth,
789:. Starting in the early 19th century, the herbalist
2102:
Plants used in traditional Native
American medicine
931:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T152858227A152906779.en
440:. In winter, the seeds are important foods for the
1032:Tropical & Subtropical Trees: An Encyclopaedia
1467:
1442:
1414:
964:
2083:
1438:
1436:
1410:
1408:
1029:
969:. The Reader's Digest Association. p. 236.
628:, which refers to some fragrant plant (possibly
1096:
1461:
746:. Myricadiol has a slight impact on levels of
1433:
1405:
1261:Elias, Thomas S.; Dykeman, Peter A. (2009) .
1218:"ITIS Standard Report Page: Morella cerifera"
1260:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
838:women should not use bayberry. In addition,
1315:Institute of Food and Agricultural Services
1242:"Southern Bayberry (Morella caroliniensis)"
706:Bayberry root bark has a history of use in
533:. On the other side of the US, in Hawai'i,
632:). The specific name means "wax-bearing".
236:
69:
42:
1380:
1356:
1138:
945:
929:
832:and a topical paste have also been used.
726:, as well as chemicals such as different
664:. It has been commonly grown in American
889:Wax extracted from boiling the fruit of
467:, which harbor a symbiotic genus of the
370:
1491:
1489:
1298:
1296:
1222:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
561:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
14:
2084:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1521:
1520:
1234:
1025:
1023:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
1486:
1350:
1293:
967:The Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants
290:. It has uses in the garden and for
2092:IUCN Red List least concern species
1326:
1210:
1048:
917:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
1388:"Select Myrica cerifera cultivars"
1020:
983:
25:
2143:
2030:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:166220-2
1823:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164286-2
1472:. Rhodale Press. pp. 70–1.
563:. This species also has several
94:
1363:North Carolina State University
1254:
1074:Fire Effects Information System
1155:
1090:
1068:Timothy R. Van Deelen (1991).
903:
873:. The substitute candles have
397:, and are surrounded by short
301:
13:
1:
1447:. Rhodale Press. p. 70.
1419:. Rhodale Press. p. 69.
1034:. Timber Press. p. 290.
896:
648:
545:This plant is one of several
479:gas at a faster rate than do
337:and mixed-broadleaf forests.
1078:United States Forest Service
858:decorations called bayberry
701:
7:
2127:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
758:has antibiotic properties.
754:, while a substance called
585:Myrica cerifera var. pumila
551:species that are sometimes
540:
486:The above-ground growth of
375:The male and female flowers
10:
2148:
1468:Michael Castleman (1991).
1443:Michael Castleman (1991).
1415:Michael Castleman (1991).
1338:Louisiana State University
1123:10.1038/s41598-020-65161-3
965:Andrew Chevallier (1996).
924:: e.T152858227A152906779.
845:
427:
350:southeastern United States
344:In nature, it ranges from
2112:Flora of Northern America
2107:Trees of Northern America
1859:
1529:
1359:"Shrubs: Myrica cerifera"
1188:10.1007/s10530-007-9101-5
1030:Margaret Barwick (2004).
607:. These plants' scent or
409:is present on the seeds.
244:
235:
218:
211:
91:Scientific classification
89:
67:
58:
50:
41:
34:
2122:Plants described in 1753
2117:Flora of Central America
523:Virginia barrier islands
884:
640:
635:
2132:Flora of the Caribbean
1007:Flora of North America
611:can distinguish them.
376:
1313:University of Florida
1309:: Southern Waxmyrtle"
820:In general, either a
382:is an evergreen. The
374:
348:, northward into the
329:, fields, hillsides,
54:near a body of water
1168:Biological Invasions
245:Native range in the
1180:2008BiInv..10...19K
1115:2020NatSR..10.8210W
577:Cerothamnus pumilus
490:is often killed by
272:southern wax myrtle
61:Conservation status
1506:-0-88850-098-X
1357:Erv Evans (2003).
1103:Scientific Reports
912:"Morella cerifera"
854:for old-fashioned
807:National Formulary
415:reproduce clonally
377:
2079:
2078:
1779:Open Tree of Life
1523:Taxon identifiers
1470:The Healing Herbs
1445:The Healing Herbs
1417:The Healing Herbs
1334:"Myrica cerifera"
1278:978-1-4027-6715-9
1070:"Myrica cerifera"
875:artificial colors
801:use for bleeding
614:The generic name
417:through runners.
