395:, and the subordinate Palladium, Mons Meg, would be carried to England to complete the odious surrender of national independence. The Regalia, sequestered from the sight of the public, were generally supposed to have been abstracted in this manner. As for Mons Meg, she remained in the Castle of Edinburgh, till, by order of the Board of Ordnance, she was actually removed to Woolwich about 1757. The Regalia, by his Majesty's special command, have been brought forth from their place of concealment in 1818, and exposed to the view of the people, by whom they must be looked upon with deep associations; and, in this very winter of 1828–9, Mons Meg has been restored to the country, where that, which in every other place or situation was a mere mass of rusty iron, becomes once more a curious monument of antiquity.
262:
254:
417:
85:
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33:
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the
Ordnance Board fabricated a new carriage after her arrival at the Tower. In 1835, after the return of Mons Meg to Edinburgh Castle, the London-made carriage rotted away too and fabrication of a cast-iron replacement was undertaken; the new carriage weighed three-and-a-half tons and cost £53. Mons Meg is now mounted on a reproduction of the carriage depicted in a carving of
301:, on the way. The gun was subsequently named after "Mollance", the lands given to the blacksmith for his service and "Meg", the name of his wife. Later historians have not taken this legend particularly seriously, not least because of the improbability that such a weapon could be forged by a village smith, as well as there being ample provenance showing its history.
212:, in 1454. The bombard was employed in sieges until the middle of the 16th century, after which it was only fired on ceremonial occasions. In 1680 the barrel burst, rendering Mons Meg unusable. The gun remained in Edinburgh Castle until 1754 when, along with other unused weapons in Scotland, it was taken to the Tower of London. Sir
391:
Meg's mouth withal (to increase, as every schoolboy knows, the loudness of the report), ribands to deck her carriage, and pipes to play before her when she was brought from the Castle to accompany the
Scottish army on any distant expedition. After the Union, there was much popular apprehension that the
433:
The gun is not called "Mons Meg" in any contemporary references until 1678. In 1489, she first appears in record as "Monss" and in the painter's account of 1539 she is called; "Monce in the castell", the only piece with an individual name. In 1650 she was noted as "Muckle Meg". "Meg" may either be a
474:
For a while in its early days the Mons sat on a plain box without any wheels. Evidently, when Mons Meg was removed from
Edinburgh Castle in 1754, her carriage had long since rotted away. A contemporary account describes her as lying "on the ground" near the innermost gate to the castle. Presumably
446:
and Mons Meg was certainly described as such. Mons Meg was made in the town of Mons (now the
Walloon French-speaking part of Belgium) or Bergen (in Dutch as in those days it was part of Flanders). Three cannons were founded, one resides in Edinburgh, one in the Flemish town of Ghent at the Friday
390:
Mons Meg was a large old-fashioned piece of ordnance, a great favourite with the
Scottish common people; she was fabricated at Mons in Flanders, in the reign of James IV. or V. of Scotland. This gun figures frequently in the public accounts of the time, where we find charges for grease, to grease
244:
into the rear of the barrel. The barrel is attached to the powder chamber by means of a groove on the powder chamber into which lugs on the end of the barrel staves fit, and then bound permanently together by the hoops. The powder chamber itself is made from small pieces of iron hammer-welded
363:(later King James VII), but the barrel burst. An English cannoneer had loaded the charge and many Scots believed that the damage was done on purpose out of jealousy, because the English had no cannon as big as this. The incident was also seen as a bad omen for the future King.
339:
to keep it from rusting, which cost 30 shillings in June 1539. From the 1540s Meg was retired from service and was fired only on ceremonial occasions from
Edinburgh Castle. When it was fired on 3 July 1558, soldiers were paid to find and retrieve the shot from
277:
in what is now
Belgium, in June 1449; the duke did not take delivery of the Mons Meg until 1453. He gave the bombard to Scotland's King James II in 1457 as a sign of his support for the Scottish king, whose marriage he had helped negotiate.
245:
together to make a solid wrought-iron forging. Mons Meg has a diameter of 19 inches (480 mm), one of the largest ever built, weighs 15,366 pounds (6,970 kg) and is 13 feet (4.0 m) in length.
