3241:
27:
140:
Sapontzis argues that nonhuman animals have interests, and that it is the existence of these interests that justifies their inclusion in the moral community. He writes that human beings should extend to animals the same moral protection for the latter's interests that we enjoy for our own. Sapontzis
171:
and whether humans have an obligation to help these animals. He questions the view that aiding these individuals is ridiculous or absurd, instead arguing that if we have the means to help an individual suffering in such a situation, we should do so; as long as we do not inflict a greater harm in the
149:
Aristotle thought that men were naturally superior to women and Greeks naturally superior to other races; Victorians thought white men had to shoulder the burden of being superior to savages; and Nazis thought Aryans were a master race. We have come to reject these and many other supposedly natural
159:
The claim that rationality should be prerequisite for moral consideration is challenged by
Sapontzis, who argues that the experience of pain is not greater if an individual is more intelligent and that the opposite may well be the case, as individuals who lack the capacity to understand
150:
hierarchies; the history of what we consider moral progress can be viewed as, in large part, the replacement of hierarchical worldviews with a presumption in favor of forms of egalitarianism. This substitution places the burden of proof on those who would
154:
equal consideration to the interests of all concerned, rather than on those who seek such consideration. Consequently, some reason is needed to justify the fairness of maintaining a hierarchical worldview when we are dealing with
3319:
1121:
176:
position and that of environmentalists who are against helping animals suffering in these situations. These ideas were anteceded by his 1984 paper, "Predation".
3377:
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510:
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201:
101:
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132:, that examines whether humans should give moral consideration to nonhuman animals and the practical implications of this.
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1982:
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108:
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26:
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1987:
1952:
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2063:
2017:
2012:
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1645:
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173:
3644:
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2042:
1972:
1957:
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1369:
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1234:
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856:
813:
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778:
753:
713:
668:
576:
164:
they are experiencing pain in a certain situation may suffer more as a result.
3683:
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3304:
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2002:
1997:
1992:
1977:
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1399:
1384:
1364:
1339:
1304:
1284:
1249:
1152:
985:
728:
688:
586:
556:
431:
383:
349:
323:
272:
55:
1947:
145:
should shift toward those who argue against equal consideration for animals:
3613:
3578:
3558:
2351:
2193:
2183:
2032:
2007:
1917:
1912:
1897:
1857:
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1600:
1540:
1479:
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1010:
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718:
638:
263:
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115:
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375:
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1061:
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768:
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723:
658:
196:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Temple University Press. p. 107.
1760:
678:
628:
990:
944:
603:
400:
541:
443:
221:"30 years since the publication of Morals, reason and animals"
2614:
1205:
109:
3320:
Relationship between animal ethics and environmental ethics
2386:
172:
process. Sapontzis makes a clear distinction between his
1122:
University of
California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
3378:
Moral
Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
2641:
Moral
Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
291:"Steve F. Sapontzis, "Morals, Reason, and Animals.""
3681:
501:List of international animal welfare conventions
333:"Critical Notice of Morals, Reason, and Animals"
312:Denver Journal of International Law & Policy
2793:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
2224:
3275:
416:
506:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
2468:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
2412:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
444:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
3282:
3268:
423:
409:
25:
3289:
2615:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
2552:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
391:
348:
262:
244:
191:
167:Sapontzis also investigates the issue of
2673:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
930:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
288:
521:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
128:is a 1987 book by American philosopher
3682:
598:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
330:
305:
3263:
2809:Political Animals and Animal Politics
2613:
2397:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
2322:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
2223:
1204:
734:Concentrated animal feeding operation
511:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
466:Animal rights by country or territory
442:
404:
357:
2540:Animalist Party with the Environment
827:Animal testing on non-human primates
215:
213:
2964:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
1174:World Day for the End of Speciesism
13:
3089:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
2432:United Activists for Animal Rights
2342:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
481:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
282:
14:
3736:
3715:Books about wild animal suffering
2633:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
2593:Animal Rights National Conference
2516:Animal Protection Party of Canada
2473:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
2327:Chinese Animal Protection Network
2252:American Anti-Vivisection Society
1731:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
486:Animal rights in Indian religions
476:Animal rights and punk subculture
430:
210:
3240:
3239:
2801:Animal Rights Without Liberation
2452:Voice for Animals Humane Society
1184:World Day for the End of Fishing
1179:World Day for Laboratory Animals
609:Equal consideration of interests
358:Smith, Jane A (September 1991).