276:southern bayberry
252:
251:
84:
16:(Redirected from
2139:
2072:
2071:
2059:
2058:
2046:
2045:
2033:
2032:
2020:
2019:
2007:
2006:
2004:NBNSYS0000003632
1994:
1993:
1981:
1980:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1954:
1942:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1915:
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1594:
1585:
1584:
1575:
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1565:
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1563:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1531:Morella cerifera
1518:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1390:. Archived from
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1365:. Archived from
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1300:
1291:
1290:
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1232:
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1214:
1208:
1207:
1159:
1153:
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1142:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1065:
1046:
1045:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
998:
981:
980:
962:
943:
942:
940:
938:
933:
907:
674:substitutes for
604:M. caroliniensis
240:
224:
204:M. cerifera
99:
98:
78:
73:
72:
46:
32:
31:
21:
18:Morella cerifera
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2036:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2012:Observation.org
2010:
2002:
1997:
1989:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1963:
1958:
1950:
1945:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1898:
1893:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1861:Myrica cerifera
1855:
1847:
1842:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1777:
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1717:
1712:
1704:
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1686:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1603:
1598:
1590:
1588:
1580:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1561:Myrica cerifera
1559:
1558:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1525:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1495:
1494:
1487:
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1466:
1462:
1455:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1413:
1406:
1397:
1395:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1307:Myrica cerifera
1301:
1294:
1279:
1271:. p. 174.
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1226:
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1216:
1215:
1211:
1160:
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1082:
1080:
1066:
1049:
1042:
1028:
1021:
1012:
1010:
1000:
999:
984:
977:
963:
946:
936:
934:
908:
904:
899:
891:Myrica cerifera
887:
848:
704:
671:M. pensylvanica
666:hardiness zones
654:Myrica cerifera
651:
643:
638:
598:M. pensylvanica
593:Myrica cerifera
567:aside from the
555:into the genus
543:
444:and species of
430:
346:Central America
307:Myrica cerifera
304:
296:medicinal plant
294:, as well as a
256:Myrica cerifera
231:
226:
222:Myrica cerifera
220:
207:
93:
85:
74:
70:
63:
52:Myrica cerifera
36:Myrica cerifera
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2060:
2056:wfo-0000447382
2047:
2034:
2021:
2008:
1995:
1982:
1969:
1956:
1943:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1891:
1881:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:wfo-0000448186
1840:
1827:
1814:
1801:
1788:
1775:
1762:
1749:
1736:
1723:
1710:
1697:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1596:
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1566:
1551:
1535:
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1526:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1485:
1478:
1460:
1453:
1432:
1425:
1404:
1379:
1349:
1325:
1292:
1277:
1253:
1233:
1209:
1154:
1089:
1047:
1041:978-0881926613
1040:
1019:
982:
975:
944:
901:
900:
898:
895:
886:
883:
847:
844:
791:Samuel Thomson
703:
700:
696:dwarf cultivar
650:
647:
642:
639:
637:
634:
595:is similar to
589:Myrica pusilla
559:, e.g. in the
542:
539:
477:fixes nitrogen
448:. To a point,
434:bobwhite quail
429:
426:
360:. In terms of
333:, and in both
303:
300:
250:
249:
242:
241:
233:
232:
227:
216:
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209:
208:
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144:
137:
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124:
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118:
111:
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105:
101:
100:
87:
86:
68:
65:
64:
59:
56:
55:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2144:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1785:
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1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1754:
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1741:
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1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
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1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
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1642:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1583:
1577:
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1567:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1541:
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1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1479:0-87857-934-6
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1392:the original
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1306:
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1236:
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1212:
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662:horticulture
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581:C. ceriferus
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518:
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505:M. cerifera'
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469:actinorhizal
465:root nodules
458:
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431:
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288:tallow shrub
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1947:iNaturalist
1797:kew-2501792
1753:NatureServe
1675:iNaturalist
1555:Wikispecies
1109:(1): 8210.