890:
308:
that weighed 175 kilograms (386 lb). In April 1497, John Mawer elder, one of the castle gunners, made new wheels for Mons Meg and the bombards. The cannon was drawn down the
1977:
442:, or simply an alliteration, while Mons was one of the locations where the cannon was tested. McKenzie records that this class of artillery was known as a
512:
1201:
1427:
386:
celebrations Mons Meg is fired at the start of the firework display, although the effect is largely theatrical and the gun is not discharged.
894:
216:
and others campaigned for its return, which was effected in 1829. Mons Meg has since been restored and is now on display within the castle.
1970:
2194:
378:
after a series of campaigns by Sir Walter Scott and the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. Following a restoration, it sits outside
1167:
298:
2102:
1986:
1574:
1511:
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Market and one in France but this disappeared ages ago. The one in Ghent can be visited today, undamaged. The cannon is named "
435:
374:
aimed at removing weapons or spare cannon from the reach of rebellious folk. It was returned to the castle in 1829 by order of
2189:
1963:
1579:
1077:
Though one of the best-documented of medieval bombards, Mons Meg was the subject of exaggeration and legend
Military History.
959:
700:
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198:
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presented him with this bombard. The first shot fired is said to have passed clean through the castle, severing the hand of
290:
1781:
289:. According to this tale, which was lent credence by Sir Walter Scott, when King James arrived at Threave to besiege the
1117:
808:
205:
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The cannon was left outside Foog's Gate at
Edinburgh Castle. It was next taken, with other disused ordnance, to the
1422:
1129:
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1939:
637:
516:
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1096:
Schmidtchen, Volker (1977), "Riesengeschütze des 15. Jahrhunderts. Technische Höchstleistungen ihrer Zeit",
1160:
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An alternative legend about its manufacture is that it was built by a local blacksmith for the siege of
1409:
286:
975:
2169:
2154:
1526:
480:
269:
Mons Meg was constructed by Jehan Cambier, artillery maker to the Duke of Burgundy. It was tested at
1017:
Military Antiquities respecting a History of the English Army from the Conquest to the Present Time.
740:
Morvern French & Roger Mason, 'Art, Artefacts, Artillery', Alexander Fleming & Roger Mason,
1274:
1944:
1761:
1153:
379:
209:
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The bombard was manufactured from 25 longitudinal staves of iron, held together with iron hoops
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to the sound of minstrels playing, placed on a new carriage or "cradle" and taken to assault
265:
Burst iron ring which put the cannon out of use, revealing the iron staves forming the barrel
1254:
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353:
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8:
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867:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), ccxxiii footnote; vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1913), lxxv–lxxvi, 367.
656:
Lewtas, Ian; McAlister, Rachael; Wallis, Adam; Woodley, Clive; Cullis, Ian (April 2016).
392:
360:
329:
90:
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1500 on a wall of Edinburgh Castle, built in 1934 at a cost of £178 and paid for by the
1830:
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1061:
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in Scotland. It has a barrel diameter of 20 inches (510 mm), making it one of the
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Sideview. The oval slots in the breech were for levers to unscrew it from the barrel.
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348:, a distance of two miles. The salute marked the solemnisation of the marriage of
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In early years the gun, like the other royal cannon, was painted with
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The gun was fired on 30 October 1680 to celebrate a visit by
1024:
Mons Meg the ancient bombard, preserved at Edinburgh castle.
758:(2 ed.). Edinburgh, Scotland: Birlinn Ltd. p. 201.
655:
470:
in the 1680s, showing details of the carriage construction
32:
304:
The 20-inch-diameter (510 mm) cannon accepted stone
632:. Royal Armouries Monograph number 1. Royal Armouries.
1175:
1068:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
893:. Ministry of Defence. 3 February 2009. Archived from
976:"Mons Meg Cannon at Edinburgh Castle to have a 'MOT'"
538:
Owen, Charles Henry; Dames, Thomas Longworth (1859).
891:"'Shannon the Cannon' – Edinburgh's District Gunner"
770:"The Ancient Bombard, Preserved at Edinburgh Castle"
936:Blair, Claude (1967) "A New Carriage for Mons Meg"
658:"The ballistic performance of the bombard Mons Meg"
370:in 1754, as a result of the disarming acts against
651:
649:
803:. Edinburgh, Scotland: Birlinn Ltd. p. 208.