2522:Animal Justice Party of Finland
2407:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
1621:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
1209:(academics, writers, activists)
1102:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
16:1987 book by Steve F. Sapontzis
2745:Animals, Property, and the Law
822:Alternatives to animal testing
491:Christianity and animal rights
308:"Morals, Reasons, and Animals"
289:De Roose, Frank (March 1988).
238:
185:
1:
3725:Temple University Press books
2382:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
1092:Cambridge University primates
624:Ethics of uncertain sentience
306:Chopra, Sudhir (2020-05-12).
179:
3402:Nature Red in Tooth and Claw
2442:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
592:Argument from marginal cases
360:"Morals, Reason and Animals"
331:Nelson, James (1990-10-01).
192:Sapontzis, Steve F. (1981).
20:Morals, Reason, and Animals
7:
3394:Morals, Reason, and Animals
2729:Morals, Reason, and Animals
2357:Farm Animal Rights Movement
2307:Anonymous for the Voiceless
996:International primate trade
471:Anarchism and animal rights
194:Morals, Reason, and Animals
125:Morals, Reason, and Animals
10:
3741:
3720:Environmental ethics books
3705:Books about animal testing
2849:Making a Stand for Animals
2721:The Case for Animal Rights
2372:Hunt Saboteurs Association
2332:Cruelty Free International
2302:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
832:Animal testing regulations
135:
3710:Books about vegetarianism
3700:Books about animal rights
3627:
3476:
3469:
3461:Wildlife Disaster Network
3443:
3433:Animal Ethics in the Wild
3369:
3343:
3297:
3235:
3208:
3155:
3105:
3045:
3038:
3004:The Ghosts in Our Machine
2859:
2841:Animal Ethics in the Wild
2624:
2620:
2609:
2585:
2496:
2460:
2277:Animal Legal Defense Fund
2244:
2237:
2233:
2219:
2056:
1780:
1773:
1576:William Hamilton Drummond
1518:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1200:
1161:
1140:
1079:
1029:
971:
943:
935:Welfare of farmed insects
880:
812:
704:
697:
562:Animal–industrial complex
529:
453:
449:
438:
364:Journal of Medical Ethics
245:Sapontzis, Steve (1984).
107:
95:
87:
79:
69:
61:
51:
43:
33:
24:
3082:Journal of Animal Ethics
2948:Your Mommy Kills Animals
2337:Direct Action Everywhere
1746:Johann Heinrich Winckler
1691:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
1148:Direct Action Everywhere
852:Huntingdon Life Sciences
837:Labcorp Drug Development
794:Feedback (pork industry)
759:Intensive animal farming
496:History of animal rights
350:10.15368/bts.1990v6n4.11
141:argues further that the
3217:Holocaust on your Plate
2988:An Apology to Elephants
2769:Do Animals Have Rights?