775:convulsions
712:triterpenes
676:M. cerifera
535:M. cerifera
527:disturbance
519:M. cerifera
509:root system
501:fire hazard
497:M. cerifera
488:M. cerifera
454:germination
450:M. cerifera
438:wild turkey
411:M. cerifera
380:M. cerifera
366:M. cerifera
339:M. cerifera
309:is a small
302:Description
280:candleberry
259:is a small
134:Angiosperms
2086:Categories
1792:Plant List
1398:2008-01-24
1373:2008-01-24
1343:2019-07-08
1319:2008-01-24
1247:2014-05-27
1227:2008-01-07
1083:2008-01-13
1013:2008-01-08
897:References
815:astringent
756:myricitrin
728:flavonoids
724:taraxerone
716:myricadiol
649:Ornamental
471:bacteria,
362:succession
335:coniferous
327:sand dunes
180:Myricaceae
1926:106344218
1913:233500790
1876:Q15377365
1732:152858227
1287:244766414
1196:1573-1464
1131:2045-2322
856:Christmas
830:Infusions
828:is used.
822:decoction
771:dysentery
748:potassium
720:taraxerol
708:herbalism
702:Herbalism
688:leaf spot
684:cultivars
658:gardening
492:wildfires
413:can also
407:endosperm
391:dioecious
384:glandular
358:Caribbean
313:or large
266:or large
261:evergreen
198:Species:
104:Kingdom:
2043:21700027
2038:Tropicos
1978:11111179
1965:321936-2
1870:Wikidata
1836:21700096
1831:Tropicos
1758:2.140133
1706:11309793
1693:164286-2
1589:BioLib:
1546:Q1109693
1540:Wikidata
1269:Sterling
1204:24211293
1149:32427910
871:paraffin
836:Pregnant
826:tincture
795:diarrhea
787:seizures
714:such as
630:tamarisk
565:synonyms
541:Taxonomy
463:possess
436:and the
422:rhizomes
356:and the
176:Family:
147:Eudicots
81:IUCN 3.1
1740:MoBotPF
1654:3168995
1176:Bibcode
1140:7237465
1111:Bibcode
937:2 April
860:candles
846:Candles
799:topical
763:Choctaw
744:phenols
732:tannins
690:. Var.
680:pruning
575:split:
573:Morella
557:Morella
481:legumes
473:Frankia
428:Ecology
395:stamens
354:Bermuda
323:streams
186:Genus:
170:Fagales
166:Order:
108:Plantae
79: (
2097:Myrica
2069:418705
2017:119931
1952:278990
1887:200749
1884:APDB:
1805:PLANTS
1784:791123
1745:366364
1719:507899
1680:119956
1667:413128
1641:morcer
1638:FEIS:
1618:482019
1592:163691
1569:AoFP:
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879:scents
840:tannin
785:, and
767:fevers
752:sodium
742:, and
736:resins
722:, and
692:pumila
626:myrike
617:Myrica
609:fruits
587:, and
569:Myrica
548:Myrica
475:which
399:bracts
387:leaves
319:rivers
286:, and
191:Myrica
160:Rosids
2064:WoRMS
1991:19261
1973:IRMNG
1939:24839
1900:458D2
1810:MOCE2
1701:IRMNG
1631:MYRCE
1605:44CWQ
1579:APA:
1200:S2CID
824:or a
783:palsy
779:colic
694:is a
624:word
622:Greek
553:split
461:roots
315:shrub
268:shrub
154:Clade
141:Clade
128:Clade
115:Clade
2025:POWO
1986:ITIS
1960:IPNI
1934:GRIN
1921:GBIF
1818:POWO
1771:3510
1766:NCBI
1727:IUCN
1714:ITIS
1688:IPNI
1662:GRIN
1649:GBIF
1626:EPPO
1582:2685
1572:3942
1501:ISBN
1474:ISBN
1449:ISBN
1421:ISBN
1283:OCLC
1273:ISBN
1192:ISSN
1145:PMID
1127:ISSN
1036:ISBN
971:ISBN
939:2020
922:2020
885:Soap
877:and
803:gums
761:The
750:and
740:gums
660:and
641:Food
636:Uses
601:and
321:and
311:tree
264:tree
2051:WFO
1999:NBN
1908:FNA
1895:CoL
1844:WFO
1613:EoL
1600:CoL
1184:doi
1135:PMC
1119:doi
926:doi
852:wax
403:wax
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