2146:
1985:
1453:Meylin M1719 Pennsylvania-Kentucky rifled musket
954:. Catrine: Stenlake Publishing Ltd. p. 41.
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
1488:Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket
1066:Ancient Artillery. With Some Notes on Mons Meg.
916:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
865:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
646:
1008:Journal of the Arms and Armour Society London
918:, vol. 1, Edinburgh (1877), ccxx–ccxxiii, 115.
880:. Edinburgh : W & R Chambers. p. 329.
1971:
1161:
938:Journal of the Arms and Armour Society London
848:
846:
827:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), pp. 328, 347–350.
612:
228:The cannon is wide enough to contain a child.
37:Mons Meg with its 175-kilogram (386 lb)
628:Smith, Robert D; Brown, Ruth Rhynas (1989).
454:
204:Mons Meg was built in 1449 on the orders of
1095:
1978:
1964:
1168:
1154:
843:
840:, 2:1 (London, 1864), clxxix, 209 no. 788.
798:
753:
627:
236:into place, to form one piece. A separate
673:
537:
688:
458:
415:
260:
252:
223:
1108:Smith, Robert D and Brown, Ruth Rhynas
199:largest cannons in the world by calibre
2147:
1575:Gunpowder artillery in the Middle Ages
1512:Artillery of France in the Middle Ages
1345:San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon
717:"Edinburgh Castle, Mons Meg | Canmore"
559:
557:
1959:
1580:Gunpowder weapons in the Song dynasty
1149:
1130:The official Edinburgh Castle website
1051:. Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd.
1019:T. Egerton and G. Kearsley London, UK
853:Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland
695:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 287.
493:List of the largest cannon by caliber
949:
594:"Bombard and carriage—Mons Meg—1449"
542:. Woolwich: John Boddy. p. 25.
1415:Girardoni M1780 repeating air rifle
1056:Early Gunpowder Artillery 1300–1600
554:
451:" which translates into "Mad Meg".
13:
1110:Bombards- Mons Meg and her sisters
630:Bombards: Mons Meg and her sisters
14:
2206:
1123:
515:. Royal Armouries. Archived from
206:Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy
2195:Tourist attractions in Edinburgh
1044:Catrine: Stenlake Publishing Ltd
1042:Mons Meg - a symbol of Scotland.
855:, vol. 7 (Edinburgh, 1907), 222.
540:Elementary Lectures on artillery
382:. During the Edinburgh's annual
83:
31:
1037:Mennock Publishing Cheshire, UK
968:
952:Mons Meg - a symbol of Scotland
943:
930:
921:
909:
883:
870:
858:
830:
817:
792:
762:
747:
744:(John Donald, 2019), pp. 110-2.
742:Scotland and the Flemish People
219:
1940:Category:Early modern firearms
1448:Kalthoff M1630 repeating rifle
1419:Hartingk M1670 repeating rifle
838:Letters and Papers, Henry VIII
799:McGladdery, Christine (2015).
754:McGladdery, Christine (2015).
734:
709:
682:
586:
531:
505:
361:James, Duke of Albany and York
1:
1405:Cookson M1750 repeating rifle
1385:Belton M1777 repeating musket
1047:McKenzie, Agnes Mure (1948).
498:
476:
299:Margaret, Countess of Douglas
208:and sent by him as a gift to
191:Historic Environment Scotland
2190:Military history of Scotland
1987:Artillery of the Middle Ages
1531:Byzantine fire tube (cannon)
1135:Mons Meg at Edinburgh Castle
1112:Royal Armouries Monograph 1
7:
1672:Medieval large calibre guns
1320:Nock M1779 seven barrel gun
1290:Huo Qiang lance hand cannon
878:Domestic Annals of Scotland
486:
324:in August 1515 to threaten
10:
2211:
1410:M1696 French common musket
1049:Scottish Pageant 1513–1625
998:
774:The Archaeological Journal
565:"Technique: Hoop and Band"
287:Stewartry of Kirkcudbright
248:
2111:
2095:
2049:
1993:
1935:
1902:
1839:
1753:Byzantine rocket launcher
1733:
1671:
1527:Breech-loading swivel gun
1496:
1371:
1340:Puckle Μ1717 revolver gun
1215:
1187:
1035:Mons Meg: A Royal Cannon.