2705:Animals, Men and Morals
2681:Better-World Philosophy
2558:Italian Animalist Party
2437:United Poultry Concerns
2392:Last Chance for Animals
2287:Animal Liberation Front
2174:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
664:Replaceability argument
582:Animal-free agriculture
74:Temple University Press
3690:1987 non-fiction books
3456:Wild Animal Initiative
3190:Salvation of Innocents
2737:Zoos and Animal Rights
2312:Beauty Without Cruelty
2272:Animal Justice Project
1611:John Zephaniah Holwell
1265:Stephen St. C. Bostock
842:Great ape research ban
461:Animal rights movement
264:10.15368/ea.1984v5n2.1
157:
3386:The Universal Kinship
3291:Wild animal suffering
3209:Fairs and exhibitions
3096:The Animals' Defender
3068:Cahiers antispécistes
2996:Speciesism: The Movie
2817:Animal (De)liberation
2777:Striking at the Roots
2689:The Universal Kinship
2649:The Rights of Animals
2570:People Animals Nature
2564:Party for the Animals
2377:In Defense of Animals
2139:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
1531:David Renaud Boullier
1117:Silver Spring monkeys
1016:Wild animal suffering
925:Pain in invertebrates
764:Intensive pig farming
654:Opposition to hunting
619:Ethics of eating meat
169:wild animal suffering
147:
3417:Sentientist Politics
2825:Sentientist Politics
2753:The Lives of Animals
2504:Animal Justice Party
2317:Born Free Foundation
2154:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
2028:Wendy Turner-Webster
1741:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
963:Recreational fishing
804:Ventilation shutdown
572:Animal protectionism
552:Animal consciousness
376:10.1136/jme.17.3.167
295:Philosophy in Review
3695:Animal ethics books
3594:Stephen R. L. Clark
3335:Wild animal welfare
3249:( 139 )
3075:Etica & Animali
3061:Between the Species
2785:An American Trilogy
2478:Humanitarian League
2089:Frances Power Cobbe
1706:Arthur Schopenhauer
1701:Henry Stephens Salt
1581:Edward Payson Evans
1275:Stephen R. L. Clark
1132:War of the currents
1021:Wildlife management
915:Pain in crustaceans
910:Pain in cephalopods
337:Between the Species
21:
3604:Steve F. Sapontzis
3589:Holmes Rolston III
3499:J. Baird Callicott
3425:Wild Animal Ethics
3012:Unlocking the Cage
2833:Wild Animal Ethics
2657:The Ethics of Diet
2534:Animalist Movement
2510:Animal Politics EU
2422:Sentience Politics
2048:That Vegan Teacher
1666:Siobhan O'Sullivan
1651:José Ferrater Mora
1460:Steve F. Sapontzis
953:Commercial fishing
905:Pain in amphibians
895:Cruelty to animals
867:Operation Backfire
706:Animal agriculture
614:Emotion in animals
251:Ethics and Animals
130:Steve F. Sapontzis
38:Steve F. Sapontzis
19:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3569:William MacAskill
3489:Jacy Reese Anthis
3315:Predation problem
3257:
3256:
3250:
3231:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3198:Onward to Freedom
3166:Animal Liberation
3151:
3150:
2972:Forks Over Knives
2924:Peaceable Kingdom
2884:Shores of Silence
2876:A Cow at My Table
2761:Eternal Treblinka
2713:Animal Liberation
2605:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2492:
2491:
2427:Uncaged Campaigns
2402:Mercy for Animals
2367:Great Ape Project
2282:Animal Liberation
2228:(groups, parties)
2215:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2114:Elizabeth Farians
2023:Christine Townend
1963:Heather Nicholson
1893:Brigitte Gothière
1883:Antoine Goetschel
1769:
1768:
1430:Charles Patterson
1335:Gary L. Francione
1310:Josephine Donovan
1300:Daniel Dombrowski
1280:Alasdair Cochrane
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1075:
1074:
1006:Predation problem
890:Animal euthanasia
799:Foam depopulation
634:Insects in ethics
203:978-0-87-722493-8
121:
120:
102:978-0-87722-493-8
3732:
3665:Alexander Skutch
3619:Peter Vallentyne
3544:Thomas Lepeltier
3474:
3473:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3054:Animal Sentience
3043:
3042:
2908:Legally Blonde 2
2868:The Animals Film
2622:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2417:Rise for Animals
2242:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2221:
2220:
2084:Edith Carrington
1988:Craig Rosebraugh
1953:Virginia McKenna
1943:Jo-Anne McArthur
1873:Juliet Gellatley
1778:
1777:
1736:Mary Anne Warren
1676:Humphrey Primatt
1661:Edward Nicholson
1631:Charles R. Magel
1596:Thomas G. Gentry
1455:Richard D. Ryder
1395:Thomas Lepeltier
1225:
1224:
1216:
1215:
1202:
1201:
1169:World Animal Day
1127:Unnecessary Fuss
1087:Brown Dog affair
1057:Animals in sport
1047:Animal slaughter
1042:Animal sacrifice
981:Culling wildlife
784:Wildlife farming
702:
701:
547:Animal cognition
516:Total liberation
451:
450:
440:
439:
425:
418:
411:
402:
401:
397:
395:
354:
352:
327:
302:
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266:
242:
236:
235:
233:
232:
217:
208:
207:
189:
111:
29:
22:
18:
3740:
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3735:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3669:
3655:J. Howard Moore
3623:
3574:Martha Nussbaum
3549:Ole Martin Moen
3539:Tobias Leenaert
3504:Richard Dawkins
3465:
3439:
3410:The Meat Eaters
3365:
3339:
3330:Welfare biology
3310:Ecology of fear
3293:
3288:
3258:
3253:
3223:
3204:
3147:
3128:Muutoksen kevät
3101:
3034:
2940:Behind the Mask
2855:
2665:Animals' Rights
2616:
2597:
2581:
2488:
2456:
2229:
2203:
2064:Cleveland Amory
2052:
2018:Darren Thurston
2013:Marianne Thieme
1868:Bruce Friedrich
1833:Joey Carbstrong
1818:Brigitte Bardot
1765:
1756:Jon Wynne-Tyson
1646:J. Howard Moore
1591:John Galsworthy
1571:Wilhelm Dietler
1514:
1510:Corey Lee Wrenn
1420:Martha Nussbaum
1330:Lawrence Finsen
1270:Paola Cavalieri
1245:Kristin Andrews
1220:
1210:
1188:
1157:
1136:
1071:
1025:
967:
939:
900:Pain in animals
876:
808:
774:Poultry farming
693:
525:
445:
434:
429:
285:
283:Further reading
280:
243:
239:
230:
228:
219:
218:
211:
204:
190:
186:
182:
143:burden of proof
138:
80:Media type
17:
12:
11:
5:
3738:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3645:Lewis Gompertz
3642:
3640:Erasmus Darwin
3637:
3635:Charles Darwin
3631:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3524:Kyle Johannsen
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3494:Yves Bonnardel
3491:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3406:
3398:
3390:
3382:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3356:Rehabilitation
3353:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3049:
3047:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2900:Meet Your Meat
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2813:
2805:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2701:
2697:The New Ethics
2693:
2685:
2677:
2669:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2637:
2628:
2626:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2528:Animals' Party
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2297:AnimaNaturalis
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2267:Animal Justice
2264:
2259:
2254:
2248:
2246:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2199:Gretchen Wyler
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2129:Lewis Gompertz
2126:
2121:
2119:Emarel Freshel
2116:
2111:
2109:Muriel Dowding
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2043:Gary Yourofsky
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1958:Ingrid Newkirk
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1903:Charlotte Laws
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1828:Yves Bonnardel
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1803:Martin Balluch
1800:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1751:Steven M. Wise
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1696:Bernard Rollin
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1656:Leonard Nelson
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:Herman Daggett
1558:
1553:
1551:Priscilla Cohn
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1526:Jeremy Bentham
1522:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Jessica Pierce
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1370:Kyle Johannsen
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1295:David DeGrazia
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Carol J. Adams
1231:
1229:
1222:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1107:Pit of despair
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1037:Abandoned pets
1033:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
977:
975:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
955:
949:
947:
941:
940:
938:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
886:
884:
882:Animal welfare
878:
877:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
857:Model organism
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
818:
816:
814:Animal testing
810:
809:
807:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Working animal
786:
781:
779:Slaughterhouse
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
754:Insect farming
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
714:Animal product
710:
708:
699:
695:
694:
692:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
669:Sentiocentrism
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
594:
589:
584:
579:
577:Animal welfare
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
533:
531:
527:
526:
524:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
457:
455:
447:
446:
436:
435:
428:
427:
420:
413:
405:
399:
398:
355:
328:
303:
284:
281:
279:
278:
237:
227:. 25 July 2017
209:
202:
183:
181:
178:
174:antispeciesist
137:
134:
119:
118:
113:
105:
104:
99:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3737:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3650:William Paley
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:Steven Nadler
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3564:David Olivier
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Will Kymlicka
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:Sue Donaldson
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:Elisa Aaltola
3482:
3481:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:Animal Ethics
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:Organizations
3442:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3351:Contraception
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:Interventions
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3305:Animal ethics
3303:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:Tame Yourself
3171:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3135:No Compromise
3132:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2636:(3rd century)
2635:
2634:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2608:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2566:(Netherlands)
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Animal Rising
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2262:Animal Ethics
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Jessie Mackay
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:James Granger
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Henry B. Amos
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2038:Louise Wallis
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2003:Kim Stallwood
2001:
1999:
1998:Jasmin Singer
1996:
1994:
1993:Nathan Runkle
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1978:David Olivier
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:John Feldmann
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Aymeric Caron
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Carole Baskin
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Laurids Smith
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1681:James Rachels
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1626:John Lawrence
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:Brigid Brophy
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Tatjana Višak
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:David Sztybel
1488:
1486:
1485:Cass Sunstein
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1450:Mark Rowlands
1448:
1446:
1445:Evelyn Pluhar
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Andrew Linzey
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Will Kymlicka
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:Dale Jamieson
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:Valéry Giroux
1343:
1341:
1340:Robert Garner
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Sue Donaldson
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1285:J. M. Coetzee
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
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1250:Tom Beauchamp
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1153:Hunt sabotage
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1141:Methodologies
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986:Hare coursing
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729:Chick culling
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689:Vegetarianism
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587:Anthrozoology
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557:Animal ethics
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432:Animal rights
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301:(3): 110–113.