876:Chambers, Robert (1885).
825:Accounts of the Treasurer
481:Lord Provost of Edinburgh
455:Evolution of the carriage
411:
185:in the collection of the
162:
157:
149:
138:
130:
122:
117:
109:
101:
96:
78:
73:
56:Place of origin
55:
45:
30:
23:
1363:Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon
1310:Meriam kecil hand cannon
1275:Heilongjiang hand cannon
1235:Bedil tumbak hand cannon
1142:from RampantScotland.com
1090:Waverley Novels, Rob Roy
1062:Paul, James Balfour, Sir
1058:Motorbooks International
675:10.1016/j.dt.2015.12.001
1945:Category:Early firearms
1762:Fierce-fire Oil Cabinet
1075:Sands, Kathleen (1999)
1006:The Origin of Mons Meg.
210:James II, King of Scots
153:20 inches (510 mm)
16:Famous medieval bombard
1349:Shou Chong hand cannon
1207:History of the firearm
1104:(2): 153–173 (166–168)
1026:Archeological Journal
1015:Grose, Francis (1801)
689:Bradbury, Jim (1992).
471:
430:
409:
266:
258:
229:
2165:Artillery of Scotland
1795:rocket arrow launcher
1789:rocket arrow launcher
1773:Fire crow rocket bomb
1400:Che Dian Chong musket
1285:Huo Chong hand cannon
1004:Gaier, Claude (1967)
462:
440:James III of Scotland
419:
388:
264:
256:
227:
2175:History of Edinburgh
2160:Artillery of Belgium
1782:Hale rocket launcher
1473:Spanish M1752 musket
1353:Tanegashima arquebus
1255:English horse pistol
1197:History of gunpowder
1054:Norris, John (2003)
950:Lead, Peter (2021).
380:St Margaret's Chapel
350:Mary, Queen of Scots
320:brought Mons Meg to
2124:Medieval technology
1801:(Chinese petroleum)
1692:Dardanelles bombard
1663:Wuwei Bronze Cannon
1615:Obusier de vaisseau
1092:(Notes G) Edinburgh
1040:Lead, Peter (2021)
1033:Lead, Peter (1984)
940:V(12) pages 431–452
519:on 13 November 2017
436:Margaret of Denmark
393:Regalia of Scotland
330:James V of Scotland
328:, who kept her son
91:Kingdom of Scotland
2185:Medieval artillery
2180:Individual cannons
1831:Thunder crash bomb
1478:Springfield musket
1395:Charleville musket
1295:Istinggar arquebus
1086:Scott, Walter, Sir
927:McKenzie, Page 319
692:The Medieval Siege
662:Defence Technology
598:royalarmouries.org
569:royalarmouries.org
472:
431:
406:, Sir Walter Scott
275:County of Hainault
267:
259:
230:
97:Production history
2142:
2141:
2057:Pumhart von Steyr
1953:
1952:
1841:Firing mechanisms
1820:Petroleum naphtha
1725:Pumhart von Steyr
1688:Byzantine bombard
1590:Hu Dun Pao cannon
1390:Brown Bess musket
1140:Photo of Mons Meg
1098:Technikgeschichte
1022:Hewitt, J (1853)
982:. 19 January 2015
961:978-1-84033-920-8
702:978-0-85115-357-5
600:. Royal Armouries
173:
172:
2202:
2170:Edinburgh Castle
2155:560 mm artillery
2129:Medieval warfare
1980:
1973:
1966:
1957:
1956:
1625:Pierrier a boite
1358:Toradar arquebus
1305:Jiaozhi arquebus
1230:Bajozutsu pistol
1170:
1163:
1156:
1147:
1146:
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897:on 23 April 2010
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823:Thomas Dickson,
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468:Edinburgh Castle
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352:, to the French
316:in August 1497.
195:Edinburgh Castle
89:
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26:
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20:
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2087:Dardanelles Gun
2045:
2031:Perrier à boîte
1989:
1984:
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1949:
1931:
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1805:Mysorean rocket
1757:Congreve rocket
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1181:thermal weapons
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368:Tower of London
332:in the castle.
322:Stirling Castle
291:Earl of Douglas
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240:for loading is
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193:and located at
187:Royal Armouries
158:
84:
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74:Service history
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1927:Wujing Zongyao
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1770:(rocket arrow)
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2036:Ribauldequin
1994:Weapon types
1874:Muzzleloader
1849:Breechloader
1827:rocket arrow
1799:Meng Huo You
1750:rocket arrow
1740:incendiaries
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1712:Grose Bochse
1658:Wankou Chong
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668:(2): 59–68.
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517:the original
507:
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242:screw-fitted
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220:Construction
214:Walter Scott
203:
175:
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142: length
79:Used by
39:cannon balls
18:
2072:Faule Grete
2067:Faule Mette
2062:Dulle Griet
2050:Famous guns
2006:Bâton à feu
1912:Huolongjing
1904:Literatures
1707:Faule Mette
1702:Faule Grete
1697:Dulle Griet
1560:Ekor lotong
1522:Baton a feu
1423:Jäger rifle
1315:Muff pistol
1270:Hand mortar
1265:Hand cannon
1240:Blunderbuss
784:16 December
726:24 November
523:16 December
513:"Loans out"
449:Dulle Griet
438:, queen of
423:Dulle Griet
344:, near the
342:Wardie Muir
2149:Categories
2096:By country
2026:Pot-de-fer
2021:Fauconneau
1815:Pen Huo Qi
1777:Greek fire
1768:Fire arrow
1653:Xanadu Gun
1640:Swivel gun
1630:Pot de fer
1570:Fauconneau
1260:Fire lance
986:21 January
639:0948092092
604:29 January
578:29 January
499:References
310:Royal Mile
2134:Artillery
2119:Gunpowder
2041:Veuglaire
1922:Wubei Zhi
1894:Wheellock
1879:Snaphance
1864:Matchlock
1859:Flintlock
1825:Singijeon
1648:Veuglaire
1644:Tarasnice
1620:Organ gun
1585:Hongyipao
1550:Chongtong
1540:Carronade
1499:artillery
1463:Musketoon
1330:Pepperbox
1082:(3) 22–23
464:Engraving
400:Notes to
376:George IV
372:Jacobites
113:June 1449
25:Mons Meg
2082:Mons Meg
2016:Culverin
2001:Arquebus
1884:Snaplock
1717:Mons Meg
1565:Falconet
1555:Culverin
1517:Basilisk
1483:Wall gun
1325:Petronel
1225:Arquebus
1217:Firearms
1192:Timeline
801:James II
756:James II
548:18037111
487:See also
444:murderer
398:—
384:Hogmanay
337:red lead
180:medieval
176:Mons Meg
150:Diameter
110:Produced
102:Designer
68:Wallonia
64:Hainault
2112:Related
2011:Bombard
1854:Doglock
1810:Naphtha
1787:Huo Che
1748:Bo-hiya
1736:rockets
1684:Basilic
1679:Bombard
1600:Lantaka
1545:Cetbang
1377:muskets
1088:(1817)
1072:191–201
999:Sources
403:Rob Roy
354:Dauphin
285:in the
273:in the
249:History
183:bombard
2103:France
1793:Hwacha
1734:Early
1635:Prangi
1610:Mortar
1535:Cannon
1497:Early
1458:Musket
1438:Jingal
1373:Rifles
1335:Pistol
1250:Dragon
1116:
958:
901:14 May
807:
780:. 1853
699:
636:
546:
412:Naming
293:, the
238:breech
234:shrunk
169:175 kg
166:weight
145:280 cm
140:Barrel
134:406 cm
131:Length
88:
50:Cannon
1030:25–32
428:Ghent
306:balls
178:is a
164:Shell
126:6.6 t
1738:and
1605:Lela
1507:Abus
1375:and
1179:and
1114:ISBN
988:2015
956:ISBN
903:2010
805:ISBN
786:2013
728:2020
697:ISBN
634:ISBN
606:2024
580:2024
544:OCLC
525:2013
420:The
271:Mons
123:Mass
60:Mons
46:Type
980:BBC
670:doi
2151::
1102:44
1100:,
1080:16
1070:50
1028:10
978:.
845:^
778:10
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648:^
614:^
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556:^
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477:c.
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201:.
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62:,
1979:e
1972:t
1965:v
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1010:V
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527:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