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225:Animal Ethics
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56:Animal ethics
54:
50:
46:
42:
39:
36:
32:
28:
23:
3614:Peter Singer
3584:David Pearce
3579:Clare Palmer
3559:Yew-Kwang Ng
3529:Jeff McMahan
3477:Contemporary
3431:
3423:
3415:
3400:
3393:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3215:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
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3119:
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3094:
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3059:
3052:
3026:
3018:
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2994:
2986:
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2970:
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2954:
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2898:
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2815:
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2799:
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2759:
2751:
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2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2484:Oxford Group
2352:Every Animal
2245:Contemporary
2194:Andrew Tyler
2184:Nell Shipman
2124:André Géraud
2033:Jerry Vlasak
2008:Lynda Stoner
1983:Alex Pacheco
1918:Evanna Lynch
1913:Howard Lyman
1898:Wayne Hsiung
1858:Chris DeRose
1848:Rod Coronado
1781:Contemporary
1721:Thomas Tryon
1641:Mary Midgley
1636:Jean Meslier
1616:Soame Jenyns
1606:John Hildrop
1601:Arthur Helps
1566:Richard Dean
1541:Peter Buchan
1480:Gary Steiner
1475:Peter Singer
1470:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
1435:David Pearce
1425:Clare Palmer
1415:David Nibert
1405:Clair Linzey
1315:Joan Dunayer
1240:Aysha Akhtar
1228:Contemporary
1097:McLibel case
1052:Animal trial
1011:Seal hunting
973:Wild animals
958:Fishing bait
920:Pain in fish
739:Fish farming
719:Battery cage
639:Meat paradox
596:
537:Abolitionism
367:
363:
340:
336:
315:
311:
298:
294:
254:
250:
240:
229:. Retrieved
224:
193:
187:
166:
161:
158:
151:
148:
139:
124:
123:
122:
3519:Oscar Horta
3514:Catia Faria
3361:Vaccination
3039:Periodicals
2916:The Meatrix
2892:The Witness
2506:(Australia)
2480:(1891–1919)
2362:Faunalytics
2189:Henry Spira
2179:Hans Ruesch
2169:Jill Phipps
2164:Norm Phelps
2144:Barry Horne
2104:Royal Dixon
2099:Karen Davis
2079:Ernest Bell
1973:Ric O'Barry
1968:Jack Norris
1938:Dan Mathews
1843:Jake Conroy
1813:Barbi Twins
1788:James Aspey
1726:Gary Varner
1716:John Styles
1556:Henry Crowe
1505:Paul Waldau
1495:Michael Tye
1390:Renan Larue
1375:Melanie Joy
1360:Oscar Horta
1355:John Hadley
1325:Catia Faria
1320:Mylan Engel
1290:Alice Crary
1260:Steven Best
1255:Marc Bekoff
1221:and writers
1162:Observances
1067:Live export
1001:Ivory trade
872:Vivisection
847:Green Scare
744:Fur farming
649:Open rescue
644:Nonviolence
247:"Predation"
3684:Categories
3628:Historical
3325:Speciesism
3028:Seaspiracy
2932:Earthlings
2572:(Portugal)
2546:DierAnimal
2461:Historical
2257:Animal Aid
2149:Marie Huot
2094:Joan Court
2074:Bob Barker
2057:Historical
1948:LuĂsa Mell
1928:Keith Mann
1923:Bill Maher
1908:Ronnie Lee
1878:Tal Gilboa
1853:Karen Dawn
1793:Greg Avery
1671:Rod Preece
1586:T. Forster
1546:Mona Caird
1519:Historical
1380:Hilda Kean
1350:Lori Gruen
684:Vegaphobia
674:Speciesism
567:Animal law
370:(3): 167.
231:2020-04-24
180:References
3660:Tom Regan
3609:Jeff Sebo
3554:Arne Næss
3182:Manifesto
3121:Bite Back
3106:Magazines
2980:Vegucated
2578:(Germany)
2576:V-ParteiÂł
2554:(Germany)
2548:(Belgium)
2524:(Finland)
2347:Equanimal
1933:Jim Mason
1888:Mark Gold
1823:Gene Baur
1798:Matt Ball
1774:Activists
1686:Tom Regan
1465:Jeff Sebo
1410:Dan Lyons
1219:Academics
1207:Advocates
1062:Live food
862:Nafovanny
769:Livestock
749:Fur trade
724:Bile bear
659:Personism
454:Overviews
384:0306-6800
324:0196-2035
273:0197-9094
116:802995461
83:Paperback
70:Publisher
62:Published
3412:" (2010)
3298:Concepts
3245:Category
3114:Arkangel
3046:Journals
3020:Dominion
2956:The Cove
2586:Activism
2530:(Sweden)
2518:(Canada)
2512:(Europe)
2226:Movement
1761:Voltaire
679:Veganism
629:Ethology
530:Concepts
155:animals.
91:xix, 302
44:Language
3470:Writers
2560:(Italy)
2542:(Spain)
2536:(Italy)
2497:Parties
991:Hunting
945:Fishing
604:Carnism
393:1376044
136:Content
52:Subject
47:English
3436:(2022)
3428:(2020)
3420:(2019)
3405:(2008)
3397:(1987)
3389:(1906)
3381:(1824)
3247:
3220:(2003)
3201:(2014)
3193:(2014)
3185:(2008)
3177:(1991)
3169:(1987)
3157:Albums
3031:(2021)
3023:(2018)
3015:(2016)
3007:(2013)
2999:(2013)
2991:(2013)
2983:(2011)
2975:(2011)
2967:(2009)
2959:(2009)
2951:(2007)
2943:(2006)
2935:(2005)
2927:(2004)
2919:(2003)
2911:(2003)
2903:(2002)
2895:(2000)
2887:(2000)
2879:(1998)
2871:(1981)
2852:(2022)
2844:(2022)
2836:(2020)
2828:(2018)
2820:(2016)
2812:(2014)
2804:(2012)
2796:(2010)
2788:(2009)
2780:(2008)
2772:(2005)
2764:(2001)
2756:(1999)
2748:(1995)
2740:(1993)
2732:(1987)
2724:(1983)
2716:(1975)
2708:(1971)
2700:(1907)
2692:(1906)
2684:(1899)
2676:(1897)
2668:(1892)
2660:(1883)
2652:(1838)
2644:(1824)
2238:Groups
698:Issues
542:Ahimsa
390:
382:
322:
271:
200:
34:Author
3370:Media
3142:Satya
2860:Films
2625:Books
2447:Viva!
1080:Cases
1030:Other
343:(4).
318:(2).
257:(2).
88:Pages
2387:L214
1112:SHAC
380:ISSN
320:ISSN
269:ISSN
198:ISBN
152:deny
110:OCLC
97:ISBN
65:1987
388:PMC
372:doi
345:doi
259:doi
162:why
3686::
386:.
378:.
368:17
366:.
362:.
339:.
335:.
316:17
314:.
310:.
297:.
293:.
267:.
253:.
249:.
223:.
212:^
3408:"
3283:e
3276:t
3269:v
424:e
417:t
410:v
396:.
374::
353:.
347::
341:6
326:.
299:8
275:.
261::
255:5
234:.
206:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
